원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 3, No. 3: , July 진단혈액학 Mindray BC-6800 자동혈구분석기의유용성평가 Evaluation of the M
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1 원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 3, No. 3: , July 13 진단혈액학 Mindray BC-68 자동혈구분석기의유용성평가 Evaluation of the Mindray BC-68 Complete Blood Counts Analyzer 조윤아 김미영 김한성 강희정 이영경 Yun-A Jo, M.D., MiYoung Kim, M.D., Han-Sung Kim, M.D., Hee Jung Kang, M.D., Young Kyung Lee, M.D. 한림대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea Background: The BC-68 (Mindray, China) is a recently developed hematology analyzer that utilizes SF Cube Technology to improve the reliability of complete blood counts (CBC), white blood cell (WBC) differentials, and erythroblast counts. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the BC-68 for CBC, WBC differentials, reticulocyte counts, and erythroblast counts and analyzed the efficiency of its flag system. Methods: Specimens from 1 healthy controls and 95 patients were used. We performed precision and correlation studies of CBC, WBC differentials, reticulocyte counts, and erythroblast counts. We also analyzed the efficiency of the flag system in detecting abnormal blood cells. Results: The coefficients of variation (CVs) of precision were <2% for most CBC parameters and <5% for neutrophil, eosinophil, and reticulocyte counts. The results obtained using the BC-68 were well correlated with those of the ADVIA 21 (Siemens, USA) and LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation, USA). The correlation coefficients (r) were >.98 for CBC except erythrocyte indices, and >.95 for WBC differentials except monocyte and basophil. The WBC differentials and erythroblast counts obtained using the BC-68 were well correlated with those of manual counts. The efficiencies of the flag system were 77.9% for Blasts, 82.1% for Immature Gran, 86.3% for Atypical Lymph, and 92.6% for NRBC present. Conclusions: The BC-68 showed good precision and correlation with pre-existing hematology analyzers. The flag systems were quite efficient for detecting abnormal blood cells. Our study demonstrated that the BC-68 hematology analyzer exhibits suitable performance and is helpful in routine laboratories. Key Words: BC-68, Hematology analyzer, CBC, Erythroblast, Flag 서론 전혈구계산 (Complete blood count, CBC) 과백혈구감별계산은 혈액질환뿐만아니라다양한질환의진단에있어기본검사이며, 가장널리시행되는검사중하나이다 [1, 2]. 따라서, 빠르고정확한 Corresponding author: Young Kyung Lee Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro, 17 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang 431-7, Korea Tel: , Fax: , lyoungk@hallym.or.kr Received: December 31, 12 Revision received: February 28, 13 Accepted: April 22, 13 This article is available from 13, Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 검사결과의보고가환자진료에있어매우중요하고, 이를위해다양한자동혈구분석기들이개발되어사용되고있다 [1]. 자동혈구분석기는전통적으로전기저항이나광산란원리를기본으로사용하고있는데, 최근개발된자동혈구분석기는여기에세포화학적염색이나유세포분석과같은원리를추가로도입하거나, 여러가지측정원리를동시에적용함으로써보다정확한결과를얻기위한시도가끊임없이진행되어오고있다 [1-4]. 또한질환에서나타날수있는비정상혈구를구분하여검사자로하여금추가적으로검토하게할수있는다양한경고 (flag) 체제를제시함으로써이러한검체에대해수기법등을이용한검토가용이해지고, 보다정확한결과를보고할수있도록하고있다 [1]. 최근개발된 BC-68 (Mindray, Shenzhen, China) 은 CBC와 5종백혈구감별계산, 망상적혈구수측정, 유핵적혈구수측정이가능한자동혈구분석기이다. BC-68 (Mindray) 은광산란원리와 DNA/ RNA 형광염색법원리를동시에적용하여혈구세포를측정하는 eissn
2 Laser source Side laser scatter (Cellular complexity) Fluorescence signals (DNA/RNA information) Forward laser scatter (cell size) 감별계산을시행할경우시간당약 125검체를처리할수있는능력을가지고있다. BC-68 (Mindray) 에도입된 SF Cube 기술 은광산란원리에 DNA/RNA 형광염색법을더해서측정하는방식으로 DIFF, RET, NRBC 3개의채널이여기에해당된다. 전혈을각채널에분주하여빛을쏘아세포의크기와세포내구성물을측정하고각세포의형광염색의정도에따라세포의 DNA/RNA 함유정도를측정하여세포를구분한다. RBC/PLT 채널은전기저항법을이용하며, 소구성적혈구나거대혈소판또는혈소판응집과같이적혈구와혈소판구분이명확하지않은경우 RET 채널의분석결과를스스로이용하여구분이가능하게하도록하고있다. Fig. 1. SF Cube Technology of the BC-68. After reaction with reagents, the blood cells undergo 3D analysis using information from laser light scatter at two angles and fluorescence signals. SF Cube 기술 을특징으로한다 (Fig. 1). SF Cube 기술 은 CBC 및 백혈구감별계산을보다정확하게하고, 미성숙망상적혈구분획이 나유핵적혈구를정량적으로분석하며, 기존의 5 종백혈구감별계 산에추가적으로비정형림프구나, 미성숙과립구및유핵적혈구, 말 라리아감염적혈구등의존재여부를 flag 로표시해슬라이드재검 을해야할검체를선별하는데도움을주도록고안되었다. 본연구에서는 BC-68 (Mindray) 의 CBC 및 5 종백혈구감별계 산의분석능력을평가하고, 비정상혈구의검출능력및 flag 에대 한유용성을분석함으로써 BC-68 (Mindray) 의자동혈구분석기 로서의유용성을평가하고자하였다. 1. 대상 재료및방법 한림대학교성심병원에내원하여 CBC 가의뢰된검체중정상 1 검체와비정상 95 검체를대상으로하였다. 정상검체는건강검 진을위해방문한성인으로특별한질환이없으면서 CBC 와일반 화학검사결과에서정상소견을보인 1 검체를대상으로하였다. 망상적혈구의상관성분석을위해서는망상적혈구수가높은 5 검 체를별도로이용하였다. 검체는 K 2EDTA 진공채혈관 (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) 에채혈한전혈을이용하였다. 2. 장비 BC-68 (Mindray) 은 DIFF, RET, NRBC, WBC/BASO, HGB, RBC/PLT 총 6 개의채널로구성되어있으며 CBC 와백혈구감별계 산및망상적혈구수측정을포함하여 47 개의변수를제공한다. 크 기는 mm 정도의데스크탑형태이며 CBC 와백혈구 3. 방법 1) 정밀도정밀도평가는 CLSI EP5-A2 [5] 에따라시행하였다. 대조물질은 CBC는 CBC-X (Mindray, Shenzhen, China), 유핵적혈구는 XEnRBC (Mindray, Shenzhen, China), 망상적혈구는 XE-Ret Control (Mindray, Shenzhen, China) 로각각저농도, 정상농도, 고농도 3가지농도의물질을사용하였다. 대조물질은각각하루에 2번씩 1 일간측정하였고, 한번측정할때 2회연속측정하였다. 2) 상관성정상 1검체와비정상 95검체에대하여 CBC와 5종백혈구감별계산에대하여 BC-68 (Mindray) 으로측정한결과를기존에검사실에서사용하고있던 ADVIA 21 (Siemens, Tarrytown, NY, USA) 와 LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation, Miami, FL, USA) 로측정한결과와상관성을평가하였다. 망상적혈구는정상 1검체와망상적혈구수가증가된 5검체를대상으로 BC-68 (Mindray) 과 ADVIA 21 (Siemens) 의상관성을평가하였다. 장비간비교검사는 CLSI EP9-A2 [6] 에따라 4시간이내에수행되었고, 각검사는장비별로 1회시행하였다. 3) 5종백혈구감별계산의정확성평가 BC-68 (Mindray) 의 5종백혈구감별계산의정확성을평가하기위해 CLSI-H-A2 [7] 에따라 BC-68 (Mindray) 의백혈구감별계산결과를참고방법인수기법과비교하였다. 대상검체는 95개비정상검체중급성백혈병및만성림프구백혈병세포가 % 이상관찰되는검체 9개를제외한 86개의비정상검체와 1개의정상검체를대상으로평가하였다. 수기법은검체마다 2개의슬라이드를제작하여 2명의검사자가각각서로다른슬라이드에대해각각 개의백혈구를검사하여백혈구감별계산을시행하였다 [7]
3 4) 유핵적혈구계산의정확성평가비정상 95개검체를대상으로유핵적혈구감별계산력을수기법과비교하였다. 유핵적혈구계산은백혈구 1개에대해관찰되는유핵적혈구수로표시하였다. 5) Flag의분석 BC-68 (Mindray) 은여러가지종류의 flag를표시한다. 이중주로형태학적이상과관련된 Blasts, Immature Gran, Left Shift, Atypical Lymph, Abn. Lympho/blast, NRBC present 등의 flag가비정상검체를검출하는데있어얼마나유용한지를비정상 95검체를대상으로평가하였다. Blast, Atypical Lymph, NRBC present flag를각각수기법의모세포, 비정형림프구, 유핵적혈구존재와비교하였고, Immature Gran flag와 Left Shift flag는수기법에서띠호중구, 후골수구, 골수구, 전골수구, 골수모세포등의존재여부와비교분석하고, 각각민감도, 특이도, 양성및음성예측도와효율성을구하였다. 4. 통계통계분석은 MedCalc version (Medcalc software, Mariakerke, Belgium) 을이용하였다. 결과 1. 정밀도 CBC와백혈구감별계산의검사내변이계수와전체변이계수는 Table 1와같다. CBC는대부분의항목에서 2% 미만의변이계수를보였고저농도혈소판의전체변이계수는 4.1% 였다. 백혈구감별계산에서호중구, 림프구, 호산구의변이계수는낮은백혈구수치의대조물질의림프구를제외하고는.5-4.9% 범위로양호한값을보였으며, 단구와호염기구의변이계수는 % 였고, 대조물질의백혈구수치가증가함에따라서변이계수는감소하였다. 망상적혈구의변이계수는 % 범위로양호한값을보였으며유핵적혈구는변이계수가 % 범위였다 (Table 1). 2. 상관성 BC-68 (Mindray) 의 CBC 변수들은 ADVIA 21 (Siemens) 및 LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation) 의결과와우수한상관성을보였다. 백혈구수, 적혈구수, 혈소판수, 혈색소농도, 적혈구용적률은모두상관계수 (r) 가.98 이상을보였으며, 적혈구수에서 LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation) 과비교한경우만 r이.9214 였다. 적혈구지수는 r이 범위였고, MCHC에서 Table 1. The coefficients of variation of within run and total precisions for complete blood count parameters, white blood cell differentials, reticulocytes, and nucleated red blood cells Parameter Low Normal High Mean WR (%) Total (%) Mean WR (%) Total (%) Mean WR (%) Total (%) WBC ( 1 9 /L) RBC ( 1 12 /L) HGB (g/dl) HCT (%) MCV (fl) MCH (pg) MCHC (g/dl) RDW (%) PLT ( 1 9 /L) MPV (fl) Neutrophil (%) Lymphocyte (%) Monocyte (%) Eosinophil (%) Basophil (%) Reticulocyte ( 1 12 /L) Reticulocyte (%) nrbc( 1 12 /L) nrbc (%) (/1WBCs) Abbreviations: WR, within-run; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; PLT, platelet; MPV, mean platelet volume; nrbc, nucleated red blood cell
4 Table 2. Correlation of complete blood count parameters (N=195), white blood cell differentials (N=195) and reticulocyte counts (N=15) of the BC-68 vs. ADVIA 21 and the BC-68 vs. LH 75 Parameter Range BC-68 vs. ADVIA 21 BC-68 vs. LH 75 Intercept Slope r Intercept Slope r WBC ( 1 9 /L) RBC ( 1 12 /L) HGB (g/dl) HCT (%) MCV (fl) MCH (pg) MCHC (g/dl) PLT ( 1 9 /L) Neutrophil (%) Lymphocyte (%) Monocyte (%) Eosinophil (%) Basophil (%) Reticulocyte (%) Abbreviations: WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelet. Table 3. The efficiency of the BC-68 flag system for finding abnormal samples BC-68 Flag Blasts Immature Gran Left Shift Immature Gran+Left Shift Atypical lymph NRBC present count Blast >2/1WBCs Band form-myeloblast Band form-myeloblast Band form-myeloblast Atypical lymphocyte>1% True positive True negative False positive False negative Erythroblasts >1/1WBCs PPV NPV Sensitivity Specificity Efficiency Abbreviations: PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; WBC, white blood cell. ADVIA 21 (Siemens) 과의 r이.3936으로낮았다 (Table 2). 5종백혈구감별계산은호중구, 림프구, 호산구에서는.95 이상의높은상관성을보였고, 단구에서는 ADVIA 21 (Siemens), LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation) 과의 r이각각.8528,.92 이었고, 호염기구에서는각각.5889,.738 였다 (Table 2). 정상 1검체와비정상 5검체를대상으로한망상적혈구의 ADVIA 21 (Siemens) 과의상관성평가에서는 r이.9173 으로양호한결과를보였다 (Table 2). 3. 5종백혈구감별계산의정확성평가 BC-68 (Mindray) 으로시행한 5종백혈구감별계산을정상 1 검체와비정상 86검체를대상으로수기법과비교한결과상관계수가호중구는.936, 림프구는.9825, 단구는.9553, 호산구는.9447, 호염기구.7193 으로매우양호한상관성을보였다 (Fig. 2). 4. 유핵적혈구계산의정확성평가비정상 95검체를대상으로 BC-68 (Mindray) 에측정된값과수기법으로계산된값의 r은.9711 로매우양호한값을보였다 (Fig. 3). 5. Flag의유용성평가비정상 95검체를대상으로하여 BC-68 (Mindray) 에서보고되는 Blasts, Immature Gran, Left Shift, Atypical Lymph, NRBC present flag의유용성을평가한결과는 Table 3와같다. Blasts flag 의양성예측도는 35.%, 음성예측도는 89.3% 였으며효율성은 77.9% 였다. 미성숙백혈구를검출하는데있어 Immature Gran flag 134
5 1 8 Y=.9998x r=.936 Neutrophil (%) 1 8 Y=1.15x r=.9825 Lymphocyte (%) BC BC Y=1.327x r=.9553 Monocyte (%) 25 Y=.9661x r=.9447 Eosinophil (%) BC BC Basophil (%) Y=1.1114x+.184 r= BC-68 가양성예측도 93.%, 음성예측도 73.1%, 효율성 82.1% 로, Left Shift flag보다더나은결과를보였으며, Immature Gran flag와 Left Shift flag를합한경우에도 Immature Gran flag 단일분석결과와차이가없어, 미성숙백혈구검출에있어서는 Immature Gran Fig. 2. Comparison of WBC differentials between the BC-68 and manual differential counts (N=186). flag 가유용한것으로나타났다. Atypical Lymph flag 는양성예측 도와민감도는낮았지만음성예측도와특이도는각각 98.8%, 87.1% 로높은값을보였다. NRBC present flag 의양성예측도는 86.7%, 음성예측도는 93.8%, 135
6 3 1 효율성은 92.6% 였으며 95 예중 12 예에서불일치소견을보였는데, 위양성이 8 예, 위음성이 4 예였다. 위음성을보인 4 예모두수기법에 서유핵적혈구수가 <3/1 WBCs 였다. 고찰 BC-68 (Mindray) 은 CBC, 5 종백혈구감별계산, 망상적혈구수 및유핵적혈구수측정이가능한자동혈구분석기로본연구에서 우수한정밀도와기존방법과의상관성을보였다. 정밀도평가에서 CV 값이 CBC 는대부분 2% 미만, 백혈구감별 계산은 5% 미만, 망상적혈구는 4% 미만으로우수한정밀도를보 였다. 다만, 백혈구감별계산에서저농도대조물질의경우호염기 구와단구에서 CV 값이높았는데, 이는다른자동혈구분석기에서 도비슷한결과로대조물질의단구와호염기구의농도가지나치게 낮은것이원인으로생각된다 [2]. 또한, 모든분획에서대조물질의 농도가높아짐에따라 CV 값이감소하는경향을보여, 자동혈구분 석기가많은수의세포를계산할수록오차가감소할것으로기대 된다 [2, 4]. Y=.95x-.265 r=.9711 nrbcs (/1WBCs) 1 3 BC-68 Fig. 3. Comparison of nucleated red blood cell counts between BC- 68 and manual count (N=95). 상관성평가에서 CBC 변수들은 MCHC 를제외하고는모두기 존장비와양호한상관성을보였다. MCHC 의낮은상관성은다른 자동혈구분석기에서도흔히보이는결과로, 적혈구지수를측정하 는방법이산란법인지전기저항법인지등의원리에따라 MCV 에 영향을주고, 이로부터계산되며값의범위가좁은 MCHC 의상관 성에더크게영향을끼칠수있다 [8, 9]. BC-68 (Mindray) 은 LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation) 과같이전기저항법을이용하 며 ADVIA 21 (Siemens) 은산란법을이용하기때문에 ADVIA 21 (Siemens) 과더낮은상관성을보인것으로생각한다. 5 종백혈구감별계산은정상군에서호염기구를제외한항목에 서기존장비와양호한상관성을보였으며, 5 개의분획모두에서 LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation) 과의상관성이더높은경향을보였다. 전체군을수기법과비교했을때에도호염기구를제외한모든분획에서 r이.9 이상의높은상관성을보였으며호염기구의 r도.7193 으로비교적양호했다. 말초혈액에서유핵적혈구가보이는것은그자체로비정상소견이며, 자동혈구계산기에서백혈구수의거짓오름이있을수있어유핵적혈구의정확한측정이중요하다 [1, 11]. BC-68 (Mindray) 은광산란과형광염색을이용한별도의채널에서유핵적혈구수를측정할수있고, 수기법과도우수한상관성을보였다 (r =.9711). 대조물질을이용해서유핵적혈구수의정도관리도가능한데, 대조물질의유핵적혈구수가중간농도는 1.22/1 WBCs, 고농도는 3.65/1 WBCs로임상검체에서주로관찰되는범위이기는하나, 상당히낮은농도여서정밀도 CV는다소높은값을보였다 [12]. 정확한 flag는검사실의슬라이드재검률을낮출수있고환자를진단하는데도도움이된다 [1, 9]. 본연구에서는주로 flag에의존하게되는비정상세포관련 flag의유용성을평가하였다. Blasts flag는 8예에서위음성을보였는데, 7예는모세포가 1% 미만이었고 Immature Gran, Atypical Lymph 등의다른 flag가표시되었으며, 1예는모세포가 15% 이상이었던 ALL 환자로 Abn. Lympho/ blast flag가표시되어, 이들 flag를종합적으로활용하면도움이될것으로생각하였다. 미성숙골수세포의존재를표시하는 flag로 Immature Gran과 Left Shift 두가지가있었는데, 이중 Immature Gran이 Left Shift 보다더효율성이높았으며, 특히 Immature Gran 의양성예측도가높아미성숙골수세포를판단하는유용한 flag라고생각하였다. Atypical Lymph flag의경우민감도가 5% 로타연구에비해낮은편이었으며특히위음성이 1예있었다 [12]. 그러나, 본연구에서양성인예가 2예로매우적었던한계가있으며, 위음성인 1예에서도 Abn. Lympho/blast flag가표시되었다. 반면, NRBC present flag는특이도, 음성예측도, 효율성이매우높으며, 이는다른연구와비교해보았을때에도우수한결과여서검사실에서유용한지표로사용할수있을것으로기대한다 [1, 12]. BC-68 (Mindray) 은 CBC와백혈구감별계산에있어정밀도와기존장비와의상관성이우수하였고, 백혈구감별계산및유핵적혈구측정에있어수기법과도좋은상관관계를보였으며, 여러가지 flag로비정상소견을표시할수있는기능을가지고있어일반혈액검사실에서유용하게사용될수있을것으로생각한다. 요약 배경 : BC-68 (Mindray, China) 는최근개발된자동혈구분석기로전혈구계산 (Complete blood count, CBC) 와백혈구감별계산, 유핵적혈구를보다정확하게측정하기위해 SF Cube 기술 을도입 136
7 하였다. 본연구에서는 CBC, 백혈구감별계산, 망상적혈구수, 유핵적혈구수측정에있어 BC-68 (Mindray) 의성능과 flag 체계의효율성을평가하고자하였다. 방법 : 정상 1검체와비정상 95검체를대상으로하였다. CBC, 백혈구감별계산, 망상적혈구수, 유핵적혈구수측정의정밀도와상관성을분석하였다. 또한비정상세포를검출하는데있어 flag의효율성도평가하였다. 결과 : 정밀도분석에서변이계수 (CV) 는대부분 CBC 변수에서는 <2%, 호중구와호산구, 망상적혈구수측정에서는 <5% 였다. BC- 68 (Mindray) 의결과는 ADVIA 21 (Siemens, USA), LH 75 (Beckman Coulter Corporation, USA) 와우수한상관성을보였다. 상관계수 (r) 는적혈구지수를제외한 CBC 지표에서 >.98였고단구와호염기구를제외한백혈구감별계산에서 >.95 였다. 그리고 BC-68 (Mindray) 의백혈구감별계산과유핵적혈구수측정은수기법과도우수한상관성을보였다. 각 flag의효율성은 Blasts 가 77.9%, Immature Gran이 82.1%, Atypical Lymph가 86.3%, NRBC present 가 92.6% 였다. 결론 : BC-68 (Mindray) 은높은정밀도를보이고, 기존의자동혈구분석기와우수한상관성을보였다. 또한, flag 체계는비정상세포를검출하는데유용한결과를보였다. 본연구결과 BC-68 (Mindray) 은우수한성능의자동혈구분석기로일반검사실에서사용하기에유용할것으로생각한다. REFERENCES 1. Ward PC. The CBC at the turn of the millennium; an overview. Clin Chem ;46: Kang SH, Shin E, Ham CK, Kim HK, Cho HI. CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer performance evaluation on leukocyte differential counts. J Lab Med Qual Assur 6;28: Buttarello M and Plebani M. Automated blood cell counts: state of the art. Am J Clin Pathol 8;13: Johnson M, Samuels C, Jozsa N, Gorney K. Three-Way evaluation of high- throughput hematology analyzers-beckman Coulter LH 75, Abbott Cell-Dyn 4, and Sysmex XE-21. Laboratory Hematology 2;8: Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Evaluation of precision performance of quantitative measurement methods; approved guideline. 2nd ed. EP5-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and laboratory standards institute, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Method comparison and bias estimation using patient samples; approved guideline. 2nd ed. EP9-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Reference leukocyte (WBC) differential count (proportional) and evaluation of instrumental methods; approved standard. 2nd ed. H-A2. Wayne, PA: Clinical and laboratory standards institute, Yang HY, Park SY, Suh JT, Lee HJ. Evaluation of CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer. J Lab Med Qual Assur 8;3: Van Hove L, Schisano T, Brace L. Anemia diagnosis, classification, and monitoring using Cell-Dyn technology reviewed for the new millenniume Laboratory Hematology ;6: Jianying Li. The preliminary study of nucleated red blood cell counting by automated hematology analyzer. Sysmex J Int 4;14: Walters J. and Garrity P. Performance evaluation of the Sysmex XE- 21 hematology analyzer. Laboratory Hematology ;6: Lee YK, Kang HJ, Kim YM, Won CY, Cho HC. Evaluation of the ABX Pentra DX 1 for the detection of immature cells in peripheral blood. J Lab Med Qual Assur 8;3:
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