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5 1 ICT.,., ICT. ICT R&D ICT. ICT ICT R&D, ICT,. ICT, OECD 8 ICT.,,.. ICT R&D, ICT R&D

6

7 ICT R&D 27 1 ICT ICT ICT 31 2 ICT R&D ICT R&D ( ) ( ) ICT ( ) 45 3 ICT ICT 57 3 ICT R&D 68 1 ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT R&D 70

8 4 2 ICT R&D ICT PCT ICT PCT 74 4 ICT R&D 78 1 (Decomposition analysis) ICT ICT (PCT) R&D ICT R&D

9 ICT

10 6 2 1 ICT ICT ICT ICT ICT ICT ICT ICT ICT R&D R&D ( ) R&D NPE ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT PCT PCT ICT PCT ICT PCT

11 7 4 2 IPC FOS FOS OECD ICT ICT ICT IPC FOS ISIC rev.3.1-isic rev.4 ICT KSIC ISIC rev ICT ICT (2000 ) IP

12 ICT ICT ICT ( ) ( ) BIG-BANG Disruption ICT (PCT ) ICT (EPO ) ICT

13 9 3 1 ICT ICT ICT R&D ICT PCT ICT ICT PCT ISIC rev.4-isic rev ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ICT A B IPR 138

14

15 11 1. (mission-driven). R&D R&D ,438 (2013 ) 2.99, ICT ICT. ICT., ICT ICT. ICT PCT ,594

16 12, ICT PCT 2008 (48.4%). ICT R&D, ICT,,. ICT R&D ICT R&D,.,. ICT R&D ICT ICT R&D, ICT,. ICT R&D ICT ICT., ICT ICT R&D, ICT R&D, ICT, ICT,. ICT ICT.

17 13 2. ICT R&D (ICT ) ICT R&D, ICT,, ICT R&D. 2 ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT, R&D,. ICT ICT,,, ICT ICT. R&D ICT R&D,,.,. 3 ICT R&D. ICT R&D, R&D., ICT R&D PCT PCT ICT R&D ICT PCT. 4 ICT R&D (ICT )., (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) ICT ICT R&D, ICT R&D, ICT, ICT,

18 14. ICT R&D, ICT,., FOS. OECD,,,,,,, 8, ,.,, ICT ICT. 3. ICT % %, ( ) ( ) ( % ).

19 15 1 ICT 1) ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) ICT ICT R&D, 2000 ICT. ICT ICT R&D. ICT R&D. ICT R&D ICT 1) 1 1, 1., 1 ICT, 1 ICT. 1.

20 16 R&D ICT R&D. ICT ICT ICT. ICT Office machinery and computers ICT ICT. ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT. 1 ICT.

21 17 ICT., ICT. ICT R&D,.,,. 2 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) ICT ICT R&D ICT

22 18. 1) 2). 1),.,,.,..,. 118.,., ( 99 2 ). 48

23 19 (, )., (, 2013). (, 2013). (. 2013;, 2013 )., (CPR, Community Patent Review).,,., (, 2009), ,,. 2),,.,,.

24 20. / ( ).,.,, NPE (Patent Pool) NPE.., DB. NPE., M&A., R&D.,. R&D

25 21,.,...,.,... IP. IP IP,., 3.

26 22....,..

27 (mission-driven). R&D R&D ,438 (2013 ) 2.99, 2) ICT ICT. ICT. ICT ICT. 2), GDP/ (, 2014).

28 24 ICT PCT ,594, ICT PCT 2008 (48.4%). ICT R&D, ICT,,. ICT R&D ICT R&D,. ICT. ICT R&D ICT R&D (ICT ) ICT R&D, ICT,. ICT R&D ICT ICT., ICT ICT R&D, ICT R&D, ICT, ICT,. ICT ICT.

29 ICT R&D (ICT ) ICT R&D, ICT, ICT R&D. 2 ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT, R&D,. ICT ICT,,, ICT ICT. R&D ICT R&D,,.,. 3 ICT R&D. ICT R&D, R&D., ICT R&D PCT PCT ICT R&D ICT PCT. 4 ICT R&D (ICT )., (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) ICT ICT R&D, ICT R&D, ICT, ICT,

30 26. ICT R&D, ICT,., FOS. OECD,,,,,,, 8, ,.,, 2000., 8 ICT ICT.

31 2 ICT R&D 27 2 ICT R&D 1 ICT 1. ICT ICT 1990 GDP,,,. 2 1 ICT GDP ICT. ICT % %. GDP 3.0% ICT 2.8%., ICT %p 2 1 ICT GDP (%) ICT (%) ( ICT )(%) GDP (%) ICT (%p) ICT (%) : ICT GDP,. : ( )

32 28 GDP 15.9%.,,, SW ICT ,000 (207 9,000 ) 18.2% ( 2 2 ). ICT ICT, ICT ( :, %) ICT ( ) (26.8) (25.4) (23.3) (22.6) (20.7) (18.3) (19.8) (19.2) (18.2) ICT ( ) (73.2) (74.6) (76.7) (77.4) (79.3) (81.7) (80.2) (80.8) (81.8) : 1), 2) ( ICT ) ICT : ( ) 2 1 ( : %) : ( )

33 2 ICT R&D 29 ICT. ICT %. ICT , %. ICT, ICT 2 2, 1990 ICT % %. 2 3 ICT ( :, %) ICT (ICT ) (7.2) (6.9) (6.4) (6.1) (5.8) (5.6) (5.5) (5.3) (5.1) ICT ( ICT ) (92.8) (93.1) (93.6) (93.9) (94.2) (94.4) (94.5) (94.7) (94.9) : ( ) 2 2 ( : %) : ( )

34 30 ICT ICT ICT 2000, 2013 ICT 440 9, , ICT ( :, %) ICT ICT ICT , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : ICT. : ( )

35 2 ICT R&D ( : %) : ( ),, ICT ICT ICT ICT , , %, , , %. 2 5 ICT ( : ) CAGR % % : ICT KSIC261, 262(26295 ), 263, 264, 265, 272, :

36 32 2 4, 2 5 ICT,,,,. ICT % %, % % % % %, % %. 2 6 ICT,,, ( : ) :

37 2 ICT R&D % %, 24.9% 35.1% %, %, 15.7% 24.9%. 2 4 ICT ( : %) : 2 7 ICT,,, ( : )

38 34,,, : 2 5 ICT ( : %) :, ICT ICT 2013 ICT , %, 15.8%., 2 4 ICT 0.1%. 3 ICT,

39 2 ICT R&D % %, % %, SW 0.1%.,, % % 0.3%p, 4.7% 4.1%, 17.8% 16.3%, 6.8% 6.1% % % % %, % 2.9%, 0.3% 0.3%, % %. 2 8 ICT ( :, %p, %) ICT 1, , , , , , SW : ( ), ( )

40 36 ICT, ICT,. 2 ICT R&D 1. ICT R&D ( ) ICT.,,,, ICT R&D, 1980 TDX, 1990 CDMA, 1990 LCD (, 2011). ICT ICT R&D. ICT 1980, 1994, , IT839, 2000, New IT IT Korea ICT (, 2013). ICT R&D. (1995) (1996)

41 2 ICT R&D 37 ATM ) Cyber Korea 21(1999) e-korea Vision 2006(2002). Cyber Korea 21. e-korea Vision 2006 e-korea. 4) 2 IT IT839. IT839 8, 3, 9 IT 5 10 IT. IT 50 SW 9 IT. 9, TV/,, IT SoC, PC, SW, SW,,., IT. 5) ICT ICT 3) (2005) 4) (2011) 5) (2005)

42 38. New IT IT IT, IT, IT 2 9 ICT R&D ( 93 97) ( 98 02) ( 03 07) MB ( 08 12) catch-up ( ) ( 95), ( 96) () 9,496 ( ) 20.2 ( 33.6 ) 572 ( 9.6%) ( ) Cyber Korea 21( 99), e-korea Vision 2006( 02) () 2 8,999 ( ) IT IT : ( 99) 399 ( 00) 511 ADSL 1, CDMA IMT-2000 ICT ( ) IT839 ( 04), IT839 Master Plan( 05) () 3 5,239 ( ) IT (: ( 03) 2.5 ( 06) 1.6 )), SCI/SSCI ( ): ( 02) 256, 212 ( 06) 530, 475 WiBro IEEE ( ), DMB ( 05. 7) ICT ( ) New IT ( 09), IT R&D ( 10), IT Korea ( 10), IT ( 12) () ( ) ICT SAN( ), SW T-50 : ( 08) 22.0% ( 11) 40.0% LED : ( 08) 5 ( 09) 4 ( 10) 2 : (2013).

43 2 ICT R&D IT Korea IT ICT, SW, IT,, 5. ICT,,, ICT. 6) (2011) ICT,,, ICT 5,, 1, , ,, WiBro DMB ICT ICT ICT., ICT ICT, ICT ICT ICT. 6) (2011).

44 40, ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT, ICT ICT. ICT R&D SW, ICT, ICT ICT., ICT (, 2011). ICT, ICT,, ICT (, 2011). ICT ICT. ICT ICT, ICT. ICT ICT. ICT % %, %, %. ICT ICT ICT (, 2014).

45 2 ICT R&D ICT ( ) ( : %) : : (2014). 2. ( ) 40 R&D, (catch-up) R&D R&D ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ), : (2009), R&D ( )

46 42 (catch-up) (technological learning) (, 2010) R&D. R&D 2000,,, R&D (, 2009)., R&D R&D R&D (, 2010). 2 7 : (2009)

47 2 ICT R&D 43 (, 2009) (First-mover) R&D., R&D R&D (, 2013) : (2013). 3 (open innovation) 2003 Henry Chesbrough, R&D (closed innovation). R&D,,. R&D

48 44 (, 2013)., SNS ICT (, 2014). (crowdsourcing), GE (Quirky) AROS. 2013, R&D (, 2014)., ( ) R&D R&D. R&D ( ) 2013 ( ) ( ). R&D,, R&D., R&D. R&D R&D.

49 2 ICT R&D , ( ) R&D R&D,, ICT ( ) ( ), ( ( )). ( ) 1960 TDX, DRAM, CDMA, WiBro ( ). ( ). ( ) ( 2 11 ).

50 ( ) ( ), 1990 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) KIST ( ) ( ) : (2010) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ),,, R&D. R&D

51 2 ICT R&D ( ), (, 2009). 2 9 ( ) : (2009) ( 2 10, 2 12 ),.,.

52 ( : %) : ( ) 2 12 R&D R&D (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) ( :, ) (34.1) (20.5) (20.6) (17.9) (16.6) 65.8 (19.8) (40.0) (33.4) (24.3) (35.8) (39.8) (29.6) (44.3) 93.8 (28.1) (29.3) (32.2) (41.5) (43.7) (39.6) (52.4) (39.1) (52.1) (30.7) (34.4)

53 2 ICT R&D 49 R&D , , , , , , (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (37.1) (44.4) (61.1) (66.5) (13.1) (11.9) (9.1) (8.1) (7.4) 75.5 (7.4) : ( ) (33.2) (26.6) 67.2 (22.2) 45.6 (27.8) (17.0) (15.6) (16.6) (26.3) (21.4) (26.1) (29.8) (29.0) 50.6 (16.7) 9.5 (5.8) (69.9) (72.5) (74.3) (65.6) (71.2) (66.5) 3 ICT (asset-based economy) (knowledgebased economy),.., ( 20 ). ICT

54 50 R&D.. (Pro-Patent Policy).,,. 7), ICT. 1.. (2005),. (diffusion).,. (+). (exclusion).., 7) Sakakibara and Branstetter(2001), Hall and Ziedonis(2001), Jaffe(2000) ( ).

55 2 ICT R&D 51 (-). Helpman(1993),. Yang and Maskus (2001), Gould and Gruben(1996), Kanwar and Evenson(2003)., Hall and Ziedonis(2001), Sakakibara and Branstetter(2001), Jaffe(2000),., (2004) (Venetian Statute of 1474)., , 1980 R&D (Pro-Patent Policy) 8) R&D 8) , 1980, (Pro-Patent Policy)

56 , , ( : ) : : WIPO ( 1980,.,. Apple, Intel, Microsoft ICT. ICT,.

57 2 ICT R&D ICT ( 2 12 ) ( : ) : Chernesky(2009), 1980 Charkrabarty (Diamond v. Charkrabarty, 447 U.S. 303), 1998 State Street Bank (State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, 149 F.3d. 1368, 1375) BM (Bussiness Model Patent),, ( ), NPE(Non-Practicing

58 54 Entity) 9),. NPE,.. NPE,, (, 2013).. (2012), 3, % ( 2 13 ), ) (FTC, Federal Trade Commission) (PAE, Patent Assertion Entity) NPE, NPE (Patent Troll), (Patent Pirate), (Patent Speculator). (PLLs, Patent Litigation and Licensing Companies), Patent Pioneer.

59 2 ICT R&D 55, % 73% ( 2 13 ) : (2012) , ( ) % % % (, 2013). (2012) ICT, 2011 (PII) 1.25, 0.81, , (PMI) 1.48, 1.42,

60 ( : %) : 1) 2) (%)= / :, (2013) 1 (Jaffe & Trajtenberg, 2000), (, 2012) ( : ) : (2012)

61 2 ICT R&D 57., , ( : ) : 2. ICT.,.. R&D,. R&D

62 58,,., ( ) ( ) ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,548 25,503 9,545 35,048 : (

63 2 ICT R&D 59, NPE () 10)., ( 2 13 ) David & Harrison(2001) 2 17 BIG-BANG Disruption : / : Downes & Nunes(2013), (2014) 10) (), NPE. NPE,.,.

64 60. 1 (defensive), 2 (cost control), 3 (profit center), 4 (integrated), 5 (visionary). ICT. ICT,. Downes & Nunes(2013) (BIG-BANG Disruption) 2 17, ICT (, 2014).. ICT.,.. ICT ICT. ICT PCT(Patent Cooperation Treaty), ,672, EPO(Europe Patent Office), , ( 2 18, 2 19 ).

65 2 ICT R&D ICT (PCT ) ( : ) : OECD (stats.oecd.org) 2 19 ICT (EPO ) ( : ) : OECD (stats.oecd.org) ICT,.,,.

66 (TI), 80% 8, ),. (IPR Portfolio)., ,000 45, 1 7, M&A (, 2011)., LG, ICT., ) (target).

67 2 ICT R&D 63,, ICT : PCMAG( ( 2 21 ), (1,341 ) 15.8% ,. (2011), ICT %, %, % ICT.

68 ( : ) : : (2014). ICT (Smart Phone, Tablet PC ), 12) ( 2 14 ).,,,., 12) Win-Win, NPE ICT.

69 2 ICT R&D 65 (ITC), 13) (, 2014) / / ( ), UI/ ( ) 2, (9/20) ( ), UI/ ( ) (8/24) (8/24) (8/31) : ( ) 2 : KISDI ( ) NPE. NPE ) S1, S2,, 4 ITC..

70 66, NPE (License Fee) (Running Royalty),. NPE (, 2013). ICT NPE. 6 ( ) NPE 2 15 NPE (Q1-2) ( : ) 1 Apple Samsung AT&T Hewlett Packard Sony Dell Verizon Amazon.com Google Microsoft HTC LG : : PatentFreedom( )

71 2 ICT R&D , LG ) 14) NPE, NPE (America Invents Act), (Multi- Defendent Joinder),, NPE (Innovation Act),

72 68 3 ICT R&D 1 ICT R&D 1. ICT R&D ICT Office machinery and computers, electronic components, Television, radio and communication equipment., OECD, OECD ICT ( ), ICT , %. Office machinery and computers , ,800, %., Electronic components % ,000. Television, radio, and communication equipment % ,000.

73 3 ICT R&D ICT R&D Office machinery and computers 1, ( ) (26.8) (76.6) (10.4) (3.6) ( 23.5) ( 33.3) (25.6) (8.6) Electronic components 4, , , , , , , ,661.0 ( ) (225.8) (7.8) (15.3) (0.5) (12.8) (6.5) (20.9) (13.7) Television, radio and communication equipment 1, , , , , , , ,064.0 ( ) ( 68.0) (11.7) (13.3) (4.8) (1.5) ( 5.6) (12.0) (5.5) ( :, %) CAGR ( 01 11) ( 14.0%) (12.2%) (12.3%) Total 1, , , , , , , ,077.1 (10.0%) : UNIDO(2014). 3 1 ICT ( : ) : UNIDO(2014) ICT ( 3 2 ), Electronic components % 2001 (34.8%) 22.6%p, %

74 70., Office machinery and computers Television, radio, and communication equipment Office machinery and computers % 9.4% % %. Television, radio, and communication equipment % % %. 3 2 ICT ( : %) : UNIDO(2014) 2. ICT R&D ICT R&D,,,,,, ICT R&D 359, (42.17 ), (28.39 ), (9.3 ), (3.9 ),

75 3 ICT R&D 71 (3.6 ), (8,500 ). ICT R&D , (9,600 ).,,, ICT ICT R&D ( :, %) ( ) (21.6) (21.9) (14.3) (13.0) (13.9) (13.4) (11.3) (12.2) ( ) (3.6) (4.3) (4.7) (6.1) (5.8) (7.9) (6.2) (6.1) 3, , , , , , , ,839.0 ( ) (17.9) (17.1) (16.8) (16.0) (15.4) (14.2) (13.4) (13.3) 4, , , , , , , ,217.4 ( ) (12.6) (13.4) (12.2) (11.1) (11.0) (11.1) (10.9) (9.8) 1, , , , , , ( ) (24.3) (20.2) (17.6) (18.7) (19.1) (18.2) (14.5) (12.7) ( ) (16.0) (11.4) (9.5) (7.5) (6.8) (6.8) (6.5) (8.9) 39, , , , , , , ,944.8 ( ) (27.6) (30.2) (22.3) (20.6) (22.3) (21.8) (22.3) (20.2) : ICT R&D Office machinery and computers, electronic components, Television, radio and communication equipment. : UNIDO(2014)., 3 3 ICT, ICT ICT ICT 2007,,,,,,.,,

76 72,,,, ICT. 3 3 ICT R&D ( : %) : ICT ICT. : UNIDO(2014). 2 ICT R&D 1. ICT PCT ICT PCT 3 3, ICT PCT ICT PCT % % % %.

77 3 ICT R&D ICT PCT Office machinery and computers Electronic components Television, radio and communication equipment ( :, %) , , , , , , ,315.7 ICT , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,650.2 ICT : ICT PCT Office machinery and computers, electronic components, Television, radio and communication equipment : UNIDO(2014)., 2011 ICT 3,955.5 Television, radio and communication equipment 2,315.7 (58.5%), Office machinery and computers 1,133.8 (28.7%), Electronic components 506 (12.7%). 3 4 ICT PCT ( : ) : UNIDO(2014).

78 74, PCT 10 ( 3 4 ), ICT. Television, radio and communication equipment 10 2,315.7, Office machinery and computers 1, Electronic components PCT Television, radio and communication equipment Office machinery and computers ( : ) , , , , , , , Phamaceuticals Basic chemical Electronic components Medical equipment Domestic appliances Measuring instruments Special purpose machinery Motor vehilcles : UNIDO(2014). 2. ICT PCT OECD ICT ( 3 5 ),,,,,, ,639.9 ICT PCT.

79 3 ICT R&D ,,,,, ICT PCT. 3 5 ICT PCT ( : ) : UNIDO(2014). 7 ICT PCT ( 3 5 ), ICT , , ICT ( : ) : UNIDO(2014)

80 76, ICT PCT PCT, 2011 ICT PCT 31.5%, (19.7%) (16.4%), (14.3%), (11.6%), (10.6%). 3 6 ICT PCT ( : %) : UNIDO(2014). ICT PCT,, ICT ICT % 31.5% , 2000 ICT, PCT.

81 3 ICT R&D ICT PCT ( : %) : UNIDO(2014).

82 ICT R&D (Decomposition analysis) 1.,... Hankinson and Rhys(1983) (SDA, Structural Decomposition Analysis) (IDA, Index Decomposition Analysis). SDA (input-output model) Casler and Rose(1998), Chang and Lin(1998), Munksgaard(2000) (Zhou and Ang, 2008;, 2010 ). SDA (, 2010). IDA (index) 1970, Laspeyres, Paasche, Divisia index. IDA SDA SDA

83 4 ICT R&D 79 (, 2010). LMDI Ang et al.(1998). ICT R&D IDA IDA. Laspeyres, Divisia Index, LDMI. 15). Laspeyres (e) (V) (E), i (I i ) (S i ). (1) 산업 의부가가치비율 산업 의에너지집중도 (0) (t). (2) (1). (3) ( i ) ( i ) 15) (2007).

84 80., (4) (3), (5). (5) (6). Laspeyres: 잔차 (6) Paasche: 잔차 (7) (6). (0) Laspeyres, (t) Paasche. Laspeyres (, 2007). Laspeyres

85 4 ICT R&D 81,. Laspeyres Paasche (0 t )., (time-reversal test), ( ) ( ) (factor reversal test).. Divisia Index Laspeyres Paasche Boyd et al.(1987) Divisia Index. Laspeyres (, 2010). Boyd et al.(1987) Divisia Index,.,, (8), i. (8) ( )

86 82. (9) (9) (10). ln (10) ln Laspeyres Paasche. Divisia: ln ln 잔차 (11) (11) Divisia Index.. Logarithmic Mean Divisia index

87 4 ICT R&D 83. Sun(1999) (Jointly Created and Eqaully Distrubuted) 16), (, 2010). Ang et al.(1998) Logarithmic Mean Divisia index(lmdi)., ln ln (12) Divisia Index Laspeyres & Paasche, Divisia Index. LMDI. LMDI (13). LMDI: ln ln ln ln ln ln (13) LMDI Laspeyres & Paasche. 16) (, 2010).

88 84 2.,,. Lin and Chang(1996), Paul and Bhattaacharya(2004), Nag and Parikh(2005), Lise(2006), Howarth et al.(1991), Torvanger(1991), Ang(1995), Greening(1998), Kim and Worrel(2002), (2010).,, Paul and Bhattaacharya(2004), Lise(2006), (2001), (2008), (2010) LMDI.,,.,, Ang and Zang(1999), Liaskas et al.(2000), Zhang and Ang(2001), Kihoon and Wankeun(2006) (, 2010). R&D. Jinyoung and Gerald(2004) , R&D, R&D. R&D R&D R&D,., ,, 70% R&D. 30% R&D

89 4 ICT R&D 85. Pietro et al.(2010) EU R&D R&D R&D R&D. EU R&D,., R&D ( ICT ) R&D,. Andreas and Fabian(2012) EU 27 R&D (R&D intensity).,, R&D, R&D. EU R&D. R&D, R&D, R&D R&D. Laspeyres Divisia Index. 2 ICT 1. (LMDI)

90 86. ICT R&D,, ICT. ICT R&D ICT ICT., ICT, ICT, ICT. ICT ICT. T N ICT,, (14),.

91 4 ICT R&D PCT ICT PCT ICT i PCT ICT i R&D (BERD) ICT ICT i ( ) ICT i R&D PCT ICT R&D (R&D efficiency). ( ) ICT i R&D ICT R&D (R&D intensity). ( ) ICT ICT i ICT (Structural change). ( ) ICT ICT ICT (Scale change). ( ) PCT (Patent productivity).. T+1 ICT (14).

92 88 특허제도 기업전략 ICT R&D 환경 ICT 산업구조 (15) (14) (15) ICT R&D, ICT,., R&D R&D R&D, ICT ICT ICT....

93 4 ICT R&D 89, 17). T T+1 ICT (Multiplicative scheme) (16). (16) D RDEFF R&D ICT. D RDINT R&D. D STRCH ICT ICT, D SCLCH ICT ICT. D PATPD. LMDI, (17) (21). ln ln exp ln ln ln ln exp ln ln ln ln exp ln ln 17) Jinyoung, K. and Gerald, M(2004). (17) (18) (19)

94 90 ln ln exp ln ln (20) ln ln exp ln ln (21) 2. (14) ICT, R&D., R&D ( ). IPC(International Patent Classification) IPC A H IPC ( ) A Human Necessities 83 B Performing Operations; Transporting 167 C Chemistry; Metallurgy 95 D Textiles; Paper 38 E Fixed Constructions 30 F Mechanical Engineering; Lighting; Heating; Weapons; Blasting 99 G Physics 79 H Electricity 49

95 4 ICT R&D 91, R&D (ISIC, International Standard Industrial Classification), ISIC rev.3 (15) (37) 21. ( ),. (USPC) (SIC), 1972 SIC ,020 (, 2010) (, 2010). IPC YTC(Yale Technology Concordance).,. OECD YTC IPC (ISIC) OTC(OECD Technology Concordance) OTC YTC, (, 2010). (FhG-ISI), (OST), (SPRU) EC IPC ISIC 2003 FOS. ( ) IPC 1:1 ISIC. 44 (Technological Fields) (Industrial Sectors)

96 92 (Matrix) 18). OTC FOS (IPC) (ISIC). FOS 1:1. FOS. 4 3 FOS 44 Field IPC Field IPC Field IPC Field IPC Field IPC 1 A01H 10 B09B 15 C06B 20 A01L 40 G02B 1 A21D 10 B09C 15 C06C 20 A44B 40 G02C 1 A23B 10 B29B 15 C06D 20 A47H 40 G03D 1 A23C 10 C01B 15 C08H 20 A47K 40 G03F 1 A23D 10 C01C 15 C09G 20 B21K 40 G09F C10G 14 C09F 19 B21C 39 G01K 44 A41G 9 C10L 14 C11D 19 B21G 39 G01L 44 A42B 9 G01V 14 D06L 19 B22D 39 G05B 44 A44C : Schmoch et al.(2003) 18). (Food) FOS ( ) 100 PCT, 67 (Food), 10 (Pharmaceutical), 9 (Basic chemical).,.

97 4 ICT R&D 93 FOS 44. IPC 44. FOS 44 IPC 1:1., FOS 44 ISIC rev.3 4 digit-level 44. FOS FOS 44 Field No. NACE ISIC rev.3 Description Food, beverage Tobacco products Textiles Wearing apparel Leather articles Wood products Paper Publishing, printing Petroleum products, nuclear fuel Basic chemical Pesticides, agro-chemical products Paints, varnishes Pharmaceuticals Soaps, detergents, toilet preparations Other chemicals Man-made fibres Rubber and plastics products Non-metallic mineral products Basic metals

98 94 Field No. NACE ISIC rev.3 Description Fabricated metal products , 2912, , 2915, 2919 energy machinery Non-specific purpose machinery Agricultural and forestry machinery Machine-tools , 2924, 2925, 2926, 2929 Special purpose machinery Weapons and ammunition Domestic appliances Office machinery and computers Electric motors, generators, transformers , , 313 Electric distribution, control, wire, cable Accumulators, battery Lightening equipment Other electrical equipment Electronic components Signal transmission, telecommunications Television and radio receivers, audiovisual electronics Medical equipment Measuring instruments Industrial process control equipment Optical instruments Watches, clocks Motor vehicles Other transport equipment Furniture, consumer goods : Schmoch et al.(2003)

99 4 ICT R&D 95, FOS.... PCT.,. 3. ICT 44 ICT. OECD ICT, 1998 ISIC rev.3, 2002 ISIC rev.3.1, 2007 ISIC rev ISIC rev ISIC rev.3.1 ISIC ICT,. OECD 2002 ISIC rev.3.1 ICT. ICT Manufacturing of insulated wire and cable(3130), Manufacturing of industrial process control equipment(3313) ICT.

100 OECD ICT ISIC rev.3.1 (2002) 3000 Manufacturing of office, accounting and computing machinery 3130 Manufacturing of insulated wire and cable Manufacturing of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components Manufacturing of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy Manufacturing of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods Manufacturing of instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except industrial process control equipment 3313 Manufacturing of industrial process control equipment Manufacturing of instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except industrial process control equipment(3312) ICT (3000), (3210), (3220, 3230) 97%,,,, (3312) 2.46%( ). ICT Manufacturing of office, accounting and computing machinery(3000), Manufacturing of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components(3210), Manufacturing of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy(3220), Manufacturing of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and

101 4 ICT R&D 97 associated goods(3230) 4 ICT. OECD Television, radio and communication equipment ICT. 4 6 ICT,,, ( : %) : FOS Office machinery and computers, 34 Electronic components, 35, 36 Television, radio and communication equipment 3 ICT.

102 ICT ICT ISIC code Field No. Field description Office machinery and computers Office machinery and computers Electronic components Electronic components Television, radio and communication equipment Signal transmission, telecommunications Television and radio receivers, audiovisual electronics 3 1. (PCT) FOS 640 IPC 44. IPC Fractional count, FOS IPC 17 IPC version8 (index scheme). Class subclass. OECD(OECD StatExtracts, Patent by technology, stats.oecd.org/index. aspx) IPC PCT.,.

103 4 ICT R&D IPC FOS A B C C A01P A61Q B29K B29L B60W B82Y C07M C10N C12R BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILET PREPARATIONS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANO-STRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANO-STRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANO-STRUCTURES INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C07B TO C07K, RELATING TO SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C-C12Q, RELATING TO MICRO-ORGANISMS Version8 11 Version8 13 Version4 17 Version4 17 Version Version6 10 Version4 15 Version3 13

104 100 C F G C13B PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR C22K - C40B F21W F21Y G01Q G06Q COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES, IN SILICO LIBRARIES INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OF THE LIGHT SOURCES SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING-PROBE MICROSCOPY DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS OR METHODS, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR Version8 15 Version7 32 Version Version8 28 H H04W WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS R&D R&D OECD(OECD StatExtracts, STAN R&D expenditure in Industry ISIC rev.3, stats.oecd.org/index.aspx) R&D (2005 USD, constant prices and PPPs). R&D 3 ICT R&D.

105 4 ICT R&D (UNIDO) INDSTAT ISIC rev.3 3-digit 4-digit. UNIDO DB UNIDO DB (KSIC) ISIC rev UNIDO DB (KSIC rev.9) (ISIC rev.3.1)... KSIC-ISIC 1) 1 : KSIC rev.9 ISIC rev.4 KSIC rev.9-isic rev.4 corresponding table KSIC 5-digit level ISIC 4-digit level. ISIC KSIC (10713, 10798, 21300, 33402). KSIC (10713) ISIC Manufacture of bakery products(1071) Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery(1073) KSIC ISIC.

106 %., Repair (KSIC-95) FOS. 2) 2 : ISIC rev.4 ISIC rev.3.1 (UNSD) correspondence between ISIC rev.3.1 and ISIC rev.4 ISIC rev.4 ISIC rev.3.1 KSIC ISIC rev.3.1. ISIC rev.3.1 rev.4 rev.3.1. rev.4 Manufacture of electronic components and boards (2610) computer modems 5-digit, 1. correspondence table KSIC 5-digit rev.3.1 rev.4. rev rev , 2620, 2817, KSIC 5-digit correspondence table. 19) 19) ISIC rev KSIC, (26295) rev , ISIC rev.4 * rev.4 KSIC correspondence table rev.3.1.

107 4 ICT R&D ISIC rev.4-isic rev.3.1, ISIC rev.3.1 Publish (2211, 2212, 2213, 2219) ISIC rev.4 Publish. Nuclear fuel (2330).

108 ISIC rev.3.1-isic rev.4 ICT ISIC rev Description Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Manufacture of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components Manufacture of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods ISIC rev.4 Description 2610 Manufacture of computer modems 2620 Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment 2817 Manufacture of office machinery and equipment, except computers and peripheral equipment 3320 Installation of mainframes and similar computers, other office machinery 2610* Manufacture of electronic components and boards 2790 Manufacture of solid-state fuel cells, power supplies; manufacture of non-electronic electric components, such as non-electronic capacitors, resistors etc. (e.g. power capacitors) 3314 Repair of solid-state fuel cells, power supplies; non-electronic electric components, such as non-electronic capacitors, resistors etc. (e.g. power capacitors) 2630 Manufacture of communication equipment, except remote controls, pagers, burglar and fire alarm systems, installation of communications equipment 2651 Manufacture of GPS equipment 3313 Repair of GPS equipment 3320 Installation of communication equipment 9512 Repair of communication equipment, industrial-type (e.g. commercial TV cameras) 2610 Manufacture of heads (pickup, recording, read/write, etc.), phonograph needles

109 4 ICT R&D 105 ISIC rev Description Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods ISIC rev.4 Description 2630 Manufacture of infrared devices (e.g. remote controls), pagers 2640 Manufacture of consumer electronics, except video game consoles and digital cameras 2670 Manufacture of digital cameras 2817 Manufacture of dictating machines 3312 Repair of dictating machines 3313 Repair of digital cameras 9521 Repair of public address systems and components. 1) 2-digit level KSIC ISIC rev.3 KSIC 5-digit level % ( % ) KSIC ISIC rev.3.1 KSIC 5-digit in ISIC rev.3 KSIC 2-digit ( :, %) Diff KSIC 2-digit 5-digit ISIC rev.3.1 KSIC

110 % KSIC ISIC. 2) 44 technological field 3-digit(32.1, 32.2, 32.3 ) ISIC rev.3 2-digit (15, 16, 17, 18 ) ISIC rev.3 KSIC 5-digit. 4. OECD,,,,,,,, 8., R&D ,

111 4 ICT R&D ICT , 1., 1 ICT, 1 ICT R&D (RDEFF) ICT ICT R&D 2.00% ICT ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD)

112 ( : %). ICT ( ), ICT ICT, % %, ICT R&D (RDEFF) % ICT R&D

113 4 ICT R&D 109. R&D ICT. ICT R&D (RDINT), ICT (STRCH), ICT (SCLCH) (mixed effect). R&D 2004 ICT (2003 ), R&D. ICT 2000 ICT, ( ), ICT 2000, ( ). 4 3, (PATPD) ICT R&D ICT

114 , % 32% ICT ICT, ICT.., ICT, ( ) 3 20) ( ), 2000 ( ), ( ) ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) , ICT %, %, % 20) (external shock) 2008 ( , ), ( ) 2004.

115 4 ICT R&D % %. R&D (RDEFF) ICT, ICT (SCLCH). ICT R&D (RDINT), ICT (STRCH), (PATPD) ICT, 11.2%. ICT R&D (RDEFF) 65.8%, ICT R&D (RDINT) 24.0%, ICT (STRCH) 1.0%., ICT (SCLCH), (PATPD). ( ) ICT R&D (RDEFF) ICT, ICT (SCLCH). (PATPD) ICT.,.

116 112 ICT ICT, ICT % %. ICT (2011 ) R&D (RDEFF) 958.7%, R&D 2000 ( %, %, %, %) ICT,. ICT (SCLCH) %., R&D (RDINT)

117 4 ICT R&D %, ICT (STRCH) 40.6%, (PATPD) 66.1% ICT (2000 ) ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) (2000 = 0, : %)

118 114 ICT R&D, ICT,., ICT R&D ICT R&D, ICT R&D ICT., 2000 ICT ( GAGR: 20.4%) ICT R&D ( GAGR: 10.7%) 4 6 (a) ICT R&D ICT., ICT R&D 4 6 (b) ( ) ICT R&D ( ). ICT 4 6 (c) ICT ICT ICT. ICT 21) Office machinery and computers ICT ICT. ICT R&D ( GAGR: 9.2%) ICT 4 6 (e) ICT. 21) ICT PCT (2011 ) Office machinery and computers 3.07( / ), Electronic components 0.06( / ), Television, radio and communication equipment 0.71( / ).

119 4 ICT R&D (a) ICT R&D (b) ICT R&D (c) ICT ( ) (d) ICT (e) :.

120 116 ICT R&D, ICT, ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D ICT , ICT %, % ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) :

121 4 ICT R&D , ICT R&D,, ICT. ICT R&D., ICT R&D, ICT. 4 7 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %) , ICT % ICT R&D, ICT, ICT. ICT R&D 2001, %

122 118., ICT R&D, ICT ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) ( ) (2000 = 0, : %)

123 4 ICT R&D , ICT %, % ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D 2007, ICT R&D %., ICT, ICT,., ICT ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD)

124 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %) , ICT % ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD)

125 4 ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D 2001, 2005, %. ICT, ICT. ICT, ICT R&D ( ) (2000 = 0, : %) , ICT 32.8%. ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D

126 , 2007., ICT ICT., ICT R&D, ICT,., 4 19 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) () (2000 = 0, : %)

127 4 ICT R&D 123 ICT R&D , ICT %, %, % 14.6%.. ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D, ICT, ICT,. ICT R&D ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD)

128 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %) , ICT % ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD)

129 4 ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D 2004, 2006, 2008, ICT R&D., ICT ICT., ICT, ICT ( ) (2000 = 0, : %) 3.,,

130 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) ICT 25.2%, 21.3%, 14.6%, 85.9%, 32.8%, 4.3%, 16.2%, 166.6%., 8. ICT ICT R&D, ICT R&D,, R&D ICT ICT 20.4% (5.7%), (1.0%), (2.6%).

131 4 ICT R&D ICT ( : ) ( : %) (a) ICT (b) ICT ( ) ICT R&D ICT 58.0%, 35.3%. ICT,, ICT, ICT.,, ICT. ICT R&D. 5 ICT R&D ICT ICT R&D, ICT,. ICT R&D ICT ICT

132 128., ICT, ICT, ICT. ICT ICT. ICT % %, ( ) ( ) ( % ). ICT ICT R&D, 2000 ICT. ICT ICT R&D. ICT R&D. ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT R&D. ICT ICT ICT. ICT Office machinery and computers

133 4 ICT R&D 129 ICT ICT. ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT. ICT. ICT., ICT. ICT R&D,.,,. ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT..

134 130 5 ICT R&D 1 1., 1961,, ( ),. 1973, (WIPO), 1980 (Paris Convention), 1984 (Patent Cooperation Treaty) ,,, , 1996,

135 5 ICT R&D 131, 1998, 2008 (Layout)., BM ,542 10, %(1,190 ), %(1,727 ), %(2,202 )...,. 20 ( 88 )., 5 ( 89 ) , WTO TRIPs ,.

136 (incentive). R&D,,.,. R&D.,. ( 5 2 ).,. (, 2012).

137 5 ICT R&D (, 2012).. 2.,.,,.,..,

138 ,. 22),., ( 99 2 ). 10%, 13 14%.. 48 (, 2014)., (, 2013) ),,,.

139 5 ICT R&D 135 (, 2013). (. 2013;, 2013 )., (CPR, Community Patent Review).,,. ICT 23),., (, 2009), 2010 ( 5 1 ( :, %) 3 0.4% 6 0.8% % % : 23) (2008 ) (25.6 ), (27 ) (, 2009).

140 136.,, ICT ICT,.. ICT 24) A 2011 IPR Portfolio. 2009, , Drafting. ( ). A NPE. 24) KISDI ( )

141 5 ICT R&D A : KISDI ( ) B.,, IPR (CapEx/OpEx). B IPR (1 ), ( :, : ). IPR (2012 (9 ) 2013 (16 )) Patent Map, /, /, ( /) IPR Portfolio. / IPR Portfolio (2 ), IP DB. ( ),.,

142 138,. IPR (3 ). B,,,. 5 4 B IPR : KISDI ( ) IPR Portfolio..,,,, IPR Portfolio

143 5 ICT R&D :,,,,. R&D. /,,, ,

144 140,..,,.,, (, 2007)... / ( ).,.,, NPE (Patent Pool) NPE.

145 5 ICT R&D ),,..,, R&D R&D., (TLO),.,., DB.,, EU, DB DB. R&D,, 25) 500, ,000, ,715 (, ).

146 142. NPE 26), M&A. M&A,.,., R&D. 27),. R&D,. 26) LG TV M&A.. 27),.

147 5 ICT R&D ,.,.,...,.,, 16 (2011 ), 30 (, 2012)., 5 2 IP. 28)., 28), UI,,,,,.

148 IP IP IP IP IP M&A IP / IP Acacia Research, Lemelson Foundation Coller IP Capital, Intellectural Ventures, RPX InterDigital, Rambus, Qualcomm Fairfield Resources, IPValue Altitude Capital, Rembrandt, IP Management ThinkFire, Bramson&Pressman Analytic Capital,, PCT Capital IPA GmbH, IPAuctions.com InnoCentive, Patent Bid-Ask IP SW IP,, /IP Paradox Capital, IPEG Consulting BV alset IP, UCC Capital Intellectural Assets, The Patent Board BTG, UTEK, Texelerate, Gathering 2.0, Patent Freedom Open Innovation Network, AST IgnitIP, New Venture Partners Ocean Tomo Indexes, Patent Board WSJ Scorecard,,.,.

149 5 ICT R&D IP (IRC Definition of Research and Development Expenditure) (,, ),, ( )(SIFIDE ),. IP. IP.,,... IP IP,.,

150 (Uniform Trust Code) 3,.,....,..

151 147 KISDI ( ) (2011), ICT II(ICT masterplan for development: Lessons from policy practices of Korea), 11-19,. ( ( ), R&D, pp.ii iii., -, 9, , (2010), :,, 19 2, pp (2013), ICT R&D, ,. (2014), ICT,, ,. (2014),, 2013,. (2013),,, p.21. (2008),,, 17, pp

152 148 ( ), R&D. ( ),,. ( ) ICT. (2013), ICT R&D ( ) (2013),,, 30 1, pp (2011),, CEO Information, 823. ( ),, ,000 (2013), :,, 8 3. (2013),,, 16 3, pp (2005), R&D,, ,. (2009), 08, ,, p.20. (2007), :,. (2013), ICT R&D,, ,. (2009),,

153 149, p.4. (2010),, Issue Paper, ,. (2012), 2011 (, ) IT,. (2011), ICT, 11-32,. 18 (2012),,. (2005),,, pp (2012), ICT:,, (2013), NPEs (AIA),, 71. (2014), ICT,, ,. (2001),,, 10, ( ), p.36. (2010),, , p.6. ( ),. (2009),,. (2012),,.

154 150 (2012),, ISSUE PAPER, (2014), ( ) (2007),,. (2010),,, PATENT21. Andreas, R., Fabin, U., Comparing business R&D across countries over time: a decomposition exercise using data for the EU27, Applied Economics Letters, Vol.19, 2012, pp Ang, B.W., Zhang, F.Q., Choi, L.H., Factorizing changes in energy and environmental indicators through decomposition, Energy, Vol.23, Ang, B. W., Decomposition methodology in industrial energy demand analysis, Energy, Vol.20, 1995, pp Ang, B. W. and Zhang, F. Q., Inter-regional comparisons of energy-related CO2 emissions using the decomposition technique, Energy, Vol.24, 1999, pp Boyd, G. A., McDonald, J.F., Ross, M., Hanson, D.A., Separating the changing composition of US manufacturing production from energy efficiency improvements: a divisia index approach, The Energy Journal, Vol.8, 1987, pp Casler, S., Rose A., Carbon dioxide emissions in the US economy: a structural decomposition analysis, Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol.11, Chang, Y.F., Lin, S.J., Structural decomposition of industrial CO2 emission in Taiwan: an input-output approach, Energy Policy, Vol.26, 5-12 Chernesky(2009). Patents as Weapons in Economic Warefare, Intellectual Asset Management Magazine, 48.

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156 152 steel industry, Energy Policy, Vol.30, 2002, pp Liaska, K., Mavrotas, G., Mandaraka, M., Diakoulaki, D., Decomposition of industrial CO2 emission: the case of European Union, Energy Economics, Vol.22, 2000, pp Lin, S.L., Chang, T.C., Decomposition of SO2, NOx and CO2 emissions from energy use of major economic sector in Taiwan, The Energy Journal, Vol.17, 1996, pp Lise, W., Decomposition of CO2 emissions over in Turkey, Energy Policy, Vol.34, 2006, pp Munksgaard, J., Pederson, K.A., Wein, M., Impact of household consumption on CO2 emissions, Energy Economics, Vol.22, Nag, B. and J. K. Parikh., Carbon emission coefficient of power consumption in India: baseline determination from the demand side, Energy Policy, Vol.33, 2005, pp Pietro, M.P.C., Constantin, C., Keith, S., Alexander, T., Mike, T., Does Europe perform too little corporate R&D? A comparison of EU and non-eu corporate R&D performance, Research Policy, Vol.39, 2010, pp Potter, S.(2011). Intellectual Property Rights, Licensing, and Innovation in an Endogenous Product-Cycle Model, Journal of International Economics, Vol.53, pp Sakakibara, M., and L. Branstetter(2001). Do Stronger Patents Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the 1988 Japanese Patent Law Reforms, Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 32, pp Schmoch, U., Laville, F., Patel, P., Frietsch, R., Linking Technology Areas to Industrial Sectors, Final Report to the European Commission, DG Research, 2003, Paris. S.Paul and R.N.Bhattacharya, CO2 emission from energy use in India: a decomposition analysis, Energy Policy, Vol.32, 2004, pp

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158 154 KSIC-ISIC Corresponding Table ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Production, processing and preserving of meat and meat products Processing and preserving of fish and fish products Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables 1010 Processing and preserving of meat Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables ,

159 155 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1514 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 1040 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats Manufacture of dairy products 1050 Manufacture of dairy products Manufacture of grain mill products 1061 Manufacture of grain mill products Manufacture of starches and starch products 1062 Manufacture of starches and starch products Manufacture of prepared animal feeds 1080 Manufacture of prepared animal feeds Manufacture of bakery products 1071 Manufacture of bakery products Manufacture of sugar 1072 Manufacture of sugar Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery 1073 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery 10713

160 156 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products Manufacture of other food products n.e.c Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes Manufacture of other food products n.e.c. Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters 10730, ,

161 157 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1551 Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits; ethyl alcohol production from fermented materials 1101 Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits Manufacture of wines 1102 Manufacture of wines Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 1103 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters 1104 Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters Manufacture of tobacco products 1200 Manufacture of tobacco products Preparation and spinning of textile fibres; weaving of textiles 1311 Preparation and spinning of textile fibres

162 158 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Weaving of textiles Finishing of textiles 1313 Finishing of textiles , 1721 Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel 1392 Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel

163 159 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of carpets and rugs 1393 Manufacture of carpets and rugs 13910, 1723 Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting 1394 Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics Manufacture of knitted and crocheted apparel

164 160 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel Dressing and dyeing of fur; manufacture of articles of fur Tanning and dressing of leather 1511 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel , Manufacture of articles of fur Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur

165 161 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1912 Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness 1512 Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness Manufacture of footwear 1520 Manufacture of footwear Sawmilling and planing of wood 1610 Sawmilling and planing of wood Manufacture of veneer sheets; manufacture of plywood, laminboard, particle board and other panels and boards Manufacture of builders' carpentry and joinery Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels Manufacture of builders' carpentry and joinery ,, 16211,

166 162 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2023 Manufacture of wooden containers 1623 Manufacture of wooden containers Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard 16232, , 17129

167 163 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers of paper and paperboard Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard Publishing of books, brochures and other publications Publishing of newspapers, journals and periodicals Publishing of music 5920 Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers of paper and paperboard Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard

168 164 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2219 Other publishing Printing 1811 Printing Service activities related to printing 1812 Service activities related to printing Reproduction of recorded media 1820 Reproduction of recorded media Manufacture of coke oven products 1910 Manufacture of coke oven products Manufacture of refined petroleum products 2330 Processing of nuclear fuel 2411 Manufacture of basic chemicals, except fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 1920 Manufacture of refined petroleum products Manufacture of basic chemicals

169 165 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description , 2412 Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 2012 Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 20201, Manufacture of plastics in primary forms and of synthetic rubber 2013 Manufacture of plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products 2021 Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products

170 166 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations , 20433

171 167 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2429 Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. Manufacture of magnetic and optical media Manufacture of man-made fibres 2030 Manufacture of man-made fibres Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres 2211 Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres Manufacture of other rubber products 2219 Manufacture of other rubber products

172 168 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of plastics products 2220 Manufacture of plastics products 22211,, 22212, , , 22299

173 169 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of glass and glass products Manufacture of non-structural non-refractory ceramic ware Manufacture of refractory ceramic products Manufacture of structural non-refractory clay and ceramic products Manufacture of glass and glass products Manufacture of other porcelain and ceramic products Manufacture of refractory products Manufacture of clay building materials ,

174 170 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster ,, 2696 Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone 2396 Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone

175 171 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2699 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c , Manufacture of basic iron and steel 2410 Manufacture of basic iron and steel ,

176 172 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2720 Manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals 2420 Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals 24211, 24212, ,, 24221, ,, Casting of iron and steel 2431 Casting of iron and steel Casting of non-ferrous metals 2432 Casting of non-ferrous metals Manufacture of structural metal products 2511 Manufacture of structural metal products ,,

177 173 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy Treatment and coating of metals; general mechanical engineering on a fee or contract basis Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy Treatment and coating of metals; machining

178 174 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c

179 175 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines Manufacture of other pumps, compressors, taps and valves Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment 2811 Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines Manufacture of fluid power equipment Manufacture of other pumps, compressors, taps and valves Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment , ,

180 176 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery Manufacture of machine tools Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery Manufacture of power-driven hand tools Manufacture of metal-forming machinery and machine tools , ,

181 177 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production Manufacture of weapons and ammunition Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production Manufacture of weapons and ammunition Manufacture of military fighting vehicles Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery ,,,

182 178 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description , Manufacture of domestic appliances 2750 Manufacture of domestic appliances Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery 2620 Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment

183 179 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus Manufacture of insulated wire and cable * 2710* 2710* Manufacture of office machinery and equipment(except computers and peripheral equipment) Manufacture of electronic components and boards Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus , , Manufacture of wiring devices Manufacture of fibre optic cables Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables 28302

184 180 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3140 Manufacture of accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries 2720 Manufacture of batteries and accumulators Manufacture of electric lamps and lighting equipment 2740 Manufacture of electric lighting equipment * Manufacture of other electrical equipment Manufacture of other electrical equipment n.e.c. 2790* Manufacture of other electrical equipment * Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles Manufacture of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components 2610* Manufacture of electronic components and boards 26110

185 181 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3220 Manufacture of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy 2630 Manufacture of communication equipment 26120,

186 182 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods Manufacture of medical and surgical equipment and orthopaedic appliances Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except industrial process control equipment 2640 Manufacture of consumer electronics * Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment ,

187 183 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of industrial process control equipment Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment 2651* 2670 Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment 27212, 27213, ,,, , Manufacture of watches and clocks 2652 Manufacture of watches and clocks Manufacture of motor vehicles 2910 Manufacture of motor vehicles

188 184 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Manufacture of bodies(coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semitrailers Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines Building and repairing of ships 3011 Manufacture of bodies(coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semitrailers Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles Building of ships and floating structures

189 185 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description Building and repairing of pleasure and sporting boats Manufacture of railway and tramway locomotives and rolling stock 3012 Building of pleasure and sporting boats Manufacture of air and spacecraft 3030 Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery , Manufacture of motorcycles 3091 Manufacture of motorcycles Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c Manufacture of furniture 3100 Manufacture of furniture

190 186 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3691 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles 3211 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles Manufacture of musical instruments 3220 Manufacture of musical instruments Manufacture of sports goods 3230 Manufacture of sports goods , Manufacture of games and toys 3240 Manufacture of games and toys

191 187 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3699 Other manufacturing n.e.c Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles Other manufacturing n.e.c ,

192

193 (,, ) N (,,, ) (,, ) (,,, ) ICT (,, ) (, ) ( ) SW ( ) (,, ) ( ) ICT (, ) (,, ) : (, ) (,, ) (,, ) : ( ) ICT (III) ( ) OECD (STRI) (,,, ) (,,, )

194 12 20 (,,, ) (I) (,,, ) e- (,, ) (,, ) (,, ) (,,,, ) (,,, ) (,, ) (,, ) (, ) : (,, ) (,, ) (, ) (,, ) ICT (R&D) (,, ) (VOD) (,, ) N (,,, ) (, )

195 13 16 (, ) (,,,, ) (II) (,,, ) (II) (,,,, ) ICT R&D : (IP) (,, ) ICT (,,, ) (, ) : (,,, ) : (, ) (, ) ICT (, ) (,,,,, ) ICT, : (, ) ICT M&A : (,, ) (,, ) ICT (, ) CGE (, )

196 14 14 (, ) (II) (,,,, )

197 ICT (, ) ( ) VOD (,, ) ( ) (, ) (, ) (, ) IT (,, ) (2012 ) ( ) ICT ( ) ( ) (,,,, ) SNS (,, ) (,, ) (, ) ICT ( ) ( ) (,,, ) ICT ( ) ( )

198 12 21 ( ) ICT (,,, ) ( ) (, ) ( ) ICT ( ) (mvoip) ( ) ~2013 ( ) MVNO (,, ) (,,, ) (,,, ) ( ) (,, ) (,,, ) (, ) (,, ) TV (, ) (,,, ) (,

199 , ) (, ) (,, ) (, ) (,,, ) ICT (,, ) ICT (,,, ) (,,, ) ( ) UPU (,, ) (,, ) : ( ) KI (,, ) ( ) ( ) (,, ) (,,, ) ( ) (,,, ) (ICT ) (,,

200 ,,,,, ) IC (,, ) (2013 ) ( ) ICT (,,,, ) (,,, ) ICT (,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ) (,,, ) (,,,,,, ) ICT (,, ) ICT ICT (,,,, ) ICT R&D (,,, ) (,,,,, ) ICT (,,,,,, ) (,,,,,,, ) ICT (,,,,,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,,,, )

201 CPND (,,,,,,, ) MVNO MVNO (,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) (,,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) LTE (,,,, ) (,,,,,,,, ) (,,,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) (,,, ) (,, )

202 13 33 (,, ) (,,, ) (,,,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,, ) (,,,, ) ICT (ODA) (,,,,,, ) (,, ) (,,,, ) (,, ) (,,,,,,,,,,,, ) : ITU-KCC 3 (,,,,, ) (,,, ) (,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) ICT (,,,,,,,,,,,, )

203 (,,,, ) (,, ) (hyper-connected society) (,,, ) ICT (,,,,,, ) 2.0 (,,,,, ) Digital Dividend (,,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) 2013 KI (,, ) 2013,, ( ) 2013 (, ) (,, ) 2013 (,,,, ) (,,,, ) IT (,,,,, ) 2013 ( ) (,,, ) ICT (,,,,,,,,,,,,,

204 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ) (,,,,,,,,,,,,, ),, (,,,,,,,, ) EU FTA (,, ) (,, ) (,,, ) (,,, ) : (,,, ) DMB (, ) (,,, ) (,,, ) (,, ) ICT (, ) ICT (,,, ) ICT (,, ) (2014 ) ( ) (,,, ) (,,, )

205 14 19 (,, ) (,, ) ICT All-IP (,, ) (,, ) (,, ) PSTN CDMA (,, ) (,,,,,,, ) (,,,,, ) (,,,,, ) (, ) (,,,,,, ) (,,, ) (,, ) (,, ) (,,, ) (,,, ) (,,, ) (,, ) (,,,,

206 ) TV (,,, ) (, ) (,,, ) (,,,,,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) 2015 ICT (,,,,,, ) FTA (,, ) ICT (,,,, ) ICT (APCICT) (,, ) (,, ) ( ) (,, ) (,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,,,, ) (,,, ) (,,, )

207 14 55 (KI ) (, ) (,,, ) ICT II (,,,,,,,,,,, ) (,,, ) (Post-Human) (,,,,,,,, ) ICT (,,, ) (,,,,,,,, ) (,,, ) (,,,, ) FTA (,,, ) ITU (ITU-D) (,, ) (,,,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,, ) (,,, ) (,,,, )

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