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1 Korean J. Plant Res. 27(5): (2014) Print ISSN Online ISSN Original Research Article 강찬호 *, 유영진, 최규환, 김효진, 신용규, 이공준, 고도영, 송영주, 김정곤 전라북도농업기술원 Analysis of Ecotype, Growth and Development, Yield and Feed Value of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Genetic Resources Chan-Ho Kang*, Young-Jin Yoo, Kyu-Hwan Choi, Hyo-Jin Kim, Yong-Kyu Shin, Gong-Jun Lee, Do-Young Ko, Young-Ju Song and Chung-Kon Kim Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Iksan , Korea Abstract - In this study, we collected 29 Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources from 10 countries to confirm the possibility of the introduction into Korea. The Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has the broad industrial use like feed and the 5 times more strong CO 2 absorption capacity compared to general plant. So recently it is considered as a good industrial source. We analyzed ecotype, growth and development, yield and feed value of collected resources. They were divided into 3 groups depending on flowering time, early maturing type blooming in early July, mid-late maturing type blooming from end of August to early September and late maturing type blooming in end of October. Early maturing type could get fruitful seed but dropped yield (average 7,895 kg /10a) and late maturing type could get high yield (average 12,572 kg /10a) but deletion. The other side mid-late maturing type could get yield over a certain level (average 11,207 kg /10a) and fruitful seed was ensured. The yields analyzed by resources indicated that K12 (Hongma 300) collected in China, K25 from India, K22 from Russia and K21 (Khonkaen 60) variety from China were more than 13,500 kg per 10a. Feed value of early maturing type had inclined to more better than other types, but like dry digestible matter (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) of some late maturing types like K12, K21, K22 which had a high yielding ability were more better than that of early maturing types. So relative feed value (RFV) which considered comprehensive item for feed value were indicated K21 was 102.5, K12 was and K22 was Jangdae the variety developed in Korea which could complement of other types had a good quality for yield 10,975 kg /10a and 12.5% crude protein content and of the relative feed value. So we need to be taken power to collection of mid-late maturing types resources. Key words - Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), Genetic resources, Yield, Feed value 서언케나프는산업소재사용분야가대단히넓고 CO 2 흡수율이일반작물의 5배이상되는대표적환경정화식물로서최근관심증대및국제판매가격상승으로국내활성화가능성이매우커지고있다. 평균수확량이생체로는연간 7~9 MT/10a, 건중으로는 3~4 MT/10a에이를정도로수량이많아충분한생산물확보가가능하고, 줄기나잎의조단백질함량은 14~34% (Killinger, 1969; Suityajantratong et al., 1973; Swingle et al., 1978; Weber * 교신저자 ( ) : kangho68@korea.kr and Bledsoe, 1993) 줄기는 2~12% (Swingle et al., 1978; Weber and Bledsoe, 1993) 로전식물체에 6~23% 를함유하고있으며건물소화율은 53~58%, 조단백질소화율은 59~71% (Wing, 1967; Swingle et al., 1978; Bhardwaj et al., 1995) 로높은사료적가치를가지고있다. 실제미국애리조나지역에서양사육을위한배합사료로케나프잎과볏짚을혼합하여급여한결과사육효율이높았음이 (Dao et al., 1989) 확인되었고케나프전초를사료로하여새끼양을사육한결과사육효율이우수하여반추동물의사양에아주우수한사료원으로사용될수있음을알수있었다 (Swingle et al., 1978). 잎은중요한단백질함유부위이기때문에케나프사료이용에있어서잎의수량과분포비율 c 본학회지의저작권은 ( 사 ) 한국자원식물학회지에있으며, 이의무단전재나복제를금합니다. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 이중요한데품종별로잎의분포비율차이가커서적절한품종및계통선택이사료이용에있어서중요하다 (Weber and Bledsoe, 1993). 특히국제곡물가상승및사료가격급등에따른축산농가가경영난을겪고있는우리나라의상황을고려해볼때경제성있는조사료자원으로서의다양한유전자원을도입하여국내이용활성화를검토해야할시점이다. 우리나라에서는최근산업적이용분야가다변화되고경제적중요성이강조되면서 2000년대이후품종육성연구와일부재배기술에대한연구가수행되어오고있다. 그러나국내에서검토된품종및계통이제한적이어서일부 2~3 개품종의국내재배가능성이확인된정도이다. 국내에도입된케나프자원의생육형은조생종, 중만생종, 만생종으로나누어지고종자의결실가능성및생산성이품종별로크게차이가있어국내도입활성화를위해서는최적계통의선발과보급을위한유전자원의정밀한특성평가가필요하다. 위와같이우수한산업적이용가능성을보유하고있으며수량성이매우높은데다상당한정도의내건성과 (Curties and Lauchli, 1985) 중간단계이상의염류내성을가지고있는 (Francois et al., 1992) 케나프의국내도입활성화를촉진시키기위해서해외유전자원을수집하고기본적인생육특성과수량성그리고사료가치등을생태형별로분석하여국내에서의산업이용가능성등을확인하고국내적용이가능한우수한계통및품종등을선발한내용을본논문을통하여고찰하고자하였다. 재료및방법유전자원수집유전자원은 2012~2013 년 2년에걸쳐수집하였는데자원중일부는기존유전자원을보유하고있는한국원자력연구원등에분양을요청하여수집하였고미국농무부 (United States Department of Agriculture, USDA), 방글라데시황마협회 (Bangladesh Jute Association, BJA) 그리고인도황마산업연구조합 (Indian Jute Industries Research Association, IJIRA) 등유전자원보유기관에직접분양을요청하여수집하였다. 특히 2013년수집분은농촌진흥청을통하여미국농무부 (USDR) 로부터수집하였는데수집자원은총 29 계통및품종이었고미국등 10 개국으로부터유래한자원이었다. 수집자원중 12종은품종이었고나머지 17종은계통이었으며품종중에는우리나라원자력연구원에서육성한 Jangdae( 장대 ) 가포함되었다 (Table 1). 유전자원파종및재배유전자원의파종및재배는전라북도농업기술원시험포장에서실시하였는데시비량은 Table 2의시험전토양화학적특성을조사하여아직케나프의시비기준이설정되어있지않기때문에비슷한특성을가진작물로평가되는옥수수시비처방기준 (RDA, 2012) 에따라 N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O ( kg /ha) 를시용하였다. 비료시용후 4월상순쟁기를이용하여심경하였으며파종 1주일전토양살충제를살포하여경운하고, 관리기를이용너비 120 cm, 배수로 40 cm의이랑을만든후파종하였다. 파종은 5월 1일에조간 30 cm주간 20 cm로시험구당 4열로점파하였는데파종후화본과잡초가 3~5 엽기에이르렀을때화본과전용제초제인 fluazipof-p-butyl 계제초제 ( 상표명 : 뉴원사이드 ) 를물 20 L에 20 ml섞어서분무기를통하여살포하였다. 수확은파종 150 일후실시하였고, 시험구배치는난괴법 3 반복으로하였다. 사료가치분석분석시기사료가치는케나프파종후 100 일이경과한 8월 10일경식물체전초를시료로채취하여분석하였으며줄기와잎의무게비율은 35:65 였다. 조단백질함량조단백질함량측정은 Kjeldahl 법을사용하였는데건조시료 0.7~1 g에분해촉진제와황산을첨가하고서서히가열분해시킨후증류하여붕산에포집된 NH 4 -N을 0.1 N 염산용액으로적정하여측정하였다. 세포벽구성물질 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid detergent fiber (ADF) 등을포함한세포벽구성물질은 Van Soest 방법을사용하여분석하였는데시료중의중성불용부분을계면활성제로처리하여세포내당류, 단백질, 지질등을유화용해시켜세포막물질에서분리시킨후용해되지않은부분을정량하여측정하였다. 이때 NDF 는중성세제용액을사용하여 60 분간끓인다음용해되지않은부분을측정한값으로하였고, ADF 는산성세제용액으로 60분간끓인다음용해되지않은부분을구한측정값으로하였다. TDN( 가소화영양소총량 : Total digestible nutrients) 은다음공식에의해산출하였다 (Shin et al., 2012). 가소화영양소총량 = 88.9-ADF (%)

3 韓資植誌 Korean J. Plant Res. 27(5) : 556~566(2014) Table 1. The collection of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources No. Origination Collected variety and line Collection Year Bestowal agency 1 (K1) Russia (Line) K KAERI z 2 (K2) India (Line) K KAERI 3 (K3) Iran (Line) K KAERI 4 (K4) Italia (Line) K KAERI 5 (K5) Russia (Line) K KAERI 6 (K6) Italia (Line) K KAERI 7 (K7) India (Line) K KAERI 8 (K8) India (Line) K KAERI 9 (K9) Russia (Line) K KAERI 10 (K10) USA (Line) Florida L USDA 11 (K11) Korea (Variety) Jangdae 2012 KAERI 12 (K12) China (Variety) Hongma USDA 13 (K13) USA (Line) Florida No. A USDA (RDA) y 14 (K14) USA (Line) Florida No. A USDA (RDA) 15 (K15) USA (Line) Master Fiber 2013 USDA (RDA) 16 (K16) Kenya (Variety) Puna 2013 USDA (RDA) 17 (K17) Mexico (Variety) Taituna green 2013 USDA (RDA) 18 (K18) USA (Variety) Whitten 2013 USDA (RDA) 19 (K19) USA (Variety) Dowling 2013 USDA (RDA) 20 (K20) China (Variety) Xiang Hong No USDA (RDA) 21 (K21) China (Variety) Khon Kaen USDA (RDA) 22 (K22) Russia (Variety) Gregg 2013 USDA (RDA) 23 (K23) Taiwan (Variety) Yue USDA (RDA) 24 (K24) Taiwan (Variety) Taiwan 2013 USDA (RDA) 25 (K25) India (Line) Red 2013 IJIRA x 26 (K26) India (Line) Black 2013 IJIRA 27 (K27) India (Line) White 2013 IJIRA 28 (K28) China (Variety) Hongma BJA w 29 (K29) USA (Line) Florida No. A BJA z KAERI: Korea atomic energy research institute. y USDA (RDA): United States Department of Agriculture through Rural Development Administration. x IJIRA: Indian Jute Industries Research Association. w BJA: Bangladesh Jute Association. Table 2. The physiochemical properties of experiment station Classification ph (1:5) EC (ds m -1 ) OM (%) P 2 O 5 ( mg kg -1 ) C.E.C (cmol + kg -1 ) Experiment field T-N (%) -558-

4 결과및고찰수집자원의형태특성과생육형및종자결실가능성 Table 3는시험지의기상을분석해놓은자료이다. 5월이후평균온도, 최저기온및최고기온등은대체적으로평년에비해높게유지되었는데특히 7~10 월평균기온이평년에비해거의대부분 1 이상높았으며, 강수량도대체로평년수준보다많아서모든수집유전자원의토양재배가이루어진 2013년기상 은고온성작물인케나프생육에전반적으로유리하게작용한것으로나타났다. 케나프수집자원을 5월상순에파종하고식물체생육과정에따라생장상황과형태특성그리고개화 결실특성등을관찰하였다. 수집된자원 29종의생육형은크게 7월상순에개화하는조기개화형과 8월하순에서 9월상순에개화하는중만기개화형그리고 10월하순정도에개화하는만기개화형으로나뉘어졌다. 조기개화형은일조시간이 12.5 시간을넘어서는시점부 Table 3. The weather condition of experiment place in culture period Avr. Temp. ( ) Lowest Temp. ( ) Highest temp. ( ) Rainfall ( mm ) Classification Month Common year This year (2013) Fluctuation Common year This year (2013) Fluctuation Common year This year (2013) Fluctuation Common year This year (2013) Fluctuation Table 4. Maturing type, shape character and fruiting capability of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources Genetic Resources Maturing type Leaf shape (Indentation No.) Stem colour Fruiting Figure K1 K2 K3 (5) (Upper:red) K4 Heart shape & mixed (Upper:red) K5 (Under:red) -559-

5 韓資植誌 Korean J. Plant Res. 27(5) : 556~566(2014) Table 4. Continued Genetic Resources Maturing type Leaf shape (Indentation No.) Stem colour Fruiting Figure K6 Pale red K7 K8 (Under:red) K9 K10 Late flowering (Upper:red) K11 Mid-late flowering (early September) August) -green K12 (Upper:red) K13 (3) K14 K15 K16 (3) K17 Red K18 Circular K19 Mid-flowering (late August) Pale green K20 Circular -560-

K24 Red K25 (Upper:Pale green) K26 Pale green (Upper:Pale

6 Table 4. Continued Genetic Resources Maturing type Leaf shape (Indentation No.) Stem colour Fruiting Figure K21 Circular K22 K23 Red K24 Red K25 (Upper:Pale green) K26 Pale green (Upper:Pale red) K27 & Circular mixed (Upper:Red) K28 K29 터개화하기시작하여 (Wilson et al., 1965) 수정된지 30일이상경과하게되면결실하게되는데개화결실이이루어지는생식생장기로전환되면영양생장이늦추어지거나중단되는특성으로보아조생종으로분류할수있었다. 중만생종으로구분되는중만기개화종은 8월하순부터 9월상순사이에개화하여결실하게되는데원활한결실에요구되는소요일수가충분치못하여결실율및채종가능량이조기개화형보다는떨어지는경향을나타내었다. 만생종인만기개화형은 10월하순에서 11월상순에개화하게되는데개화기이후평균온도가급격히떨어져결실하는데필요한조건이맞추어지지못하여결실이불가능하였다 (Table 4). 수집자원중조생종과만생종그리고중만생종의비율분포를보면만생종과조생종의점유율이비슷하나우리나라에서채종이불가능한만생종이약간분포비율이높은것으로확인 되었고중만생종은분포가적었다. 이는국내결실이불가하지만영양생장기가길어충분한수량확보가가능한만생종의특성과종자는결실이가능하나수량이충분하지못한조생종의특성들을상호보완하는차원에서중만생종자원의확보가금후에는중점적으로추진되어야할필요성이있다는점을시사한다. 실제로수집된전자원을대상으로수량을분석한결과조생종은 7,895 kg /10a 인반면만생종은 12,572 kg /10a, 중만생종은 11,207 kg /10a 로유의적인차이를나타내었다. 종자결실도와결실량을보면개화후충분한온도와성숙기간확보가가능한조생종은주당평균 54개의꼬투리가달리고식물체 1주당 48 g, 1,600 개정도의종자가맺히는반면만생종은결실이되지않았고중만생종은 32개의꼬투리에 26 g, 867 개의종자를얻을수있었다 (Table 5). 케나프의발아및생육특성을보면 5월상순파종후충분한수분공급이이루어지면약 5일정도경과한 -561-

韓資植誌 Korean J. Plant Res. 27(5) : 556~566(2014) Table 5. The Yield, growth and development difference of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Late flowering type (15 Lines) 12,572 a (7,634 14,165) - Flowering : Early July - Flowering : Early August - Flowering : Early October - Days for fruiting : 30 days - Days for fruiting : 30 days -

significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. Fig. 1. The distribution of plant height of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources on types of flowering time. 후부터본격적으로발아하기시작한다.

7 韓資植誌 Korean J. Plant Res. 27(5) : 556~566(2014) Table 5. The Yield, growth and development difference of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources classified by maturing type Division Average Yield ( kg /10a) Flowering & Fluiting type (12 Lines) 7,895 c z (6,400 11,438) Mid flowering type (2 Lines) 11,207 b (10,124 11,825) Late flowering type (15 Lines) 12,572 a (7,634 14,165) - Flowering : Early July - Flowering : Early August - Flowering : Early October - Days for fruiting : 30 days - Days for fruiting : 30 days - Fruiting : unable Pod NO : 54 ea/plant Pod NO : 32 ea/plant Seed Amount : 48 g/plant Seed Amount : 26 g/plant (1,600 ea/plant) (867 ea/plant) Corn 8,026 z The same letters in each column are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. Fig. 1. The distribution of plant height of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources on types of flowering time. 후부터본격적으로발아하기시작한다. 이때최초로발아가시작되는평균외기온도는약 10~12 이며생육상변화를통해본격적으로생장을시작하는온도는 15~20 정도로시기적으로는 5월 15일전후에해당한다. 파종후본격적인생장이시작되는 6월하순까지는완만한성장세를유지하다가 6월이후본격적으로온도가상승하면서성장도빨라지게된다. 이와같은생장패턴을볼때케나프는높은온도에서생장이촉진되는고온성작물로생육최적온도는평균기온 24 에서 29 정도로평가할수있었으며이러한경향은조생종, 중만생종, 만생종모 두에서공통으로해당되었다. 케나프자원의외형특성은특징적으로줄기색, 잎의모양그리고초장등 3가지정도의요인에의해분류하는것이가능하였는데줄기의색은전체적으로녹색과적색그리고옅은녹색과옅은적색을띄었으며활발하게성장하는식물체상부의줄기색이하부와다르게나타나는자원들이다수있었다. 또한잎의모양은크게장상형과원형으로구분되었는데자원의대부분이장상형이었고 3종정도의엽형이원형이었으며장상형과원형및심장형이혼재되어나타나는경우도 2종있었다. 장상형은결각이몇개까지분리되어나타나는가에따라다시나뉘어졌는데결각은 3개에서부터생육진행단계에따라두개단위로증가하여최대 7개까지분화되었으며자원별로는 3~5 와 3~7 결각이비슷한비율로분포하였다 (Table 4). 식물체의초장도생육형별로뚜렷하게구분되었는데영양생장기가긴만생종이최대 cm까지성장하였고중만생종의경우도평균초장이 cm로만생종평균초장과근접하게성장한반면성장기간이짧은조생종은평균 cm로유의하게적었다 (Fig. 1). 이러한차이는주로영양생장기간차이에의해일어나는데생육시기별초장변화에서보듯이영양생장기에서생식생장기로전환되는시점인개화기도래시점부터성장이급격하게줄어드는현상을확인할수있었다 (Fig. 2)

8 Fig. 2. The growth pattern of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources on types of flowering time. 케나프수집유전자원의생육및수량과사료가치분석케나프수집품종별줄기직경은 1.6~3.9 mm범위였는데조생종 12종의줄기직경은중만생종과만생종 17종의평균직경 3.1 mm에비하여 17% 적은 2.49 mm였고, 작은줄기직경이개체중형성에도영향을미쳐조생종의평균개체중은주당 g으로만생종과중만생종의 g에비하여 35% 적었다. 유의할점은줄기의직경감소가분지수및엽수감소와상당히밀접하게연관되어있다는점이다. 케나프는주요영양소가잎에분포하고있으며이를통해높은사료가치등의특성이유지된것으로평가되고있다 (Cahilly, 1967; Phillips et al., 1989). 또한사료가치이외의산업활용분야에서도최대성장을통해많은수량을확보하기위해서는광합성을할수있는적정한선의잎을확보하는것이필수적이다. 따라서잎분포를최대한도로유지하고많은양이수확되도록하는것이이용측면에서유리한데케나프는줄기직경을 2.5 cm이상으로유지할수있을경우유의할수준으로엽수가증가하고주당일정량이상의엽수량을확보하는것이가능하였다. 이는잎의분열을촉진시킬수있는충분한생장량확보가줄기직경 2.5 cm이상에서부터가능하다는것을의미하며개체의줄기직경을 2.5 cm이상으로유도할수있는자원의선발이중요하다는것을말한다. 개체중도역시생육형및자원별로편차가크게발생하였는데주당 g을보인 K27 에서부터 1,133.2 g/ 주를보인 K12 까지개체중차이가크게나타나고있었으며 29종의평균은 g/ 주였다. 평균개체중이 900 g/ 주이상을보인자원은 K10, K12, K15, K19, K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26 등 11종이었는데중만생종인 K19를제외하고는모두만생종이었다. 그러나개체에서차지하는잎의분포비율은조생종이오히려높게나타났는데전체개체에대한조생종의평균잎분포율은 26.6% 로만생종과중만생종평균 20.7% 에비하여 5.9% 높았다. 이는잎의분화는 개화전까지충분히빠르게진행된반면줄기가굵어지는것은개화에의해지연되어나타난것으로중만생종과만생종의경우에는충분한수량성을갖추고있으면서도주요영양소의대부분을함유하는잎의분포비율이높은자원을확보하거나잎의분포비율을인위적으로높일수있는재배기술개발이필요할것으로보인다. 일정면적수확을통해 10a 당면적으로환산한수량은 6,400 kg에서부터 14,165 kg까지편차가크게나타났는데조생종자원의수량이중만생종및만생종에비해전체적으로떨어지는경향을나타내어조생종은 7,895 kg /10a 인반면만생종은 12,572 kg /10a, 중만생종은 11,207 kg /10a 로유의적인차이를나타내었다. 자원별로는중국수집종인 K12 (Hongma 300) 가 14,165 kg /10a, 인도수집종인 K25 는 13,885 kg /10a, 러시아수집종인 K22 는 13,778 kg /10a, 중국수집품종인 K21 (Khon kaen 60) 은 13,625 kg /10a 으로 10a 당 13,500 kg이상의수량을나타내는자원으로확인되었다 (Table 6). 수집된자원의사료이용을확대하기위하여조단백질등 7종의사료가치를분석하였다. 전체자원의수분함량은 78% 로옥수수에비하여 5~7% 높은것으로확인되었으며, 식물체전초를분쇄하여분석한조단백질함량은평균 9.8% 로옥수수의 8.6% 에비해높은경향을유지하였다. 자원별로는전체적으로잎분포비율이높은조생종의조단백질함량이높은경향이었으나중만생및만생종자원에서도높은조단백질함량을보이는자원이있어우리나라육성품종인 Jangdae 가 12.5% 였고중국수집품종인 K21 (Khon kaen 60) 은 12.7%, 러시아수집종인 K22 가 12.9% 중국수집종인 K12 가 13.4% 의조단백질함량을나타내었다. 특히우리나라원자력연구원육성품종인 Jangdae 는 10a 당 10,975 kg의수량과 12.5% 의조단백질함량그리고 101.9의상대적사료가치 (RFV) 등을보이고있어수량성이떨어지는조생종자원과국내종자결실이불가능한만생종자원의단점을상호보완할수있는자원으로금후에는이러한중만생종자원의수집과선발에좀더힘을기울여야할것으로보인다. 중성세제불용성섬유소 (NDF) 와산성세제불용성섬유소 (ADF) 를통해산출되는건물섭취량 (DMI) 과가소화건물량 (DDM) 비교에서도비슷한경향이나타났는데조생종자원의경우 2.1~2.3의 DMI 를보인반면중만생종과만생종의경우 1.8~2.1 로다소낮았고가소화건물량도조생종평균이 58.7% 로중만생종및만생종평균 57.6% 에비해 1.1% 정도높았다. 그러나만생종중에서도다수성자원인 K12, K21, K22 등은가소화건물량 (DDM) 이각각 59.7% 와 63.2%, 63.4% 로전체자원평균에비해 1.6~5.3% 높았으며중만생종자원인 K11 과 K19 도 59.7% 와 60.2% 로 1.6~2.1% -563-

9 韓資植誌 Korean J. Plant Res. 27(5) : 556~566(2014) Table 6. Stem diameter and yield component of Kenafm (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources (Research date : ) Genetic Resources Stem Dia- meter ( cm ) Leaf No. (ea) Individual weight (g, Fresh) Yield ( kg /10a) Stem Leaf Total K1 2.5 hi z fg fg 8,327 fg K2 2.3 ij ij gh 7,725 gh K3 2.2 j g ijk 6,775 ijk K4 2.5 gh g f 8,912 f K5 2.1 j j jk 6,665 jk K6 2.2 j de hij 7,175 hij K7 2.7 efg hi f 8,832 f K8 2.6 fgh hi f 8,838 f K9 2.2 j g k 6,400 k K d de bc 13,337 bc K efg de de 10,975 de K c d ,133.2 a 14,165 a K c c f 9,008 f K e fg f 8,648 f K ef de d 12,204 d K d ef d 12,380 d K e b de 11,938 de K gh h hi 7,440 hi K e b d 11,438 d K c c ,062.6 bc 13,282 bc K b fg ,090.0 abc 13,625 abc K d a ,102.3 ab 13,778 ab K a fg ,040.4 c 13,005 c K a b ,070.4 bc 13,380 bc K a c ,110.8 ab 13,885 ab K ef fg ,039.7 c 12,996 c K k i jk 7,634 jk K ef fg e 11,468 e K efg g e 11,506 e z The same letters in each column are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. The yield of corn (Kwangpyungok) : 8,026 kg /10a. 높았다. 총가소화양분 (TDN) 함량변화도유사하여다수성자원인만생종 K12, K21, K22 등과국내채종가능종인중만생종자원인 K11 과 K19 등이전체자원평균보다 1.7~5.4% 높았다. 사료가치항목을종합하여비교한상대적사료가치 (RFV) 에서는전체자원이 70.8~120.2 로범위가넓었는데중만생종자원인 K11 과 K19 가각각 101.9, 101.2였고, 다수성만생종자원인 K12 는 K21 은 였고, K22 는 로옥수수의 에비하여비슷하거나높은수준을유지하여우수자원으로평가할수있었다 (Table 7)

10 Table 7. The feed value of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources (Sampling date : ) Genetic Moisture CP y NDF x DMI w ADF v DDM u TDN t resources (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) RFV s K h z 55.4 ghi jklm cdef cd K g 55.4 ghi hijk defgh 98.6 de K fg 56.2 fgh ghijk efghi 96.8 def K def 54.4 hij jklm bcdef cd K de 52.6 jk mn ab b K efg 54.9 hij ijkl cdefg cd K cd 53.3 ij lm bc bc K efg 55.4 ghi klm bcd cd K efg 56.1 fgh ijkl cdefg 98.2 de K c 58.1 ef efgh hijk 91.3 fg K b 54.5 hij ijkl cdefg cd K a 54.2 hij ijkl cdefg cd K efg 55.1 ghi cde klm 93.1 efg K def 59.3 de defg ijkl 88.8 gh K fg 57.9 ef ghi ghi 92.9 efg K h 57.4 efg ghij fghi 94.4 efg K cd 57.3 efg ghi ghi 93.9 efg K ijk 65.0 b ab no 76.1 jk K ij 55.4 ghi klm bcde cd K cd 54.6 hij jklm bcdef cd K b 50.6 kl n a a K ab 49.1 l n a a K jk 67.9 a a o 70.8 k K k 65.2 b bc mn 76.4 jk K i 61.3 cd def jkl 84.7 hi K k 59.5 de defg ijkl 88.5 gh K k 64.0 b bc mn 77.8 j K k 59.0 e fgh hij 90.2 gh K ij 63.1 bc bcd lmn 81.0 ij Corn z The same letters in each column are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. y CP: Crude protein x NDF: Neutral detergent fiber w DMI: Dry matter intake v ADF: Acid detergent fiber u DDM: Digestible dry matter t TDN: Total digestible nutrient s RFV: Relative Feed value The variety of corn: Kwangpyungok. 적요본연구에서는사료자원등산업소재사용분야가넓고 CO 2 흡수율이일반작물의 5배이상되는대표적환경정화식물로서국내활성화가능성이커지고있는케나프의국내도입가능성 을확인하기위하여미국등 10개국유래자원 29종을수집하고생태형 생육특성 수량과사료가치등을비교분석하였다. 수집자원은개화시기에따라 7월상순에개화하는조생종과 8월하순에서 9월상순에개화하는중만생종그리고 10월하순에개화하는만생종으로나누어졌는데조생종은국내채종이가능하나 -565-

11 韓資植誌 Korean J. Plant Res. 27(5) : 556~566(2014) 수량이떨어졌고 ( 평균 7,895 kg /10a), 만생종은수량은높으나 ( 평균 12,572 kg /10a) 국내에서종자결실이되지않았으며, 중만생종은일정수준이상의수량 ( 평균수량 11,207 kg /10a) 이확보되고종자결실이가능하였다. 자원별로는중국수집종인 K12 (Hongma 300) 와인도수집종 K25, 러시아수집종 K22 그리고중국수집품종인 K21 (Khon kaen 60) 이 10a 당 13,500 kg이상의다수성자원이었다. 수집자원별사료가치측정에서는전체적으로조생종이우수하였으나만생종자원중다수성자원인 K12, K21, K22 등은가소화건물량 (DDM) 과총가소화양분 (TDN) 함량도조생종보다도높아사료가치항목을종합하여비교한상대적사료가치 (RFV) 가 K12 는 K21 은 116.2, K22 는 로우수자원으로평가할수있었다. 그리고우리나라육성품종인 Jangdae 는 10a 당 10,975 kg으로수량과 12.5% 의조단백질함량그리고 의상대적사료가치 (RFV) 등을보이고있어수량성이떨어지는조생종자원과국내종자결실이불가능한만생종자원의단점을상호보완할수있는자원으로금후에는이러한중만생종자원의수집과선발에좀더힘을기울여야할것으로보인다. 사사본논문은농촌진흥청지역특화기술개발사업 ( 과제번호 : PJ ) 의지원에의해이루어진연구결과임. References Bhardwaj, H.L., C.L., M. Rangappa and C.L. Webber Ⅲ Potential of Kenaf as a forage. Proc. Int. Kenaf Assoc. Vonf. Irving, TX. 7: Cahilly, G.M Potential value of Kenaf tops as a livestock feedstuff. Proc. first conf. kenaf for pulp. Gainsville, Fl. p. 48. (Abstr.). Curties, P.S. and A. Lauchli Responses of Kenaf to salt stress: Germination and vegetative growth. Crop Sci. 25: Dao, T.H., W. Lonkerd, S. Rao, R. Meyer and L. Pellack Kenaf in a semi-arid environment and forage quality in Oklahoma. Argon. Abstr. p Francois, L.E., T.J. Donovan and E.V. Maas Salt tolerance of Kenaf: In Janick J. and J.E. Simon (eds.), Advances in New Crops, Timber Press, Mississippi (USA). pp Killinger, G.B Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) a multi-use crop. Argon. J. 61: Phillips, W.A., S. Rao and T. Dao Nutritive value of immature whole plant Kenaf and mature Kenaf tops for growing rumminsnts. Proc. Assoc. Advancement of Industrial Crops. Peoria, IL (USA). pp Shin, K.S., W.J. Hwang, S.H. Lee, C.H. Kim and Y.M. Yoon Nutrient value and yield response of forage crop cultivated in reclaimed tidal land soil using anaerobic liquid fertilizer. Korean J. Organic Agri. 20(4): Suriyajantratong, W., R.E. Tucker, R.E. Sigafus and G.E. Mitchell, Jr Kenaf and rice straw for sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 37: Swingle, R.S., A.R. Urias, J.C. Doyle and R.L. Voigt Chemical composition of Kenaf forage and its digestibility by lambs and in vitro. J. Anim. Sci. 46: Webber C.L. Ⅲ and V.K. Bledsoe Kenaf : Production, harvesting, processing and products. New crops. Wiley, New York (USA). pp Wilson F.D., T.E. Summers, J.F. Joyner, D.W. Fishler and C.C. Seale Everglade 41 and Everglade 71 two new varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for the fiber and seed. Florida Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. p Wing, J.M Ensilability, acceptability and digestibility of Kenaf. Feedstuffs 39:26. (Received 21 May 2014 ; Revised 13 August 2014 ; Accepted 7 October 2014) -566-

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09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,