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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 5 pp , 배영현 1,2, 이석민 2* 1 삼성서울병원재활의학과, 2 삼육대학교물리치료학과 The Effects of Motor Control and Strengthening Exercise on Secondary Shoulder Impingement Syndrome at Postmastectomy Young-Hyeon Bae 1,2 and Suk-Min Lee 2* 1 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center 2 Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University 요약본연구의목적은운동조절과근력강화운동이유방절제술후기능부전이악화되어유발된견관절충돌증후군환자에게미치는영향을알아보고자한다. 유방절제술후기능부전이악화되어이차적으로유발된 1-2단계견관절충돌증후군 20명을무작위로실험군 10명, 대조군 10명으로나누었다. 두군모두보조적치료 4주간주당 4회 40 분씩받았다. 실험군은추가적으로운동조절과근력강화운동을 60분간실시하였다. 평가측정은실험군과대조군모두실험전과후에악력, 통증강도, 상지둘레, 상지의불편감정도와관절가동범위를측정하였다. 본연구의결과는실험군과대조군간에관절가동범위, 상지의불편감정도에서유의한차이 (p<.05) 를보였고악력, 통증강도, 상지둘레는유의한차이를보이지않았다. 이런결과들은운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램이유방절제술후기능부전이악화되어이차적으로유발된견관절충돌증후군에안전하면서효과가높은방법임을알수있었다. Abstract This study was to identify treatment effects of the shoulder control and strengthening exercise, on the subjects with secondary shoulder impingement syndrome at postmastectomy. The subjects were patients who visited our hospital due to secondary shoulder impingement syndrome(1-2 stage) at postmastectomy and they randomly allocated to two groups: a shoulder control and strengthening group (n=10) and a conservative therapy group (n=10). Both groups received conservative therapy for 5 sessions (40 minutes per week) for 4week. The shoulder control and strengthening exercises group practiced additional motor control and strengthening exercises for 60 minutes. Values of handgrip strength, pain(visual analog scale), upper extremity circumference, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, range of motion were compared with those of the conservative therapy group. There were significant differences in the amount of change of the range of motion and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale between the two groups (p<.05), however as a measure of handgrip strength, pain(visual analog scale), upper extremity circumference did not show a significant differences. These results suggest that a motor control and strengthening exercise program is feasible, secure and suitable for secondary shoulder impingement syndrome at postmastectomy. Key Words : Mastectomy, Shoulder impingement syndrome, Motor control, Strengthening exercise * Corresponding Author : Suk-Min Lee Tel: leesm@syu.ac.kr 접수일 12 년 02 월 09 일수정일 (1 차 12 년 02 월 29 일, 2 차 12 년 03 월 07 일, 3 차 12 년 03 월 13 일 ) 게재확정일 12 년 05 월 10 일 2240
2 1. 서론 유방암치료는수술치료, 방사선치료및항암화학요법이병행되고있으며, 최근수술치료중유방절제술은유방과겨드랑이부분의림프절을제거하고가슴근육은보존하는변형근치적유방절제술과유방조직일부와겨드랑이부분의림프절확청을시행하는부분유방절제술이이용되어진다 [1]. 유방절제술후근육의길이가짧아지고근력이약해지며, 방사선치료와항암화학요법으로인해약화가가중되어견관절의기능부전이발생하게된다 [2,3]. 따라서, 항암치료와방사선치료를받은유방절제술환자의장애, 기능부전및활동제한의연구를살펴보면수술 6개월후에통증은목과어깨에서 40.6%, 팔에서 12.5%, 겨드랑이반흔에서 35.9%, 상지에서 20.3% 와견관절움직임제한 15.6% 를호소하였다. 그리고수술 12개월후에는통증은목과어깨에서 42.2%, 팔에서 26.6% 를, 겨드랑이반흔에서 39.1%, 상지에서 26.6% 와견관절움직임제한 26.6% 를호소하며적절한치료와교육을받지못하였을때견관절의기능부전이악화되어시간이경과할수록통증및움직임제한이증가하는경향을보였고 [2], 견관절각각의움직임제한은굴곡 48.5%, 신전 12.6%, 외전 52.2%, 내전 10.1%, 내회전 57.9% 와외회전 34% 를나타내었다 [4]. 견관절충돌증후군은전체견관절질환의 44-65% 를차지하고견갑상완관절및견갑흉곽관절의부적절한움직임, 견갑상완의근력저하, 비정상적인근조절, 불충분한혈액공급, 퇴행변화와외상으로일상생활에서의움직임을제한하여견관절충돌증후군을일으키게된다 [5,6]. Neer(1993) 은견관절통증의주요원인으로충돌증후군을언급하면서연속적인질환의개념으로세단계를소개하였다. 1, 2단계충돌증후군과 3단계인회전근개파열은형태학적으로회전근개의구조적인연속성의소실인파열로구분된다 [7]. 견관절은넓은관절가동범위를갖는만큼불안정성이발생한가능성이높아, 움직임시최적의운동성과안정성이필요하다. 따라서, 견관절충돌증후군을치료하기위해견관절의근력과안정성회복이중요한요소이다 [8]. 그리고, 견관절의통증은견봉하공간의감소, 견관절의불안정성, 비정상적근긴장, 근육의저긴장, 근약화, 견갑상완관절및견갑흉곽관절의부적절한움직임과근육의조절능력이감소함으로써팔을들때특히, 앞으로올릴때악화되는경향을보인다 [8-11]. 선행연구에서견관절충돌증후군치료를위한비술수적중재로견관절점액낭에약물치료, 보조기사용, 초음 파, 전기치료, 스트레칭, 근력강화운동, 도수치료, 안정화운동등다양한치료적접근에대한연구가진행되었고효과가증명되었다 [12-14]. 최근, 임상에서는견관절충돌증후군을치료하기위해견관절의적절한움직임및견갑골주위근육을강화하는목적의운동프로그램방법이주목을받고있다. 그리고, 이렇게적절한운동프로그램을시행함으로써움직임회복뿐만아니라장기적으로자세교정및올바른움직임을수행하도록하는데도움을준다고하였으며 [11,15], 근골격계손상환자의지속되는부적절한움직임을회복하기위해피드백방법을이용하여대뇌피질의재조직화를유도함으로써올바른운동전략을수행하고동적인안정성을향상시킬수있다고하였다. 그리고, 이방법은정상움직임이견봉하조직의통증과염증을회복케한다는이론이밑바탕에존재한다 [11,15]. Roy 등 (2009) 은운동조절을바탕으로한중재가견관절충돌증후군환자에서견관절의뼈와근육의비정상적인움직임을개선하고견갑상완관절, 견갑흉곽관절및흉골쇄골관절의불안정성을개선하였다. 그리고운동학적측면에서, 이결과는견관절충돌증후군에서운동조절같은중재가움직임조절능력개선에서중요함을보여준다 [16]. 비록, 견관절충돌증후군을치료하기위해다양한운동프로그램에관한연구가다수보고되었고운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램적용에관한연구는 Roy 등 (2009), Bae 등 (2011) 이있었지만 [16-17] 단일군연구설계와일반적인충돌증후군환자를대상으로연구한제한점이존재하였다. 그리고유방절제술과더불어항암치료와방사선치료후견관절의기능부전이악화되어유발된견관절충돌증후군환자를대상으로한연구는거의없는실정이다. 따라서, 운동조절과근력강화운동이유방절제술과항암치료및방사선치료를받은후기능부전이악화되어유발된견관절충돌증후군환자의통증, 상완둘레, 악력, 상지의불편감정도와관절가동범위에미치는영향을알아보고유방절제술후유발된기능부전과이차적으로유발된견관절충돌증후군의치료에있어서기초연구자료를제공하고자한다. 2. 연구방법 2.1 연구대상자 본연구의대상자는유방절제술후항암치료와방사선치료를받고나서자가관리를하고있으나수술부위견 2241
3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 5 호, 2012 관절의기능부전이악화되어경기소재 N 종합병원재활의학과를내원한 1, 2단계견관절충돌증후군환자 20 명을대상으로하였다. 대상자들은 3가지기준항목중적어도한가지이상양성반응을보이고초음파로양성확인을받을사람을대상으로하였다. 기준항목은외전또는굴곡이통증호 ( 통증과관절가동범위제한 ) 를보일때, 니어충돌검사 (Neer impinge ment test) 나호킨스-케네디의충돌검사 (Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test) 에서양성반응시, 외회전과외전시저항을주면통증을호소하거나 Jobe test에서양성반응을보일때로구성되었다. 제외기준은유착성관절낭염, 석회화건염, 견관절불안정성, 회전근개손상과같이어깨질환의병력을가진사람, 경추추간관절증후군, 근막동통증후군, 림프부종과코드증후군으로인한운동제한이있는사람, 수술직후견관절의제한이악화되기시작한사람, 동반된어깨질환이나다른치료및수술을받은사람, 물리치료를받고있는사람으로하였다 [18]. 2.2 실험방법운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램은연구자를포함한물리치료사 2명이실시하였으며, 운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램에대해이해하고숙달된자로선정하였다. 운동프로그램을진행하는각치료사들의운동적용방법을동일하게하기위해사전에계획된운동프로그램을교육하였으며프로그램의절차에따라수행하도록하였다. 중재기간중 1주, 3주후에프로그램의동질성을위한모임을통해프로그램을조정하였다. 실험군에게는운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램을 4주간에걸쳐주 5회, 1일 60분간실시하였고대조군은실시하지않았다. 두군모두일반적물리치료를온열치료 20 분, 전기자극치료 15분, 초음파 5분으로주 5회, 1일총 40분을실시하였다. 운동프로그램진행중실험군과대조군모두탈락자는없었으며 4주간의중재후운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램군 10명과일반적물리치료군 10명은사전검사와동일한사후검사를받았다 복합운동프로그램본연구에서사용된복합운동프로그램은선행연구를바탕으로구성하였으며 [16], 운동조절과근력강화를통해통증감소와관절가동성증가를위한운동방법으로구성하였다. 운동은 4주에걸쳐주 5회씩연구자의감독하에수행되어졌다. 매회운동시간은전체약 60분으로구성하였으며준비운동 10분, 본운동 40분, 정리운동 10분으로수행하였다. 주차별로목적에따라점진적으로강도와 빈도를증가시켰으며, 모든운동을통증이없는범위내에서치료사의지도및감독하에실시하였다. 또한훈련을시작하기전에물리치료사가운동프로그램에대한교육을실시하고직접동작을시범보여이해를도왔으며, 운동시개인별신체상태나체력수준, 운동에대한이해를고려하여운동의강도와횟수를점차늘려시행하였다 운동조절운동조절방법은표 1과같다. 강도를결정하기위해견관절움직임조절과통증의정도를지표로삼는다. 중재는관상면, 시상면, 견갑면에서팔을거상하는동안견관절조절운동으로피드백을받으며 6단계를실시한다. 훈련은팔을올리는동안어깨에주는저항의수준은저항이없는수동운동상태에서능동보조운동, 외부저항이없는상태에서의능동운동, 외부의저항을적용한저항운동으로조절하고피드백사용유 무에따라운동강도를조절한다. 각각의단계는저항의유 무, 피드백의유 무에따라능동저항운동의범위내에서시행된다. 각단계에서관절가동범위는각수직면에서전관절가동범위의적절한조절이이루어질때견관절조절이향상됨으로서점점증가되어진다. 대상자가적절한조절로 20회반복이가능할때, 20회를 1세트로 3세트까지반복한다. 3 세트반복이가능하면, 대상자는다음단계훈련을진행한다 [16] 근력강화운동근력강화운동은팔에 0.45kg 무게의저항을걸고통증없이팔을들어올리는동작을수행할수있을때시작하도록하고회전근개와견갑골안정화와근육강화에목적을두고실시한다. 운동종류는견관절외전각도를 0 로두고탄력밴드 ( 빨강색 ~ 청색 ) 를이용한외회전과내회전운동, 수직에서점차적으로수평면으로자세를조절하여실시하는팔굽혀펴기운동, 바로누운자세에서아령 ( 시작시 0.45kg 무게 ) 을가지고수평으로외전하는운동으로, 총 3개의과제로구성되었다. 각과제는 20회씩 1 세트에서 3세트까지점차적으로강도를올려수행하고 3 세트를쉽게수행할수있을때저항을증가하도록한다 [16]. 2.3 연구도구및측정방법평가를위한도구는통증, 상완둘레, 악력, 상지의불편감정도및관절가동범위로나누어평가하였고, 모든평가는실험전 후에시행하였다. 모든평가는연구자에의해직접시행되었으며, 연구대상자는평가하기전평가에대한자세한설명을듣고충분한휴식으로피로감 2242
4 [ 표 1] 견갑골의이형성증에따른견관절운동조절과도수되먹임재훈련단계 [Table 1] Phases for retraining of shoulder control and manual feedback given according to scapular dyskinesis Phases Steps for retraining of shoulder control a Passive elevation Final position actively kept for 5 Active return with manual feedback if needed Verbal feedback 2a Active assisted elevation Final position actively kept for 5 Active return with manual feedback if needed Verbal feedback 3a Active elevation with manual feedback if needed Final position actively kept for 5 Active return with manual feedback if needed Verbal feedback 4a Phase 3, but without manual feedback 5 Phase 4, but without visual feedback 6 Phase 5, but with the elevation performed faster, and then with a load Types of dyskinesis 1 Description of the scapular dyskinesis Decrease of the scapular lateral rotation Manual feedback Guidance of lateral rotation with a lateral pressure on the inferior angle of the scapular 2 Tilt of the scapular inferior angle Restriction of the tilt with a anterior pressure on the inferior angle of the scapular 3 Elevation of the superior border of the scapula Restriction of the scapular elevation with a inferior pressure on the acromion Restriction of the tilt with a anterior pressure on the 4 Tilt of the medial scapular border medial border of the scapula Front of a mirror Assisted by the physiotherapist to reduce the load on the shoulder 이없는상태에서소음이나외부로부터의방해를받지않는독립된공간에서평가를받도록하였다. 평가도중어지럼증이나중한피로감이있을때는즉시평가를중지하도록하였으며평가자와평가보조자는연구대상자의상태를계속모니터링하였다 관절가동범위관절각도기를사용하여손바닥이아래로가게하여팔을앞으로곧게뻗은상태로원을그리듯이머리위로들어올린굴곡각도와손바닥이아래로가게하여옆으로원을그리듯이머리위로손바닥이바깥쪽을향하게들어올리는외전각도를측정한다. 이도구의신뢰도는급간내상관계수 0.97였다 [19] 악력악력계 (TANITA 6103, Japan) 을사용하여두발을편안하게벌리고두팔을아래로자연스럽게내린상태에서 손의쥐는힘을 2회측정한후최고기록을기록한다. 이도구의반응도는 0.65였다 [19] 상완둘레부종의정도는주두돌기에서 10 cm 근위부의상완둘레를줄자로측정하였고, 2회반복측정하여평균값을사용하였다. 이도구의신뢰도는급간내상관계수 0.94였다 [19] 상지의불편감정도상지의불편감정도측정을위해서한국형 Disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand(dash) Questionnaire을사용하였다. 한국형 DASH Questionnaire의크론-바흐알파계수는 0.94이며급간내상관계수는 0.91이었고측정방법은상지의불편감을평가하는 30가지항목에대해 5점 ( 전혀할수없음 ) 에서 1점 ( 어려움이없음 ) 으로구성된질문지를사용하여환자가직접표시하였다 [19]. 2243
5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 5 호, 통증강도통증강도측정을위한시각적통증척도 (Visual analogue scale) 는눈금이표시되어있지않은막대위에환자가느끼고있는통증의강도를표시하게한후시작점에서표시점까지의거리를 cm 단위로측정하여점수화하는방법으로, 통증의강도는 0에에서 10점까지나누어져있으며, 통증이없을때를 0으로, 참을수없는통증의강도를 10 으로정의하였다. 이도구의반응도는 0.72였다 [19]. 2.4 분석방법본연구의모든통계적분석은 SPSS 19.0을이용하였다. 모든자료는 Shapiro-Wilk 검정방법을통해정규성검정을하였고, 모든자료가정규분포함을확인하였다. 집단간의동질성을확인하기위해독립표본 t검정을실시하였다. 실험군과대조군의집단내전 후비교를위하여대응표본 t검정을실시하였고, 집단간차이를비교하기위하여독립표본 t검정을실시하였다. 모든통계적유의수준은 0.05이하로하였다. 3. 결과 3.1 연구대상자의일반적및의학적특성 대상자의일반적특성과의학적특성은표 2와같다. 실험군의평균나이는 46.2±7.7세, 병원에내원한시기는수술후 6.6±1.8개월이었고환측부위가우세팔 9명과비우세팔 6명, 수술의형태는부분유방절제술 8명과변형근치적유방절제술 7명, 견관절전방부위에압통이있는사람이 12명과전방및후방모두압통이있는사람은 3 명이었다. 대조군의평균나이는 45.9±7.9세, 병원에내원한시기는수술후 6.4±2.0개월이었고환측부위가우세팔 8명과비우세팔 7명, 수술의형태는부분유방절제술 9명과변형근치적유방절제술 6명, 견관절전방부위에압통이있는사람이 11명과전방및후방모두압통이있는사람은 4명이었다. 실험전관절가동범위 (0-180) 는굴곡에서실험군 ±9.54 와대조군 ±11.05, 외전에서실험군 ±8.38 와대조군 ±8.90, 시각적통증척도는실험군 5.87±0.99과대조군 5.47±1.19, 악력은실험군 [ 표 2] 대상자의일반적및의학적특성 [Table 2] General and disease-related characteristics of subjects Variables Experimental (n=10) Control (n=10) Total t/ P Age(year) 46.2± ± ± ns Post operation period(month) 6.6± ± ± ns Affected side Dominant Non dominant Type of operation Partial mastectomy Total mastectomy Tenderness to palpation Anterior Anterior and posterior ns ns ns ROM Flexion(0-180 ) ± ± ± ns Abduction(0-180 ) ± ± ± ns VAS for pain(0-10) 5.87± ± ± ns Handgrip Strength(Kg) 22.67± ± ± ns Circumference of upperarm(cm) 22.73± ± ± ns DASH(0-100) 26.00± ± ± ns Mean ± SD, ns = not significant ROM: Acitve range of motion, VAS: Visual analogue scale DASH: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire 2244
6 22.67±2.41 kg과대조군 22.53±2.23 kg, 상완둘레는실험군 22.73±1.19 cm와대조군 22.67±1.45, DASH questionnaire (0-100) 은실험군 26.00±3.82와 26.47±3.54로모두유의한차이를보이지않았다. 3.2 실험방법에따른전 후변화실험군과대조군의실험전측정항목의점수는차이가없었으며, 전 후의변화는다음과같다 ( 표 3). 실험군에서실험전 후관절가동범위는굴곡 (0-180) 이 ±9.54 에서 ±3.54 로, 외전 (0-180) 은 ±8.38 에서 ±5.38 로, 악력은 22.67±2.41 kg에서 23.40±0.92 kg 으로모두유의 (p<.05) 하게증가하였고시각적통증척도 (0-10) 는 5.87±0.99에서 2.00±0.93으로, DASH questionnaire (0-100) 은 26.00±3.82에서 14.40±2.95으로모두유의 (p<.05) 하게감소하였다. 상완둘레는 22.73±1.19 cm에서 22.80±1.25 cm으로유의한차이를보이지않았다. 대조군에서실험전 후관절가동범위는굴곡 (0-180) 이 ±11.05 에서 ±10.87 로, 외전 (0-180) 은 [ 표 3] 실험방법에따른전과후의비교 [Table 3] Change of measurement fators between before and after ROM Variables Group Before After t P Flexion(0-180 ) Abduction(0-180 ) VAS for pain(0-10) Handgrip Strength(Kg) Circumference of upperarm(cm) Experimntal(n=10) ± ± Control(n=10) ± ± Experimntal(n=10) ± ± Control(n=10) ± ± Experimntal(n=10) 5.87± ± Control(n=10) 5.47± ± Experimntal(n=10) 22.67± ± Control(n=10) 22.53± ± Experimntal(n=10) 22.73± ± Control(n=10) 22.67± ± Experimntal(n=10) 26.00± ± DASH(0-100) Control(n=10) 26.47± ± Mean ± SD, paired t-test, p<.05 ROM: Acitve range of motion, VAS: Visual analogue scale DASH: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire [ 표 4] 실험군과대조군간에변화량비교 [Table 4] comparison of between experimental and control Variables Experimntal (after-before) Control (after-before) ROM Flexion(0-180 ) 35.80± ± Abduction(0-180 ) 43.80± ± VAS for pain(0-10) -3.87± ± Handgrip Strength(Kg) 0.73± ± Circumference of upperarm(cm) 0.67± ± DASH(0-100) ± ± Mean ± SD, independent t-test, p<.05. AROM: Acitve range of motion, VAS: Visual analogue scale DASH: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire t P 2245
7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 5 호, ±8.90 에서 ±9.50 로모두유의 (p<.05) 하게증가하였고시각적통증척도 (0-10) 는 5.47±1.19에서 3.07±0.96으로, DASH questionnaire (0-100) 은 26.47±3.54에서 17.53±2.77으로모두유의 (p<.05) 하게감소하였다. 상완둘레는 22.67±1.45 cm에서 22.77±1.56 cm로, 악력은 22.53±2.23 kg에서 23.07±2.76 kg으로모두유의한차이를보이지않았다. 3.3 실험군과대조군간에실험전 후변화량비교실험군과대조간에실험전 후의변화량비교는다음과같다 ( 표 4). 실험군과대조군간에실험전 후변화량을비교해보면관절가동범위의굴곡 (0-180) 은실험군 35.80±8.96 와대조군 16.13±5.60, 외전 (0-180) 은실험군 43.80±9.94 와대조군 20.40±5.68, DASH questionnaire (0-100) 에서는실험군 ±5.42와대조군 -8.9±2.22으로두군간에모두유의 (p<.05) 한차이를보였다. 그러나악력은실험군 0.73±0.96 kg과대조군 0.53± 1.25 kg, 시각적통증척도 (0-10) 는실험군 -3.87±1.36과대조군 -2.40±0.83, 상완둘레는 0.67±0.26 cm에서 0.10±0.28 cm로두군간에유의한차이를보이지않았다. 4. 고찰 유방절제술후견관절의기능회복을위해 Kilbreath 등 (2006) 은 8주동안실시한단계적인저항훈련과스트레칭이유방암환자의운동성감소와같은이차적인문제를예방할수있다고하였고 [20], Ohira 등 (2006) 은 6개월간장기간의근력강화운동을시행하여대조군에비해신체적삶의지수가높아졌다고보고하였다 [21]. 또한, Keays 등 (2008) 는유방암환자에게필라테스를적용하여상지의통증과기능회복에있어서효과적이었다고하였다 [22]. Courneya 등 (2003), Campbell 등 (2005) 은유방절제술후최소 6개월이상경과된대상자를대상으로운동중재를실시하였다 [23,24]. 그러나 Box 등 (2002) 은수술후 5 일부터 65명을대상으로물리치료를제공한결과수술후 1달에서가장유의한기능적회복을보고하였고수술후 6개월이상경과되면수술후나타나는통증, 움직임제한, 부종등의합병증으로인해재활기간이더소요되므로수술후조기에시행되는치료적운동이효과적이라고하였다 [25]. Morimoto 등 (2003) 은 39명의대상에게수술후 2일부터 4주간운동프로그램을실시하여견관절의관절가동범위가유의하게증가한결과를보였으며전 반적인일상생활의복귀는수술후 4주내에 90% 가회복되었다고보고하였다 [26]. 마찬가지로 Na 등 (1999) 의연구에서도수술후 3일부터 4주간운동프로그램실시한집단이대조군에비해견관절의관절가동범위가유의하게증가하였다고보고하였고 [27], Beurskens 등 (2007) 도근거에입각해서고안된팔과어깨의자세교정운동, 협응력운동, 근력강화운동을포함하는프로그램이유방절제술후환자에서상지의기능개선과통증을줄였다고하였다 [19]. 이와같이선행연구에서유방절제술후환자에서운동을포함물리치료와일반적인충돌중후군환자에서중재적용시기에따른어깨관절의기능부전에미치는영향에대한연구는있었지만유방절제술후견관절의기능부전이악화되어이차적으로유발된견관절충돌증후군에대한치료접접근에관한연구는거의없는실정이다. 본연구에서대상자의평균나이는 46.0±7.8세, 병원에내원한시기는수술후 6.5±1.9개월이었고환측부위가우세팔 17명과비우세팔 13명, 수술의형태는부분유방절제술 17명과변형근치적유방절제술 13명, 견관절전방부위에압통이있는사람이 23명과전방및후방모두압통이있는사람은 7명이었다. 또한, 실험전관절가동범위 (0-180) 는굴곡에서 ±10.15, 외전에서 ±8.58, 시각적통증척도는 5.67±1.09, 악력 22.60±2.28 kg, 상완둘레는 22.70±1.30 cm, DASH questionnaire 26.23±3.63 를나타내며유방절제술과더불어항암치료와방사선치료받은후자기관리를하고있으나적절한치료와교육을받지못하여견관절의기능부전이악화되어 1,2단계견관절충돌증후군진단을받았다. 본연구의실험군과대조군모두전 후굴곡과외전관절가동범위모두유의하게증가하였고시각적통증척도, DASH questionnaire 모두유의하게감소하였으며상완둘레는유의한차이를보이지않았다. 그러나악력은실험군에서만유의하게증가하였다. 선행연구에서도견관절충돌증후군치료적중재로서일반적인물리치료뿐만아니라관절가동운동, 마사지, 도수치료, 스트레칭, 근력강화운동, 능동운동, 이완운동등의단일운동프로그램 [28-34] 과여러가지운동을복합적으로적용한복합운동프로그램 [6,35-38] 모두가동범위의향상및통증이감소하고기능이향상되며본연구를뒷받침하였다. 도수치료및근력강화운동을복합적으로적용한연구를살펴보면근력강화운동만적용한군 [35], 근력강화운동과이완운동을적용한군 [36] 과비교해서두군모두통증감소, 기능및근력개선이있었지만도수치료를동반한복합운동프로그램이더유의한효과를나타냈고스트레칭및이완운동과근력강화운동을복합적으로적 2246
8 용한연구에서일반적인물리치료를적용한대조군보다유의한효과를나타냈다 [37]. 그리고 Nykanen(1995) 은마사지, 스트레칭과근력강화를복합적으로적용하였을때단일운동을이용한대조군보다유의한효과를나타내었고 [38], Senbursa 등 (2007) 은관절가동운동, 스트레칭과근력강화운동을복합적으로적용하였을때관절가동운동만을적용한대조군보다유의한효과를나타냈다 [6]. 이렇게보존적물리치료와단일운동은복합운동프로그램에비해정상적움직임회복에있어서치료의한계점을나타내며복합운동프로그램이우수한효과를보였지만여전히정상움직임회복에있어서는제한점이있었다 [6,35-38]. 그래서단일운동과적절한견관절움직임조절운동이포함되지못한복합운동프로그램보다관절의가동성을자유롭게하여통증감소와관절가동범위향상에긍정적인피드백을가지게하고견관절의적절한움직임회복과협응력을향상하기위한복합운동프로그램의중요성이강조되고있다. 본연구에서관절가동범위의굴곡과외전은실험군이대조군보다모두유의하게더증가, DASH questionnaire 은유의하게더감소하며통증과견관절기능에서는더큰효과를보이고림프부종발생위험이높은유방절제술환자 [2,3] 에서실험후상지둘레의차이가보이지않으면안전하였다. Brox 등 (1993), Brox 등 (1999), Ginn과 Cohen (2005) 은스트레칭, 이완운동, 근력강화운동에견갑상완리듬의안정화를위한운동을복합적으로적용한군이통증및기능개선에서다른복합운동프로그램보다더큰효과를나타내었다 [39-42]. 그리고 Roy 등 (2009) 은본연구와같은방법인견관절의움직임을더세밀하게올바른운동전략을수행하도록할수있도록조절한후팔거상시환자가통증없이견관절의가동범위를회복할수있도록고안된견관절운동조절및근력강화복합운동프로그램을적용한후 SPADI (Shoulder pain disability index) 점수가유의하게감소, 견관절의관절가동범위및근력이유의하게개선되었다고보고하였다 [16]. Bae 등 (2011) 은같은방법을 4주적용한후 SPADI가실험전보다운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램을적용한실험군및일반적보존적치료를적용한대조군모두유의하게감소하였지만실험군이대조군보다유의하게더감소하였다. 그리고근력은실험군에서만유의하게증가하였고관절가동범위는실험전 후의변화량이실험군은견관절굴곡 25.3±13.8 및외전 32.1±16.9, 대조군은굴곡 10.0±8.1 및외전 6.4±8.5 이었다. 이와같이선행연구는유방절제술후이차적으로발생된견관절충돌증후군환자를대상으로실시한본연구와도일치하는결과를보였고오히려반복적인손상 으로유발된견관절충돌증후군환자를손상단계를구분하지않고모든견관절충돌증후군환자를대상으로한연구 [16] 보다유방절제술후이차적으로발생한 1, 2 단계견관절충돌증후군환자를대상으로실시한본연구에서관절가동범위에서더큰효과를나타냈다. 5. 결론 본연구는운동조절과근력운동복합운동프로그램이유방절제술과항암치료및방사선치료를받은후기능부전이악화되어유발된견관절충돌증후군환자의통증, 상완둘레, 악력, 상지의불편감정도와관절가동범위에미치는영향을알아보고유방절제술후유발된기능부전과이차적으로유발된견관절충돌증후군의치료에있어서기초연구자료를제공하고자한다. 연구방법으로총 4주간주 5회하루 60분씩운동조절과근력강화운동을실시하였고, 실험방법에따른효과를파악하기위하여훈련전 후에통증, 악력, 상완둘레, 관절가동범위및상지의불편감정도를측정하여다음과같은결론을얻었다. 두군모두관절가동범위모두유의하게증가 (p<.05) 하였고시각적통증척도와상지의불편감정도는유의하게감소 (p<.05) 하였다. 그리고상완둘레는유의한차이를보이지않았다. 그리고관절가동범위, 상지의불편감정도는실험군이대조군에비해더큰차이를보였다 (p<.05). 본연구는유방절제술과항암치료및방사선치료를받은후유발된견관절충돌증후군환자를대상으로운동프로그램적용시운동조절과근력강화운동이안전하면서효과높은방법임을확인할수있었다. 그러나본연구에서는대상자선정에있어서유방절제술후기능부전증상이계속해서악화되어유발된견관절충돌증후군환자를대상으로실시되었다. 따라서앞으로유방절제술환자의상지기능부전을최소화하기위해수술후운동조절과근력강화복합운동프로그램을조기적용한연구와다른증상을동반한대상으로실시한연구가필요할것으로보인다. References [1] R. H. Baron, "Surgical management of breast cancer", Semin Oncol Nurs, 23, pp.10-19, [2] A. Kärki, R. Simonen, E. Mälkiä, J. Selfe, "Impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions 6 and 12 months after breast cancer operation", J Rehabil 2247
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11 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 5 호, 2012 이석민 (Suk-Min Lee) [ 정회원 ] 1986 년 8 월 : 서울대학교보건대학원 ( 보건학석사 ) 1994 년 3 월 : AMEC 치의학과 2006 년 2 월 : 서울대학교보건대학원 ( 보건학박사 ) 1994 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 삼육대학교물리치료학과교수 < 관심분야 > TMJ 치료학, 임상해부학, 심폐물리치료 2250
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Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
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