한수지 48(5), , 2015 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(5), ,2015 한국근해개복치 (Mola mola) 의성숙과산란 강민주 백혜자 이동우 1 최정화 1 * 부경대학교자원생물학과, 1 국

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1 한수지 48(5), , 2015 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(5), ,2015 한국근해개복치 (Mola mola) 의성숙과산란 강민주 백혜자 이동우 1 최정화 1 * 부경대학교자원생물학과, 1 국립수산과학원기반연구부 Sexual Maturity and Spawning of Ocean Sunfish Mola mola in Korean Waters Min Joo Kang, Hea Ja Baek, Dong Woo Lee 1 and Jung Hwa Choi 1 * Department of Marine Biology, Pukyung National University, Busan 48513, Korea 1 Fundamental Research Department, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 46083, Korea The sexual maturation and spawning time of female ocean sunfish Mola mola in Korean waters were studied by observing the gonads histologically. Specimens were purchased in a fish market in October 2013 and May, June, and October Nine females (total length cm, gonad weight 31-3,470 g) and one male (total length 131 cm, gonad weight 60 g) were studied. Histologically, the ovaries became active in May and spawning began in July and continued until October. In July, mature oocytes and yolk globule stage oocytes were observed; parts of the gonad showed traces of spawning, while others had degenerated and absorbed any oocytes. By October, many oocytes had degenerated and been absorbed. Therefore, the approximate spawning period of ocean sunfish is from July to October based on histological changes in the gonads. The asynchronous oocyte development suggests that the ocean sunfish is a multiple spawner, as reported previously. The catch distribution data suggest that the waters around Jeju Island are a sunfish spawning area. Key words: Sunfish, Mola mola, Spawning period, Sexual maturation 서론 (Mola mola),,,,,, (Fraser-Brunner, 1943),,. Lee et al. (2013).. (Nakatsubo et al., 2007a, 2007b). 1.5 m 3 (Schmidt, 1921) (Fraser-Brunner, 1951; Martin and Drewry, 1978; Pope et al., 2010). 5 (Mola mola, Mola ramsayi, Masturus lanceolatus, Masturus oxyuropterus, Ranzania laevis) (Fraser- Brunner, 1951),, (Mola mola), (Mola ramsayi) Mola (Mola sp.) (Yoshita et al., 2009; Yamanoue et al., 2010).,. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(5) , October 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 22 July 2015; Revised 2 September 2015; Accepted 8 September 2015 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: choi2291@korea.kr Copyright 2015 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 739 pissn: , eissn:

2 740 강민주ㆍ백혜자ㆍ이동우ㆍ최정화,,,,,,. 39 N 재료및방법,,. 10, 9, 1. (TL) cm, 131 cm, ,470.0 g, 60.0 g (Table 1, Figs. 1 and 2). Bouin's solution µm Mayer's hematoxylin eosin. (BX-50, Olympus, Japan).,,,,, 124 KOREA 129 E Fig. 1. Sampling location of ocean sunfish used in this study. Numbers are sample number in Table 1.., Table 1. Records of ocean sunfish Mola mola used in this study Sample No. Date Location Total length (cm) Body weight (kg) Sex Gonad weight (g) 1 Oct May May May May May May Jul Jul Oct N E N E N N E E Female Female 1, Female Female Female Female Female Female 2, Male Female 3,470.0

개복치성숙과산란 741 Fig. 2. Ocean sunfish Mola mola landed at Busan cooperative fish market in Busan, October 28, 2014. Total length was 250cm and caught by purse seine off Jeju island, Korea (Sample No.

3 개복치성숙과산란 741 Fig. 2. Ocean sunfish Mola mola landed at Busan cooperative fish market in Busan, October 28, Total length was 250cm and caught by purse seine off Jeju island, Korea (Sample No. 10 in Table 1).. 생식소의조직학적관찰 결과 (Fig. 3), cm, 1,287.8 g µm, 50 µm, µm (Fig. 3A) µm,, 280 µm (Fig. 3B) g µm (Fig. 3C), (Fig. 3D) cm (Fig. 2), 3,470 g µm (Fig. 3E), (Fig. 3F). 산란장의형성 (Fig. 4), 5 20, , ,, , 5-10 (Fig. 5).,.. 고찰, 5, 7 10, (synchronous oocyte development) (asynchronous oocyte development) patch. (Nakatsuobo et al., 2007b) cm, 250 cm 50 µm, µm., 144 cm

4 742 강민주ㆍ백혜자ㆍ이동우ㆍ최정화 Fig. 3. Histological observations of ovary and testis of ocean sunfish Mola mola caught in off Korean waters. A, B: May 2014 (ovary), C: July 2014 (ovary), D: July 2014 (testis), E, F: October 2014 (ovary). N, nucleus; YG, yolk granule; YV, yolk vesicle; SZ, spermatozoa.. Potter and Galuardi (2011) (Pop-up archival tag) 6-30, Thys et al. (2007), Anderson and Cupka (1973). Lee (1986) Fulling et al. (2007) , Dewar et al. (2010). a. (Thys et al., 2015).., 8-10 (Na-

개복치성숙과산란 743 Fig. 4. Composite images of sea surface temperature ( ) in waters off Korea, from May to November 2014. A: late May, B: early July, C: mid August and D: early November.

5 개복치성숙과산란 743 Fig. 4. Composite images of sea surface temperature ( ) in waters off Korea, from May to November A: late May, B: early July, C: mid August and D: early November. Data source: Satellite ocean information laboratory, National fisheries research and development institute, Korea Legend : 1 ind : 10 inds : 20 inds : 40 inds : 80 inds Legend : 1 ind : 10 inds : 20 inds : 40 inds : 80 inds Fig. 5. Catch Density of ocean sunfish Mola mola caught by purse seine in waters off Korea. Data were combined from 2010 to 2014 and compared with two seasons, November-April (left) and May-October (right).

6 744 강민주ㆍ백혜자ㆍ이동우ㆍ최정화 katsubo et al., 2007b), Pope et al. (2010) Sokolovskaya and Sokolovskiy (1975) mm (TL) ,., 사사 2015 (R ). References Anderson WDJ and Cupka DM Records of the ocean sunfish, Mola mola, from the beaches of South Carolina and adjacent waters. Cheasapeake Sci 14, Dewar H, Thys T, Teo SLH, Farwell C, O'Sullivan J, Tobayama T, Soichi M, Nakatsubo T, Kondo Y, Okada Y, Lindsay DJ, Hays GC, Walli A, Weng K, Streelman JT and Karl SA Satellite tracking the world's largest jelly predator, the ocean sunfish, Mola mola, in the western Pacific. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 393, Fulling, G. L., Fertl D, Knight K and Hoggard W Distribution of Molidae in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Caribb Res 19, Fraser-Brunner A Notes on the Plecogranth fishes. VIII. The classification of the suborder Tetraodontoidae, with a synopsis of the genera. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 11, 10, Fraser-Brunner A The ocean sunfishes (family Molidae). Bull Brit Mus (Nat Hist) Zool 1, Lee DS Seasonal, thermal, and zonal distribution of ocean sunfish, Mola mola (Linnaeus), off the north Carolina coast. Brimleyana, Lee DW, Choi JH and Choi KH Catch Distribution of Ocean Sunfish Mola mola off Korean waters. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 46, Martin FD and Drewry GE Family Molidae. In "Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of egg, larval and juvenal stages. VI. Stromateidae through Ogiocephalidae" US Fish Wild Serv, Biol Serv Prog FWS/OBS, 78/12, Nakatsubo T, Kawachi M, Mano N and Hirose H. 2007a. Estimation of maturation in wild and captive ocean sunfish Mola mola. Aquaculture Sci 55, Nakatsubo T, Kawachi M, Mano N and Hirose H. 2007b. Spawning period of ocean sunfish Mola mola in waters of the Eastern Kanto region, Japan. Aquaculture Sci 55, Pope EC, Hays GC, Thy TM, Doyle TK, Sims DW, Queiroz N, Hobson VJ, Kubicek L and Houghton JDR The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives. Rev fish Biol Fish 20, Potter, IF, Galuardi B and Howell WH Horizontal movement of ocean sunfish, Mola mola, in the northwest Atlantic. Mar Biol 158, Schmidt J New studies of sun fishes made during the "Dana" expedition, Nature 102, Sokolovskaya TS and Sokolovskiy AS New data on expansion of the area of reproduction of ocean sunfishes (Pisces, Molidae) in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. J Ichthyol 15, Thys T, Weng KC, Dewar H, Farwell C, O 'Sullivan J, Walli A, Teo S, Tobayama T, Soichi M, Kondo Y, Okada Y, Nakatsubo T and Block BA Tracking the world s largest jelly predator, the Mola mola, in the Eastern and Western Pacific, CLIOTOP Symposium, Baja California. Thys TM, Ryan JP, Dewar H, Perle CR, Lyons K, O'Sullivan J, Farwell C, Howard MJ, Weng KC, Lavaniegos BE, Gaxiola- Castro G, Bojorquez LEM, Hazen EL and Bograd SJ Ecology of the ocean sunfish, Mola mola, in the southern California current system. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 47, Yamanoue Y, Mabuchi K, Sawai E, Sakai Y, Hashimoto H and Nishida M Multiplex PCR-based genotyping of mitochondrial DNA from two species of ocean sunfish from the genus Mola (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) found in Japanese waters. Jap J Ichthyol 57, Yoshita Y, Yamanoue Y, Sagara K, Nishibori M, Kuniyoshi H, Umino T, Sakai Y, Hashimoto H and Gushima K Phylogenetic relationship of two Mola sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) occurring around the coast of Japan, with notes on their geographical distribution and morphological characteristics. Ichthyol Res 56,

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03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).