大韓放射線훌훌學會誌 Vo l. XVIl, No. 2, 1981 電算化斷層擺影據에서의 松果體石友化에관한考察 혐明훌훌大附屬東山病院放射線科學敎室 권세홍 강명석 전석길 박삼균 Pineal Calcification on Computed Tomography S.H. Kwon, M

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1 大韓放射線훌훌學會誌 Vo l. XVIl, No. 2, 1981 電算化斷層擺影據에서의 松果體石友化에관한考察 혐明훌훌大附屬東山病院放射線科學敎室 권세홍 강명석 전석길 박삼균 Pineal Calcification on Computed Tomography S.H. Kwon, M.D., M.S. Kang, M.D., S.K. Zeon, M.D. and S.K. Park, M.D. Department of Radiology, Keimyung University Medical College and Hospital, Daegu, Korea Pineal gland visible in plain skull radiography when calcified had been an important indicator for evaluation of any space, occupying lesion within cranium according to displacement of it from normal midline position. Since the pineal gland is more frequently demonstrated on CT scan than plain skull radiography, it seems helpful to define the incidence and localization of pineal gland. 324 patients, performed head CT scan are analyzed incidence and localization of calcified pineal gland. The resul ts were as follows: 1. The overall incidence of pineal calcification was 51 %. 2. The male and female ratio in pineal calcification was 56% to 43%. 3. 1) In the AP localization of pineal gland, the ratio of distance from anterior inner table of the skull to the pineal gland and that from pineal gland to the posterior inner table was 1.46 :1: ) In the lateral local ization of pineal gland, according to Lateral Percentage Shift' by Hahn & Rim (1976), the result was. 0.9S% shift in 80 normal cases,but 2.20% shift in 38 cases with S.O. L. I. 絡論 松果體는걸이 5~8mrn, 최장폭 3~8mm 의뼈形體로서제 3 腦室바로後方의正中線에뾰置한마 1, 2, 3l( Fi g.1 ). 生理的으로는분비기능및光受容器 (photo recep. tor) 의기능을가지고있는것으로알려져있다 II 이松果體는成長發育過程에서石 fjj( 化칩착이일어냐는데 2, 3l 이特性예문에일찍부터두개內空間 ò 有性病變 (space occupying lesion) 종斷의간접척인지표가되어왔마 1이最近전산화단층팔영이넬리利用됨에따라單純據影 像에서보마이松果體가나타냐는반도가증가하게되었마. 따라서송파체의판찰및分析에서도종래의단순촬영상을對象으로하는것보다전산화단층촬영상에서의분석이훨씬용이하고광법위한연령층에서집약적으로이루어질수있는장점을가지게되었마. 著者들은두부천산화단층촬영을시행한 321 名의惠者를對象으로石 fjj( 化松果體의性別, 年顧別빈도및그位置를外國文짧과比較考察하였으며아울러새로운方法에의한松果짧位置決定을試圖하교이方法에따른松果體 f 立置變異여부를시험하여보았다. 1I. 對象및方法 이논문은 1980 년대한방사선학회추계학숭대회에서 1980 年 4 月 l 日부터同年 7 月 31 日까지혐明홈大쿠연말표한것임. 附屬東山쩍院放射線科에서頭部천산화단층촬영을시 - Abstract

2 행한愚者 그들의 l 늠有性病짧이 마 321 名을對象으로松果짧석회화의빈도를 單純頭部最影像과비교고찰하였으며또한空댐 없는例에서송과체의위치를考察하였 천산화단층촬영은獨速 Simens 會社의 Somatom 2 를使用하여 125 KVP. 230 MAS. 256 x 256 matrix. 切片두께 8mm. 走훌時間 10 초로提影하였 며眼용 t 緣과外耳道를잇는上眼홈外耳道線 (Supraorbi tomeatal line) 에平行하게 橫斷走좁하였마. 한펀松果隨 는周圍腦室이냐腦水權 (cistern) 와의강한對比로 石 Ð< 化되지 않아도전산화단층촬영상에보여질수있기 해문에 4) 松果體의경미한 E Ð< 化에서는그 E fj< 化여 부를 X 線吸收係數 (Attenuation 로결정하였으며, 部分짧웹쨌果 ( partial volume effec t) 를강얀하여현의상 E J3ê 化펀것으로하였마. 1. 年觀 1] IJ 및性 1] IJ 分布 coefficient) 측정으 45 Hounsfi eld uni t 以上을 IIl- 成績 숲體對象愚者 321 名의연령분포는生後 20 日부터 72 歲까지이며이들을 10 歲간격으로 7 群 즈로나누어 바교고찰하였마 (Table 1)_ 松果體石 % 化는 20 歲以 後에그빈도가급격히 1 증가하며 2f 均 51% 의석회화 빈도를나타내었다. Table 1. Age Distribution of Pineal Calcification 11 r--j r--j r--j r--j r--j r--j Total Pt. Calcifica ti- Age % exarnined on ( 케 o r--j 性 8U 分布는男女比가 55 _5% 對 43% 로서男子에서女子보마그밴도가높았다 (T able ll)- 2_ 전산화단층활영상과단순촬영상에서의松果體 石 13:. 化의 頻 f 윷 전산화단충촬영상파단순촬영상에서석회화빈도는 51 % 對 16% 로서전산화단층촬영상에서훨씬높은밴도 를보였다 (Tab l e IH ) ωm Table ll_ Sex Sex Distribution of Pineal CalcificatlO n P t. Calcification exarnined (+) Male _5 Female Total Table m _ Comparison of Pineal Calcification on CT with Sirnple Radiogram Sirnple CT_ Pt. t. exammed examined Calcip~ation (+) o/c 7' _ 松果體의位置 著者들은 t 眼용外耳道綠을훌쩍 E 짧으로한전산화단층 촬영상에서 았다. 前後位置 마음파같이松果體 { 立置決定을시도하여보 Fig_ 3 에서보는바와같이석회화송과체가가장잘 나타냐는切片에서前頭蓋內骨板 (inner % table) 으로부 터송과체까지거리를 A. 後頭蓋內骨板으로부터송과 체까지거리를 B 라하여 A 對 B 의比를훌出한결과 공간점유성명변이없는 112 영에서 Table IV 와강이 A /B ratio 를 12 群으로나누어바교고찰하였으며평균 順는 ::t 0_ 20 으로서즉, 基準짧에 2f 行한前後比 는 95% 以上에서 L06~ 사이에分布하였마. Table IV- A/B ratio 1. 01rv 1.lO AP Localization of Pineal Gland rv No_ rv rv rv rv rv rv rv rv 2 _ _01 r--j 3 Mean of A/B= 1.46 ::t 0_20

3 Fig. 1. Normal physiologic calcification of pineal gland. Fig.3. AP localization of pineal gland. A: Distance from anterior inner table to the pineal gland. B: Distance from the pineal gland to posterior inner table. Fig.2. Rightwardly posteriorly displaced calcified pineal gland. 左右位置 Fig.4 와강이右頭蓋 F 잉骨板에서 송과체까지거러플 C, 基準線에平行하게松果體을지냐고正中綠에直角 이되는두개골橫쩔을 D 라하여 1976 年 Hahn 等잉 ) 이 (D/2 - C 시도한 Lateral percentage shift" \ -, D X 100) 에適用한바空間려有性病變이없는 80 例에서 는正中線에서 0.93 ::t 0.8% 의左右위치변이를보였 마空間난 3 有性病變이있는 38 例에서는 2.2 ::t1. 6% 의左右위치변이를나타내었마 (Table V, Fig. 2). N. 考察 松果體는正常的으로成長發育過程에서石 % 化현상 形關혹응마수의작은點狀으로나타난다 2, 3) 이松果짧의前方약 6mm 에특정적 C" 字모양의 牛網交連 (Habenular commissure) 의石 % 化가보이 기도한다 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) 松果體石짜化는出生時거의보이 지 않다가연령이증가함에따라철체조직의基質에 Calcium phosphate, Carbonate 等이침칙한다 1, 3) 1930 年 Dyke 等 7l 은單純頭部提影像에서 10 歲以下 소아에서석회화송과체의빈도는 5% 정도라고보고했 으며 가끔出生時에도보일정도로저연령층에서도나 타날수있마 年 Vastine 파 K inneyl!j 의報告로 는 20 歲이상연령에서 55% 의반도를보인다고했다. 그러냐南印度에서는 8% 의반도가보고되어있다 9) 이렌點들로보아송파체석회화는연령과는물론有關 하고食짧, 遺맹的要因파도有關하다고한마 2, 3) 著者들의천산화단층촬영상에서의고찰결과는 20 歲 以下연령에서 20% 의반도를보였으얘 20 歲以下의 연령군을除外하면그반도가 61% 로훨씬증가한다. 이와같이成長짧育이完 tíx, 되는 20 歲를선후하여석회 화반도에서큰차이를볼수있다. 전체연령군에서의 송과체석회화빈도는 51% 였다. 性別分布를보연男子에서 55%, 女子에서 42% 로 男子에서조금높은빈도를나타내었다. 松果홉뽑는正中線에 f 立置하고石 EJ( 化되는特性해문에 일찍부터 Schüller 10) 에의해뇌종양의의싱時간정척 지표로利用되었다 年 Vastine 과 Kinney 8) 는 前頭蓋內骨板에서後頭蓋內骨板까지거리와前頭蓋에 이얼어냐는데보통頭蓋骨의長輔을따라위치하며 Þ]~ 서송과체까지거리와관련시켜正常松果體의位置를 -206-

4 等 19) 이실시한 lateral percentage shift" 에켜용한바정상 80 例에서는정중선에서 0.93%. 두개내공간점유성명변이있는 38 例에서는정중선에서 2.20% 의左右위치변이를냐타내었다 (Ta ble V). 이결과를 Hahn 等의 ~ 績과비교해보면정상에서는큰차이가없으나공간점유성영변이있는경우저자들의결과에서는훨씬척은左右위치변이를냐타냈마. 이는공간점유성영변의크기및그위치에기인한듯 Fig.4. Lateral localization of pineal gland. C: Distance from left inner table to the pineal gland. D : Transverse distance acrossing the pi,. neal gland. 하다. 아울러천산화단층촬영상에서의이 거꾸로단순두부촬영상에서송과체의위치를 고찰을바탕으로 결정하는 새로운方法울시도하였다. 즉상얀와외이도선 (Supra orbi tomeatal line) 에평행하게송과체를지냐는線 上에서 송파체를중심으로한천후比를산출하여송과 쳐 1 위치변이여부를판철할수있었마 (Fig. 5). Table V. Lateral Percentage Shift of Pineal Gland by Francis et c. (~...:::..1-=-_-_ 삽 -C X 100 도시했는데이들의冊究結果前頭部종양에서는 71% 에서下方으로, 예頭部종양에서는 40% 에서後方으로, 頭頂部종양에서는 47% 에서下方으로그위치변이를보였닥고보고했마 年 Dyke 7l는 Vastine & Kinney chart 를일부修正하여松果體위치설정결과 Vastine & Kinney 보다 4mm 前方으로이동시켜위치결정을했마 年 Fray 12, 13) 는두개골전후촬영상에서송과체의左右위치변이를고찰하였으며 1953 年 Stauffer 5 ) 等은송과체의위치를紙背 (dorsum sellae) 의後上方으로 3cm 지정에정했으며 1964 年 Oon 14) 은새로운方法으로서紙結節 (tuberculum sel lae) 과大孔 (foramen magnum) 의前緣을잇는線上에서얀결정의 1 cm 後方에서수직으로 5cm 지점에송과체가위치한마고보고했다. 最近에는훌훌部질환의진단에천산화단층촬영이널리利用되자 1976 年 Hahn & Rim 等 19) 이전산화단층촬영상에서송과체위치결정을맑究하였다. 이들은송과체가正中線에서左右로이동하는것을두개橫쩔에대한 % 로나타낸결괴正常에서는정중선에서 0.8%. 두개공간정유성명변이있는정우 4.9 % 의左右위치변이를나타낸마고보고하였마. P t. examined 80 normal 38 S. O. L. Pen:entage shift 0.93% :t % :t1.6 著者들은송과체를지냐는上眼홈外耳道線에 2f 行하 는線上에서그前後比가평균 :t 0.20 로서 95 % 에서 1. 06~L86 사이에 51 布하였마 (1 a ble [V). 이들천 후비를 % 로환산하연천두개골내골판에서 51.4 % ~ 65 % 지정에松果體가위치하게펀마. 正中線에 대한左右 위치철정에서는 1976 年 Hahn m Fig.5. A new trial in the AP localization of pineal gland on simple skull film, based on the data from CT scan.

5 V. 結 ;;.,6. ;;I!I! 1980 年 4 月 l 日부터同年 7 月 31 日까지本院放 射線科에서두부전산화촬영을시행한 321 영을대상으 로석회화송파체의성벨연령옐출현반도및그위치 를고찰한바다음과깜은結論을얻었마. 1. 석회화빈도는숲體의 51% 였마 2. 男子에서女子보마약간더높은반도를보였마 (55.5% > 43% ). 3. 成長짧育이完成되는 20 歲를천후하여현저한반 도차를보였마 (61% > 20%). 4. 석회화송과체의위치결정을시도한바정상에 서는전후비가평균 :t 0.20 였마 5. 좌우위치결정에서정상에서는정중선에서 0.93 % 의좌우위치변이를보였고두개내공간접유성명변이 있는환자에서는평균 2.2% 의위치변이를보였마. REFERENCES 1. Maximow and Bloom : A Text of Histology, 7th Ed, p , W.B. Saunders Co Taveras j.m. an d Wood E.H. Diagnostic Neuroradiology, 2nd Ed, Vol. 7, p , Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Newton T.H. and Potts D.G. : Radiology of the skull and brain. Th e skull, Book 2, Vol. 7, p , St. Louis, Mosby, Leon A. Weisberg : Cerebral computed tomography p.304, W.B. Saundrs Co Stauffer, H.M., Snow, L. B. and Adams, A.B. Roentgenologic recognition of habenular calcifica tion as distinct from calcification in pineal bodyi its application in cerebral localization, Amer. j. Roentgen. 70:80-89, Smith, C.G. X-ray appearance and incidence of calcified nodules on habenular commissure, Radiology 60: , Dyke, c. G. Indirect signs of brain tumor as noted in- routine roentgen examinationsi displacement of pineal shadow. A m er. j. Roentgen. 23: , Vastine, j.h. and Kinney, K. K. Pineal shadow as aid in localization of brain tumors, Amer. j. Roentgen. 77: , Varadarajan, M.G. and Ramamurthi, B. : Assessment of normal physiologi cal intracranial calcification occurring in Indian Subjects, Mediscope 7: , SChüller, A. Roentgen Diagnosis of Disease of the Head. p. 756, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, Lilja, B. On the localization of calcified pineal bodies under normal and pathological conditions, Acta Radiol. 75: , Fray, W. W. Study of effect of skull rotation on roentgenological measurements of pineal gland. Radiology 27: , Fray, W.W. Roentgenological study of pineal orientation (11 1) Comparison of methods used in pineal orientation. Amer. ;. Roentgen. 39: , Oon, C. L. A new method of pineal localization. Amer. j. Roentgen. 92: , McLaren, j. R. A method for localizing the pineal gland on anteroposterior projections. Amer. j. Roentgen. 8 7 : , Isley, j. K., j r., and Baylin, G.j. A new method for localizing the calcified pineal gland on the lateral skull roentgenogram. Amer. ι 87: , Roentgen. 17. Goree, j.a., Wallace, K.K., j r., and Bean, R. L. The pineal tomogram i visualization of the faintly calcified pineal gland, Amer. j. Roentgen. 89: , Yoshitoki Murase, Sengai Tanaka etc. A new simple measurement of pineal calcification in the lateral craniogram, Amer. j. Roentgen , Sep Hahn, j.y.f., Rim, K. and Schapiro, R, L. The normal range and position of the pineal gland on computed tomography. Radiology 779: , june

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