Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty (UPVP) in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Jun-Young Y
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1 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty (UPVP) in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Jun-Young Yang, M.D., June-Kyu Lee, M.D., Soo-Min Cha, M.D., Yong-Bum Joo, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg 2011 Jun;18(2): Originally published online June 30, 2011; doi: /jkss Korean Society of Spine Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine #7-206, 3rd ST. Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, , Korea Tel: Fax: Copyright 2011 Korean Society of Spine Surgery pissn eissn The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2 Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Jun;18(2): doi: /jkss Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty(UPVP) in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Jun-Young Yang, M.D., June-Kyu Lee, M.D., Soo-Min Cha, M.D., Yong-Bum Joo, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Study Design: This is a prospective clinical study. Objectives: We wanted to compare the clinical results of conventional vertebroplasty(vp) and the newly devised unilateral partial vertebroplasty(upvp). Summary of Literature Review: There has not been any study on how to reduce the amount of cement used while maintaining the height of the vertebral body and minimizing the adjacent compression fractures. Materials and Methods: From 2004 to 2008, Group 1 underwent VP and group 2 underwent UPVP. We compared the difference of the VAS score, the period of hospitalization, the infused amount of cement, the progression of the vertebral body collapse and fresh fracture of the adjacent vertebral body on the follow-up simple radiographs. Results: In group 1, the mean VAS score changed from 6.69 to 2.80, the mean period of hospitalization was 2.30 days and the mean amount of cement infused was 6.50cc. The degree of vertebral body collapse was 0.83, 0.76, 0.69 and 0.63 on follow-up, and 3 cases had fresh fracture. In group 2, the mean VAS score changed from 6.41 to 2.61, the mean period of hospitalization was 2.23 days and the mean amount of cement infused was 3.74cc. The degree of collapse was 0.71, 0.69, 0.68 and 0.63 on follow up and 1 case had fresh fracture. The two groups showed no statistical significance for the change of the VAS score and the period of hospitalization, and the amount of cement was significantly less in group 2. The degree of collapse was not significantly different on the 4 times of follow-up. The frequency of fresh fracture was significantly less in group 2. Conclusions: UPVP could achieve similar results for pain relief, the period of hospitalization and vertebral body collapse as compared to that of VP, but fresh fracture of the adjacent vertebral body was less. So, UPVP could be a better method than VP. Key Words: Unilateral pedicle, Osteoporotic Compression Fracture, Vertebroplasty, Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty 서론 최근인구고령화현상은골다공증환자와이로인한척추골절환자의증가를초래하였다. 척추체의압박골절은골다공증의가장흔한합병증이고간혹심각한후유증을유발할수있다. 특히지속적인통증과추가적인인접분절의다발성골절의진행으로후만변형의원인이자결과로알려져있다. 1-3) 대개특별한합병증없이회복되나드물게골편에의한척수압박으로인한신경증상또는마미증후군이초래되기도한다. 2) 일반적인치료방법은보존적요법으로진통제투여, 침상안정, 보조기의착용등이있으나드물게수술적치료를할수도있다. 그러나, 골다공증에의해견고한금속의고정이어려울뿐아니라고정후에도금속물의실패 (metal failure), 척추경나사못의이완 (loosening), 나사못이뽑히는현상 (pulling out), 가관절증, 불유합등이높은빈도로발생하며, 4-7) 고령과연관된불량한전신상 Received: August 3, 2010 Revised: March 31, 2011 Accepted: April 7, 2011 Published Online: June 30, 2011 Corresponding author: Jun-Young Yang, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 640, Daesa-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, Korea TEL: , FAX: jyyang@cnu.ac.kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 64 Copyright 2011 Korean Society of Spine Surgery
3 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty (UPVP) 태로광범위한수술이어려운경우가많다. 약 20 여년전부터 널리알려진시멘트를이용한척추성형술의우수한결과들이 현재까지많이보고되고있다. 8,9) 이런척추성형술은양측척추 경을통해시멘트 (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) 를주입하여 척추체의높이를회복하며, 골절선과그공간을따라시멘트가 주입되어불유합이나골괴사의공간을강도높은시멘트로보강 하는방법이다. 그러나추시상시멘트의재료학적및생역학적 원인으로인한인접분절의신생골절등의여러합병증들이보 고되고있는바, 10,11) 저자들은시멘트의양을최소화하면서통 증을조절하고척추성형술후추시상에서발생가능한여러문제 점들을해결하고자편측척추경을통해척추체에도달하여소 량 ( 최대 4 cc 만주입 ) 의시멘트만을압박이심한편측척추체의 일부분에만시멘트를주입하는방법 (unilateral patial erte ro- vertebroplasty, UPVP) 을고안하였으며그임상결과를전통적척추성형 술과비교하여그유용성을알아보고자하였다. 연구대상및방법 2004 년 2 월부터 2008 년 9 월까지급성흉요추부또는요추 부동통을주소로내원한환자들중단순방사선사진과자기공 명영촬영 (MRI) 으로본원에서골다공증성척추골절로진단받 은환자들중에서전방주의압박골절과중간주의안정성방출 성골절로진단받은 72 예를대상으로양측척추경을통한척추 성형술또는편측부분척추성형술을시행하였다. 추시상 4 예 가 2 년추시에실패하여이들은연구대상에서제외하여최종연 구는 68 예를대상으로하였다. 1 군 ( 양측척추경을통한시멘트 주입군 ) 은 35 예로남녀비는 9:26, 평균연령은 68.7(62~73) 세, 골밀도 (BMD) 는 -4.70±0.07 이었다. 골절부위는제 12 흉추 11 명, 제 1 요추 21 명, 제 2 요추는 3 명이었다. 압박골절이 16 예, 방 출성골절이 19 예였다 ( 안정형방출성골절 ). 2 군 ( 편측척추경을 통한시멘트주입군 ) 은 33 예였으며남녀비는 6:27, 평균연령은 64.9 세 (63~73), 골밀도 (BMD) 는 -4.66±0.38 이었다. 골절부위 는제 12 흉추 7 명, 제 1 요추 18 명, 제 2 요추는 8 명이었다. 압박 골절이 13 예, 방출성골절이 20 예였다. 전향적연구인만큼 1, 2 군의시술방법의배정함에있어서는무작위 (randomized) 로배 정을하였다. 환자들은입원후 2 주간의침상안정후압통부위와골절부 위가정확히일치하면서증상의호전이없는, 즉 2 주간의침상 안정후보조기착용후보행을시도하였으며 VAS 5 점이상의 통증으로보행이어려운환자들이었다. 자기공명영상에서추 체골절이외에후방인대군 (posterior ligament complex) 이손 상된불안정방출성골절, 신경증상이존재하는골절, 추체의 원발성종양및전이성종양, 골절후불유합및괴사 (Kummell s disease) 예들은대상에서제외하였다. 골밀도검사상 (BMD) -4.0~-5.0 에해당하는경우만연구에포함시켜골다공증의정 도에의한추시상함몰의진행, 신생골절의차이를배제하고자 하였다. 모두제 12 흉추, 제 1 요추또는제 2 요추에국한된단일 분절골절환자를대상으로하였으며다발성골절환자는대상 에서제외하였다. 수술실에서국소마취제 (lidocaine 1%) 를이용 하여방사선영상투시기 (intraoperative fluoroscopic intensifier) 하에시술부위의척추경과주변근육에국소마취를시행한후 1 군에서는양측척추경을통해척추성형술을시행하였고 2 군 에서는편측척추경을통해서만척추성형술을시행하였다. 편 측척추경을통한성형술을시행한예에서는전후면방사선사 진상추체의함몰이더심한, 편측을택하여방사선영상투시기 하에함몰이심한추체측의척추경에서시작하여선택한편측의 추체에시멘트가충진되도록하였으며시술시시멘트주입을 위한침의위치를정중앙선을넘지않도록하였고, 시멘트의충 진양은최대 4 cc 를넘지않도록하였다. 함몰정도가유사한경 우어느쪽편을택하는가에대해서는의미를두지않았고, 역시 선택한쪽에서최종침의위치역시정중앙선을넘지않도록하 였다. 시술시방사선영상투시를통한후방주또는척수관내 로의유출을파악하였으며미세한유출이라도의심이되는경우 는 CT( 컴퓨터단층촬영 ) 을통하여술후확인하였다. 두군간의골밀도 (BMD) 차이는통계학적유의성이없었다 (p=0.916). 시술후 VAS 점수의차이및입원기간, 주입된시멘 트의양의차이를비교하였다. VAS 점수측정은시술후 12~15 시간에측정하였다. 한편, 최소 2 년의추시를통해시술 3 개월, 9 개월, 15 개월, 24 개월째단순방사선사진에서의추체함몰의 진행및인접추체의신생골절여부를파악하였다. 추체함몰 은시멘트주입후척추체의높이가가장낮은부위를먼저측정 후 (a), 인접상위추체의높이 (b), 인접하위추체의높이 (c) 를계 산후시술부위추체값의 2 배를인접추체높이의합으로나눈 Fig. 1. (A) Simple AP radiographs of unilateral partial vertebroplasty(upvp). (B) Through lateral view, we check the compression ratio during follow-up. 65
4 Jun-Young Yang et al Volume 18 Number 2 June 2011 비로파악을하였다 (compression=2a/b+c), (Fig. 1A, B). 12) 추시상새로운요통이나타나는경우외래또는응급실로내원하도록환자를교육하였으며, 자기공명영상촬영에서급성골절이확인된경우만신생골절발생으로판단하였다. 시술전, 후 VAS 변화는 t-검정을이용 (paired Student s t-test), 입원기간과주입된시멘트양의차이, 추체함몰정도는 Mann-Whitney s U-test 를이용하여통계학적유의성을검정하였다. 추체함몰정도는 2인의관찰자가측정하였으며각각의관찰자는 2주간격으로동일사진에대해서재평가하였다. 관찰자간, 관찰자내의일치율에대한평가로는 Kappa 값을이용하였고 Fleiss JL 13) 의방법으로 Kappa 값이 0.75 이상이면우수일치 (excellent agreement), 0.4 이상 0.75 미만이면양호일치 (fair to good agreement), 0.4 미만이면불량일치 (poor agreement) 로판단하였다. 13) 결과 1군 ( 양측척추경을통한시멘트주입군 ) 의술전, 후의 VAS 점수의변화는 6.69±0.51 에서 2.80±0.39 으로감소하였으며, 입원기간은시술후 2.30±0.49 일, 주입된시멘트양은 6.50±0.71cc 였다. 척수관내로의유출, 정맥계로의유출은없었고전방주 (anterior column) 로미량의유출이 1예에서있었으나신경학적증상이나혈관계이상은없었다. 수상당시의추체함몰정도는함몰비 (compression ratio) 로파악하였으며 0.54±0.03 였고시술직후는 0.85±0.76 으로회복되었다. 추시상함몰비 (compression ratio) 는 3개월, 9개월, 15개월, 24개월째 0.83±0.15, 0.76±0.02, 0.69±0.02, 0.63±0.15 의값을나타내었다. 신생골절은 3예에서존재하였으며 1예에서제 11흉추 ( 기존제 2요추골절 ), 1예에서제 2요추 ( 기존제 12흉추골절 ), 1예에서제 3요추 ( 기존제 1요추골절 ) 에서발생하였다. 2군 ( 편측척추경을통한시멘트주입군 ) 의술전, 후의 VAS 점수의변화는 6.41±0.93에서 2.61±0.66으로감소하였으며, 입원기간은시술후 2.23±0.11 일, 주입된시멘트양은평균 3.74±0.43cc 였다. 척수관내로의유출, 정맥계로의유출은없었고 1예에서일과성저혈압이나타났으나시술 4시간이후완전히회복되었으며심초음파검사상시술전과심혈관계의차이가없음을확인하였다. 모든예에서신경학적증상이나혈관계이상은없었다. 수상당시의함몰비 (compression ratio) 는 0.54±0.11 이었고시술직후는 0.75±0.13 으로회복되었다. 추체함몰의정도는추시 3 개월, 9개월, 15개월, 24개월째 0.71±0.12, 0.69±0.25, 0.68 ±0.07, 0.63±0.06 의값을나타내었다. 신생골절은 1예에서존재하였으며 1예에서제 12흉추 ( 기존제 2요추골절 ) 에서발생하였다. 시술후 12~15 시간경과후 VAS 의변화및시술후입원기간은두군간에유의한차이는없었으며 (p=0.613, 0.655), 주입된시멘트양은 2군에서유의하게적었다 (p=0.034). 수상당시와시술직후의추체회복의정도는두군간에통계학적차이는없었다 (p=0.087). 함몰의정도역시 4번의추시계측상유의한차이는없었다 (p=0.285, 0.270, 0.821, 0.577). 관찰자간, 관찰자내함몰정도계측시 Kappa 값은모두우수한수치를보였다 (0.79, 0.82, 0.86, 0.77). 신생골절의빈도는 2군에서유의하게 1군에비해적었다 (p=0.041). 고찰 점차로고령화되는사회와노인인구의사회적, 육체적활동의증가등의이유로척추골절의빈도가과거에비해상당히증가하고있는추세이다. 특히고에너지손상에의한척추골절및탈구와는달리골다공증으로인한척추압박, 방출성골절은저에너지손상이주된기전으로알려져있다. 그동안고령의척추골절은약 3~6주간의침상안정및보조기치료가주된치료법이었다. 14,15) 경피적척추성형술은척추체내에골시멘트 (polymethylmethacrylat, PMMA), 알코올등의각종물질을주입시키는시술로서 1984 년 Galibert 등 16) 이처음으로통증을일으키는척추체의혈관종에골시멘트를주입하여통증완화를보고한바가있다. 이후여러연구에서혈관종이외에도골다공증으로인한압박골절, 척추체를침범하는악성종양등에대해서도뛰어난통증완화효과가입증되었다. 골다공증이없는정상의골기질의경우보존적치료뿐아니라신경학적손상유무를고려하여후종인대를이용한 ligamentotaxis 의후방정복, 17) 기기고정술또는후방유합술등이적응이되나골다공증이있는고령의환자에서는내과적질환, 전신마취에대한부담등의이유로국소마취후시행가능한척추성형술이정형외과의들이선호하는방법이되었다. 대부분양측척추경을통한후외방도달법으로한쪽당 4~5 cc정도의시멘트를주입하는방법으로주로골절부위의압통 (tenderness) 이주된증상인경우좋은적응증이된다고알려져있다. 척추성형술후통증의소실기전은골절된추체의안정화에의한골간 (intraosseous) 또는골막신경 (periosteal nerve) 의기계적자극방지, 추체강도의보강효과, 시멘트와혼합된레진 (resin) 의열로인한신경차단효과들이있다. 1,18) 대개의연구들에의하면성형술후 1~2일이내의증상의호전이있음을 VAS 점수를통해확인되었으며이후척추코르셋이나윌리엄보조기 (William Brace), 테일러보조기 (Taylor Brace) 착용후퇴원이가능하다. 66
5 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty (UPVP) 한편, 외래나응급실을통해내원한골다공증성압박 / 방출성골절환자의경우대개어느한쪽이더심한함몰을나타내는경우가많았으며고령의환자들에대해서추체의높이회복에치료의주안점을뒀을때함몰이심한쪽만높이를회복하여도양측에시행하는방법과큰차이가없을것이라는가설에의해본연구를계획하였다. 기존에보고된단측도달법을통한척추성형술은시멘트충진양과충진의방향이전통적양측방법과유사한것이나저자들의방법은시멘트충진을편측추체에만국한시켰고, 그양은최대 4 cc로제한을했다는데그의미가있다. 연구결과, 전통적방법에의한척추성형술 (conventional vertebroplasty, VP) 외에도저자들이고안한방법 (unilateral partial vertebroplasty, UPVP) 에서도모두에서우수한 VAS 의변화를확인하였으며입원기간도 2~3일정도로짧아오랜침상안정으로인한합병증 (comorbidity) 을줄이는데효과가있고조기보행이가능함을확인하였다. 즉, 최소 2년간의추시상에서는방사선학적평가에서편측, 부분적척추성형술 (UPVP) 으로도추체유지및추시상유지가능성이있는것으로판단된다. 간편하면서도전신마취의부담이적은척추성형술이지만잘알려진시술시의합병증들로는시멘트의경막외유출, 추간판내유출, 신경공부위로의유출, 정맥계로의유입, 일과성저혈압, 드물지만시멘트색전의정맥계유입후급성호흡부전등이보고되고있으며특히, 후방주 (posterior column) 의불안정성방출성골절에서그위험이높다고알려져있다. 장기추시를통해밝혀진합병증으로는성형술시행척추체의추가적함몰, 인접분절의신생골절의발생등이있다. Heini 등 19) 의연구에의하면골절된추체의쐐기형태가척추의만곡변화를유발한다고밝혀졌으며, White 등 20) 의연구에서는설령척추성형술이쐐기형태로부터최대한회복을하더라도시상면상의만곡변화로인해인접추체에기계적부하를증가시켜골절의빈도를높이는것으로알려졌다. 이들은유한요소연구를통해쐐기형태의추체는굴곡모멘트 (flexion moment) 가증가하고쐐기모양의추체함몰이이차적인접추체의신생골절의인자임을지적하였다. 즉, 시멘트주입으로정상골에해당하는수치보다강도 (stiffness) 는증가하고상, 하추체보다순응도는감소하게되며이후척추분절간의생역학의변화로인해기계적부하가증가된인접분절에서신생골절이발생한다고하였다. 21,22) 한편, Boger 등 23) 은 sodium hyaluronat 35% 의액상분율 lowmodulus 시멘트를이용하여일반시멘트보다추체의피로강도를골에근접하도록유지하는실험을하여보다우수한결과를보고하였다. 이들은보다우수한임상결과를얻기위해 추체유지 와 정상골에근접한기질을이용한보강 의두상반된개념을고려해야한다고판단하였다. Chen 등 15) 은골다공증성압박골절후의골내진공균열 (intraosseous vacuum cleft) 환자들에서편측척추경을통한척추성형술을시행하여양측척추경을통한척추성형술과비슷하게우수한결과를보였다. 이들은추체내에형성된공간으로편측에서만골시멘트를주입하여골내균열의공간을통해골시멘트가퍼지도록한것이다. 저자들은단순촬영및자기공명영상촬영으로함몰이보다심한편측척추경을통해추체의편측과중앙에시멘트를삽입하여가능한적은양으로척추높이회복이가능하도록하여시멘트양을줄여인접분절신생골절을줄일수있을것이라는판단하에유사한 BMD를지닌환자군을이미우수한효과가입증된전통적척추성형술을시행함과동시에일부환자에서는편측부분척추성형술을시행하여추시를진행해온바 Unilateral and partial vertebroplasty 가양측에주입하는방법에비해더적은양으로추체높이를회복할수있었고추시상신생골절의발생율도유의하게낮음을관찰하였다. 이번연구에서는인접분절신생골절의예가편측부분척추성형술에서단 1예만이발생하였으나바로인접한부분에서발생한것이아닌것이사실이다. 이번연구의신생골절의모든예가명확한외상력이없이발생하였지만이들의발생기전과위험인자는매우다양하므로전통적방법에비해명확히적다고하기에는비약이있으며이는향후추가적연구를통해규명해야할부분이다. 또한, 편측척추경을통한시멘트삽입을통해시술시간의단축, 비용의감소, 의인성외상을줄일수있을것으로도생각된다. 본연구는환자개개인의골밀도차이에의한추시상함몰의정도및함몰진행의차이를배제하고자특정범위내의골밀도환자를대상으로하였고역시두군간에차이가없는것으로확인이되었고특히, 다분절압박골절환자는연구대상에서제외하였으며골절분절위치도흉-요추부주위로제한을하여시행한전향적연구이다. 다분절압박골절및기존의선행골절에의한다른인접분절의이차적골절에서도 Unilateral and partial vertebroplasty 의효용성이있는가에대해서는더많은증례와더긴추시기간그리고전향적연구를통해규명가능할것으로사료된다. 결론 골다공증성척추압박골절및안정형방출골절에서편측척추경을통한부분척추성형술 (Unilateral partial vertebroplasty) 은전통적인방법에비해더적은양의골시멘트를주입하더라도통증완화정도및입원기간, 추체함몰에있어서임상적차이는없었고인접분절의신생골절비율은더적게나타나양측척추경을통한방법에비해보다우수한방법으로판단되는바이다. 67
6 Jun-Young Yang et al Volume 18 Number 2 June 2011 REFERENCES 1. Cho YS, Cho SD, Kim BS, Park TW, Lew S, Hwang SY. Kummell s disease managed by percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2001;8: Lyles KW, Gold DT, Shipp KM, Pieper CF, Martinez S, Mulhausen PL. Association of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures with Impaired Functional Status. Am J Med. 1993;94: Cooper C, Melton L 3rd. Vertebral Fractures. BMJ. 1992;304: Hasegawa K, Abe M, Washio T, Hara T. An Experimental Study on the Interface Strength between Titanium Mesh Cage and Vertebra in Reference to Vertebral Bone Mineral Density. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26: Lotz JC, Hu SS, Chiu DF, Yu M, Colliou O, Poser RD. Carbonated Apatite Cement Augmentation of Pedicle Screw Fixation in the Lumbar Spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;22: Moore DC, Maitra RS, Farjo LA, Graziano GP, Goldstein SA. Restoration of Pedicle Screw Fixation with an in situ setting Calcium Phosphate Cement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;22: Ryu KS, Park CK. A Management for Osteoporotic Bursting Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spines in the Aged : Posterior Approach with Intraoperative Vertebroplasty. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2003;33: Kim CH, Choi YJ, Hwang JK, Kim KH, Lee JH, Song JS. Long term outcome of Vertebroplasty in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Compression Fracture. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2005;12: Deramond H, Depriester C, Galibert P, Le Gars D. Percutaneous Vertebroplasty with Polymethylmethacrylate. Technique, indications, and results. Radiol Clin North Am. 1998;36: Liebschner MA, Rosenberg WS, Keaveny TM. Effects of Bone Cement Volume and Distribution on Vertebral Stiffness after Vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26: Belkoff S, Deramond H, Mathis J, Jasper L. Vertebroplasty: The Biomechanical Effect of Cement Volume. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 2000;46: Song JC, Bak KH, Cho DC. Hong HJ, Kim JM, Kim CH. The Effect of Early Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Occult Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture. Korean J spine. 2008;5: Fleiss, JL, Coheni, J. The Equivalence of Weighted Kappa and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as Measures of Reliability. Educ Psychol Meas. 1973;33: Kim BJ, Kim JH, Seo JG, Kim YC. Comparison of the Results of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Treating Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture and Posttraumatic Vertebral Collapse (Kummell s disease). J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2005;12: Chen LH, Lai PL, Chen WJ. Unipedicle Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Spinal Intraosseous Vacuum Cleft. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;435: Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P, Le Gars D. Preliminary Note on the Treatment of Vertebral Angioma by Percutaneous Acrylic Vertebroplasty. Neurochirurgie. 1987;33: Sjöström, L, Karlström G, Pech P, Rauschning W. Indirect Spinal Canal Decompression in Burst Fractures Treated with Pedicle Screw Instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21: Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC. Vertebral Fracture Assessment using a Semiquantitative Technique. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;8: Heini PF, Berlemann U, Kaufmann M, Lippuner K, Fankhauser C, van Landuyt P. Augmentation of Mechanical Properties in Osteoporotic Vertebral Bones--a Biomechanical Investigation of Vertebroplasty Efficacy with Different Bone Cements. Eur Spine J. 2001;10: White AA, Panjabi MM. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Belkoff SM, Maroney M, Fenton DC, Mathis JM. An in vitro Biomechanical Evaluation of Bone used in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty. Bone. 1999;25:23S-6S. 22. Kayanja MM, Togawa D, Lieberman IH. Biomechanical Changes after the Augmentation of Experimental Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures in the Cadaveric Thoracic Spine. Spine J. 2005;5: Boger A, Heini P, Windolf M, Schneider E. Adjacent Vertebral Failure after Vertebroplasty: a Biomechanical Study of Low-modulus PMMA Cement. Eur Spine J. 2007;16:
7 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty (UPVP) 골다공증성척추골절에서편측부분척추성형술의임상결과 양준영 이준규 차수민 주용범충남대학교의학전문대학원정형외과학교실 연구계획 : 전향적임상연구목적 : 골다공증성척추골절의시멘트를이용한척추성형술에서전통적척추성형술과편측척추경을통한부분척추성형술과의임상결과를비교하고자하였다. 선행문헌의요약 : 척추체높이를유지하면서인접분절의골절을최소화할수있는, 시멘트의양을줄일수있는기존의연구는없었다. 대상및방법 : 2004 년부터 2008 년까지 68예를대상으로하였다. 1군 (35예 ) 은양측척추경을통해척추성형술을시행하였고 2군 (33예 ) 은편측척추성형술을시행하였다. 시술후 VAS 점수변화의정도, 입원기간, 주입된시멘트양의차이를비교하였다. 시술후 3개월, 9개월, 15개월, 24개월째추시단순방사선사진에서의추체함몰의진행정도및인접추체의신생골절여부를파악, 비교하였다. 결과 : 1군의 VAS 점수는평균 6.69 에서 2.80 로감소되었으며, 입원기간은시술후평균 2.30 일, 주입된시멘트양은평균 6.50 cc였다. 추체함몰의정도는추시 3개월, 9개월, 15개월, 24개월째평균 0.83, 0.76, 0.69, 0.63 였으며신생골절은 3예에서존재하였다. 2군의 VAS 점수는평균 6.41 에서 2.61 로, 입원기간은시술후평균 2.23 일, 주입된시멘트양은평균 3.74 cc였다. 추체함몰의정도는추시 3개월, 9개월, 15개월, 24개월째평균 0.71, 0.69, 0.68, 0.63 이었다. 신생골절은 1예에서존재하였다. VAS 점수의변화및입원기간은두군간에유의한차이는없었으며, 주입된시멘트양은 2군에서유의하게적었다. 함몰의정도역시 4번의추시계측상유의한차이는없었다. 신생골절의빈도는 2군에서유의하게 1군에비해적었다. 결론 : 골다공증성척추압박골절에서편측부분척추성형술은전통적인방법에비해더적은양의골시멘트를주입하더라도통증완화정도및입원기간, 추체함몰의진행에있어서통계학적유의한차이는없었고, 인접분절의신생골절비율은더적게나타나는바, 양측척추경을통한방법에비해보다우수한방법으로판단되는바이다. 색인단어 : 편측척추경, 골다공증성척추압박골절, 척추성형술, 편측부분척추성형술 약칭제목 : 편측부분척추성형술의임상결과 69
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