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1 대한내과학회지 : 제 권제 호 성빈센트병원에입원한암환자에서피로유병율 가톨릭대학교성빈센트병원내과학교실 송도선 여창동 박진민 손덕승 황현석 박신애 임윤선 심병용 김훈교 =Abstract= The prevalence of fatigue in cancer patients at St. Vincent s hospital Do Seon Song, M.D. Chang Dong Yeo, M.D., Jin Min Park, M.D., Der Sheng Sun, M.D., Hyun Suk Hwang, M.D., Shin Ae Park, M.D., Yun Sun Im, M.D., Byoung Yong Shim, M.D. and Hoon-Kyo Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medcine, Suwon, Korea Background : Fatigue is one of the most common problems in terminally ill cancer patients in North America and Europe. However, fatigue has been almost neglected by health care professionals and even by patients and their families in Korea. We studied the prevalence and characteristics of fatigue in cancer patients who were admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital. Methods : Ninety-three competent patients who were admitted to the cancer or hospice ward were asked to answer whether they had fatigue or other cancer related problems on three occasions on April, and 8,. Additional demographic data were also analyzed. Results : Thirty (.%) of the 9 patients responded that they had fatigue. The response was from / male and / female patients. The median age was years (range -8 years). The ECOG performance status was, and in, and 8 patients respectively. Lung cancer ( patients) was the most common malignancy followed by gastric cancer, colon cancer and other cancers. Fourteen patients received chemotherapy, patients received supportive care and patients received chemoradiotherapy. Other cancer related symptoms were pain ( patients), anorexia ( patients), sleep disturbance ( patients), and anxiety and depression.. The severity of fatigue was grade,, in, and patients respectively. Twenty-eight patients had anemia based on the WHO scale, and there was no relationship between the grade of fatigue and hemoglobin level. Conclusions : Fatigue was a frequent symptom in cancer patients (%) and more frequent in female patients (%). More attention needs to be paid to the significance of fatigue in cancer patients.(korean J Med :-8, ) Key Words : Fatigue, Cancer 서 말기암환자들은통증, 식욕부진, 피로, 호흡곤란순으로다양한증상을호소한다 ). 그중통증이가장흔한증상이며발생기전과치료방법도비교적잘알려져있고의료진의관심도높은편이다. 론 피로는일상활동능력을제한하며삶의질을저하시키지만, 암환자들도피로를잘호소하려하지않고, 의료진들도휴식을권할뿐비교적무관심한실정이다. 암환자의피로에대해서 98년대부터관심이증가되고연구가이루어지고있으나아직기전이나치료에대해서는명확히밝혀지지않았다 ). 외국의연구에의하면 Received :.. Accepted :.. Correspondence to : Hoon-Kyo Kim, M.D., Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 9-, Ji-dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon -, Korea kimhoonkyo@yahoo.co.kr - -
2 -Do Seon Song, et al : The prevalence of fatigue in cancer patients - Table. Grade of fatigue (National Cancer Institute) ) Grade Definition fatigue over baseline or causing difficulty performing some ADL fatigue interfering with ADL Disabling Table. Demographic characteristics Whole patients Patients with fatigue Characteristics No. (%) No. (%) Age Gender Underlying Disease Performance status Range Median Male Female Total SCLCa NSCLCa Stomach ca. Colon ca. GB ca. Pancreas ca Small Bowel ca. Carcinoid Head & Neck ca. Renal Cell ca Breast ca. Melanoma Thymoma ECOG ECOG ECOG -8 (.%) (.%) 9 (.%) (.%) (.8%) 8 (8.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (8.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) 8 (.%) 암환자의 ~% 가피로를느낀다고하지만 -). 국내에서의피로에관한대부분의연구가유병율보다는피로의정도만을평가한것이고유병율에대한연구는없다. 저자들은암환자가피로를느끼는빈도, 피로도, 원인, 병발증상들에대하여성빈센트병원의암병동및호스피스병동에입원한환자를대상으로알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 년 월 일, 일, 8일, 일에걸쳐성빈센트병원의암병동과호스피스병동에입원하고있는의식이있는환자 9명을대상으로성별, 나이, 기저질환, 피로 를느끼는지여부에대해조사하였다. 두명의의사가회진시간에면담을통하여피로를느끼냐고물었을때피로를느낀다고답한환자 명에서그들이받고있는암치료의종류, 피로도, 활동도, 헤모글로빈을조사하였으며통증, 우울증세, 불안감, 불면, 식욕부진등의말기암증상동반여부에대해물어보았다. 피로도는미국립암연구소의항암치료부작용기준에따라분류하였다 ( 표 ) ). 빈혈은조사일과가장가까운혈중헤모글로빈농도로평가하였으며 WHO 기준에의거하여남자 : < g/dl, 여자 : < g/dl를기준으로분류하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS (Statistical Package for the - -
3 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 권제 호통권제 호 - Table. Performance status and fatigue Performance status/grade of fatigue Total 9 (.%) (.%) 8 (.%) Table. Treatment and fatigue Treatment/Grade of fatigue Total Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Chemoradiotherapy Palliative Care 9 (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) Table. Accompanying symptoms and fatigue Accompanying symptoms / Grade of fatigue Pain Anorexia Sleep disturbance Anxiety Depression Dehydration Stress Infection Total (.%) (.%) 8 (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) (.%) Social Science).을이용하여처리하였으며피로도와빈혈과의관계를 one-way ANOVA test로분석하였다. p value 가. 미만인경우를유의성이있는것으로판정하였다. 결과. 전체환자의임상적특징전체 9명중남자가 명 (.%), 여자는 명 (.%) 였으며중앙연령은 세 ( 범위 ~8세 ) 였다. 기저질환은폐암이 (.%) 명으로가장많았으며, 위암이 명 (.8%), 대장암이 8명 (8.%) 등이었다 ( 표 ).. 피로를느낀다고답한환자의임상적특징피로를느낀다고답한환자는 명 (.%) 이었으며 그중남자는대상남자암환자 명중 명 (8.%) 이었고, 여자는 명중 명 (.%) 으로여자암환자에서피로의빈도가높았다. 중앙연령은 세 (~8세) 였다. 피로를느낀다고답한 명모두묻기전에피로를호소하지는않았다. 피로도는경증, 중등도, 중증이각각 명 (.%), 명 (.%) 과 명 (.%) 이었다. 이들의기저질환은폐암환자가 명 (.%) 으로가장많았으며, 대장암 명 (.%), 위암 명 (.%), 담낭암과췌장암이각각 명씩 (.%) 이었다 ( 표 ). 이들의치료내용은항암요법치료를받는환자가 명 (.%), 방사선치료를받는환자가 명 (.%), 항암요법과방사선치료를동시에받는환자가 명 (.%), 완화요법을받는환자가 명 (.%) 으로항암요법을받는환자에서피로를가장많이호소하였다 ( 표 ). - -
4 - 송도선외 8 인 : 암환자에서피로유병율 - Table. Fatigue and pain Fatigue Pain (VAS -) (VAS -) (VAS -) Table. Anemia and fatigue Gender Grade of fatigue No. of patients Mean hemoglobin (g/dl) p-value Male Female Total 활동도와피로도 고찰 피로를느끼는환자들의활동도는 ECOG,, 에해당되는환자가각각,, 8명이었으며 ECOG 인환자는없었다 ( 표 ).. 동반증상동반증상으로는통증이 명 (.%) 으로가장많았고, 식욕부진 (.%), 수면장애 (.%), 불안 (.%), 우울증상 (%), 탈수 (.%), 스트레스 (.%) 등의순으로많이호소하였고 ( 표 ), 통증을 Visual Analogue scale (VAS) 로평가하였을때통증이심할수록피로도가높았다 ( 표 ).. 빈혈피로를느끼는 명중 8명에서빈혈이있었다. 남자의평균헤모글로빈농도는. g/dl 였고, 여자는. g/dl였으며, 피로도와헤모글로빈농도를비교하여보았을때경증의피로를느끼는환자의헤모글로빈농도는. g/dl, 중등도의피로를느끼는환자는. g/dl, 중증환자는. g/dl여서피로도와헤모글로빈농도는관계가없었고, 남자와여자로구분하여도같은결과였다 (p value>.) ( 표 ). 미국 NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) 에서는피로에대해 암혹은암치료와관련되어, 일상생활을방해하는지속적이고주관적으로나타나는피곤한느낌 이라정의하고있다 8). 국제질병분류 (판) 에서진단명으로받아들여진암과관련된피로를 9) 측정하는여러가지도구가개발되어있다. 대표적인척도로는 Brief Fatigue Inventory ), Piper Fatigue Self-Report Scale ), Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale ), Fatigue Symptom Manage ) 등이있다. 통증의중증도를평가하는 VAS와같이각문항마다 ~ 점의수치 (-피로를느끼지않는경우, -가장심한피로 ) 로점수를주는여러가지문항들로구성되어있고, 평균점수가 -일때를경증, -일때를중등도, - 일때중증으로평가한다. 그러나미국립암연구소의항암부작용기준 ) 에의하면평소보다조금피곤함을느낄때를 단계 (Grade ), 몇가지일상생활에불편을느낄정도를 단계 (Grade ), 일상생활전반에불편을느낄때를 단계 (Grade ), 생활을할수없는경우를 단계 (Grade ) 으로나누어피로도를평가하고있다. 국내에서피로에대한조사는대부분 Piper의피로 - -
5 -The Korean Journal of Medicine : Vol., No., - 척도를이용하고있다. 권 ) 이항암요법을받는환자 8명을대상으로 Piper 도구를이용하여피로도를조사하였는데평균.으로중등도의피로를느낀다고했으며, 정등 ) 이항암요법을받는 명의환자를대상으로조사한피로도는평균. 였고, 양 ) 이방사선치료를받는 명의환자를대상으로추적검사하며조사한피로도는방사선요법 주째부터평균 점이상이었고, 방사선을받는기간이늘수록피로도가증가하는양상을보였다. 이러한조사들은모두단일치료를받는환자를대상으로하였고, 피로도만을측정하여서유병률은알수없었다. 저자들은암병동과호스피스병동에입원한암환자를대상으로환자와직접면담을하여피로여부를조사하였고, 미국립암연구소의항암제부작용기준을이용하여피로도를단순화시켰다. 저자들이대상으로한암환자의.% 에서피로를느낀다고답하였는데남자 명중 8.% 에서, 여자 명중.% 에서피로를느낀다고답하여서여자가남자보다높았다. 저자들의성적은외국의조사성적과 -, 8) 비교할때피로유병율이매우낮다. 외국의피로조사는 ICD- 의기준 (998 년 ), QLQ-C (-item quality-of-life questionnaire), FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness treatment) 등을통해피로도를조사하였고, 이러한진단기준들은암환자에서의피로를진단할때환자에게 ' 피로함을느끼는가?' 를묻는것외에도동반증상에관한여러가지질문들을포함하기때문에환자가피로하다는표현을하지않더라도 암과관련된피로 를진단할수있다. 반면에저자들의조사는환자에게직접 피로를느끼는가? 를물는질문에대해피로함을느낀다고말한환자만을 암과관련된피로 로진단하였기에유병율에차이가있다고생각된다. 그리고피로를표현한환자도스스로피로를호소하지않고의료진이질문을하였을때에야피로를느낀다고하여저자들이조사한암환자들은피로가있음에도표현하지않으며피로같은것은의료진에게호소할만한것이아니라고생각하고있다고보는것이타당할것이다. 또한이전에피로를심하게느꼈던환자는피로가개선되었을때피로가있음에도느끼지못하는 반응변위 (Response shift) ) 의과정으로인해피로가있음에도피로함을호소하지않아유병율이작게나타났을가능성도생각해볼수있겠다. 저자들이조사한암환자들의피로의중증도를볼때경증이.%, 중등도가.%, 중증이.% 로경증의 환자가가장많았다. 이는이전에 Piper 피로척도로조사하여평균적으로중등도이상의피로를느끼는것과비교하여볼때피로를적게호소한다고볼수있겠다. 암환자에서병기는치료의방법과예후를결정해주는중요한인자이다. 외국에서주로유방암환자를대상으로조사한결과에따르면병기와피로도는관계가없었지만, 8) 전이암이존재할경우는높은피로도를보였다 9). 그러나저자들의조사에서는 명만을제외하고는모두 기환자여서병기에따른피로도의차이를비교할수가없었다. 치료방법과피로도의관계를보면완화요법을받는군에서오히려중증피로를느끼는환자가많았는데이는완화요법을받는환자들의활동도가다른군에비해높아오히려치료를하지않더라도높은피로도를보였다. 동반증상으로써가장흔한증상은통증으로 Hwang 등은전체암환자의 % 가통증을호소한다고하였으며 ), Chang 등은통증을느끼는사람이느끼지않는사람에비해 ~배정도높은피로를느낀다고하였다 ). 저자들의조사에서는.% 에서통증을수반하고있었으며피로도에따른통증강도를비교하였을때상관관계가있었다. 외국에서는.% 의환자에서식욕부진을호소하였지만 ) 저자들의조사에서는.% 의환자에서식욕부진을호소하여외국의조사에비해더높은비율에서식욕부진을호소하였다. 건강한사람에서 % 가불면을호소한반면암환자의 ~% 에서불면을호소하여암환자에서높은수면장애를호소하였고, ), 저자들의조사에서도.% 에서불면을호소하여외국과비슷한비율로수면장애를호소하였다. 그러나피로도와수면장애의관계를보면경증의피로를느끼는환자에서는 8명이피로를느껴전체경증피로환자 명중 %, 중등도피로환자는 명 (.%), 중증피로환자는 명 (%) 로저자들의조사에서는상관관계가없어외국의조사에서수면부족환자에서높은피로도를보인것 ) 과는대조된다. Porock 등 ) 은.% 와.% 에서불안과우울증상을호소하였으며성별의차이는없었고, 피로와밀접한상관관계를가지는것으로보고하였던반면 Visser 등은우울증상과피로가서로관련이없는독립된증상이지만삶의질에는영향을준다 ) 고보고하였다. 저자들의조사에서는.% 와.% 에서우울증상과불안을호소하였다. 암환자에서빈혈은다양한원인에의해나타나며건 - -
6 -Do Seon Song, et al : The prevalence of fatigue in cancer patients - 강한대조군에비해흔히나타나는소견으로빈혈은피로도와삶의질은물론치료에따른생존률에도영향을미치는중요한인자이다 ). NCCN 에서는암환자의빈혈을헤모글로빈치 (Hb) 에따라. 이상을경증, 8.~ 9.9 를중등도, 8. 미만을중증빈혈로구분하였다. 외국의문헌에따르면 Hb이낮아짐에따라암환자에서피로도는더낮아진다 8). 국내에서는정등 ) 의조사에서상관관계는낮았지만 Hb이낮을수록피로도가높았다. 반면에저자들의조사에서는피로도와헤모글로빈수치에상관관계가없었다 ( 표 ). 이것은저자들의조사에서피로를느끼는환자들의 Hb은 명중 명만이 mg/dl 이하였고, 대다수의환자가 Hb이 mg/dl 이상으로경증의빈혈만을가져생긴결과로추측되며 Hb이 미만인환자에서의피로도조사가더필요하겠다. 본연구의제한점은피로도를조사하는방법이단순하고주관적이라는것이다. 피로의정의가 환자가느끼는주관적인느낌 이지만주관적인것을좀더객관화시킬수있는조사도구가필요하겠다. 또한조사대상환자의수가적고, 포함된환자들의질환, 치료방법들이다양하여변수들간의상관관계를알기가어려웠다. 따라서피로도에영향을미치는인자들간의관계를명확히알기위해서는좀더많은환자에서조사가이루어져야하겠으며, 환자의특성에따른개별화된연구가필요하겠다. 그리고피로를느끼지않는암환자에서는활동도, 치료내용및동반에대한조사가이루어지지않아피로를느낀다고한환자와의비교분석을하지못해이에대한연구와피로를느낀다고한환자들의추적검사를통해치료후시간의경과에따른피로의변화를관찰해보는것이필요하겠다. 암환자에서피로는많은환자가호소하며삶의질을저하시키는문제이지만이에대한관심도적고, 연구도충분히이루어지지않았다. 따라서암환자를처음접할때부터피로에대해관심을갖고, 피로를유발할수있는다양한요인을찾아개선하는노력이필요하겠다. 요약목적 : 암환자에서피로는흔한증상임에도연구가많이이루어져있지않고, 의료진도관심이적다. 또한국내에서이루어진연구는피로의유병율에대해서는이루어진것이없다. 성빈센트병원에입원한암환자를대상으로암환자의피로의유병율과동반증상들에대 해알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 년 월 일, 일, 8일, 성빈센트병원의암병동과호스피스병동에입원하고있는의식이있는환자 9명을대상으로성별, 나이, 기저질환, 피로를느끼는지여부에대해조사하였다. 피로를느낀다고대답한환자를대상으로다른동반증상의유무를조사하였다. 결과 : 대상환자 9명중남자가 명 (.%), 여자는 명 (.%) 이였으며중앙연령은 세 ( 범위 ~8 세 ) 였다. 기저질환은폐암 (%) 이가장많았으며, 위암, 대장암, 담낭암, 췌장암순이었다. 피로를느낀다고답한환자는 명 (.%) 이었으며그중남자는 명중 명 (8.%) 이었고, 여자는 명중 명 (.%) 으로여자암환자에서피로의빈도가높았다. 피로도는경증, 중등도, 중증이각각 명 (.%), 명 (.%) 과 명 (.%) 이었다. 이들의기저질환은폐암환자가 명 (%) 으로가장많았으며, 대장암, 위암, 담낭암, 췌장암순이었다. 피로를느끼는환자들의치료내용은항암요법치료를받는환자가 명 (.%), 방사선치료를받는환자가 명 (%), 항암요법과방사선치료를동시에받는환자가 명 (%), 완화요법을받는환자가 명 (.%) 으로항암요법을받는환자가제일많았다. 피로를느끼는환자들의활동도는 ECOG,, 에해당되는환자가각각,, 8명이었으며 ECOG 인환자는없었고, 활동도가저하될수록더큰피로를느꼈다. 피로를느끼는환자에게동반되는증상으로는통증이 명 (.%) 으로가장많았고, 식욕부진, 수면장애, 불안, 우울증상, 탈수, 스트레스등의순으로호소하였다. 이중통증을 Visual Analogue scale (VAS) 로평가하였을때통증이심할수록피로도가높았다. 피로를느끼는 명중 8명에서빈혈이있었다. 피로도와헤모글로빈농도는관계가없었으며, 남자와여자로구분하여도차이가없었다. 결론 : 의료진은암환자의피로에대해관심을가지고피로와연관된동반증상들에대한치료를통해피로도를개선시키는것이필요하겠다. 중심단어 : 암환자, 피로 REFERENCES ) 심병용, 홍석인, 박지찬, 홍숙희, 최강현, 조홍주, 김선영, 한선애, 이옥경, 김훈교. 말기암환자에서의하지부종. 한국호스피스 완화의료학회지 8:-, - -
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