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1 대한골절학회지제 19 권, 제 3 호, 2006 년 7 월 Journal of the Korean Fractrure Society Vol. 19, N o. 3, July, 2006 골다공증에의한척추체압박골절에대한경피적추체성형술 260 예에대한임상치험예 민상혁김명호박희곤백호동 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 목적 : 골다공증에의한척추체압박골절에서경피적추체성형술의효과와안정성을확인하고임상적결과및합병증등을후향적으로조사하여유용성을확인하고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 1999 년 7월부터 2004 년 7월까지골다공증에의한척추체의압박골절을치료하기위해서경피적추체성형술을시행하였던 260 명을대상으로하였다. 남자가 55명, 여자가 205 명이었으며평균나이는 69.4 세 (55-91 세 ) 였다. 골시멘트를이용한경피적추체성형술을시행하였으며, 시술전후로통증의등급표를작성하여이를기준으로통증의변화정도를관찰하였다. 시술후단순방사선사진과컴퓨터단층촬영, 동맥혈검사, 단순흉부방사선검사촬영을통해합병증여부를평가하였다. 1주째추시방사선검사를시행하였고환자의증상호전정도및시술후합병증등을파악하였다. 외래추시 1년마다골밀도검사를하였으며 2년이상골다공증약투여를권장하였다. 1년째외래추시상평가한임상결과는우수, 양호, 저하, 불량으로나누어평가하였다. 또한 VAS (visual analogue scale, 0 10) 동통점수를이용하여시술 1주째와 1년째에대해변화를평가하였다. 통계학적분석은 SPSS (version 11.0) 을사용하여 t-test 를이용하였고 p 0.05 를통계적유의수준으로하였다. 결과 : 시술후증상의호전정도는 1주째에우수 73명 (28.3%), 양호 123명 (45.5%), 보통 45명 (17.8%), 불량 23명 (8.5%) 으로전체대상환자의 73.8% 에서양호이상의호전을보였으며 1년추시상에서우수 76명 (29.3%), 양호 120명 (44.3%), 보통 43명 (16.8%), 불량 25명 (9.6%) 으로전체대상환자의 73.6% 에서양호이상의호전을보여시술직후와 1년추시상결과에큰차이가없었다. 합병증으로혈흉으로인한사망이 1예, 부정맥이발생이 4예있었으며, 인접추체의추가압박골절이 15명 (21 추체 ) 에서관찰되었다. 결론 : 골시멘트를이용한경피적추체성형술은골다공증성척추체압박골절환자의치료에있어수술후즉각적인통증의완화와장기추시상큰차이가없어고령의환자에서장기간의견인술및침상안정에따른합병증을예방할수있으며, 보조기착용없이조기보행이가능하여골다공증에의한척추체흉요추부압박골절환자의치료에유용한술식으로생각된다. 색인단어 : 골다공증, 압박골절, 경피적추체성형술 A Clinical Analysis of 260 Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Compression Fracture Sang-Hyuk Min, M.D., Myung-Ho Kim, M.D., Hee-Gon Park, M.D., Ho-Dong Paik, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea Purpose: To evaluate retrospectively the results regarding pain relief, complication after percutaneous vertebroplasty, for an osteoporotic compression fractures. Materials and Methods: 260 patients (male 55, female 260, mean age 69.4 years old) treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty in Dankook University Hospital from July 1997 to July 2004 were reviewed. We performed percutaneous vertebroplasty and observed the degree of pain relief using pain scale pre-/postoperation. we evaluate the complication by plain radiographs and computed tomography, ABGA and chest X-ray. we evaluate pain relief and complication for 1 week by follow- up plain radiographs. we recommended BMD follow-up per 1 year and osteoporosis medication at least 2 years. A clinical result was evaluated as excellent, good, fair, poor and visual analogue scale (VAS 0 10) for 1 year. We prefaced a statistical analysis by T-test using SPSS (version 11.0) correlating 1 week and 1 years effects. Results: 73 (28.3%) of the patients were evaluated as excellent: 123 (45.5%), as good: 45 (17.8%), as fair; and 23 (8.5%), as poor, show 73.8% over good in 1 week. 76 (29.3%) of the patients were evaluated as excellent; 120 (44.3%), as good; 43 (16.8%), as fair; and 25 (9.6%), as poor in 1 year, show 73.6% over good result. 1 week follow-up and 1 year follow-up show similar results. 1 patient had death (hemothorax), 4 patients had arrhythmia, 15 patients (21 vertebrae) had fracture around vertebroplasty. Conclusion: Percutaneous vertebroplasty using PMMA is valuable method in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fracture, providing immediately pain relief, long term pain relief, prevention of complication originated from long term traction and bed rest, unwearing brace and early ambulation. Key Words: Osteoporosis, Compression fracture, Percutaneous vertebroplasty 통신저자 김명호 Address reprint requests to Myung-Ho Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, 16-5 Anseo-dong, Cheonan , Korea Tel Fax Tel Fax myungho@dku.edu myungho@dku.edu 357
2 358 서 론 2. 시술방법및술후처치 대상및방법 1. 대상 3. 평가방법 Table 2. Site of fracture Site Number Percentage (%) T T T T T T Table 1. Cause of fracture T Cause Number of cases T T Slip down 116 L Minor trauma 78 L Fall from a height 34 L Strenuous work 24 L Traffic accident 8 L Total 260 Total
3 359 골다공증에 의한 척추체 압박골절에 대한 경피적 추체 성형술 260예에 대한 임상 치험예 우수 (excellent), 통증이 일부 남아 있으나 투약이 필요할 정 도는 아닌 상태를 양호 (good), 통증이 일부 남아 있어 투약 이 필요한 경우를 보통 (fair), 통증의 호전이 전혀 없거나 악 화된 경우를 불량 (poor)으로 분류하였다. 또한 VAS (visual analogue scale, 0 10) 동통점수를 이용하여 시술 1주째와 1년째에 대해 변화를 평가하였다. 통계학적 분석은 SPSS (version 11.0)을 사용하여 t-test를 이용하였고 p 0.05를 통 계적 유의 수준으로 하였다. 결 과 추체 성형술 시 주입한 골 시멘트의 양은 하나의 척추체에 평균 5.6 cc ( cc)가 주입되었으며. 단측 척추경 주 입이 16추체 (4.0%), 양측 척추경 주입이 378추체 (96%)였 다. 수상 후 시술까지의 기간은 평균 21.8일 (4 90일)이었 고 시술 후 입원기간은 평균 3일 (2 7일)이었다. 단추체로 시술한 예가 161예, 2추체이 68예, 3추체 이상이 31예였다. 시술 후 증상의 호전 정도는 1주째에 우수 73명 (28.3%), 양호 123명 (45.5%), 보통 45명 (17.8%), 불량 23명 (8.5%) 으로 전체 대상 환자의 73.8%에서 양호 이상의 호전을 보였 으며 1년 추시상 우수 76명 (29.3%), 양호 120명 (44.3%), 보통 43명 (16.8%), 불량 25명 (9.6%)으로 전체 대상 환자의 73.6%에서 양호 이상의 호전을 보였다. p 0.05로 1주 추시 와 1년 추시간의 통계학적 유의성은 없었다 (Table 3). VAS 동통 점수는 시술 전 평균 8.64 (7 10)에서 시술 후 1주 추 시에서 평균 1.36, 1년 추시에서 평균 1.39로 유사한 결과를 얻었으며, p 0.05 로 1주 추시와 1년 추시 간의 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 합병증은 혈흉으로 인한 사망이 1예, 부정 맥이 발생한 예가 4예였다. CT를 시행한 260예 중 척추강 내 누출 57명, 척추주위 누출 39명으로 96명 (37%)에서 골 시멘트 누출 되었으나 증상을 유발하지는 않았다. 혈흉으로 인한 사망한 예는 시술 직후 단순 방사선 사진 과 컴퓨터 단층 촬영에서 심한 골 시멘트의 누출 소견을 보 였다. 시술 후 2일째부터 호흡 곤란이 관찰되었고 흉부 방사 선 소견에서 좌측 폐에 혈흉이 관찰되어 흉관 삽입술 및 심 폐소생술을 시행하였으나 술 후 5일째 사망하였다 (Fig. 1). Table 3. Clinical outcomes ꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚꠚ Follow up Grading number of cases ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ Excellent Good Fair Poor Sum ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ 1 week 1 year 73 (28.3%) 76 (29.3%) 123 (45.5%) 120 (44.3%) 45 (17.8%) 43 (16.8%) 23 (8.5%) 25 (9.6%) 260 (100%) 260 (100%) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ *Excellent: Pain was subsided completely, Good: A litte of the pain was remained that does not need the pain killer, Fair: A litte of the pain was remained that need the pain killer, Poor: No improvement of pain or aggravation of the pain. Fig. 1. An 80-year-old female has osteoporotic compression fracture of 3rd, 4th, and 5th lumbar vertebrae. (A, B) Anteroposterior and lateral roentgenogram show leakage of PMMA along the vessel. (C) Computed tomography (CT) shows leakage of PMMA. (D) She has a hemothorax in 6th day after vertebroplasty.
4 360 고찰
5 361 참고문헌 1) Barr JD, Barr MS, Lemley TJ and McCann RM: Percutaneous vertebroplasty for pain relief and spinal stabilization. Spine, 25: , ) Bostrom MP and Lane JM: Future directions. Augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral bodies. Spine, 22: 38S-42S, ) Cotton A, Boutry N, Cortet B, et al: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: State of the art, Radiographics, 18: , ) Deramond H, Depriester C, Galibert P and Le Gars D: Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate. Technique, indications, and redults. Radiol Clin North Am, 36: ) Evans AJ, Jensen ME, Kip KE, et al: Vertebral compression fractures: pain reduction and improvement in functional mobility after percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplsty re- trospective report of 245 cases. Radiology, 226: , ) Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P and Le Gars D: Note preliminaire sur le traitenent des angiomes vertebraux par vertebroplastie acrylique percutanee. Neurochirurgie, 233: , ) Galibert P and Deramond H: Percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty as a treatment of vertebral angioma as well as pain- ful and debilitating diseases. Chirurgie, 116: , ) Jensen ME, Evans AJ, Mathis JM, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ and Dion JE: Percutaneous polymethylmethacylate vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compres- sion fractures: technical aspects. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 18: , ) Kim CH, Choi YJ, Baek SK, et al: Vertebroplasty on osteoprotic compression fracture. J Korean Fracture Soc, 15: 결론 , ) Mathis JM, Petri M and Naff N: Percutaneous vertebroplasy treatment of steroid-induced osteoporotic compression fractures. Arthritis Rheum, 41: , ) McLaughlin RE, DiFazio CA, Hakala M, et al: Blood clearance and acute pulmonary toxicity of methylmethacrylate in dogs after simulated arthroplasty and intraveneous injection. J Bone Joint Surg, 55-A: , ) Mousavi P, Roth S, Finkelsteion J, Cheung G and Whyne C: Volumetric quantification of cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty in metastatic and osteoporotic ver-
6 362 tebrae. J Neurosurg. 99: 56-59, ) Park HG, Kim MH, Yoo MJ, et al: Complication after vertebroplasty of treatment for compression fracture with osteoporosis. J Korean Fracture Soc, 16: , ) Perez-Higueras A, Alvarez L, Rossi RE, Quinones D and Al-Assir I: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: long-term clinical and radiological outcome. Neroradiology, 44: , ) Schildhauer TA, Bennett AP, Wright TM, Lane JM and O Leary PF: Intravertebral body reconstruction with an injectable in situ-setting carbonated apatite: biomechanical evaluation of a minimally invasive technique. J Orthop Res, 17: 67-72, ) Shin KS, Kim JS, Lee DW and Heo JK: Surgical treatment of root injury after percutaneous vertebroplasty: case report. J Korean Soc Spine Surg, 9: 54-58, ) Weill A, Chiras J, Simon JM, Rose M, Sola-Martinez T and Enkaoua E: Spinal metastases: Indications for and results of percutaneous injection of acrylic surgical cement, Radiology, 199: ) Yeom JS, Kim WJ, Choy WS, Lee CK, Chang BS and Kang JW: Leakage of cement in percutaneous transpedicular vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic compression fractures. J Bone Joint Surg, 85-B: 83-89, 2003.
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