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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 18, No. 6 pp , ISSN / eissn 김승우 *, 최재인, 진희철국방기술품질원 A Study on the Design of Digital Frequency Discriminator with 3-Channel Delay Lines Seung-Woo Kim *, Jae-In Choi, Hui-cheol Chin Defense Agency for Technology and Quality 요약본논문에서는전자전장비에사용할수있는주파수분석의정확도가높으면서소형화된디지털주파수판별기설계방안을제안하였다. 전자전장비는레이더신호로부터주파수, 펄스폭, 펄스도착시간, 신호세기, 도달방위각, 펄스내신호변조등의정보를분석할수있어야한다. 전자전장비는레이더의매우좁은펄스 (100ns 이하 ) 신호를분석할수있어야한다. 따라서전자전장비는특별한형태의수신기구조가필요하며, 주파수측정을위하여순시주파수측정방식구조의설계가일반적으로사용된다. 이중대표적으로사용되는방식이디지털주파수판별기다. 기존디지털주파수판별기는회로소자가개별부품으로구성되어부피와중량이크며, 고가인단점이있다. 이러한단점을보완하기위해, 기존의디지털주파수판별기는 4개의지연선 (1λ, 4λ, 16λ, 64λ) 을사용하는반면, 제안한디지털주파수판별기는 3개의지연선 (1λ, 4λ, 16λ) 을사용하였으며, 국내에서도비약적인발전을하고있는마이크로집적회로기법으로설계하였다. 주파수정확도를향상하기위한방법으로신호세기검출과온도보정을실시하였다. 제안한디지털주파수판별기는실험결과 1.5MHz 이하의높은주파수정확도를가지는것을확인하였다. 이것은국외도입되는디지털주파수판별기보다우수한성능을가진다고볼수있다. Abstract In this paper, we propose a DFD (Digital Frequency Discriminator) design that has better frequency discrimination and a smaller size. Electronic warfare equipment can analyze different types of radar signal such as those based on Frequency, Pulse Width, Time Of Arrival, Pulse Amplitude, Angle Of Arrival and Modulation On Pulse. In order for electronic warfare equipment to analyze radar signals with a narrow pulse width (less than 100ns), they need to have a special receiver structure called IFM (Instantaneous Frequency Measurement). The DFD (Digital Frequency Discriminator) is usually used for the IFM. Because the existing DFDs are composed of separate circuit devices, they are bulky, heavy, and expensive. To remedy these shortcomings, we use a three delay line (1λ, 4λ, 16λ) in the DFD, instead of the four delay line (1λ, 4λ, 16λ, 64λ) generally used in the existing DFDs, and apply the microwave integrated circuit method. To enhance the frequency discrimination, we detect the pulse amplitude and perform temperature correction. The proposed DFD has a frequency discrimination error of less than 1.5MHz, affording it better performance than imported DFDs. Keywords : Electronic INTelligence, Frequency Discriminator, Integrated Circuit, Modulation, Power Amplitude 1. 서론 정보전으로표현되는현대전자전에서신호정보 (SIGINT : SIGnal INTelligence) 의분석은매우중요한 부분이다. 신호정보는전자정보 (ELINT:Electronic INTelligence) 와통신정보 (COMINT : COMmunication INTelligence) 로분리되며, 전자정보는레이더신호를측정하고분석하여무기체계의특성을파악하는데이용된다. 전자전 * Corresponding Author : Seung-Woo Kim (Defense Agency for Technology and Quality) Tel: swkim@dtaq.re.kr Received February 9, 2017 Revised (1st February 27, 2017, 2nd March 16, 2017) Accepted June 9, 2017 Published June 30,

2 장비는레이더신호의정보를분석할수있어야하며, 특히주파수, 펄스폭, 펄스도착시간, 신호세기, 도달방위각, 펄스내신호변조등을분석하여야한다. 다중펄스의획득이요구되는전자전장비는매우좁은 (100ns 이하 ) 펄스폭을가진레이더신호를측정하여야한다. 따라서주파수정보와펄스내신호변조정보를획득하기위하여전자전장비는특별한형태의수신기구조가필요하며, 주파수측정을위하여순시주파수측정방식 (IFM : Instantaneous Frequency Measurement) 구조의설계가일반적으로사용된다. 이중대표적으로사용되는방식이디지털주파수판별기 (DFD: Digital Frequency Discriminator) 이다 [1]. 전자전장비의핵심부품인디지털주파수판별기는선진국의엄격한기술통제품목으로기술적접근이어렵다. 또한기존미국의디지털주파수판별기제품의경우소자가개별부품으로구성되어부피와중량이크며, 주파수정확도및펄스압축기법의검출성능이우수하지못하였다 [2]. 본논문에서는소형화되고작은크기로높은정확도를가지는 3채널지연선을가진디지털주파수판별기를설계하고구현하였다. 설계된디지털주파수판별기는신호세기를구분하여노이즈신호로인한신호탐지에러를예방할수있으며, 온도보정과주파수보정기능을추가하여높은정확도를가질수있도록설계하였다. 또한 PMOP(Phase Modulation On Pulse) 과 FMOP (Frequency Modulation On Pulse) 수신신호를검출할수있는기능을삽입하여효용성을높였으며, 국외도입되는디지털주파수판별기보다우수한성능을가질수있도록하였다. 2. 기술동향및이론적분석본장에서는주파수측정기의기술동향과이론적배경을기술하였다. 2.1 주파수판별기의기술동향주로사용되는주파수측정기방식은슈퍼헷방식위그튜너 (YIG tuner) 구조의주파수계수기 (frequency counter) 와슈퍼헷방식으로입력신호를하향변환하여 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) 를수행하는 FFT 수신기가 있다. 또한순시주파수측정을위한디지털주파수판별기방식이있다 [3]. 주파수측정기구현방법에따른주요특성을 Table. 1에비교하였다. 주파수계수기형의경우측정되는주파수정확도는상당히뛰어나지만상대적으로주파수측정시간이오래소요되어일반적으로계측기부분에많이사용된다. FFT 수신기는주파수계수기에비해측정정확도는다소떨어지지만주파수측정시간이빨라군사용장비에일부적용되는방식이다. 최근다양한무기체계가개발되고있으며, 이러한무기체계에신속한대응을위해직접변환방식의주파수측정기의필요성이증가하고있다 [4]. Table 1. Frequency measurement equipment[3] Division Method Measurement velocity Measurement Pulse width Accuracy Application dozens[ms] CW with in 100 [Hz] Measuring Instrument FFT receiver Frequency Counter downconversion downconversion DFD IFM several hundred[us]~seve with in 500[ns] ral[ms] several[ms] ~ CW with in 50 [khz] Communication ES equipment 100 [ns]~cw 3[MHz] Electronic Warfare equipment Size Large Midium Small 직접변환방식은수신된고주파를별도의주파수변환없이직접기저대역 (baseband) I/Q 신호로변환하여측정하는방식으로앞서 2가지방식에비해측정속도가상당히개선된방식으로다채널지연라인을경유하는고주파신호가주파수에따라위상이바뀌는원리를이용하여고속주파수를측정하는방법이다. 2.2 국 내외기술적동향 디지털주파수판별기의경우영국의 FILTRONIC, 미국의 ANAREN, AKON, 남아공의 AVITRONIX 등다수의회사가있으며, 발전된초고주파집적회로기술을적용하여위상코릴레이터의초소형화및 ASIC을적용한 digitizer를개발하여제품에적용하고있다 [5]. 이것은미국과유럽의방대한방위산업시장규모로인하여많은수요와다양한형태의제품이요구되고, 투자가일 45

3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 18 권제 6 호, 2017 찍부터이루어져가능하였다고판단된다. 반면국내에서주파수측정장치에대한연구및개발실적은미비한실정이며, 1990년초반아날로그순시주파수측정수신방식을적용한주파수측정기개발이시작되었다. 당시국내의취약한초고주파부품기술기반영향으로사용되는부품을전량수입하였으며, 고주파회로의집적화기술이적용되지않아개별소자를사용함에따라가격, 부피, 무게가현시점의외국사제품과비교할때큰차이가있었다. 이후 2000년초반부터디지털방식의주파수측정기개발이활성화되기시작하였다. 주파수측정기를구성하고있는주요부품을대부분수입에의존하고있는실정으로이로인해완성품크기가상대적으로클수밖에없고부품의해외의존도가높아완전한기술자립이이루어지지않고있다 [6]. 2.3 이론적배경전파의위상차를측정하여전파의주파수를측정하는디지털주파수판별기는지연소자를통과한신호의위상이주파수에따라변화하는원리를이용한다. 입력되는 RF신호는전력분배기를이용하여분리하고동일한길이의케이블을적용하여위상차이를측정하면주파수변화에관계없이위상차는항상 0 을출력하게된다. 반면에분리된신호중하나의라인에지연선을삽입하고두신호의위상차를측정하면식 (1) 과같은위상차이를나타내게된다. 은 에서측정된데이터를이용하여 에서의가장근접한주파수를선택하는방법을통해해결할수있다. Fig. 1. Ambiguity problem depend on increase of delay line length 주파수산출은다채널지연소자에서측정한위상으로부터연산한다. 다채널위상지연소자는 3~8채널로구성되며위상지연이가장큰채널을이용하여주파수정확도를추출하고길이가순차적으로줄어드는각채널의위상을이용하여모호성을해결한다. 주파수측정기의핵심회로는 Fig. 2와같이지연소자, 코릴레이터, 연산회로등으로구성된다. Fig. 2. Digital frequency discriminator block diagram (1) 이원리를이용하면지연선을통한위상차이를측정하여입력되는신호의주파수를측정할수있다. 지연선의길이가측정하고자하는주파수대역에서 이내에존재한다면측정된위상차이를이용하여주파수를측정할수있다. 하지만측정하고자하는장치의대역폭이넓을경우측정되는주파수의정확도와해상도가낮아지연선의길이를증가시킬필요가있다. 지연선의길이를증가시켜 Fig. 1에서와같이 4개의파장이존재한다면해상도는증가하나동일한위상값이다수존재하여모호성문제가발생된다. 지연선에서발생하는모호성 Fig. 3. Setting delay line of digital frequency discriminator 지연선을통한모호성해결및정확도산출개념은 Fig. 3과같이나타낼수있다 [7-8]. 디지털주파수판별기의지연선을선정할때모호성구간의대역폭을고려해서실제사용대역폭보다조금크게선정해야함을알수있다. 46

4 3. 디지털주파수판별기의설계및구현본장에서는주파수측정기의중점설계부분과구현방안에대하여기술한다. 3.1 설계개요광대역디지털주파수판별기의설계는 2장의이론적배경에서와같이 90 와 180 하이브리드를복합적으로이용한하이브리드방식과 90 하이브리드와 mixer를이용한 mixer 방식이있다. 본논문에서는하이브리드방식적용시실용화하는데어려움이있어, I/Q mixer 방식의구조로설계하였으며구성방식은 Fig. 4와같다 [9-10] RF 모듈 RF 모듈은 3-way divider, 2-way divider, amplifier, 90 coupler, mixer, LPF 및지연선으로구성된다. 광대역코릴레이터는디지털주파수판별기의핵심구성품이다. 코릴레이터는지연선에의해발생되는주파수별위상변화량을검출하기위해입력된초고주파신호를 I와 Q의아날로그비디오신호로변환하는기능을수행한다. RF 모듈은,, 의 3채널에대해 I/Q mixer 방식으로구현하였다. amplifier와 mixer를제외한부품들은스트립라인으로설계하여부피와무게를줄였다. 3-way divider와 2-way divider는마이크로스트립형태로설계하였다. 또한분배과정에서의손실을상쇄하고충분한이득을얻도록 3-way divider의전 후단에 4개의증폭기를사용하였으며최대입력레벨을고려하여증폭기를설계하였다. Correlator는고주파신호를합성하여동위상신호 (in-phase) 와그신호가 90 천이된신호 (quad-phase) 를출력한다. 출력된 I 및 Q 비디오신호는고조파신호를제거하기위해 LPF와연결된다. RF 모듈의 block diagram은 Fig. 5와같다. Fig. 4. DFD block diagram 3.2 핵심구성품설계디지털주파수판별기는 RF 모듈과디지털모듈로구성되며 RF 모듈은 RF 입력부와코릴레이터부로구성되고, 디지털모듈은위상연산부와주파수연산부로구성된다. RF 입력부는 RF amp, divider 및지연선으로구성되며, 광대역 RF 입력신호를증폭한후두개의 divider를통해채널별로신호를분리하여지연경로및직접경로로전송해주는역할을한다. 코릴레이터부는 I,Q 코릴레이터및 LPF로구성되며입력신호의위상차를 I, Q 비디오신호로변환하는역할을한다. 위상연산부는 ADC, FPGA, 위상연산메모리 (flash type) 로구성되며입력 I,Q 비디오신호를디지털신호로변환하여위상연산을수행한다. 주파수연산부는구간판별메모리, I/O 출력제어모듈로구성되며각채널의위상연산결과를이용하여주파수를출력한다. 주요핵심구성품에대한설계방안은다음과같다. Fig. 5. RF module block diagram 코릴레이터블록은 RF 성분과 local 성분의고주파신호를입력받아두신호를합성하여동위상신호인 I 비디오및 90 천이된 Q 비디오신호를출력한다. 코릴레이터는 mixer 2개와인쇄회로기판에 strip line으로설계된 2-way divider, 90 coupler로구성된다. 2-way divider는외부에서입력되는 RF 신호를분배하여 2개의 balanced mixer의 RF 입력포트로전송하며, 3dB 90 coupler는외부에서입력되는 local 신호를동위상신호와 90 천이된신호로분리하여 2개의 balanced mixer의 local 입력포트로전송한다. 그리고 2개의 47

5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 18 권제 6 호, 2017 balanced mixer에서는 RF 및 local 신호, 90 천이된 local 신호를합성하여 I, Q 비디오신호를출력한다. 2-way divider와 90 coupler는마이크로스트립형태로설계하였다. RF 모듈에서가장많은공정이필요한핵심부분인 3 채널지연선의길이는설계주파수파장을기준으로,, 로하였다. 1:4 비율을기준으로모호성이발생하지않는채널별위상허용오차는최대 ±45 ( = ±180/4) 이며, 지연선을이용하여최소 5120 MHz 대역폭을표현해야하므로위상 1 당주파수오차는다음과같이계산할수있다. - 위상 1 당주파수오차 : 5120MHz 360 = MHz 디지털주파수판별기 (2.0GHz ~ 6.0GHz) 을,, 로설계할경우주파수판별알고리즘과 bandwidth 설정을표현하면 Fig. 6과같다. Fig. 6. Phase variation with changing delay line length 실제주파수정확도를결정하는것은가장긴지연선이다. 나머지지연선은구간을판단하기위한용도로사용되며최대허용오차를판단하는기준으로사용된다. 디지털주파수판별기의지연선길이결정은식 (2) 와같이정의할수있다. ± ± ± (3) 식 (3) 은지연선길이에따라구간판단을위한위상허용오차를나타낸식이다. 만약,, 의 3단계로구성할경우 1:4:16의지연선길이에대하여각각 1:4 에서 4배, 4:16에서 4배의차이가나게된다. 이를통해최대지연선의구간판별에러방지를위한위상오차최대허용범위는 360/4=90도즉 ±45도이며, 만약 1:5:30 으로설계할경우 와 사이에서는 ±36, 와 사이에서는 ±30도이내의위상오차가발생하면정상적인사용이가능하다. 이론상으로는설계주파수를 로하는지연선의길이로결정하면된다. 그러나이론적으로 의위상을계측기로정확히측정하여지연선을제작하더라도실제지연선을거친 A/D 데이터를분석해보면생각보다지연선길이가긴것처럼데이터가분석된다. 이는지연선길이에더하여 RF 입력부및코릴레이터부의소자특성이같이적용되기때문으로판단된다. 따라서실제 A/D 데이터를수집하여 의길이를결정하는과정이필요하다. 의길이는설계주파수보다약간짧게설계를해야한다. 즉 가아닌 정도가측정되도록설정해야한다. 너무긴경우모호한구간이발생하기때문에오히려사용이불가능하며, 너무짧을경우해상도가낮아지게된다. 마찬가지이유로, 도약간씩짧게지연선길이가결정되어야한다. 설계한지연선의형상은 Fig. 7과같고특성은아래와같다. 제작길이 :,, ( 설계주파수기준 ) 위상오차 : 10 deg. max.( 지연선기준 ) 온도별위상오차 : 40 deg. max.( 기준 ) 케이블외경 : 입력 VSWR : 1.5:1 max. (2) 즉최대주파수가최저주파수의정수배가될때설계가용이하며, 이에따라각지연선길이에다른구간판단을위한오차허용범위는식 (3) 과같이정의할수있다. Fig. 7. Shape of delay line(example) 48

6 3.2.2 디지털모듈디지털주파수판별기내디지털모듈은 ADC부와 FPGA부, flash 메모리부로구성된다. 여기서 ADC부는 RF 모듈의코릴레이터 I,Q비디오출력을디지털로변환하는역할을하며, TI 사의 8bit ADC를이용하여구현하였다. FPGA부는 ADC 인터페이스및주파수연산을위한 flash 메모리인터페이스로직으로구현하였으며, Altera사의 Cyclone II Device를이용하여설계하였다. Flash 메모리부는각채널에대한위상및주파수연산을수행하며, Spansion사의 8 Mbyte flash 메모리를이용하여구현하였다 온도특성보정디지털주파수판별기에소요되는코릴레이터내부부품의온도변화에따른위상특성변화와지연선 (MICRO COAX사의 UT85-AL-TP-LL) 이온도변화에따른위상특성변화에의해저온및고온에서주파수측정오차가증가한다. 따라서온도가변화되어도주파수측정정확도가항상일정한성능을갖기위해별도의보정이필요하다. 디지털주파수판별기지연선의온도및주파수의특성은 Fig. 9 그래프에나타내며, -20도이하와 80도이상에서오차가많이발생한다. 3.3 주파수정확도향상기법설계본논문에서설계한디지털주파수판별기는사용되는대역이넓은관계로내부에사용되는부품의 LOT별특성및온도변화에따른특성변화가일정부분발생하게된다. 이러한부품의이득이나위상편차를정교하게보정해줄필요성이있다. 본장에서는다양한주파수정확도향상의방법들을제안하였다 주파수특성보정 주파수특성보정은광대역주파수특성을보정하는방안이므로주파수에따른특성을파악하기위하여각채널에서 1,280[MHz]~ 6,400[MHz] 까지 1[MHz] 단위로 I/Q 데이터를측정한다. 측정된 I/Q 데이터에 offset 값보정을위해해당주파수의 ideal phase와비교및보정데이터를생성한다. 측정데이터의 offset 보정및 polynomial fitting 그래프는 Fig. 8 과같다. Phase Error [Deg] Phase error after only offset calibration Phase error after polynomial fitting Polynomial fitting contour Fig. 9. The characteristics of delay line 저온 (-40도, -20도, 0도 ), 상온 (25도), 고온 (40도, 80 도 ) 에대해주파수별로주파수오차를측정하였으며, 저온에서측정오차가많이발생함을알수있다. 온도에따른주파수측정오차값은주파수연산판의온도보정메모리블록에각온도별로보정데이터를장입하여온도센서입력값에따른상수보정을하도록구현하였다. 온도보정후저온과고온에서주파수정확도를측정한결과아래 Fig. 10과같이주파수정확도가개선되었음을알수있다. 전체 RMS 오차는보정전 3.50MHz에서보정후 1.25MHz로개선됨을확인하였다 Frequency [GHz] Fig. 8. Offset compensation for measured data Fig. 10. Improving frequency measurement accuracy by temp. compensation 49

7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 18 권제 6 호, 신호세기검출로정확도향상디지털주파수판별기를사용하는시스템입장에서주변전파환경또는디지털주파수판별기를제외한시스템내부부품의고장으로인한측정된주파수정보가타당한지여부를사전에알수있다면시스템운영측면에서오분석에의한적오탐지확률을줄일수있다. 일반적인전자전및레이더시스템에서는이러한디지털주파수판별기의안정적인동작을위하여디지털주파수판별기로입력되는 RF신호를충분히크게만들어주는데이러한역할을전력제한증폭기가수행하게된다. 전력제한증폭기의특성저하나주변에강한 noise 신호원이존재할경우에는디지털주파수판별기의정확도가나빠지게된다. 디지털주파수판별기로입력되는입력 power 레벨에따른디지털주파수판별기의주파수측정정확도를 Fig. 11에서보여준다. 입력 power가낮으면주파수측정정확도가저하됨을확인할수있다. 디지털주파수판별기에서는주파수정보를측정하기위해 I/Q신호를이용하여측정하게되는데입력되는신호세기별로 I/Q VIDEO 값의범위가달라지는점을이용하여신호세기를검출할수있다. 연결하여측정한결과 data 를분석할수있다. 전용시험치구는디지털주파수판별기치구, 위상모의기, A/D 처리판으로구성하였다. 여기서디지털주파수판별기치구는제어 PC를통해디지털주파수판별기제어를위한 interface 기능 (RS-232 신호입력을로컬버스신호로변환 ) 을한다. 제작된디지털주파수판별기의주파수정확도를측정한결과는 Fig. 13이며주파수오차는 1.16MHz RMS 를가지는것으로측정되었다. Fig. 12. Configure the frequency measurement performance test Fig. 13. Measurement of frequency accuracy Fig. 11. Frequency accuracy with input power 4. 실험및고찰디지털주파수판별기의세부성능인동작주파수범위, 주파수정확도, 입력최소펄스폭, 입력신호세기및소모전력을측정하기위한시험구성은 Fig. 12와같다. RF 신호발생기로부터신호원을생성하여디지털주파수판별기로주입시키고디지털주파수판별기동작제어를위해전용시험치구를제작했다. 전용시험치구에제어 PC를 설계된디지털주파수판별기와기존 ( 미국 A사 ) 디지털주파수판별기주요성능지표를비교한결과는 Table 2와같으며, 주파수정확도측면에서성능이개선되었음을알수있다. 주파수범위및대역폭은동일한상태로설계하였으며, 정확도는 3MHz에서 1.5MHz로개선되었음을알수있다. 50

8 Table 2. DFD performance comparison Division existing DFD Designed DFD Fre. Range 2-6[GHz] 2-6[GHz] Band Width 5120[MHz] 5120[MHz] accuracy CW With in 3MHz With in 1.5MHz (RMS) Pulse(min) With in 3MHz With in 1.5MHz Resolution 12 bit binary 12 bit binary VSWR With in 2:1 With in 2:1 Size[mm] 228*178*32 200*150*25 5. 결론 기존디지털주파수판별기는회로소자가개별부품으로구성되어부피와중량이크며, 고가인단점이있다. 본논문에서제안한디지털주파수판별기는설계를위해,, 의지연선을사용하였고, 국내에서도비약적인발전을하고있는 MIC(Microwave Integrated Circuit) 기법을적용하였으며, 주파수연산회로에고집적회로소자를적용하여소형화및경량화로설계하였다. 주파수정확도향상기법으로신호세기검출방법과온도보정을실시하였다. 첫째신호세기검출은전력제한증폭기의특성저하나주변에강한노이즈신호원이있을때디지털주파수판별기의주파수정확도가낮아지므로, 입력되는신호세기별로 I, Q VIDEO값의범위의유효영역을설정해서신호의세기에따른주파수측정값의신뢰성을높일수있도록하였다. 둘째온도의변화에따라지연선의위상특성이변화되고이것이주파수정확도에영향을주므로 40 ~ 80 에서지연선의위상변화특성을보상할수있는회로를구현하여주파수정확도를향상시켰다. 설계된디지털주파수판별기의주파수정확도는기존 3MHz RMS에서 1.5MHz RMS로향상되었으며, 정재파비는 1.89:1에서 1.35:1로향상되었다. 향후순시주파수측정이필요한장비의개발시본논문을참고할수있을것으로기대한다. References [1] L. O. Eber, H. H. Soule, "Digital Generation of Wideband IFM Waveforms", IEEE Int. Radar Conf., pp , DOI: [2] Wide Band System, Inc. Digital frequency discriminator, Tehchnical Product Bulletin, No. 104, [3] C. H. Guk, A study on implementation of Digital Frequency Discriminator using 4 channel delay line, Ajou University, [4] J. B. Y. Tsui, Instantaneous frequency measurement receiver with digital processing, U. S. Patent , Dec. 30, [5] Anaren, Inc. EW Products: Anaren IFM List, Available Form : (accessed Feb., 27, 2017) [6] C. Y. Kim, et el, The Quality Report on Initial Mass Product Phase for KUH-1 Surion, Defense Agency of Technology and Quality, pp , Apr [7] AK Singh, Subba Rao, "Detection, Identification & Classification of Intra Pulse Modulated LPI Radar Signal using Digital Receiver", IJETAE, [8] J. B. Y. Tsui, "Microwave Receivers With Electronic Warfare Applications", Florida, Krieger Publishing Co., pp , [9] Richard Wiegand, Radar Electronic Counter -measures System Design, Artech House, [10] James Tsui, Microwave Receivers with Electronic Warfare Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 김승우 (Seung-Wooo Kim) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 안테나, 전자전장비, 신뢰성공학 2003 년 2 월 : 부산대학교전자공학과 ( 전자공학석사 ) 2013 년 8 월 : 부산대학교전자공학과 ( 전자공학박사 ) 2003 년 4 월 ~ 현재 : 국방기술품질원선임연구원 최재인 (Jae-In Choi) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 정보통신, 전자전장비 2008 년 2 월 : 경북대학교전자공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2015 년 2 월 : 경북대학교전자공학과 ( 공학박사 ) 2015 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 국방기술품질원선임연구원 51

9 한국산학기술학회논문지제 18 권제 6 호, 2017 진희철 (Hui-cheol Chin) [ 정회원 ] 2008 년 2 월 : 부산대학교전자전기통신공학전공 ( 학사 ) 2014 년 2 월 : 포항공과대학교전자전기공학부 ( 전자장및초고주파박사 ) 2014 년 8 월 ~ 현재 : 국방기술품질원선임연구원 < 관심분야 > 전자파수치해석, RCS, EMP, 안테나, 전자전장비 52

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