untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 Clinical Article The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2014;32(2): Posturography 를이용한한발서기균형능력검사의신뢰도분석 분당제생병원재활의학과 이태임ㆍ강연ㆍ이윤수 Reliability of Single Leg Balance Test Using Posturography Tae Im Yi, Yeon Kang, Yoon Soo Lee Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Posturographic examination is commonly used by clinicians to evaluate standing balance. Because it is perfomed with double leg standing, it cannot sensitively detect the minor balance problem like functional ankle instability. This study aims to evaluate the test retest reliability of the single leg balance test using Tetrax posturography and its correlation with modified star excursion balance test (msebt). 30 healthy participants (16 male, 14 female, mean age 26.3±3.3) were volunteered for this study. We manufactured a specially designed wood plate to assess their single leg standing balance. It was set on each of the 4 force plates of Tetrax posturography (Sunlight Medical Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel). Stability index were measured based on each single leg stance. Participants performed the single leg balance test on Tetrax posturography in three different times, and they also performed the msebt. The test retest reliability of stability index measured by Tetrax posturography was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient, and its correlation with the normalized composite distance of msebt was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient. The single leg balance test using Tetrax posturography showed good test retest reliability. There was a negative correlation between the stability index of Tetrax posturography and the normalized composite distance of msebt, based on right and left leg stance, respectively. These findings suggest that Tetrax posturography is a useful and reliable tool for single leg balance assessment. Keywords: Reliability, Postural balance, Proprioception, Ankle injuries Received: October 2, 2014 Revised: November 17, 2014 Accepted: November 24, 2014 Correspondence: Yeon Kang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, 20 Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam , Korea Tel: , Fax: glide@dmc.or.kr Copyright 2014 The Korean Society of Sports Medicine CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 서론발목관절은운동이나일상생활중가장흔하게손상될수있는부위중하나이며, 이는대부분급격히방향전환을하거나울퉁불퉁한표면을걸을때예기치않은발목의과도한내번 (inversion) 에기인한다. 발목이과도하게내번및족저굴곡 (plantar flexion) 될때발목외측인대에손상이올수있으며, 이중전거비인대 (anterior talofibular ligament) 와종비인대 (calcaneofibular ligament) 손상이가장흔하다 1). 발목외측인대손상이후인대의구조적인손상이없이도손상당한쪽으로 120 대한스포츠의학회지

2 이태임외. Posturography 를이용한한발서기균형능력검사의신뢰도분석 체중을지지하였을때발목이꺾일것같은주관적인느낌을호소하는경우가있는데, 이를기능적불안정성 (functional ankle instability) 이라한다 1-3). 이는상당수의환자들에서동일한부위에재발을경험하게하는주원인이되기때문에이러한환자들의재활치료과정에서기능적불안정성을객관적으로진단하고평가하는것은매우중요한역할을한다. Posturography는기립시자세균형을객관적으로평가할수있는도구중하나로써힘판을통해자세의흔들림을정량적으로측정하고분석할수있다. 이중 Tetrax posturography (Sunlight Medical Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel) 는 4개의각각독립된힘판을통해자세흔들림을분석하여다양한균형관련지수들을산출할수있다. 검사시좌우전족부와후족부를각각의힘판위에놓고기립한상태에서시각이나체성감각을차단하거나다양하게자세를변화시키면서균형을평가한다. 이를통해뇌졸중, 파킨슨병, 척수손상등으로인해균형능력이현저히저하된환자들에서뿐만아니라 4-6), 당뇨병성말초신경병증환자들의균형평가시에도유용하게사용되고있다 7). 하지만발목손상이후편측의기능적불안정성이발생하였더라도양발로서있는자세에서균형을유지하는데지장이없기때문에 Tetrax posturography를이용한균형측정방법으로이를민감하게평가하기에는한계가있다. 발목에기능적불안정성이있는환자들은특히한발서기자세에서균형유지능력이저하되어있기때문에 1), 저자들은한발로선채로 Tetrax posturography를이용할수있는방법을고안하였다. 따라서본연구에서는정상인을대상으로이검사방법에대한검사 재검사신뢰도를알아보고, 발목의기능적불안정성을평가하는데많이사용되고있는 star excursion balance test (SEBT) 와의상관관계에대해알아보고자하였다. 연구방법 1. 연구대상본연구는한발서기자세를유지하는데신체적결함이없는대학생및일반인 30명 ( 남자 16명, 여자 14명 ) 을대상으로하였다. 이들의평균나이, 키및몸무게는 26.3±3.3세, 169.6±8.9 cm, 66.9±15.0 kg이었다. 최근 1년내에하지를다쳤던적이있거나, 하지수술력, 신경학적질환, 전정기관질환이있는자들은대상자에서제외하였다. 모든대상자들은본연구의목적과방법에대하여충분히설명을들은후연구참여에대한동의서에서명하였다. 2. 검사방법 1) Tetrax posturography Tetrax posturography의힘판은 4개로분리되어있으며각각양발의전족부와후족부로부터의수직압력변화를측정한다. 전족부힘판은가로 12 cm, 세로 19 cm의직사각형이며, 후족부힘판은가로 12 cm, 세로 12 cm의정사각형이다. 실험자가힘판에양발을위치시키고섰을때힘판에주어지는압력에 Fig. 1. (A) Tetrax posturography is composed of monitor, desktop and four separate force plates. (B) Specially manufactured wood plate which installed on each of the four force plates. (C) Performing the single leg balance test. (D) Bottom surface of the wood plate. 제 32 권제 2 호

3 TI Yi, et al. Reliability of Single Leg Balance Test Using Posturography 대한데이터는 Tetrax 소프트웨어프로그램을통해분석된다. 저자들은 Tetrax posturography 회사에의뢰하여한발서기상태로 4개의힘판에모두압력을전달할수있도록나무판을제작하였다 (Fig. 1D). 아래면에부착된 4개의판이모든힘판을동시에누를수있도록나무판을 Tetrax posturography에위치시켰고, 이를움직이지않도록고정시킨뒤모든참가자들이동일한조건에서검사를시행하였다. 검사시행전나무판위에바벨을올려놓고, 각힘판에전달된무게를모니터로확인하면서 4개의힘판으로모두동일한무게가전달되는위치를찾아표시하였다. 참가자들은맨발로나무판에표시된위치에발을올려놓고한발서기검사를수행하였다. 한발서기시양손을골반에얹고정면을주시하면서반대쪽발을살짝지면으로부터든채로좌우각각 30초간유지하도록하였다 (Fig. 1). 균형평가척도로서안정성지수 (stability index) 를사용하였는데이는 Tetrax 소프트웨어프로그램을통해산출된수치로서이수치가높을수록검사시자세가많이흔들렸다고해석할수있다 8). 한발서기용발판을이용한 Tetrax posturography의검사재검사신뢰도를평가하기위해동일한검사를 3회시행하였다. 그리고반복검사로인한발목의피로도가검사결과에영향을미치지않도록각검사사이에 5분간의휴식시간을가졌다. 2) SEBT SEBT는한발서기상태에서동적균형을평가하는검사이다. 맨발로양손을골반에얹고한발로선상태를시작자세로, 반대쪽발을뻗어서발가락끝이지면에살짝닿게한후다시시작자세로돌아올수있는최장도달거리를센티미터로측정하였다 (Fig. 2). 검사도중서있는발이지면에서떨어지거나자세가흐트러져서시작자세로돌아오지못하는경우, 또는뻗은발로지면에체중부하를하게되면실패한것으로간주하였다. 이외에체간및엉덩이, 무릎, 발목등의하지관절에서의움직임은허용되었다. 각각여덟방향에서 (anterior, anteromedial, anterolateral, medial, lateral, posterior, posteromedial, posterolateral) 최장도달거리를측정하는것이본래의검사방법이지만, 각방향간불필요한중복과검사시간이오래걸리는등의단점이있기때문에본연구에서는 modified SEBT (msebt) protocol을따라세방향에서만 (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral) 측정하였다 9-11). 시작전검사자가먼저참가자들에게시범을보였고, 검사방법을충분히숙지시킨후검사를진행하였다. 참가자들이검사방법에익숙해지기전까지학습효과 (practice effect) 가있기때문에 4번의연습시도이후검사를시작하였고 12), 이후총 3회시도후평균값을도달거리로하였다. 최대도달거리는균형능력뿐만아니라참가자의다리길이에도영향을받기때문에이를배제하기위해, 측정된거리를다리길이로나눈후 100을곱하여다리길이에대한비율 (% leg length) 로최장도달거리값을계산하였다. 그리고이를통해얻은세방향의거리를평균내어 normalized composite reach distance를산출하였다. 다리길이는누운자세에서위앞엉덩뼈가시부터안쪽복사까지의길이로측정하였다. 3. 통계분석 Tetrax posturography에서한발서기용발판을이용하여측정한안정성지수의검사재검사신뢰도는급내상관계수로평가하였다. 그리고 Pearson 상관계수를통하여 msebt의 normalized composite reach distance와의상관관계여부를평가하였다. 통계분석을위해 PASW Statistics ver. 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을사용하였다. Fig. 2. (A) Anterior, (B) Posteromedial, (C) Posterolateral reach directions of the modified star excursion balance test based on right leg stance. 122 대한스포츠의학회지

4 이태임외. Posturography 를이용한한발서기균형능력검사의신뢰도분석 Table 1. Results of stability index of Tetrax posturography and normarlized composite reach distance of modified star excursion balance test Right Stability index* 38.06±8.67 Normalized composite reach distance (% leg length) 90.22±5.82 Left 36.48± ±6.14 Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. *Mean of the each three trials; Normalized to limb length. Table 2. Test retest reliability of stability index measured by Tetrax posturography based on each single leg stance Right Left ICC 95% CI ICC 95% CI p-value Test retest reliability ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient, CI: confidence interval. Fig. 3. Statistically significant (p<0.05) and negative correlation was observed between the stability index of Tetrax posturography and the normalized composite distance of modified star excursion balance test, based on right and left leg stance, respectively. 결 과 고 찰 한발서기상태로 Tetrax posturography에서총 3회안정성지수를측정하였고, 평균값은오른쪽다리로섰을때 38.06±8.67, 왼쪽다리로섰을때 36.48±7.7이었다 (Table 1). 총 3회시행한검사에대한급내상관계수는오른쪽에서 0.762, 왼쪽에서 이었다 (Table 2). msebt로산출한 normalized composite reach distance는오른쪽다리로섰을때 90.2±5.8, 왼쪽다리로섰을때 90.7±6.1이었다. 한발서기상태에서 Tetrax posturography로측정한안정성지수와 normalized composite reach distance 간에오른쪽다리로섰을때 (r= 0.444, p=0.014) 와왼쪽다리로섰을때 (r= 0.448, p=0.013) 모두각각음의상관관계를보였고이는통계적으로유의했다 (Fig. 3). 균형조절은시각, 전정감각, 그리고고유감각등이중추신경계에서통합되어다중감각되먹임을거쳐서이루어진다. 이중에서도발목은특히기립자세에서균형을유지하는데중요한역할을한다. 외측발목인대손상이후기능적발목불안정성으로인해재발을겪는환자들은발목으로부터의고유수용감각이저하되어있으며, 기계적감각수용기손상뿐만아니라비복근내의근방추활성도변화가중요한역할을하는것으로알려져있다 13). 그리고신경근동원전략의저하로인해예상치못하게발목이내번될경우이에대한비골근의반사반응이느려져재발의원인이된다. 이로인해발목염좌가지속적으로재발하는환자에서는특히손상측으로한발 제 32 권제 2 호

5 TI Yi, et al. Reliability of Single Leg Balance Test Using Posturography 서기시균형조절능력이저하되어있다. 이를평가하기위해진료실에서직접환자에게좌우각각한발서기를시키면서비교해볼수있지만결과해석에주관적인요소가개입될수있고, 재활치료를시행하면서호전여부를확인하기위한추적검사로서의활용도는떨어진다. 이를객관적으로평가하기위한방법으로갑작스러운발목의내번에대한비골근의반응시간을표면기록전극을통해측정하거나, 신체에특수한센서를부착하여발목관절의위치감각을측정하는방법들이있다 13). 하지만 posturography를이용하면이들방법보다비교적쉽게객관적이고정량적인결과값을도출해낼수있다. 그리고치료전후의결과값비교를통해환자들이재활치료과정에능동적으로참여할수있도록동기를부여하는데도움이될것이다. 본연구에서는한발서기유지시자세흔들림을평가하기위해균형평가지수로서안정성지수만을사용하였다. 또다른 Tetrax posturography의균형평가지수로서안정성지수이외에도 4개의힘판에각각가해지는체중의분포정도를나타내는체중분포지수, 전족부와후족부간, 좌우전족부간또는후족부간에측정된진동의파형을비교하여산출한동시성지수, 자세흔들림의주파수를분석하여산출한푸리에지수등이있다. 본연구에서사용된나무판위에참가자가한발로서면 Tetrax posturography의네개의힘판으로동시에동일한수직압력이전달된다. 그렇기때문에양발서기상태에서검사할때보다한발로섰을때오히려각각의힘판으로전달되는체중이나자세흔들림의파형차이가적게측정되어서체중분포지수와동시성지수를민감한지표로활용할수없었다. 푸리에지수는푸리에전환을통해자세흔들림의강도를회귀분석한값으로, 균형저하를유발하는병변의부위에따라각기다른주파수의흔들림이나타나는데해당주파수의푸리에지수가높을수록해당부위에병적인상태를시사한다. 양발로서있는자세에서 0.1 Hz 이하의흔들림은안정적인자세를유지하는상태에서나타나며, 전정기관이상시 Hz, 하지와척추로부터의체성감각이상시 Hz, 중추신경계이상시 1 Hz 이상의자세흔들림이나타나는것으로알려져있다 8). 하지만이러한기준을한발로서있을때의자세흔들림에그대로적용할수는없기때문에푸리에지수역시본연구에서사용하지않았다. 실제로대부분의참가자들이한발로섰을때 1 Hz를훨씬초과하는자세흔들림을보여서의미있는결과값을산출할수없었다. 그리고저자들은 Tetrax posturography를이용하여비교적단시간내에간단하게시행할수있는검사를고안하고자하였기때문에 안정성지수에대한신뢰도평가만을시행하였다. 각검사사이에 5분의휴식시간을가지면서총 3회동일한검사를시행하였고그결과높은검사재검사신뢰도를보였다. 앞으로본방법으로측정한안정성지수를신뢰할수있는결과값으로이용할수있을것이라생각된다. SEBT는한발서기상태로동적균형을평가하는검사로, 여러연구를통해증명된기능적발목불안정성을평가하는데민감한평가도구이며검사자내, 검사자간신뢰도도우수한것으로알려져있다 14-16). 그리고최근에는세방향에서만측정한최장도달거리로평가하는방법이추천되고있다 11). 본연구에서는 Tetrax posturography를이용하여한발서기상태로측정한안정성지수에대하여 msebt의 normalized composite reach distance와어떠한상관관계를갖는지알아보았다. 그결과두검사의결과값사이에유의한음의상관관계가관찰되었다. 이는 Tetrax posturography를이용하여한발서기상태로측정한안정성지수가높을수록 normalized composite reach distance가짧음을의미한다. 하지만강한수준의상관관계를보이지는않았는데, posturography는단순히한발서기자세를유지하는동안의자세흔들림정도를측정하는정적인검사이고, msebt는최대도달거리를측정하는동적인검사이기때문에여기에서기인한차이가두검사간상관관계에있어서변수로작용한것으로보인다. msebt 시행시에는검사자체의학습효과로인해최소 4번의연습시도후에정식평가를진행하도록권장되고있다. 그렇기때문에특히고령의환자들에서는검사방법교육및시행에시간이오래걸리고환자의협조정도에따라결과값이크게영향을받을수있다. 하지만저자들이고안한방법은특별한교육없이간단하게시행할수있기때문에실제진료현장에서쉽게활용될수있을것으로생각된다. 한발서기자세에서정적균형을정량적으로평가할수있는효과적인임상검사가부족하기때문에인해본연구에서는신뢰도분석이외에추가적으로 msebt와의연관성을알아보았다. 하지만 msebt는발목관절뿐아니라무릎, 엉덩관절및몸통조절에의해서도크게영향을받는검사이기때문에두검사의결과값이서로직접적으로연관되어있다고해석하기엔무리가있을것이다. 그리고본연구는건강한젊은성인을대상으로만시행되었기때문에, 본검사방법이임상에서의미있게사용되기위해서는앞으로다양한연령대및실제발목의기능적불안정성을가진환자들을대상으로추가적인연구가필요할것이다. 동일한검사를반복수행시발목의피로가결과에영향을미치지않도록 5분간휴식을취하면서 124 대한스포츠의학회지

6 이태임외. Posturography 를이용한한발서기균형능력검사의신뢰도분석 검사를시행하였지만, 비교적검사간격이짧아서학습효과를완전히배제할수없었다. 하지만따로검사방법을습득해야하는과정이없는검사이기때문에학습효과에의한영향은적을것으로생각된다. 실제로각시도마다참가자들의결과값사이에는유의한차이를보이지않았다. 본연구를통해 Tetrax posturography를이용하여한발서기자세로측정한안정성지수는높은검사재검사신뢰도를보여주었다. 그리고동적균형을평가하는도구로써많이사용되고있는 msebt의결과와도유의한상관관계를갖는것으로밝혀졌다. 앞으로발목의기능적불안정성을진단하거나재활치료전후로호전여부를평가시객관적인검사도구로써사용될수있을것으로기대된다. References 1. Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. J Athl Train 2002;37: Freeman MA, Dean MR, Hanham IW. The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1965;47: Tropp H. Commentary: functional ankle instability revisited. J Athl Train 2002;37: Kim HM, Chun MH, Kim CR, Park JY. Effects of dynamic ankle-foot orthosis on postural balance control in hemiparetic patients. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2011;35: Kim BR, Choi KH, Chun MH, Lee MC, Chung SJ, Jang KW. Evaluation of balance control in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease using tetra-ataxiometric posturography. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2009;33: Lee GE, Bae H, Yoon TS, Kim JS, Yi TI, Park JS. Factors that influence quiet standing balance of patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injuries. Ann Rehabil Med 2012;36: Oppenheim U, Kohen-Raz R, Alex D, Kohen-Raz A, Azarya M. Postural characteristics of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1999;22: Kohen-Raz R. Application of tetra-ataxiametric posturography in clinical and developmental diagnosis. Percept Mot Skills 1991;73: Hertel J, Braham RA, Hale SA, Olmsted-Kramer LC. Simplifying the star excursion balance test: analyses of subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006;36: Plisky PJ, Rauh MJ, Kaminski TW, Underwood FB. Star excursion balance test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006;36: Hertel J. Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Clin Sports Med 2008;27: Robinson RH, Gribble PA. Support for a reduction in the number of trials needed for the star excursion balance test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89: Munn J, Sullivan SJ, Schneiders AG. Evidence of sensorimotor deficits in functional ankle instability: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2010;13: Olmsted LC, Carcia CR, Hertel J, Shultz SJ. Efficacy of the star excursion balance tests in detecting reach deficits in subjects with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train 2002;37: Munro AG, Herrington LC. Between-session reliability of the star excursion balance test. Phys Ther Sport 2010;11: Gribble PA, Hertel J, Plisky P. Using the star excursion balance test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review. J Athl Train 2012;47: 제 32 권제 2 호

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016)

Microsoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016) Sang Jun Kim, MD, PhD Application of 3D Printing in the Orthotic Fields Hallux Valgus, Charcot Marie Tooth, ADL Kit, Foot Insole, Wrist Pain, Foot Drop Development of Automated Program for Ankle Foot Orthosis

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

스포츠과학 143호 내지.indd

스포츠과학 143호 내지.indd https simtk.org,, sanghyuk0620@kspo.or.kr.... 48 SPORT SCIENCE . 33 55% 1 2 Iwamoto and Takeda 2003 3 1 3.......?... 4 SPORT SCIENCE 1. 2 3 12 16 3 6.. 5 strain gauge. 1970. 6 1) Brukner, P., Bradshaw,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - evaluation(창원대)

Microsoft PowerPoint - evaluation(창원대) Evaluation 헤렌휘트니스파크한경진 ATC Contents 1. Shoulder 2. Elbow 3. Knee 4. Ankle 1 Shoulder Neer Hawkin s Empty can Speed O brien Shoulder anatomy 2 Neer Test Hawkin s test 3 Empty can test Speed Test 4 O Brien

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Special Issue Rehabilitation of Running Injuries Ki Un Jang, M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine Hangang

Special Issue Rehabilitation of Running Injuries Ki Un Jang, M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine Hangang Rehabilitation of Running Injuries Ki Un Jang, M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital Email : jangkiun@hanmail.net Abstract Running

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

001-학회지소개(영)

001-학회지소개(영) Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Effect of Paren Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal

More information

( ) Jkra076.hwp

( ) Jkra076.hwp Vol. 11, No. 4, December, 2004 Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) of joints has a unique position for the diagnosis of joint diseases. Bone surface, cartilage, periarticular soft tissue and their pathologic

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770> 大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466>

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466> 001 002 003 004 005 006 008 009 010 011 2010 013 I II III 014 IV V 2010 015 016 017 018 I. 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 III. 041 042 III. 043

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

한국 출산력의 저하 요인에 관한 연구

한국 출산력의 저하 요인에 관한 연구 가족계획실천율 가족계획실천자 세 유배우부인 조출생률 년간 총출생아수 연앙인구수 일반출산율 년간 총출생아수 가임연령 여자연앙인구수 합계출산율 세 연령층 여성이 출산한 출생아수 세 연령층 여성의 연앙인구수 즉 합계출산율 합 6 계 출 산 율 5 4 3 2 1 1960 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

<31382D322D3420BDC5B1D4C8AF5FB3EDB9AE28C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770>

<31382D322D3420BDC5B1D4C8AF5FB3EDB9AE28C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770> 醫 史 學 제18권 제2호(통권 제35호) 2009년 12월 Korean J Med Hist 18ː57 72 18ː173-188 Dec. Dec. 2009 2009 C 大 韓 醫 史 學 會 ISSN ISSN 1225 505X 1225-505X 지방병 연구와 식민지배 : 1927년 영흥 및 해남지역 에메틴 중독사건을 중심으로 신 규 환* 1. 머리말 2. 일제의

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션 하지대근육군 (Lower limbs muscular) 젂경골근 (Tibial Anterior) 젂경골근의족배굴곡을하는힘의주동근이다. 발목관젃의근육은발목을움직임을정확하게아는것이중요하다. 해당동작으로움직여보면근육의위치를앋수있다. 걷기와뛰기 ( 발뒤꿈치가땅에닿은후발앞부분이땅에급격 히떨어지지않도록작용한다. 젂경골근 (Tibial Anterior) 서서있는상태에서몸이과다하게뒤로갈때는싞장수축,

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc YWXY G ºG ºG t G G GGGGGGGGGrzyYWXYhWYXG Ÿƒ Ÿ ± k ¹Ÿˆ Review about the pantograph field test result adapted for HEMU-430X (1) ÕÕÛ äñ ã G Ki-Nam Kim, Tae-Hwan Ko * Abstract In this paper, explain differences

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원

지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원 지원연구분야 ( 코드 ) LC0202 과제번호 1110550 창의과제프로그램공개가능여부과제성격 ( 기초, 응용, 개발 ) 응용실용화대상여부실용화공개 ( 공개, 비공개 ) ( 국문 ) 연구과제명 과제책임자 세부과제 ( 영문 ) 구분 1 2 3 소속위암연구과직위책임연구원 성명류근원전공외과 세부과제명 세부과제책임자 성명 소속 ( 직위 ) 전공 총연구기간 2011

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

석사논문.PDF

석사논문.PDF ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 2 ABO Rh

More information

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

04-다시_고속철도61~80p

04-다시_고속철도61~80p Approach for Value Improvement to Increase High-speed Railway Speed An effective way to develop a highly competitive system is to create a new market place that can create new values. Creating tools and

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowon Lee 2 * 1 Program of Software Convergence, Soongsil

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A528B1E8C1BEB9E8292E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A528B1E8C1BEB9E8292E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 18, No. 11 : 2593~2599 Nov. 2014 오픈소스 모바일 UI컴포넌트 선정 절차 프레임워크 손효정 1 이민규 2 성백민

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information