꼭알아두어야할 외국어영역문법 KeyPoint! 1. 동사 < 동명사를목적어로취하는동사 > enjoy imagine avoid miss mind finish involve escape deny give up admit postpone put off keep conside

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1 꼭알아두어야할 외국어영역문법 KeyPoint! 1. 동사 < 동명사를목적어로취하는동사 > enjoy imagine avoid miss mind finish involve escape deny give up admit postpone put off keep consider suggest practice quit <to부정사를목적어로취하는동사 > want mean care agree refuse expect promise wish long choose intend tend pretend hope manage hesitate plan afford appear decide determine fail learn deserve offer <to 부정사와동명사를모두목적어로취하는동사 > like start cease love continue intend begin deserve propose < 수동태가불가능한동사 > remain resemble become let consist of have appear cost result in result from look disappear belong to like own happen to seem occur <by 이외의전치사를쓰는수동태구문 > be surprised at be pleased with be satisfied with be amazed at be delighted with be covered with be alarmed at be filled with be interested in be known for be known to by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 1 -

2 < 수동태를표현하는동사구문 > (need want take deserve demand require bear be worth) + 동명사 수동의의미를나타낸다 <make 수동태구문 > A be made of B A : 물리적변화 B : 재료 A be made from B A : 화학적변화 B : 재료 A be made into B A : 재료 B : 결과물 <Keep 동사의구조 > keep + 목적어 + 목적보어 + 형용사 : ~ 한상태로유지하다 She keeps them safe in the yard. keep + 목적어 + 목적보어 + ~ing : ~ 로하여금계속 ~ 하게하다 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. keep + 목적어 + 목적보어 + p.p He kept the door closed. <think 류의동사 + that 절의수동태 > think, believe, consider, say, understand 등의목적어로 that 절이오는경우 that절의주어전체를주어로하는가주어 it을사용하는두가지형태의수동태로표현할수있다. ex) They say that she was a famous actress in her country. It is said that she was a famous actress in her country. She is said to have been a famous actress in her country. < 감정동사 > 주체가사람일때 p.p 주체가사물일때 ~ing surprise please excite disappoint embarrass amaze delight interest satisfy confuse by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 2 -

3 2. 조동사 < 조동사의관용적표현 > may(might) have p.p must have p.p cannot have p.p may well may as well ~ ( as ) cannot help ~ing cannot ~ without cannot ~ to used to 동사원형 be used to 동사원형 be used to ~ing ~ 이었을지도모른다 ~ 였음이틀림없다 ~ 이었을리가없다 ~ 하는것은당연하다 ( 하는것보다 ) ~ 하는것이낫다 ~ 하지않을수없다 ~ 하면꼭 ~ 하게된다아무리 ~ 해도지나치지않다 ~ 하곤했다 ~ 하는데이용되다 ~ 에익숙하다 3. 수의일치 < 유의할점!> 1. every 와 each로수식된명사는여러개가연결되어도단수취급한다. 2. [ many a ] 처럼의미는복수라도형태가단수이면단수동사를쓴다. 3. [ a great many + 복수명사 ] 복수동사를쓴다. every + 기수 + 복수 every + 서수 + 단수 ~ 년마다 < 단수와복수가모두가능한명사 > committee, audience, company, council, club, crew, crowd, jury, class < 수량형용사 > 가산명사수식 불가산명사수식 가산 / 불가산명사모두수식 a few a little some few little a lot of a great number of a great deal of lots of several a good deal of plenty of many much most all by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 3 -

4 < 단수 / 복수취급의판단 > most half all some the rest part of 단수취급 분수 % the portion 복수취급 many a 단수명사 : 아주많은 단수취급 many 복수명사 : 많은복수취급 < 셀수없는명사 > money food fruit jewelry 집합물질명사 information advice knowledge beauty health 추상명사 weather water air ice 4. 대명사 < 구문 : 관계대명사 > no matter what = whatever You have our support no matter what you decide. You have our support no whatever you decide. at any time when = whenever The roof leaks at any time when it rains. The roof leaks whenever it rains. in any place where = wherever In any place where she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to her. Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to her. < 계속적용법의관계대명사앞에수식어구가있을때 > 주어 + 동사 + either of, neither of, some of, one of, both of + which ( 사물 ) whom ( 사람 ) ex) either of which ( o ) = and either of them ( o ) and either of which ( x, 접속사중복 ) either of them ( x, 접속사없음 ) by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 4 -

5 < 지시대명사 > one ~ the other 지시대상이한정된 2개일때 one ~ the others 지시대상이한정된 3개일때 some ~ others 지시대상이막연한수의 2개의부류일때 some ~ others, ~ still others 지시대상이막연한수의 3개의부류일때 the one ~ the other 앞의두개를순차적으로받을때 (= the former ~ the later) (= that ~ this) < 재귀대명사의관용표현 > inspite of oneself 자신도모르게 for oneself 스스로의힘으로 ( 남의도움없이 ) of oneself 저절로 by onself 혼자서, 홀로 out of oneself 제정신이아닌 (= crazy, mad) 5. 비교급 최상급 < 비교급 > 유의할점 * the 비교급 of the twp : 둘중에더 ~ 하다 * 배수표현 ~ time as as ~ times more than * 라틴어비교급다음에는 than 이아니라 to 가와야한다. junior, senior, inferior, superior, prior < 동일인 동일물에대한비교 > 주어 + 동사 + ~ not so much A as B = She is not so much beautiful as attractive. 주어 + 동사 + ~ not A so much as B = She is not beautiful so much as attractive. 주어 + 동사 + ~ more B than A = She is more attractive than beautiful. by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 5 -

6 < 최상급표현 > 주어 + 동사 ~ + 비교급 than any other 단수명사주어 + 동사 ~ + 비교급 than all the other 복수명사주어 + 동사 ~ + 최상급 of 복수명사주어 + 동사 ~ + 최상급 in 단수명사 6. 전치사 관사 < 전치사의쓰임 for / during> 1) for : 일반기간, 숫자가올수있다. ex) He closed his eyes for a moment The show runs for 6 weeks 2) during : 특정기간, 숫자가올수없다 ex) The amount of ozone decreased during the 1980s Where are you going during vacation? < 전치사의쓰임 by / until> 1) by : 한번만하는것, 일회성 ex) Tell me by Friday whether you can come to the party or not 2) until : 계속하는것, 지속성 ex) Can I stay until the weekend? < 전치사 to + 동명사표현 > look forward to be[get] used to devote oneself to object to what do you say to when it comes to with a view to contribute to reaction to consent to challenge to in addition to be committed to + ~ ing ~ 하는게어때? ~ 에대해말하자면 ~ 에몰두하다 by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 6 -

7 < 정관사 the의쓰임 > 1. cars stop at light ( X, 뜻 : 빛 ) the light ( O, 뜻 : 신호등 ) 2. Do you believe in God ( O ) the God ( X ) 3. The crowd cheered loudly as the Pope appeared ( X ) Pope appeared ( O ) 4. He explained the history of the building to us 수식어구가있으면 the를붙인다. 5. The soccer ball hit me in the back 신체의일부분에 the를붙인다. 7. 형용사 부사 < 명사 + ly 형용사가되는예외의경우 > friendly lovely costly ( = expensive) monthly < 시 공간의단위를나타내는형용사 > long, old, tall, wide, deep 등은수사와단위명사다음에온다. ex) seventy meters long < 구문 > 수치를이용해대상의특징을나타낼때는숫자 + 단위 + 형용사순서이다. ex) several feet high < 현재완료와쓸수없는부사 > yesterday ago last just now in 연도 at 시각 in the past at the time what time when by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 7 -

8 8. 유의어 어휘 < 알아두어야할유의어 > near 가까이에, 가까운 large 커다란 nearly 거의 ~ 할뻔한, 간신히 largely 대체로 narrow 좁은 scare ~ 를겁주다 narrowly 거의 ~ 할뻔한, 가까스로 ; 좁게, 가늘게 scarce 드문 ex) I nearly(=narrowly) escaped the accident scarcely 거의 ~ 하지않은 hard 열심, 단단한, 힘든 rare 드문 hardly 거의 ~ 하지않는 rarely 거의 ~ 하지않는 < 수에따라뜻이달라지는어휘 > color 색깔 pain 고통 colors 국기, 군기 pains 수고 custom 풍습 paper 종이 customs 세관, 관세 papers 서류, 기록 letter 문자, 편지 spectacle 광경 letters 문학 spectacles 안경 manner 방법 talk 대화 manners 예절 talks 협상, 회의 9. 기본문법 < 문법 1> not everyone 가능 every는 some, any, no 등과같은자격을가 no everyone 불가능 진말이기때문에 no와나란히쓸수없다 < 문법 2> other 다음에복수명사가오지만 any, no, every 등과함께쓰이면단수명사가온다 ex) No other country comes close to matching Venezuela's record for sending winners to this contest. by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 8 -

9 <help 의목적보어 > 가능 to 부정사, 동사원형 불가능 동명사 < 문법 : 양보절 > although even though even if ( 뒤에 ) 주어 + 동사 in spite of despite ( 뒤에 ) 명사 ( 구 ) 10. 구문표현 < 구문 1> what little + 명사 + 주어 + 동사 what few + 명사 + 주어 + 동사 : 주어가 ~ 하든모든 ~ 것은 ~ ex) I gave the beggar what little money I had 나는내가가진모든돈을거지에게주었다. < 구문 2> A is to B what C is to D A와 B의관계는 C와 D의관계와같다 ex) Copyrights and patents are to creativity and innovation what water is to humans. < 구문 3> take make + it + B 형용사 + A to부정사 + that + 주어 + 동사 find A 하는것이 B 하다고생각하다 A 하는것을 B 로만들다 < 구문 4> tell A from B A와 B를구별하다 know A from B distinguish between A and B by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung> - 9 -

10 < 구문 5> A compel B to V A 는 B 가 ~ 하도록강요하다 A force B to V B is compelled to V by A B 가 ~ 하도록강요받다 = 어쩔수없이 ~ 하게되다 < 구문 6> A B from C ~ ing : A 때문에 B는 C하지못한다. prevent prohibit keep refrain stop dissuade inhibit hinder discourage restrain hold ban <result in / from> A 원인 + result + in + B 결과 : A 때문에결국 B가되다 B 결과 + result + from + A 원인 : B 는 A 때문이다 < 구문 7> A follow B = B is followed by A 해석 : A가 B를따르다 A precede B = B is preceded by A 해석 : A가 B보다앞서다 < 비슷한구문표현 > cannot help ~ing = cannot help but 동사원형 = have no choice but to 동사원형 = have no alternative but to 동사원형 < 구문 8> ~ not B until A = It is not until A that B : A 하고나서야비로소 B 하다 by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung>

11 < 구문 9> 형용사부사 + as + 주어 + be 명사형용사 = Though 주어 + be + 부사명사해석 : 비록 ~ 이지만 < 구문 ❶> not so much A as B = not A so much as B A 라기보다는오히려 B 이다 ex) She is not so much sociable as reserved. 그녀는사교적이기보다는오히려내성적이다. < 구문 ❷> so long as as long as + 주어 + 동사 ~ 하는한 < 구문 ❸> so as to = in order to so 부사 / 형용사 as to V 해석 : ~ 할정도로 ~ 하게 < 구문 ❹> so + 형용사 부사 + that + 주어 + 조동사 + 동사원형 해석 : 너무 ~ 해서 ~ 하다 < 구문 ❺> no more than no less than not more than not less than = only = as ~ as = at most = at least by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung>

12 < 구문 ❻> almost + 부사 + 형용사 most + 명사 most of + 명사 대부분의 < 구문 ❼> concerning + 명사 regarding + 명사 with regard to + 명사 with respect to + 명사 about ~ 에대하여 < ~ 하자마자 구문표현 > : 그는나를보자마자도망을쳤다. Hardly when Scarcely had he seen me before he ran away. No sooner than As soon as On seeing he saw me, he ran away. me, he ran away. The moment The instant (that) he saw me, he ran away. The minute Instantly Immediately (after) he saw me, he ran away. Directly At exactly time when he saw me, he ran away. by. Smug - J. <Story of SmugJ blog.naver.com/zamzung>

Page 2 of 6 Here are the rules for conjugating Whether (or not) and If when using a Descriptive Verb. The only difference here from Action Verbs is wh

Page 2 of 6 Here are the rules for conjugating Whether (or not) and If when using a Descriptive Verb. The only difference here from Action Verbs is wh Page 1 of 6 Learn Korean Ep. 13: Whether (or not) and If Let s go over how to say Whether and If. An example in English would be I don t know whether he ll be there, or I don t know if he ll be there.