untitled
|
|
- 시은 돈
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 대한골절학회지제25권, 제3호, 2012년 7월 Journal of the Korean Fracture Society Vol. 25, No. 3, July, 2012 원저 골다공성잠재성추체골절의진단과추체성형술 안성준ㆍ김부환ㆍ송무호ㆍ유성호ㆍ김영준 대동병원정형외과 목적 : 추체의변형이나붕괴없이발생한골다공성잠재성추체골절의진단에자기공명영상과추체성형술의효용성에대한연구를하고자한다. 대상및방법 : 2003년부터 2009년까지골다공성추체골절로입원한 472 명의환자중골다공성잠재성추체골절로진단된 45명의환자의결과를분석하였다. 각추체의붕괴정도는 Genant 분류를사용하였고, 신뢰도를높이기위해 3명의다른정형외과의사들의분석을종합하였다. 45명중보존적치료에실패한 31명 (37 추체 ) 에서추체성형술후결과는 visual analogue scale (VAS) 을이용하였다. 결과 : 잠재성추체골절 55 추체중 40 추체 (73%) 는추체의변형이있는진구성추체골절이있었던인접부위에발생하였고, 이학적소견과, 방사선사진, 의무기록만으로세명의다른정형외과의사의잠재성골절의진단을재시도한결과진단율은 21.8% 에불과하였다. 술전평균 VAS 는 8.07 에서술후 2.43 으로호전되었고추체의지연붕괴는없었다. 결론 : 잠재성추체골절진단에조영증강자기공명영상은매우중요하다. 잠재성추체골절은골다공성추체골절의 9% 에이르고, 이중 72.7% 는과거의추체변형이있던진구성추체골절바로인접부위에위치하였다. 색인단어 : 척추체, 골다공증, 잠재성추체골절, 추체성형술 The Diagnosis of Osteoporotic Occult Vertebral Fracture and Vertebroplasty Seong Jun Ahn, M.D., Bu Hwan Kim, M.D., Moo Ho Song, M.D., Seong Ho Yoo, M.D., Yeong Joon Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daedong Hospital, Busan, Korea Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis and usefulness of vertebroplasty in osteoporotic occult vertebral fractures. Materials and Methods: Of 472 osteoporotic vertebral fractures treated from May 2003 to July 2009, 45 patients were diagnosed with occult osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Their medical charts and radiographs were reviewed. The degree of vertebral body collapse was graded by a semiquantitative method. In order to increase the reliability, interpretation was based on radiographic diagnoses from 3 orthopedic surgeons. Vertebroplasty was performed at 31 of the 45 patients, for whom conservative treatment failed. Pre-operatively and post-operatively, pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: We observed 55 occult fractures in 45 patients. Forty vertebrae (72.7%) among the 55 vertebrae were just adjacent to an old vertebral fracture with deformation of the vertebral body. The rediagnosis rate of occult fracture attempted without MRI was only 21.8%. The average pre-operative VAS score of 8.07 (6 9) was improved to 2.43 after surgery and showed no delayed vertebral body collapse. Conclusion: Gadolinium enhancement of MRI is critical to the diagnosis of occult vertebral fractures, which are 9% of whole osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Seventy-two point seven percent of occult vertebral fractures were just adjacent to an old vertebral fracture with collapse of the vertebral body. This means that if vertebroplasty is performed without thorough MRI examination, it may fail. Key Words: Vertebra, Osteoporosis, Occult vertebral fracture, Vertebroplasty 통신저자 : 송무호부산시동래구충렬대로 187, 부산대동병원정형외과 Tel: ㆍ Fax: redmaniak@freechal.com 접수 : 심사 ( 수정 ): 1 차 , 2 차 , 3 차 게재확정 : Address reprint requests to:moo Ho Song, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daedong Hospital, 187, Chungnyeoldaero, Dongnae-gu, Busan , Korea Tel: ㆍ Fax: redmaniak@freechal.com 208
2 골다공성잠재성추체골절의진단과추체성형술 209 서 고령화사회가가속화되고있다. 골다공성추체골절로인한장기간의침상안정에도불구하고지속되는동통으로인한사회경제적손실은이루말할수없으며, 그빈도는급속도로늘어나고있다. 추체골절의진단은단순방사선소견에서대개추체모양의붕괴나변형에의존하게된다. 하지만추체모양의붕괴나변형이있어야만골절인가에대해서는의문의여지가있으며, 형태학적붕괴를인식함에있어주관적인편차가존재한다. 또한추체모양의변형이아주경미한경우붕괴에대한공통적이고객관적인기준또한없는실정이다. 저자들은상당한빈도에서추체모양의변형이나붕괴가없음에도임상증상이심하였던잠재성골절이있었음을경험하였고, 단순방사선소견에서간과될수있는잠재성골절의진단에자기공명영상의유용성과, 이에대한추체성형술의효용성에대한문헌고찰과더불어후향적으로연구하였다. 론 대상및방법 2003 년 5 월부터 2009 년 7 월까지전이성골종양이나, 골수종등악성종양을제외한순수한골다공성추체골절로입원한최소 1 년이상의추시가가능하였던 472 명의환자중추체의붕괴나변형이없는골다공성잠재성추체골절로진단된 45 명환자의의무기록, 단순방사선사진, 자기공명영상검사결과를분석하였고, 일부환자 (16 예 ) 만시행한동위원소검사는이번연구에서는포함하지않았다. 평균추시기간은 21.4 개월 (14 29 개월 ) 이었다. 골다공성잠재성추체골절의진단기준은다음과같았다 17). 1. 자기공명영상에서골수부종소견혹은동위원소상에서신선골절이증명된경우 ( 단동위원소의비특이적신호증가소견이있을수있으므로골동위원소검사에서만나타나는음영흡수증가소견은제외하였다.) 2. 단순방사선상에추체의변형이없거나경미 ( 추체의붕괴가 15% 이하 ) 할경우 1,12,18,20) 3. 이상의방사선소견과일치하는급성요통이있는경우 4. 골밀도검사에서골다공증 T score 2.5 이하인경우골다공성잠재성추체골절의진단을위해흉요부통증의이학적소견과단순방사선촬영, 자기공명영상, 골밀도검사를시행하였고자기공명영상에추체의피질골의파단없이골수부종만있는경우잠재성골절에포함하였다. 진단의유용성에대한검증을위해단순방사선소견과자기공명영상을분석하였는데, 단순방사선사진의판독은측면사진에서각추체의붕괴정도를반정량적인분석방법인 Genant 분류 7) 를사용하였고 (Fig. 1), 방사선학적분 석에있어신뢰도를높이기위해 3 명의다른정형외과의사들의의견을종합하였다. Genant 분류는추체의붕괴가조금도없는경우를 0 도, 20 25% 경도의붕괴가있는경우를 1 도, 25 40% 의붕괴가있는경우를 2 도, 40% 이상심한붕괴가있는경우를 3 도로나누었다. 또한 20% 미만의아주경미한붕괴가있는경우는 0.5 도로분류하였다. 방사선사진에서간과되기쉬운추체골절은단순방사선상에서거의추체의붕괴가없어보이는 0 15% 이하의추체붕괴이므로저자들의잠재성추체골절의진단은 3 명중 2 인이상이 Genant 등급 0.5 도이하로판독한경우를기준으로하였고, 0.5 이하로판정받은예중에서단순방사선상에추체붕괴가명확하지않으나자기공명영상소견에서추체의부종이나신호변화가있는경우로진단하였다 7,17). 자기공명영상소견은추체내골수의이상신호강도위치에따라, 상부종판, 하부종판, 골수전체등으로분류하였다. 또한잠재성골절의진단에자기공명영상의유용성을확인하기위해이학적소견, 의무기록과단순방사선사진세가지요소만으로서로다른정형외과의사들의진단율을검사하였으며, 잠재성골절의발생부위가이전의진구성추체골절이나추체성형술을시행한인접부위에다빈도로발생하였기에그빈도를조사하였다. 45 명의환자중최소 2 주간의침상안정, 물리치료, 투약에도증상의호전이없었던 31 명 (37 추체 ) 에서추체성형술이시행되었고술전, 술후평가를위해 visual analogue scale (VAS) 을사용하였고수술전, 후의 VAS 의변화에대한통계학적검정은 paired Student s t-test 를이용 Fig. 1. The Genant semiquantitative scale, one of the vertebral fracture assessment tools, is classified into 4 grades according to the degree of collapse.
3 210 안성준, 김부환, 송무호, 유성호, 김영준 하여검정하였다. Genant 분류에의한추체붕괴정도가환자의나이, 증상이환기간, 골밀도, 자기공명영상소견과어떤상관관계가있는지 SPSS 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을이용하여상관계수를통한 p-value 가 0.05 미만인경우유의한것으로평가하였다. 결 잠재성추체골절로진단된환자는순수한골다공성추체골절로입원한 472 명중 45 명 (55 추체, 9%) 이었고, 여자가 42 명, 남자는 3 명이었다. 평균나이는 74.6 세 (63 93 세 ) 였다. 단순방사선촬영은전예에서증상발현으로 Fig. 2. The mean of the preop. VAS was 8.07, and that was improved to a VAS of 2.43 after vertebroplasty. VAS: Visual analogue scale, Preop.: Pre-operative, Postop.: Post-operative, F/U: Follow-up. 과 부터수일내에시행하였고증상발현으로부터자기공명영상촬영까지시간은평균 14.5 일 (3 30 일 ) 이었다. 골밀도검사상평균 T score 는 3.65 ( ) 로심한골다공증을동반하였다. 원인은외상의기왕력이 27 예였고, 추체의괴사에기여할수있는기타추정소인으로스테로이드복용 5 예 ( 외상 2 예포함 ), 알코올중독 1 예, 그레이브씨병 1 예, 고콜레스테롤혈증 4 예 ( 외상 1 예포함 ), 특별한소인이없었던예가 10 예였다. 이환된추체는흉추부 11 예, 흉요추부 37 예와요추부 7 예였다. 자기공명영상소견상추체신호강도이상은상부종판 14 예, 하부종판 6 예, 중앙부 3 예, 전체추체에 32 예였다. 잠재성추체골절로진단된 55 추체중 40 추체 (72.7%) 는과거추체의변형이있는진구성추체골절이있었던인접부위에발생하였는데이전에추체성형술의시행하였던추체인접부위에 3 예, 이전의추체압박골절인접부위가 37 예였다. 또한이학적소견과, 방사선사진, 의무기록만으로세명의다른정형외과의사의잠재성골절의진단을재시도한결과진단율은 21.8% 에불과하여, 잠재성추체골절의진단에자기공명영상소견이유용함을확인할수있었다. 추체성형술을시행한 31 명환자의술전평균 VAS 는 8.04 (6 9) 에서술후 2.43 (1 5) 으로호전되었고 (Fig. 2), 최종추시상추체의지연붕괴나증상의악화는없었으나 (Fig. 3, 4), 보존적치료를한 14 명의환자는입원당시 VAS 는평균 6.82 에서입원 2 4 주사이증상의점진적인호전을보여 VAS 2.75 로비교적통증없이보행이가능한 Fig. 3. This patient was proven by magnetic resonance imaging, to have a T12 occult fracture, and this occult fracture developed into delayed body collapse during conservative treatment.
4 골다공성잠재성추체골절의진단과추체성형술 211 Fig. 4. This patient had a T9 occult fracture adjacent to an old fracture with severe body collapse. Delayed collapse was found even after successful conservative therapy. VAS: Visual analogue scale. Fig. 5. This patient had L1 occult fracture and underwent vertebroplasty. A radiograph 1 year after the operation shows no further collapse. The visual analogue scale score was improved from 8 to 1 after vertebroplasty. Note that the occult fracture was just adjacent to the old one with severe body collapse. 상태로퇴원하였으나이중 4 예에서는추시상에서추체의지연붕괴가발생하였으며 (Fig. 5, 6) 보존적치료로증상의호전이있었다. Genant 등급정도와나이, 증상이환기간, 골밀도, 자기공명영상소견정도와는상관관계가없었다 (p>0.05). 고 추체골절의진단은외상이나대사성으로인한양성의원인혹은종양이나골수종과같은악성의원인에의해방사선학적으로추체의붕괴나변형에근거하여의존하는경 찰 향이있으며대부분은척추성형술을통하여우수한임상결과를보이고있다 9,11). 근위대퇴골의잠재성골절 6) 이나천골의불완전골절에대한보고들은 4,8,16) 있어왔으나이와유사한추체골절에대한보고는 2003 년 Kanchiku 등 10) 과 2005 년 Pham 등 17) 에의해추체의붕괴가없는잠재성추체골절에대해언급하기이전에는없었으며잠재성추체골절의조기추체성형술에대한보고는없었다. 추체붕괴에대한평가방법으로정량적분석이있는데, 이는전면, 중간, 후면의추체높이를기준으로상대적인붕괴비율을측정하는것이나 Kleerekoper 등 12) 의연구에서훈련된관찰자들이인지할수있는추체의붕괴는평균
5 212 안성준, 김부환, 송무호, 유성호, 김영준 Fig. 6. This patient with T12 occult fracture showed good clinical and radiological results after early surgical intervention. This fracture was also just adjacent to an old collapsed one. Preop.: Preoperative, VAS: Visual analogue scale, ext: Extension. 13% 였으며, Genant 등의추체붕괴의반정량적측정연구에서도언급한바 15% 이상의붕괴가있어야인지할수있는단점이있다 1,12,18,20). 따라서반정량적분석방법이보다민감도나특이성이높고, 측정간, 측정자간신뢰도가높은것으로알려져있으며 Genant 분류를주로사용한다 7). 본연구에서도 Genant 의반정량적분석을이용하여추체높이를평가하였고, 3 명의조사자중 2 인이상이 0.5 도이하라고평가한경우, 상기기술한진단기준을만족한경우잠재성골절로진단하였고, 자기공명영상과이학적소견, 병력만으로재진단을후향적으로시도한결과진단율이 21.8% 에불과함은고령의환자가뚜렷한외상의기왕력없이허리통증을주소로내원한경우단순방사선소견만으로는인지하기어려워잠재성골절의진단을놓칠수있는가능성이높아자기공명영상촬영과잠재성골절의가능성에대한언급이필요하며, 진단이지연된경우지연성추체변형이발생할수있음을상기시킬필요가있을것으로생각한다 년 Kanchiku 등 10) 은 95 명의골다공성추체골절중추체의붕괴없이자기공명영상에서신호이상소견을보인 10 예의잠재성추체골절이있었음을보고하였고, 신호강도의패턴과위치에따라상부종판, 하부종판, 중앙, 전면, 후면과골수전체에신호이상소견으로분류를하였고골수전체와추체후면에부분신호이상소견을보이는경우보다불안정하다고하였다. 추체전면이나중앙부부분신호강도이상이있었던경우는증상이보다오래지속되었고긴치유기간이소요되었다고했다. 저자들의연구에서보존적치료를한 14 명의환자중 4 예에서추시중추체의지연붕괴가발생하였는데, 이모든경우가자 기공명영상에서추체골수전체에신호강도이상이있었던경우였다. 하지만대부분추체성형술을시행하여자연경과를관찰한대상군은 14 예에불과하여그대상이적어이번연구에서는이에대한검증을할수는없었다 년 Pham 등 17) 은 16 명의환자에서 21 추체의잠재성골절이있음을보고하였고, 모든추체골절이즉각적인추체붕괴를초래하지않았으며, 추시가능한 19 추체중 15 추체에서평균추시 3 개월경지연붕괴가발생하였던점을고려해볼때 Kummell 씨병의초기단계일가능성이있음을언급하였다. 이연구에서잠재성골절의위치가주로요추부였으며생역학적스트레스가다소작은부분이므로일시적으로추체의높이가보존된것이아닌가추측하였다. 왜모든추체골절이즉각적인추체변형을초래하지않고초기에는방사선소견상정상이지만시간이지나가면서지연붕괴를초래하는가에대한의구심에는여러가지가설이있다. 일부는일부골다공성추체골절의 2 단계중붕괴전초기소견으로보는반면, 일부는추체내부에가스음영과함께지연붕괴가일어나는점등을들어잠재성추체골절은 Kummell 씨병의첫단계로보는경우도있다 년 Schinz 등 19) 은 Kummell 씨병의조직학적소견은연골판의괴사, 출혈, 미세골절, 골소주의괴사소견등임을볼때외상과의연관성을추정하였다 년 Lichtenstein 13) 은외상후영양상태, 혈관운동신경 (vasomotor), 신경학적장애가유발되고혈관운동신경반사의연축 (vasomotor reflex spasm) 으로인해신경혈관계의 tone 이소실되어지속적인혈관확장으로인한급속한혈관의흡수가원인이라고하였다 년 Chou 와 Knight 3) 는스테로
6 골다공성잠재성추체골절의진단과추체성형술 213 이드가미세지방색전증을유발하여추체의무혈성괴사를유발할수있다하였고 2002 년 Osterhouse 와 Kettner 15) 는스테로이드장기복용후발생한 Kummell 씨병을보고하면서고인슐린혈증과골수강내지방의축적으로인해혈관의압박 (tamponade) 을유발하게되고, 골수강내세동맥 (arteriole) 의파괴에이어이차적인만성미세골절을유발함을추정하였다. 본연구에서는뚜렷한외상의기왕력은 27 예였고, 스테로이드복용력 5 예, 알코올중독 1 예, 고콜레스테롤혈증이 4 예있었으나잠재성골절과의연관성은입증하기힘들었고이는보다많은증례를통한연구에서그연관성에대한상관관계를조사해보아야할것으로생각한다. 또한잠재성골절의 72.7% 에서진구성골절의인접부위에서발생하였던점은진단적오류뿐아니라추체성형술을할경우수술부위를오판할수있어, 세심하게주의해야할부분으로, 이는진구성골절로인한변형으로인한응력의변화와, 흉요추부에기계적부하가집중되는점등과더불어환자의골질등이복합적으로작용한것으로추정된다. Moulopoulos 등 14) 은추체후면이볼록한경우, 척추경이이환된경우, 요추및경추부에이환된경우, 골수전체에균일한신호이상소견이있는경우에악성일가능성이높다하였다. 하지만대부분의전이성종양은골수전체가이환되기전까지는추체의붕괴가일어나지않는경향이있으므로잠재성추체골절의원인이될수있다. 본연구에서는 15 추체에서전추체에서균일한신호이상소견을보였지만양성이었다 년 Deramond 등 5) 에의해증상을유발하는척추혈관종에대해골시멘트에의한추체성형술이시술된이래추체의악성종양, 골절등으로초래된통증에대해추체를기계적으로안정시키고통증을완화시킬목적으로보편화되고있고 Kummell 씨병에대해서도국내에서 Cho 등 2) 에의해추체성형술로치료후좋은결과를보고한이후많이적용되고있다. 하지만잠재성추체골절에대한추체성형술을이용한치료에대한보고는없다. Pham 등 17) 은 21 추체의잠재성골절중추시가능한 19 추체중 15 추체가 3 개월이내추체의지연붕괴가있었다고하였으나여기에대한치료방법에대하여는기술이없었다. 저자들은 2003 년부터잠재성골절에대해보존적치료에실패한, 2 주이상침상안정과투약에도통증이심한환자에서추체성형술을시행하여추시중이었고이점에착안하여후향적으로조사해본결과추체성형술을시행한 37 예모두가추체의지연붕괴는없었고최종추시현재임상결과또한통증없이양호하였다. 또한잠재성추체골절의발생이추체가함몰된과거의진구성추체골절인접부위에 높은빈도로발생하므로추체성형술을시행하기전에반드시자기공명영상검사를시행하여확인하여수술부위를오판하는일이없도록주의해야할것으로생각한다. 결 잠재성추체골절의진단에있어자기공명영상은매우중요하다. 잠재성추체골절은입원치료를요하였던증상이심한저자들의연구대상군에서전체골다공성추체골절의 9% 에이르고, 이중 72.7% 는과거의추체변형이있었던진구성추체골절바로인접부위에위치하였다. 이는잠재성골절이골다공성추체골절의약 9% 에이르며, 추체성형술을시행하는경우에철저한방사선학적, 임상적고찰없이시행한다면실패할수있음을의미한다. 단순방사선상에추체변형이없는환자라도증상이있는경우, 잠재성추체골절을가능성을의심하여야하며보존적치료에호전이없는경우정확한술전진단후에시행되는추체성형술은효과적인치료방법중하나로생각한다. 론 참고문헌 1) Black DM, Cummings SR, Stone K, Hudes E, Palermo L, Steiger P: A new approach to defining normal vertebral dimensions. J Bone Miner Res, 6: , ) Cho YS, Cho SD, Kim BS, Park TW, Lew S, Hwang SY: Kummell's disease managed by percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Korean Spine Surg, 8: , ) Chou LH, Knight RQ: Idiopathic avascular necrosis of a vertebral body. Case report and literature review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 22: , ) Dasgupta B, Shah N, Brown H, Gordon TE, Tanqueray AB, Mellor JA: Sacral insufficiency fractures: an unsuspected cause of low back pain. Br J Rheumatol, 37: , ) Deramond H, Depriester C, Galibert P, Le Gars D: Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate. Technique, indications, and results. Radiol Clin North Am, 36: , ) Deutsch AL, Mink JH, Waxman AD: Occult fractures of the proximal femur: MR imaging. Radiology, 170: , ) Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC: Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res, 8: , ) Grasland A, Pouchot J, Mathieu A, Paycha F, Vinceneux
7 214 안성준, 김부환, 송무호, 유성호, 김영준 P: Sacral insufficiency fractures: an easily overlooked cause of back pain in elderly women. Arch Intern Med, 156: , ) Hwang JK, Kim CH, Kim JH: Vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fracture: more than 1 year follow up. J Korean Fract Soc, 17: , ) Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kawai S: Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and new classification of the osteoporotic vertebral fracture. J Orthop Sci, 8: , ) Kim C, Choi Y, Baek S, et al: Vertebroplasty on osteoporotic compression fracture. J Korean Fracture Soc, 15: , ) Kleerekoper M, Nelson DA, Peterson EL, Tilley BC: Outcome variables in osteoporosis trials. Bone, 13 Suppl 1: S29-34, ) Lichtenstein L: Diseases of bone and joints. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mosby: 244, ) Moulopoulos LA, Yoshimitsu K, Johnston DA, Leeds NE, Libshitz HI: MR prediction of benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures. J Magn Reson Imaging, 6: , ) Osterhouse MD, Kettner NW: Delayed posttraumatic vertebral collapse with intravertebral vacuum cleft. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 25: , ) Peh WC, Khong PL, Yin Y, et al: Imaging of pelvic insufficiency fractures. Radiographics, 16: , ) Pham T, Azulay-Parrado J, Champsaur P, Chagnaud C, Legré V, Lafforgue P: Occult osteoporotic vertebral fractures: vertebral body fractures without radiologic collapse. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 30: , ) Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD: Ability of vertebral dimensions from a single radiograph to identify fractures. Calcif Tissue Int, 51: 95-99, ) Schinz HR, Baensch WE, Friedl E, Uehlinger E: Roentgen diagnostics. vol. II. 1st ed. New York, Grune & Stratton: , ) Smith-Bindman R, Cummings SR, Steiger P, Genant HK: A comparison of morphometric definitions of vertebral fracture. J Bone Miner Res, 6: 25-34, 1991.
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More information종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례
CSE REPORT 대한족부족관절학회지 제16권 제4호 2012 J Korean Foot nkle Soc. Vol. 16. No. 4. pp.270-275, 2012 종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 정형외과 차성무 장보훈 서진수 Treatment of Talonavicular Subluxation
More information( )Jkfs077.hwp
대한골절학회지제 19 권, 제 3 호, 2006 년 7 월 Journal of the Korean Fractrure Society Vol. 19, N o. 3, July, 2006 골다공증에의한척추체압박골절에대한경피적추체성형술 260 예에대한임상치험예 민상혁김명호박희곤백호동 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 목적 : 골다공증에의한척추체압박골절에서경피적추체성형술의효과와안정성을확인하고임상적결과및합병증등을후향적으로조사하여유용성을확인하고자하였다.
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More information( )Jksc057.hwp
직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information( )Jkfs018.hwp
대한골절학회지제 0 권, 제 1 호, 007 년 1 월 Journal of the Korean Fractrure Society Vol. 0, No. 1, January, 007 골다공증성흉요추부압박골절에서경피적풍선척추성형술의결과에영향을미치는요인 이정희 황대우 * 신재흥 * 홍우성 * 김주완 * 경희대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 국립의료원정형외과 * 목적 : 경피적풍선척추성형술의결과에영향을미치는요인들을분석하고,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
More information202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절
202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 202-208 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2014.49.3.202 www.jkoa.org 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절환자의치료시척추체성형술에추가로시행한선택적신경차단술의임상결과및효용성 민상혁 윤성현 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실
More information005송영일
Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information67_75의학강좌_양승오
Continuing Education Column Imaging Diagnosis of Osteoporotic Fracture Seoung -Oh Yang, MD Department of Radiology, Eulji University College of Medicine E - mail : soyang@eulji.ac.kr Sungjun Kim, MD Department
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More information24 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54:
24 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54: 24-29 https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2019.54.1.24 www.jkoa.org 경피적척추성형술후조기에발생한새로운척추압박골절 김종길 최병열 박영철 김동현 전주예수병원정형외과
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More informationJournal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty (UPVP) in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Jun-Young Y
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Clinical Results of Unilateral Partial Vertebroplasty (UPVP) in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Jun-Young Yang, M.D., June-Kyu Lee, M.D., Soo-Min Cha, M.D., Yong-Bum
More information( ) Jkra076.hwp
Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic
More information16_이주용_155~163.hwp
사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin
More information341 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2018; 53:
341 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2018; 53: 341-349 https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2018.53.4.341 www.jkoa.org 골다공증성흉요추부척추압박골절환자의초기자기공명영상소견과압박률진행의상관관계 황석하 서승표
More informationA Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More informationJournal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression Fracture - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Kim, M.D., Hoon-Jae
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More informationOriginal Article J Korean Soc Spine Surg Dec;24(4): in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral C
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures Sung Lim You, M.D., Young Do Koh, M.D., Shin Woo Choi, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg 2017 Dec;24(4):203-210.
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More information13-11윤형구
대한고관절학회지제 18 권제 1 호 Vol. 18, No. 1, March, 2006 대퇴골두무혈성괴사환자에서의대퇴골골두및경부골절 -4 례보고 - 포천중문의과대학분당차병원정형외과학교실 대퇴골두무혈성괴사환자에서속발되는대퇴골두및경부의골절발생은매우드물며이에대한골절의양상에대한분석과연관된보고는별로이루어져있지않은상태이다. 이에대한국내문헌상보고도거의없는실정이어서, 저자들은무혈성괴사로진단받아추시관찰중인환자들중에서초생달형태의골절과는전혀다른,
More information395-402Ȳ¼º¼ö
395 Fig. 1. Flow diagram showing selection of options for adequate screen recording on the CamStudio 396 Fig. 2 Flow diagram showing the menu buttons on the CamStudio and the process of recording after
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More information충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교
충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~5 2017 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교의과대학마취통증의학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), happycat19@hanmail.net
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More informationJournal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Survival Rate and Risk Factor Analysis in Patients Who Experience a New Fracture after Kyphoplasty Jung-Hoo
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Survival Rate and Risk Factor Analysis in Patients Who Experience a New Fracture after Kyphoplasty Jung-Hoon Kim, M.D., Dong-Hyok Kim, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine
More information05-11-전득수
대한척추외과학회지제 14 권제 3 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 14, No. 3, pp 158~163, 2007 골다공증성척추압박골절에서풍선척추성형술시행시양측척추경접근법과단측척추경접근법의비교 전득수 신원주 양상훈 가천의과학대학교길병원정형외과학교실 Comparison of Unipedicular versus Bipedicular
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information( )Jkfs095.hwp
대한골절학회지제 19 권, 제 4 호, 2006 년 10 월 Journal of the Korean Fractrure Society Vol. 19, N o. 4, October, 2006 팔씨름에의해발생한상완골간부및내상과골절 윤여헌 하종경 * 최경업 * 이관희 신상진 이화여자대학교의과대학목동병원정형외과, 서울적십자병원정형외과 * 목적 : 팔씨름중발생한상완골골절의발생기전및치료의결과를분석하였다.
More information서론
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More informationonline ML Comm CLINICAL ARTICLE J Kor Neurotraumatol Soc 2011;7:29-34 ISSN 경피적척추체성형술로치료한골다공성척추압박골절에서외상에의한영향 : 외상유무에따른방사선학적양상의비교 서울보훈병원신경외과 남
online ML Comm CLINICAL ARTICLE J Kor Neurotraumatol Soc 2011;7:29-34 ISSN 1738-8708 경피적척추체성형술로치료한골다공성척추압박골절에서외상에의한영향 : 외상유무에따른방사선학적양상의비교 서울보훈병원신경외과 남동혁. 박관호. 김태완. 지문표. 김재오 The Effect of Trauma in Osteoporotic
More informationJkafm093.hwp
가정의학회지 2004;25:721-739 비만은 심혈관 질환, 고혈압 및 당뇨병에 각각 위험요인이고 다양한 내과적, 심리적 장애와 연관이 있는 질병이다. 체중감소는 비만한 사람들에 있어 이런 위험을 감소시키고 이들 병발 질환을 호전시킨다고 알려져 있고 일반적으로 많은 사람들에게 건강을 호전시킬 것이라는 믿음이 있어 왔다. 그러나 이런 믿음을 지지하는 연구들은
More informationJournal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures Young-Woo Kim, M.D.,
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures Young-Woo Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Jong-Mun Ha, M.D., Koo-Hyun Jung, M.D. J Korean
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More informationJkcs022(89-113).hwp
대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo
More informationTable 1. Distribution by site and stage of laryngeal cancer Supraglottic Glottic Transglottic Total Stage Total 20
KISEP Head and Neck Korean J Otolaryngol 1999;42:1284-9 후두암수술환자에대한치료성적 송달원 김희준 정현수 김영한 안재현 이복수 박선호 Treatment Result in Laryngeal Cancer Patients Submitted to Surgical Treatment Dal Won Song, MD, Hee Jun
More information001-학회지소개(영)
Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous
More informationKaes017.hwp
갑상선의 Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma Insular Carcinoma: An Aggressive Subtype of Differentiated Thyroid Neoplasms Seok-Jin Nam, M.D., Sang-Dal Lee, M.D., Hal-lin Park, M.D., Young-Ryun Oh, M.D.
More informationTrd022.hwp
김신태, 이선녕, 이석정, 정필문, 박홍준, 신명상, 김종환, 이부길, 김상하, 리원연, 신계철, 용석중 Shin-Tae Kim, M.D., Shun Nyung Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong Lee, M.D., Pil Moon Jung, M.D., Hong Jun Park, M.D., Myung Sang Shin, M.D., Chong Whan Kim,
More information12-06나영곤
대한고관절학회지제 21 권제 1 호 Vol. 21, No. 1, March, 2009 증 례 다평면재구성전산화단층촬영으로진단한대퇴골전자간불완전골절 - 증례보고 - 나영곤 권영삼 이영균 유정준 김희중 서울대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 다평면재구성전산화단층촬영 (multiplanar reconstruction computerized tomography) 으로확인한
More informationJkss hwp
급성복증을보이는감염성요막관기형 Infected Urachal Remnants with Symtoms of the Acute Abdomen: The Differential Diagnosis & Proper Management Jan Dy Lee, M.D., Chee Young Lim, M.D. 1, Hyoung Il Kim, M.D. 1, Chul Woon Chung,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education
More information16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More information¼Û±âÇõ
223 Table 1. Results of FEV 1.0, Methacholine Challenge Test, and Exercise Provocation Test in Eight Patients Who Performed PFT Pts Tests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FEV 1.0 (%pred) 66.6 88.8 120 101 90.5 95.4 91.6
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More information2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )
Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee
More information<4D F736F F F696E74202D20C1F7C0E5C7D7B9AEB1E2C7FC20C8AFBEC6BFA1BCAD20B5BFB9DDC7CFB4C220C0CCBAD0C3B4C3DFC1F52E707074>
직장항문기형환아에서동반하는이분척추증 -12 예환아에대한전향적연구 김성민 1, 장혜경 2, 심규원 3, 김동석 3, 오정탁 2, 최승훈 4, 한석주 2 연세대학교의과대학외과학교실, 용인세브란스병원외과 1 연세대학교의과대학외과학교실, 세브란스어린이병원소아외과 2 연세대학교의과대학신경외과학교실, 세브란스어린이병원소아신경외과 3 연세대학교의과대학외과학교실, 강남세브란스병원소아외과
More information44-4대지.07이영희532~
A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who
More information227-233Â÷¼øÁÖ
227 228 Table 1. The Results of PSNR (db) for Various Compression Rate Modality Case 5:1 10:1 20:1 40:1 80:1 MR 9 71.68 2.37 60.54 2.51 52.85 2.53 48.54 2.29 44.09 2.47 CT 9 51.90 1.67 63.70 2.02 57.32
More informationJksvs019(8-15).hwp
Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The
More informationJkbcs032.hwp
Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments
More informationuntitled
대한수혈학회지:제권 제호, 0 한 대학병원의 혈액 폐기 분석 김병철ㆍ서영익ㆍ채금란ㆍ신정원ㆍ최태윤 = Abstract = 순천향대학교 의과대학 서울병원 진단검사의학교실 Analysis of Discarded Blood Components at a University Hospital in Korea Byung Chul Kim, Young Ik Seo, Gum Ran
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
More informationContinuing Education Column Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament(OPLL) of Cervical Spine Ki Hong Cho, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery Ajou
Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament(OPLL) of Cervical Spine Ki Hong Cho, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery Ajou University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : khcho54@ajou.ac.kr Abstract
More information±èÇ¥³â
533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More informationTable 1. One segment Multiple segment Patients no. 191 47 Sex M 29 10 F 162 37 Treated segment Thoracic 21 51 Thoraco-lmbar junction 135 Lumbar 35 50
Original Article J. of Advanced Spine Surgery Volume 1, Number 1, pp 23~30 JASS Factors Affecting Surgical Outcome after Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty in Osteoporotic Compression Fracture Seok Woo Kim,
More information* ** *** ****
* ** *** **** - 47 - - 48 - - 49 - - 50 - - 51 - 구분범주빈도 ( 명 ) 비율 (%) 성별연령장애유형장애정도 남자 92 65.71 여자 48 34.28 3~6세 ( 학령전기 ) 70 50.00 7~10세 ( 학령기 ) 70 50.00 자폐성장애 53 37.85 지적장애 71 50.71 기타 16 11.42 경미한정도 31
More informationMicrosoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016)
Sang Jun Kim, MD, PhD Application of 3D Printing in the Orthotic Fields Hallux Valgus, Charcot Marie Tooth, ADL Kit, Foot Insole, Wrist Pain, Foot Drop Development of Automated Program for Ankle Foot Orthosis
More informationJournal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Tardy Spinal Cord Compression without Bone Cement Leakage after Kyphoplasty - A Report of 3 Cases - Dong Ki
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Tardy Spinal Cord Compression without Bone Cement Leakage after Kyphoplasty - A Report of 3 Cases - Dong Ki Ahn, M.D., Dea Jung Choi, M.D., Hoon Seok Park, M.D.,
More informationÀå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö
Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple
More information01-노정호
대한척추외과학회지제 15 권제 2 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 67~72, 2008 흉요추부골절에서자기공명영상의임상적중요성 노정호 # 정남수 박정욱 신동선 전창훈 아주대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 성민병원정형외과 # Clinical Importance of MRI in Thoracolumbar Spinal
More informationJournal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Lower-Pressure Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Using Larger-Diameter Bone-Cement Fillers Dong Ki Ahn, M.D., Son
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Lower-Pressure Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Using Larger-Diameter Bone-Cement Fillers Dong Ki Ahn, M.D., Song Lee, M.D., Dae Jung Choi, M.D., Hoon Seok Park, M.D.,
More informationuntitled
Anesth Pain Med 2014; 9: 165-169 증례보고 급속히전신상태가악화되는다발성척추압박골절환자에서시행한다구간척추성형술 - 증례보고 - 이화여자대학교의학전문대학원마취통증의학과 변종민ㆍ박학수ㆍ김진 One-stage multi-level vertebroplasty for a patient with a rapidly deteriorating condition
More information제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou
제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuous vs single injection, interscalene vs supraclavicular approach 의정부성모병원
More informationMicrosoft Word - 20-김용민.DOC
대한골절학회지제 17 권, 제 2 호, 2004 년 4 월 Journal of the Korean Fracture Society Vol. 17, No. 2, April, 2004 흉요추부골절에서자기공명영상을통하여진단된골및연부조직손상의진단 김용민 김동수 최의성 손현철 박경진 한기석 * 정재중 정경일 김융성 충북대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 진단방사선과학교실 *
More information<30362DB1E8BAB8B6F72DC1F5B7CA2DBFCF2E687770>
Case Report J Korean Geriatr Soc 2009;13(2):191-200 흉추부척추압박골절의지연된속발성압박골절 건국대학교의학전문대학원재활의학교실 김보람 이인식 고성은 김세원 김승범 김선유 Delayed Subsequent Refracture of a Thoracolumbar Vertebral Compression Fracture Bo Ram
More informationAnalyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences
More information(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp
Biliary Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma of the Liver Jae Hoon Lee, M.D., Dong Ho Choi, M.D. 1, Kyeong Geun Lee, M.D., Hwon Kyum Park M.D. and Kwang Soo Lee, M.D. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine,
More information( )Jkoa112.hwp
J Korean Orthop Assoc 2006; 41: 680-686 80 세이상노인의대퇴경부골절에시행한무시멘트형양극성고관절반치환술 박시영 * 양익환 김성환 한창동 Cementless Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture in Patients More than Eighty Years Old Purpose:
More information1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.
More information. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )
. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).
More information08-06김정호
대한고관절학회지제 19 권제 3 호 Vol. 19, No. 3, September, 2007 외상성고관절후방탈구에동반된대퇴골두골절의치료 김정호 이상홍 문영래 김동휘 송근상 조선대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 목적 : 대퇴골두골절이동반된후방탈구환자의 Pipkin 분류에따른치료결과및합병증등을알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 대퇴골두골절을동반한후방탈구중 Thompson-Epstein
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information109~120 õÃʾàħ Ä¡·á
109 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.3.109 Received : 10. 08. 13 Revised : 10. 09. 06 A Case Study Of Patients With Knee Joint Pain Treated With Rubiae Radix Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 09. 07 Key Words:
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency
More information