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57 5 2011 701 25 The Nightingale A Conversational Poem Written in April 1798 1798 Lyrical Ballads 1798 Advertisement

1 The Nightingale A Conversational Poem Written in April Lyrical Ballads 1798 Advertisement conversation 1798 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1798 William Wordsworth John E Jordan Lewti Or The Circassian Love Chaunt

2 Susan Luther Frank Doggett 547 Percy Bysshe Shelley 1798 Jack Stillinger Multiple Authorship and the Myth of Solitary Genius Zachary Leader Revision and Romantic Authorship 1 Beauty and Moonlight An Ode Fragment Nicias Erythraeus Morning Post Cottle 500 D F Foxon Colwell 68 70

3 703 Paul Magnuson Reading Public Romanticism W J B Owen 4 McLean Harper The Eolian Harper This Lime Tree Bower My Prison Frost at Midnight 1798 Biographia Literaria

4 704 Jerome McGann Jeffrey Robinson Ulin the Logos or communicative intelligence Letters British Critic William Cowper The Task Smith Sibylline Leaves

5 I Frost at Midnight No 1 3 No cloud, no relique of the sunken day Distinguish the West, no long thin slip Of sullen Light, no obscure trembling hues. Bernstein Hopkins Enright 489 William Collins Thomas Gray To the Nightingale 2

6 706 4 Oxford English Dictionary You see the glimmer of the stream beneath. But hear no murmuring: it flows silently O er its soft bed of verdure. Adam Sisman Alfoxden doggerel 4

7 And hark! the Nightingale begins its song, Most musical, most melancholy Bird! A melancholy Bird? O idle thought! In nature there is nothing melancholy. Morris G S O Charles James Fox The Early Letters Il Penseroso Sweet bird that shunn st the noise of folly Most musical most melancholy 61 62

8 708 John Wilson The Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge George Berkeley Magnuson 37 Robert Southey

9 Albert Gerard Timothy Enright This Lime Tree Bower My Prison Letters Morris Frost at Midnight G S Morris sacramental act One life diastolic systolic On Poesy or Art Expostulation and Reply 24 Burwick 177 Gene M Bernstein 2 the secondary imagination 256

10 Lines Written in Early Spring 1 The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere II a different lore 41 Teaching Lehre lore 10 Paradise Lost Lycidas Comus

11 711 different Tis the merry Nightingale That crowds, and hurries, and precipitates With fast thick warble his delicious notes, As he were fearful, that an April night Would be too short for him to utter forth His love-chant, and disburden his full soul Of all its music!

12 712 Tereus They answer and provoke each other s songs With skirmish and capricious passagings, And murmurs musical and swift jug jug And one low piping sound more sweet than all Stirring the air with such an harmony, That should you close your eyes, you might almost Forget it was not day! 5 351

13 713 Fred V Randel Peter Barry Holstein 217 Frederick Schiller

14 Morris Dickstein III Il Penseroso 11 Dorothy Wordsworth Lectures on Shakespeare and Milton at Bristol Lectures and Notes 459

15 Anti- Jacobin Magazine and Review James Gillray The New Morality Charles Lamb Robert Southey Charles Lloyd Roe 76 Johnston Thomas McFarland Kathleen Wheeler The Eolian Harp 90

16 The Tables Turned pathetic fallacy Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche On Truth and Lie in an Extra Moral Sense The Tables Turned

17 Descriptive Sketches An Evening Walk 15 Anya Taylor 38

18 Lines Left upon a Seat in a Yew tree 16 Ruined Cottage The Pedlar Brian Goldberg 335 This Lime Tree Bower My Prison Charles Lamb 16 Lucy Newlyn 45

19 My dear Babe, Who, capable of no articulate sound, Mars all things with his imitative lisp, How he would place his hand beside his ear, His little hand, the small forefinger up And bid us listen! And I deem it wise To make him Nature s playmate. Frederick Burwick Letters

20 Well It is a father s tale. But if that Heaven Should give me life, his childhood shall grow up Familiar with these songs, that with the night He may associate Joy! Once more farewell, Sweet Nightingale! once more, my friends! farewell Anecdote for Fathers Gene M Bernstein 250

21 721 Shakespearean Criticism William Godwin Letters John Thelwall Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement Horace Satires Sermoni propriora more appropriate for a sermon Magnuson The Conversation Poems 32 Wu Elizabeth T McLaughlin

22 Barry, Peter. Coleridge the Revisionary: Surrogacy and Structure in the Conversation Poems. The Review of English Studies, New Series 51 (2000): Bernstein. Gene M. Self-creating Artifices: Coleridgean Imagination and

23 723 Language. Modern Philology 76 (1979): Burwick, Frederick. Coleridge s Conversation Poems: Thinking the Thinker. Romanticism (2008): Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Biographia Literaria. Ed. James Engell and W. Jackson Bate. Princeton: Princeton UP, Lectures and Notes on Shakespeare and Other English Poets. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing Company, On Poesy or Art. The Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Ed. James Dykes Campbell. London: Macmillan, The Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 6 vols. Ed. E. L. Griggs. Vol 1. Oxford: Clarendon P, Shakespearean Criticism. 2 vols. Ed. T. M. Raysor. Vol 1. London: Dent, Colwell, Fredric S. Riverman: A Romantic Iconography of the River and the Source. Montreal: McGill-Queen s UP, Dickstein, Morris. Coleridge, Wordsworth, and the Conversation Poems. The Centennial Review 16 (1972): Doggett, Frank. Romanticism s Singing Bird. Studies in English Literature, (1974): Enright, Timothy P. Sing, Mariner: Identity and Temporality in Coleridge s The Nightingale. SiR 33 (1994): Foxon, D. F. The Printing of Lyrical Ballads, The Library 9 (1954): Gérard, Albert. The Systolic Rhythm: The Structure of Coleridge s Conversation Poems. English Criticism 10 (1960): Goldberg, Brian. Ministry More Palpable : William Wordsworth and the Making of Romantic Professionalism. SiR 36.3 (1997): Holstein, Michael E. Poet into Priest: A Reading of Coleridge s Conversation Poems. University of Toronto Quarterly 58.3 (1979): Hopkins, R. H. Coleridge s Parody of Melancholy Poetry in The Nightingale. English Studies 49 (1968): Johnston, Kenneth R. The Hidden Wordsworth. New York: W. W. Norton, Jordan, John E. Why Lyrical Ballads? The Background, Writing, and Character of Wordsworth s 1798 Lyrical Ballads. Berkeley: U of California P, Leader, Zachary. Revision and Romantic Authorship. Oxford: Oxford UP, Luther, Susan. A Different Lore : Coleridge s The Nightingale. The Wordsworth Circle 20.2 (1989): Magnuson, Paul. Reading Public Romanticism. Princeton: Princeton UP, The Conversation Poem. The Cambridge Companion to Coleridge.

24 724 Ed. Lucy Newlyn. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, McFarland, Thomas. Romanticism and the Forms of Ruin: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Modalities of Fragmentation. Princeton: Princeton UP, McLaughlin, Elizabeth T. Coleridge and Milton. Studies in Philology 61.3 (1964): Morris, G. S. Sound, Silence, and Voice in Meditation: Coleridge, Berkeley, and the Conversation Poems. Christianity and Literature 55.1 (2005): Newlyn, Lucy. Coleridge, Wordsworth, and the Language of Allusion. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Randel, Rred V. Coleridge and the Contentiousness of Romantic Nightingales. SiR 21 (1982): Roe, Nicholas. The Politics of Nature. William Wordsworth and Some Contemporaries. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave, Schiller, Frederick. Aesthetical and Philosophical Essays. Teddington: The Echo Library, Sisman, Adam. Wordsworth and Coleridge. The Friendship. London: Harper Perennial Smith, Elsie. An Estimate of William Wordsworth. By his Contemporaries New York: Haskell House, Stillinger, Jack. Multiple Authorship and the Myth of Solitary Genius. Oxford: Oxford UP, Taylor, Anya. A Father s Tale : Coleridge Foretells the Life of Hartley. SiR 30 (1991): Ulin, Donald. Texts, Revision, History: Reading Historically in the Undergraduate Survey. College Literature 34.3 (2007): Wheeler, Kathleen M. The Creative Mind in Coleridge s Poetry. Cambridge: Harvard UP, Wordsworth, Dorothy. Grasmere and Alfoxden Journals. Ed. Pamela Woof. Oxford: Oxford UP, Wordsworth, William. The Early Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth ( ). Ed. Ernest De Selincourt. Oxford: Oxford UP, Wordswoth, William, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Lyrical Ballads. Ed. W. J. B. Owen. Oxford: Oxford UP, Wu, Duncan, ed. Romanticism. An Anthology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell,

25 725 The Conversational Revisionism of The Nightingale Abstract Hyeuk Kyu Joo (Gyeongsang National U) This paper attempts to read The Nightingale as an experimental proponent of Lyrical Ballads of 1798, one that inaugurated British Romanticism. It is never accidental for this poem to come to replace Lewti at the last moment of publication and to be tied to the poetic principles manifested in the Advertisement of the 1798 volume. The speaker of this poem, for example, is an ordinary man, who presents himself as a friend and a loving father. Opting for conversational styles rather than blindly copying literary conceits, he even incorporates an evening episode he happens to recall into a legitimate subject matter. The notion of conversation, which appears in the subtitle, offers a key to figuring out the ideal of poetic language, the figure of the poet, and compositional procedures Coleridge and Wordsworth proposed in their collaborative project. The Nightingale can be a dubious, if not totally failed, poetical journey to subverting an incidence of misnaming acts. He finally reaches the limits of poetic figuration in a process of textualizing nature. The leitmotif of In nature there is nothing melancholy testifies to the fact that the bird nightingale, which the narrator is hard at work to rename as a joyous bird, is nothing but a poetic metaphor. The Nightingale is more likely to be a revisional, regenerative performance based on the strategy of conversation than an embodiment of a daring novelty. Key Words: Lyrical Ballads, Coleridge, Wordsworth, The Nightingale, conversation

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