大혐放射짧뽑學會훌 第 22 썰짜 1 빼 pp Journal ofkorean Radiological Society. Vo1.22. No.l 인공담판관내삽입술 경북대학교의과대학방사선학교실 권중혁 김용선 장병원 박성학 김태헌 김용주 강덕식 -

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1 大혐放射짧뽑學會훌 第 22 썰짜 1 빼 pp Journal ofkorean Radiological Society. Vo1.22. No.l 인공담판관내삽입술 경북대학교의과대학방사선학교실 권중혁 김용선 장병원 박성학 김태헌 김용주 강덕식 - Abstract - 경북대학교의과대학외과학교실 황 일 그.- Biliary Endoprosthesis )ung Hyeok Kwon, M.D., Yong Sun Kim, M.D., Byung Won )ang, M.D., Tae Hun Kim, M.D., Yong )00 Kim, M.D., Duk Sik Kang, M.D. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University IIwoo Whang, M.D. Department of Ceneral Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Bi liary endoprosthesis could provide perm anent internal biliary drainage in patient w ith obstructive jaund ice w ith advantages of absence of tro ublesome external cath eter and no loss of fluid, bile and electrolytes over external drainage. Incidence of sepsis and cholangitis may be lowered Endoprosthesis was performed in 18 patients of obstructive jaundice from January, 1985 to December, 1985 at Department of Radiology, Kyungpook Nati onal Unive rsity Hospital Th e results are as fo llows 1. The cases of obstructive jaundice included bile duct cancer in 11, stomach ca. metastasis in 3, ca. of ampulla f Vater in 1, ca. of head of pancreas in 1, CBD cance r w ith postop. recurrence in 1, and impacted CBD stone in 1 case 2. The levels of obstruction were at the trifurcation in 8. CHO in 5, proximal CBO in 3, and distal CBO in 2 cases 3. Oecline of serum bilirubin level was noted in 15 cases with the most rapid decline within 1 week after the procedure 4. The complication occurred in 5 cases. The three cases were recovered spontaneously, but one died 01 bile peri tonitis, another experienced obstruction of endoprosth esis 5. The endoprosthes is is beneficial in treatment of obstructive jaundice for which surgery is not indicated, and saving expensive abdominal su rgery and less advantageous percutaneous external drainge, hence enhanc ing life quality 이논문은 1985 년 1 2 월 30 일에접수하여 1986 년 2 월 6 일에채택되었음. - 19

2 - 大韓放射線뽑學會誌 第 22~ 第 l 했 stent 의원위단은폐쇄부위하부의 성이지장내에두고 1. 서 론 근위단은폐쇄부위상부의당관내에둔다 (Fig. 1 E). 8. Straightener 와 stabilizer 를제거하고체외배 최근경피경간담배액술 ( percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainaqe) 이폐쇄성황달환자의치료에안전하고효과적인방법으로널리이용되어왔다 1-4, 방법으로는체외배액솔 ( external drainage) 등이널 액카테터를넣는다 (Fig.1F). 9. Stent 가십이지장으로이탈되는것을고정단추 ( anchor button) 을피하조직에넣고연결된실크로고정한다 (Fig.2A). 막기위해 stent 에 리이용되어왔으며, 특히진행된악성종 %t 에의한담도 폐쇄의경우에는인공당관관내삽입술 ( biliary endopro. sthesis) 이이용되고있다 5-8 인공당관관내삽입술은다른담배액숭에비해담관영, 피부감염및패혈증의빈도가적고카테터가이탈될 능성이적 3 며수액, 담즙및전해질의소실이없는엣 점이있다 5,7.9,10) 가 10. 시행후 2 일간생리식염수로세척을하여혈액이나찌꺼기에의해서 s tent 의개구부가막히지않도록한다. 11. 담관조영술을시행하여 stent 를통한원활한배액을확인한후체외배액카헤터를제거한다. 12. 시솔이끝나연체내에는 stent 와, 실크로연결된피하의고정단추만남게된다 (Fig. 2B). 저자들은 18 영의폐쇄성황달환자에인공담관관내삽 입술을시술하여그결과를보고하고자한다. m. 성 적 II. 대상및방법 인공담관관내삽입술을시행하였던총 18 명의연령분포 는 33 세에서 73 세까지로평균연령은 58 세였고, 성별 서 1985 년 1 월부터 12 월까지경북대학병원방사선과에 1 8 명의폐쇄성황달환자에시행하였으며시술 24 시 은남자가 14 명, 여자가 4 명으로남자에서빈도가높 았다 ( Table 1 ). 간전부터 광범위항생제를투입하였고필요한경우에는 시솔직전이나시술중에 Valium 10 mg 과 Demerol 50 Table 1. Age and Sex Distribution of the Cases mg' 을근육주사하였다. 그리고출혈성소인이있는경우는응고인자를투여하였다. 시울의순서는다음과같다. 1. 천자부위를표시하고피부소독을한다. 천자는우측측늑횡경악각하부, 중액와선에서한다. 2 방사선투시하에 20 G. 침으로당관을천자하여담관초영술을시행하여당관폐쇄부위의위치와원인을파 Age Male 14?나9ιF3?니Sex Female n/ lA T otal -- -kj nj Gu qu 악한다 ( Fig. la) G. 침속으로직경 " 와이어 (wire} 를삼 Total 엽하여담관내에남겨두고침을제거한다. 4. 가느다란와이어를따라 5 F. sheath catheter 을 담도폐쇄의원인으로는담관암이 11 례로가장많았으 넣는다 ( Fig. lb). 5 Sheath catheter 를통해서 0.038" guidewire 플 넣어서폐쇄부위를통과해서섭이지장에넣는다 ( Fig. 1 C) F. dilator 를사용해서통로를확장시킨다 (Fig. 1D). 및 7. Stent system 의 3 부분인 stent, straightener s tabi lizer 를결합하여 guidewire 를따라넣어서 며 ( Fig. 3A). 위암에서전이된경우가 3 례이고 (Fig. 3 C ), 총수담관암수솔후재말한경우가 1 례 (Fig.3 D), 춰 1 장두부암 1 례 ( Fig. 3 B), 섭이지장유두암 1 례 (Fig. 3 E), 총수담관결석이 다 ( Table 2). 폐쇄부위는간담관의분지부에서막힌것이 1 례 ( Fig. 3F) 였 8 례로가 장많았으며, 총간담관에서막힌것이 5 례, 근위총수탐 관 3 례, 원위총수담관 2 례였다 ( Table 3).

3 - 권중혁외 : 인공당관관내삽입술 Fig

4 I니 Jnι- 大월放射線뽑學會誌 : 第 22 卷第 l 號 Fig. 1. Procedure of biliary endoprosthesis A. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography determines the level and cause of biliary obstruction. B. 5F. sheath catheter is introduced over 0.018" wire C " gl 미 idewire is inserted in the biliary tree and advanced into the duodenum passing through the obstruction. D. Dilate the tract by advancing the 12F. dilator over the guidewire. E. Advance the stent assembly over the guidewire. F. Remove the straightener and stabilizer, and establish the temporary external dra in ANCHOR BUTTON A EXTERNAL DRAIN Fig. 2. A. The anchor button is placed subcutaneously and fixed by silk suture B. The endoprosthesis stent is anchored to a subcutaneously-placecl silicone button by silk suture Table 2. Causes of Biliary Obstruction Disease Bile duct cancer Stomach cancer metastasis Pancreas head cancer CBO cancer, post-operative recurrence Ampulla Vater cancer Impacted CBO stone T otal Table 3. Levels of Biliary Obstruction Level No No 인공담관관내삽엽술후혈청빌리루빈치는 1 8 례중 15 례에서계속적인하강을보였으며특히시솔 1 주이내에가장급속한감소를보였으며약 3 주후에정상혹은 subclinica 1 level 로감소했다 2 례는시솔후합병증이생기거냐곧막혀서기능을하지않은례였다. 나머지 1 례에서는시술후총수담관결석 3로밝혀져수술을했던경우였다. 항병증은 5 례에서있었는데그중 2 례에서는당관내출혈이있었으나별다른처지없이출혈이벚였다. 그리고 1 례에서는체외카테터를제거한뒤그통로를따라담즙이복강내로유출되어복막염이생겨서수술을받 Table 4. Complications Trifurcation CHO Proximal CBO Oistal CBO gu Bleeding Bile peritonitis Stent nonfun ctioning Wound infection 2 Total 18 Total 3-22-

5 % ω- 권중혁외 : 연공당관관내삽입술 - F ig. 3. Causes of biliary obstruction, with stent in place A. Bile duct cancer B. Pancreas cancer C. Stolllach cancer Illetastasis of porta hepatis D. CBD cancer, post-operative recurrence E. Alll pulla Vatel cancel F. llllpactecl CBD stone

6 大짧放射짧醫學會誌第 22 卷第 1 ~'Jí 았으나사망했다. 다른 1 례에서는 stent 가전혀기능 content 가청상으로되는것을보았고 12 주동안폐쇄을하지않았으며, 냐머지 1 례에서는피하감염이있었후폐쇄을풀면 4-6 주지나야 mitochondrial function 이 % 로돌아오므로수술은 4-6 주간담는데항생제와외부치료도치유되었다 ( Table 4 ). 합병증이생긴 5 례모두폐쇄부위가담관의분지부근에있배액후실시하는것이바랑직하다고했다 19. 었던경우였다. Ring 등과 Hoevels 등은 Teflon 카테터을이용하여 endoprosthesis 를했무나이탈하는큰결정이있었다 ö N. 고잘 경피경간담배액술이폐쇄성황달환자의치료에 안전하 고효과적인방법으로널리 이용되어져왔으며그중에서 저자들은 Carey - Coons sof t s t ent 를사용했으며여 도체내외동시배액술이많이이용되어왔다 1-4) 기에는 stent 와 s t raightener 및 stabilizer 로이루 최근에는인공담관관내삽엽술과담관협착을 balloon 어져있으며그외 dilator 와체외배액키태터로이루어 카테터로확장시키거나 IJ, 카테터내로생겸용 brush 를 져있다 stent 는직경이 12 F. 이며큰 side -holes 넣어서병소부위의병리조직적진단을얻거나 12' 담관 을가지고있다 그리고고정단추가실크로 stent 에연 내에 basket 을넣어서담석을제거하고 13, 담석용해제 결이되어있어서이탈을막을수있게되어있다. 를넣어담석을녹이거냐 14, 동위원소를카테터를통 시솔한 18 례중남자가 14 례로남자에서높은빈도을 해서병소부위에넣어서국소적방사선조사치료를하는 보여주었다. 담도폐쇄의원인무로는담관암이 11 례 ( 61 등 15, 여러가지시술방법이개발되어이미 이용되고있 %) 로가장높은빈도플보였으여그다음위암에서전 다 2.16) 이가간경우가 3 례 ( 17 %) 였다. 잔행된악성종양에 의한폐쇄성황달, 또는급성당관 그리고폐쇄의부위를보면당관의분지부근이 8 례 염이합병하였을경우비수술적경피경간담배액숨은필 (44 %1 로가장많았으여총간담관이 5 례 ( 28 %) 였 수적이다. 이방볍이수술보다좋은이유는수술시 사 다. 이는崔등 l 의보고와는비슷하나 Mueller 등의 망률이높고장기간임원을해야히고특히임상적으로 보고에의하띤쉐장암이 57 % 로기 장많은폐쇄의원인 수술시위험요소가있는환자들은수술후신부전, 장출 이 되며원위총수담관이 65 % 로가장많은폐쇠! 부위기 혈및패혈증퉁이그중요한사망원인으로되어있어샤수술시위험요소가있는환지에게는경피경간담배액술은더욱절실한치료볍이다 18 Kad ir 등은담도패혈증에서는이시술을구맹 ( life - saving) 시술로생각했으며급성폐쇄성당도염띠1 수술사망율이 %. 경피경간담배액술은 17 % 라고했다 17, 수술이가능한환자에서도수술전경피경간담배액술을시행하여수술합병증파사망율을낮춘다는보고플이많이있으며 Nakayama 등은 28 % 에서 8% 로수술사망률을낮추었 고 Denning 등은 25 % 에서 16 % 로수술사망융을. 56 % 에서 28 % 로수울항병증을각각낮추었다고했다그라고수술전담배액을시켜주는이유는벌리루빈치가 20 mg% 이상이띤수술시사망율이증가한다는점을들고있다 18, Sato 등은동물실험에서간의 mitochondria 1 respi ra tory funcl ion. ketogenesi s, collagen meta i:xj lism을담도폐쇄시와담도폐쇄를풀고난후와비교를하니풀고난후 mitochondria1 respira- 20, 그뒤 Miskowiak 등이피하조직에고정단추을넣고실크로고정을하여 tube 의이탈을막을수있게했 다 9, 되는갓 21, 괴는대조플보인다. 인공담관관내삽입술후혈청벨리루빈치는 18 례중 15 례에서 계속적인하강을보였으며특히시술 1 주내에가 장금속한감소를보였으며약 3 주후에정상흑은 subclinical level 로감소했다 그리고대체로시술후 1-2 일내에소양감이없어졌다 B urcharth 등에의하연 99 맹의환자에게 E ndoprosthesi s 를시행해서이중 2/3 에서평균 3 주후에혈청벨리루빈이정상흑은 subc lincal lev e l 로감소했으며 15 례에서는중정도로감소했 으며 20 례에서는변화가없다고보고했다 10, Ferrucc i 등은담배액솔후 22, 5 % 에서정상으로돌아왔요며하루 에 2-3 mg 씩 강소한다고보고했고 3, 崔등 l 은시 술후 I 일째부터소양감이없어지고식욕이생기는등의증세호전을보였다고했다. 인공담관관내삽엽솔후 18 례중 5 례에서합병증이발생했으나 1 례에서는 bile peritonitis 로사망했으며다른 1 례에서는 stent 를넣은후즉시 stent 가기능을 tory function 과 ketogenesi s 가좋아지고 collagen 하지않았는데아마 mal posi t ioni ng 으로생각된다

7 - 권중혁외 : 인공당관관내상업술 - 그러나나머지 3 례는보존적치료로치유되었다. 경피경 간담배액술후급성합병증을보연 Mueller 등은 200 예 V. 결 - 론 중사망 3 례, 출혈 6 례및패혈증 7 례로총 16 례 (8 %) 를보고했으며 Tylen 등도합병증이약 5% 에서있었 저자들은 1985 년 1 월부터 12 월까지 12 개월간경북 고사망율이 0.5 % 였다고했다. 대학병원방사선과에서 18 명의폐쇄성황달환자를대상 최근 Mueller 등이 인공담관관내삽엽술을 113 례에 으로인공당관관내삽업술을시행하여다음과같은결론 실시한후초기합병률 ( 첫 30 일이내 ) 은 17 %. 만기합 을얻었다. 병률 ( 30 일이후 ) 은 31 % 라고보고했다. 그리고폐 1. 당도폐쇄의원인으로는담관암이 11 례로가장많 쇄부위가담관의분지부근에있는경우에서빈도가높다 았으며, 위암에서전이가간경우가 3 례, 총수당관암수 고했다 21 저자들의경우도합병증이생긴 5 례모두 술후재발한경우가 I 례, 웨장두부암 1 례, 섭이지장유 폐쇄부위가담관의분지부근에있었던경우였다. 두암 1 례 그리고총수담관결석이 I 례였다. 저자을은 20 례에서인공당관관내삽입술을사도하여 2. 폐쇄부위는당관의분지부에서막힌것이 8 례로 18 례에서는시행을하고 2 례에서는 guidewire 가종 가장많았무며, 총간담관에서막힌 것이 5 례, 근위총수 양조직을통과하지못해서체외배액액술만시행했다. 담관 3 례, 원위총수담관 2 례였다. 이는 Muel1 er 등 21, 의 92 % 의 성공율과비슷하다. 3. 총 20 례에서시도를하여 18 례 (90 %) 에서성공 실패한경우는 guidewire 가통과못한경우이며 폐 하였으며그중 2 례에서는체외배액숭만시행하였다. 쇄부위의위치와는큰관련은없다고생각한다. 4. 혈청빌리루빈치는 18 례중 15 례에서계속적인하 인공당관관내삽입술의적응증은수술로절제가불가 강을보였으며 1 주내에가장급속한감소를보여주었다. 능한종 $ 썩l 의한담도폐쇄, 전이성암에의해담도가막 그라고약 3 주만에정상흑은 subclinical level 로강 힐경우, 진행된악성종양, 전신상태가나쁜고령환자그 소했다. 리고양성담도폐쇄중수술을할수없는경우에이용되고 5. 합병증은 5 례 (28 %) 에서 있었 나, 이중 2 례 있다. 특히체외로나와있는카테터를관리할수없는 ( 11 %) 에서만임상적으로문제가되었다. 환자와 6 개월이상생명연장이불가능하다고생각되는환 6. 인공담관관내상엽술은불편한체외카테터가없어 지에서사용하는것이바람직하다 6, 10> 서심리적인부담감을줄여주고, 패혈증이나담관엽의 절대적금기사항으로는섬한출혈성질환이있는경우 빈도를줄여주며, 직경이커서막힐가능성이적고, 수분, 이며, 간실질에다혈관성종괴가있는경우도주의를해 담즙및 전해질의 소실이없는잇점이있으나, 막힐경우 야되며복수가심한경우도상대적금기이다 l. 재시도하기가힘들고반경이커서간에 비교적큰손상을 인공담관관내삽엽술은불편한체외카테터가없어서 줄수있는단점이있다. 심리적인부담감을줄여주며패혈증이나담관염의 빈도 7. 외과적인시솔이불가능한당관폐쇄환자에는 lif 를줄여주는장점이있다 10, 그리고실크로고정이장 e quality 를향상시키랜1 인공담관관내삽입술이효 되어 stent 가이탈될가능성이없고직경이 15 F. 로커 과적인시술이라생각된다. 서 악힐가능성이비교적적으며수분. 담즙및전해질의 소실이없는잇점이있다 5, 7, 9) REFERENCES Stent 가막힐경우재시도할통로를확보하기가어려 운단점이있으나 stent 에 달린 실크를통해서시도해 1 최병인, 박재형, 한만청 : 경피경간담배액술 107 예 서 guidwire 를다시넣을수있다 guidewire 를통과 에관한분석. 대한방사선의학회지 20: , 시킬수없는경우는또다른 stent 를넣어서배액을시 켜야한다. 그리고 직경이 12 F. 로 커서간에 비교적 2 강덕식 : 담도계의중재적시술. 대한의학협회지 28 큰손상을줄수있는단점이있다 20, : , Ferrucci JT, Mueller PR, Harbin WP et al: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Radiology 135:1-13, Mueller PR, van Sonnenberg E, Ferrucci )T Per, 디Jtaneous - 25-

8 - 大韓放射線뽑學會찮. 第 22 卷第 1 號 biliary drainage: Technical and catheter-related problems in 200 procedures. AjR 138:17-23, Burcharth F: A new endoprosthesis for nonoperative intubation of the biliary tract in malignant obstructive jaundice. 5urg. Cynec. Obstet. 146:76-78, Hoevels), Ihse 1: Percutaneous transhepatic insertion of a permanent endoprosthesis in obstructive lesions of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Gastrointestinal radiology 4: , Burcharth F, )ensen LI, Olesen K: Endoprosthesis for internal drainage of the biliary tract: Technique and results in 48 C;;lses. Gastoenterlogy 77: , )onsson K, Hellekant C: Percutaneous insertion of an endoprosthesis in obstructive jaundice. Radiology 139: , Miskowiak j, Mygind T, Baden H et al Biliary endoprosthesis secured by a subcutaneous button to prevent dislocation. AjR 139: , Burcharth F, Efsen F, Christiansen LA et al: Nonsurgical internal biliary drainage by endoprosthesis. 5urg. Gynec Obstet , Martin EC, Karlson KB, Frankuchen 티 et al: Percutaneous transhepatic dilatation of intrahepatic biliary stricture. AjR , Mandez G, Russell E, Levi ju et al: Percutaneous brush biopsy and internal drainage of biliary tree through endoprosthesis. AjR 134: , Burhenne H): Percutaneous extraction of retained biliary tract stones: 661 patients. AjR 134:889, Thistle )L, Carlson GL, Hofmann AF et al: ι1onooctanoin, a dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones: physical properties and clinical application Castroenterology 78: , Herskovic A, Heaston D, Engler M) et al: Irradiation of biliary carcinoma. Radiology , Berk RN, Cooperberg PL, Gold RP et al Radiology of the bile ducts. Radiology 145:1-9, Kadir 5, Bassiri A, Barth KH et al: Percutaneous biliary drainage in the management of biliary sepsis. AjR , Ferrucci )T, Adson MA, Mueller PR: Advances in the radiology of jaundice: A symphosium and review. AjR 141:1-20, Koyama K, Takagi Y, Ito K et al Experimental and clinical studies on the effect of biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice. AjR 142: , Ring E), Schwarz W, McLean GK et al A simple, indwelling, biliary endoprosthesis made from commonlyavailable catheter material. AjR 139: , Mueller PR, Ferrucci )T, Teplick SK et al: Biliary stent en doprosthesis: Analysis of complications in 113 patients Radiology 156: ,

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