296 Tae-Jung Kim, et al. 였으나임상적용은되지못하였다. 면역조직화학염색방법이일차선별검사로가장널리쓰이고있으나기관별차이가있고, 기술적인정확성이나결과의재연성면에서논란이많다.(5) 형광제자리부합법 (fluorescence in situ hybridizatio

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1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Journal of Breast Cancer J Breast Cancer 2009 December; 12(4): DOI: /jbc 유방암에서 HER2 유전자증폭분석에대한은제자리부합법과형광제자리부합법의비교 김태정ㆍ김태은ㆍ정은선ㆍ임현우 1 ㆍ송병주 2 ㆍ정상설 2 ㆍ이아원ㆍ최영진ㆍ이교영 가톨릭대학교의과대학병리학교실 1 예방의학교실 2 외과학교실 The Comparison of Automated Silver in situ Hybridization and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Evaluating HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Carcinoma Tae-Jung Kim, Tae Eun Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Hyeon Woo Yim 1, Byung Joo Song 2, Sang Seol Jung 2, Ahwon Lee, Yeong-Jin Choi, Kyo-Young Lee Departments of Pathology, 1 Preventive Medicine, and 2 Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Purpose: We want to validate the use of the silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) technique as comparised with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique for assessing the HER2 gene amplification of breast carcinoma. Methods: Tissue microarray (TMA) blocks from 58 breast cancer specimens were prepared and the concordance between HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer was determined by the FISH (PathVysion, Abbott/Vysis) technique and the automated silver in situ hybridization (SISH, INFORM TM, Ventana) technique. For comparison, all the specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry (Ventana-PATHWAY 4B5). Evaluation was performed by two pathologists and with following the instructions of the manufacturers and the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists. Results: The results of SISH and FISH were identical in all 58 cases; 17 cases showed HER2 amplification, and on the other hand, 41 cases didn t show HER2 amplification. Five weakly positive (2+) cases in immunohistochemistry staining revealed one HER2 amplification and four no HER2 amplification on both SISH and FISH. The SISH results of the HER2/CEP17 ratio were well correlated with the FISH results of the HER2/CEP17 ratio (correlation coefficient r=0.745, Linear regression r 2 =0.555, p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the SISH technique for assessing the HER2 status of excised breast carcinoma is comparable to the result obtained by FISH. However, SISH has the advantage of having permanent end result that can be visualized by an ordinary light microscope and less laborious preparation and time is needed than is required by FISH. SISH seems to be more feasible than FISH for assessing HER2 amplification of breast cancer. Key Words: Breast neoplasms, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, Silver in situ hybridization 중심단어 : 유방암, 형광제자리부합법, 면역조직화학염색, 은제자리부합법 서 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) 수 책임저자 : 이아원 서울시서초구반포동 505, 가톨릭대학교서울성모병원병리과 Tel: , Fax: klee@catholic.ac.kr 접수일 : 2009년 4월 21 일게재승인일 : 2009년 7월 16 일본연구는 2008년가톨릭대학교가톨릭암센터연구비로진행되었음. 론 용체는타이로신카이나제활동을지닌 185 kda의막당단백질로상피세포의성장과분화를조절하는세포하신호전달체계의활성화에중요한역할을한다.(1) 유방암환자에서 HER2 유전자의증폭이나 HER2 단백질의과발현은유방암환자의 10-34% 에서관찰된다.(2) HER2 상태에대한분석은환자의예후와 anti- HER2 monoclonal antibody인 tratuzumab 치료에중요하다.(3,4) 초창기에는 HER2 유전자증폭이나단백질과발현유무를알아보는방법으로 Southern 또는 Western blotting이쓰 295

2 296 Tae-Jung Kim, et al. 였으나임상적용은되지못하였다. 면역조직화학염색방법이일차선별검사로가장널리쓰이고있으나기관별차이가있고, 기술적인정확성이나결과의재연성면에서논란이많다.(5) 형광제자리부합법 (fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH) 은현재가장믿을만하다고알려져있으며, DNA 자체가매우안정적이므로파라핀포매조직에서행할수있고면역조직화학염색보다조직의상태에민감하지않으며병리의사간의판독일치율이높은장점이있다. 그러나검사과정이복잡하고판독시암실에서형광현미경을통해진행하여야하는불편함이있으며형광을사용하기때문에결과의영구보존이불가능하다는단점이있다.(6) 최근에는은제자리부합법 (silver in situ hybridization, SISH) 이소개되어 FISH의정확성을지니고있으며, 일반광학현미경을이용하여쉽게해석할수있고, 결과의영구적인보존이가능하여 FISH를대치할수있는검사로대두되고있다.(7,8) 저자들은한국의유방암환자의 HER2 상태검사를위하여 SISH와 FISH 검사를동시에시행하고면역조직화학염색과의비교를통해 SISH 검사의유용성에대해알아보고자한다. 방법 2008년서울성모병원에서유방암으로유방절제술을시행받은환자 58 명을대상으로하였다. 유방암조직슬라이드를재검하여종양대표부위에서 2 mm 크기의종양코어를취하고편도선및유방샘증조직을대조군코어로하여, Tissue microarray (TMA) 를제작하였다. 병리소견및임상정보는 Table 1에요약되었다. 면역조직화학염색면역조직화학염색은제작된 TMA 의 4 μm 절편을만들어, BenchMark XT automated slide processing system (Ventana, Tucson, USA) 을사용하여염색하였고 HER2 PATH- WAY anti-her2/neu (4B5) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Ventana, Tucson, USA) 를사용하였다. 은제자리부합법 SISH를시행하기위해동일 TMA 의연속적인 4 μm 파라핀포매절편을만들었다. 일련의염색은 INFORM HER2 DNA 소식자 (Ventana, Tucson, USA) 와염색체 17 (CEP17) 소식자 (Ventana, Tucson, USA) 에대한제작자의프로토콜을따라시행하였다. SISH는 Benchmark XT 자동화처리시스템 (Ventana, Tucson, USA) 을사용하여시행하였다. HER2 DNA 소식자는 95 에서 15분간변성 (denaturation) 시켰고, 52 에 서 2시간동안부합화 (hybridization) 반응을시행하였다. 부합화된후에는 72 에서수세를 3회시행하였다. CEP17 소식자는95 에서 12 분간변성되었고, 44 에서 2시간동안부합화하였다. 이후 59 에서수세를 3 회시행하였다. HER2와 CEP17의 DNP 표지소식자는토끼항 -DNP 일차항체와 ultraview SISH 검출키트 (Ventana, Tucson, USA) 를사용하여가시화하였다. 검출키트는발색효소인 horse radish peroxidase (HRP) 가융합된염소항- 토끼항체를포함하고있다. 이후, SISH 의최종반응물은은침전물인데, 연속적으로 silver A (silver acetate), silver Table 1. Characteristics of patients (n=58) Characteristics No. of patients (%) Age (yr) <50 25 (43.1) (56.9) Histologic type Invasive ductal 51 (87.9) Invasive lobular 2 (3.4) Medullary 1 (1.7) Micropapillary 3 (5.1) Mixed ductal and mucinous 1 (1.7) Histologic grade I 12 (20.7) II 24 (41.4) III 22 (37.9) Estrogen receptor Negative 15 (30.0) Positive 43 (70.0) Progesteron receptor Negative 26 (44.8) Positive 32 (55.2) T stage T1 17 (29.3) T2 33 (56.9) T3 7 (12.1) T4 1 (1.7) N stage N0 33 (56.9) N1 15 (25.9) N2 3 (5.1) N3 7 (12.1) M stage M0 57 (98.3) M1 1 (1.7) No. of dissected LN <20 44 (75.9) (24.1) Ratio of metastatic/removed LNs <50% 51 (87.9) 50% 7 (12.1) LN=lymph node.

3 HER2 SISH & FISH in Breast Carcinoma 297 B (hydroquinone), silver C (H 2 O 2 ) 가첨가되면서화학반응이이뤄지고, 여기서 silver ion (Ag + ) 은 hydroquinone에의해환원되어 metallic silver atom (Ag) 로된다. 이반응과정에서 hydrogen peroxide (silver C) 는 HRP의기질로서작용하여반응을촉진시킨다. 은침전물은핵에침전되며 HER2 유전자의하나의복사 (copy) 는한개의검은점으로가시화된다. 이후, 일반광학현미경에서해석하기위해 Ventana Hematoxylin II (Ventana, Tucson, USA) 에의해대조염색하였다. 형광제자리부합법 FISH 또한동일 TMA 블록의 4 μm 두께의연속절편에서시행되었다. 탈파라핀화및단백질분해효소소화후에 HER2 FISH 키트 (PathVysion, Abott/Vysis, Downers Grove, USA) 를사용하여제작자의지침에따라실험하였다. 간단히요약하면 의열을가하여항원복구후 HER2/CEP17 표지자로 45 로 16 시간동안부합화과정을거쳤다. 휴지기의정상세포에서는 CEP17 DNA 소식자가염색체 17 의중심절 (centromere) 에부착되어 1-2 개의녹색형광신호가관찰되었으며, HER2 DNA 소식자는 HER2 염색체에부착되어 1-2 개의적색형광신호가관찰되었다. 점수화기준및알고리즘저자들의실험의모든판독과점수화는다음의정의와알고리즘에의해두명의병리전문의가의견일치를본값이다. HER2 유전자상태는 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/ College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) 추천지침에따라 1) HER2 유전자증폭이음성, HER2와 CEP17의비 (HER2/ CEP17) 가 1.8보다작은경우, 2) HER2 유전자증폭이부정 (equivocal), HER2/CEP17가 1.8과 2.2 사이인경우, 3) HER2 유전자증폭이양성, HER2/CEP17가 2.2보다큰경우로분류하였다.(9) SISH의평가알고리즘은제작자가제공하는해석지침서인 Interpretation Guide INFORM TM HER-2 (Ventana, Tucson) 에따랐다. 알고리즘은두부분의방법 (two-part approach) 으로구성되었는데요약하면다음과같다. 방법 1에서는 HER2 또는 CEP17의슬라이드의염색상의적절성을평가한후, SISH 염색이적절히발현된것으로보이는악성세포핵들이있는목표구역을설정하여빠르게반정량적 (Semi-quantitative) 으로목표구역의 HER2 염색신호의평균값 (mean spot count) 을구하고, 동일목표구역에서반정량적으로 CEP17의염색신호의평균값을구해서, HER2/CEP17이 1.4 미만인경우는 HER2 유전자증폭음성으로, 4.0 초과인경우, HER2 유전자증폭양성으로정의하고 HER2/CEP17이 1.4와 4.0 사이인경우를재검증례로 정하고방법 2를적용한다. 방법 2에서는동일목표구역에서정량적인방법으로 20 개핵 HER2 염색신호수의합을구하고, 이것을동일목표구역에서 20개핵의 CEP17 염색신호수의합으로나누어 HER2/CEP17이 1.8 미만인경우는 HER2 유전자증폭음성으로, 2.2 초과인경우 HER2 유전자증폭양성으로정의한다. 여기서 HER2/CEP17이 1.8과 2.2 사이인경우는다시재검증례로정하고, 정확도를높이기위해방법 2A를시행하는데, 방법 2A에서는이전목표구역과는다른목표구역을정해서정량적인방법으로 20 개핵의 HER2 염색신호수의합을구하고, 동일구역에서 20 개핵의 CEP17 염색신호수의합을구한후, 이전목표구역에서구했던 HER2, CEP17 각각의합과더해총 40 개의세포에서 HER2/CEP17을구하고이것이 1.8 미만인경우는 HER2 유전자증폭음성으로, 2.2 초과인경우, HER2 유전자증폭양성으로정의하며, 그비가 1.8 과 2.2 사이인경우는부정으로정의하였다. FISH 또한 2007 ASCO/CAP 지침에따랐으며,(9) 1) HER2 유전자증폭음성은 HER2 유전자의적색형광신호와 CEP17의녹색형광신호의비 (HER2/CEP17) 가 1.8 이하인경우, 2) 부정은 HER2/CEP17이 인경우, 3) 양성은 2.2 이상인경우로판독하였으며, 2개의서로다른지역에서각각 20 개세포의 HER2 및 CEP17 형광신호를구해총 40 개의세포에서그형광신호를합산하여 HER2/CEP17을계산하였다. 면역조직화학염색도 2007 ASCO/CAP 지침에따라정의했다.(9) 첫째, 면역조직화학염색이음성은 0 또는 1+ 로정의하였는데염색이안되었거나약하게염색되었으며어떤종양세포에서도불완전하게막성염색상을보인경우, 둘째, 부정인경우는 2+ 로정의하며염색이비록일정하지않거나약하더라도적어도 30% 이상의악성세포에서명백하게세포를둘러싸는염색상을보인경우, 셋째, 양성인경우는 3+ 로정의하고적어도 30% 이상의악성세포에서일정하고진하게막성염색상을보인경우로정의하였다. 통계통계는 SPSS for Windows version 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) 를사용했으며선형회귀분석과피어슨상관분석으로분석하였다. p<0.05 를통계적으로유의하다고정의하였다. 결과 SISH 및 FISH의결과는 58증례모두동일하게나왔는데 HER2 유전자증폭음성으로판독된수는 41예, 양성으로판독된수는 17 예이며부정으로판독된예는 SISH와 FISH 모두에

4 298 Tae-Jung Kim, et al. 서없었다 (Table 2). HER2 면역조직화학염색결과와 SISH 및 FISH 결과를비교해보았을때, 면역조직화학염색과 SISH 및 FISH 모두에서음성으로판독된수는 37 예, 모두양성으로판독된예는 16 예였으며 (Figure 1), 면역조직화학염색에서부정 (2+) 으로판독된 5예중, 1예는 SISH 및 FISH 모두에서 HER2 유전 Table 2. Demonstration of SISH vs FISH HER2 gene amplification status obtained from 58 consecutively examined invasive breast cancer cases HER2 gene SISH amplification status Negative Equivocal Positive Total FISH Negative Equivocal Positive Total SISH=silver in situ hybridization; FISH=fluorescence in situ hybridization. 자증폭양성으로판독되었고, 나머지 4예는 SISH 및 FISH 모두에서유전자증폭이관찰되지않았다 (Table 3). 모든증례는 SISH 및 FISH 각각의 HER2 핵당평균신호수, CEP17 핵당평균신호 Table 3. Multiple comparison between HER2 amplification determined by SISH, FISH and HER2 overexpressed by IHC (TMA, Ventana) Negative (0 or 1+) IHC (TMA, Ventana) Equivocal (2+) Positive (3+) SISH (n=58) No amplification Amplification FISH (n=58) No amplification Amplification IHC=immunohistochemistry; TMA=tissue microarray; SISH=silver in situ hybridization; FISH=fluorescence in situ hybridization. A B C D Figure 1. HER2 IHC, FISH and SISH results in breast carcinomas showed (A) the example of IHC of 3+ staining, (B) the example of HER2 amplification in FISH (HER/CEP17 ratio >2.2), (C, D) the example of HER2 amplification in SISH (C: HER2, D: CEP17, HER2/CEP17 ratio >2.2). IHC=immunohistochemistry; SISH=silver in situ hybridization; FISH=fluorescence in situ hybridization.

5 HER2 SISH & FISH in Breast Carcinoma 299 Table 4. Quantitative enumeration of cases with a HER2/CEP17 ratio equal to or between 1.4 and 4.0 in semi-quantitative method of SISH No. case HER2 spot mean number Semi-quantitative method CEP17 spot mean number Overall ratio HER2 spot mean number (20 nuclei) Quantitative method CEP17 spot mean number (20 nuclei) Overall ratio SISH=silver in situ hybridization. Table 5. Analytical validation between HER2/CEP17 ratio of SISH and FISH 고 찰 SISH vs FISH HER2 copy enumeration Correlation coefficient (Pearson) r=0.829 Linear regression r 2 =0.687 p<0.001 SISH vs FISH CEP17 copy enumeration Correlation coefficient (Pearson) r=0.233 Linear regression r 2 =0.037 p=0.078 SISH vs FISH HER2/CEP17 ratio Correlation coefficient (Pearson) r=0.745 Linear regression r 2 =0.555 p<0.001 SISH=silver in situ hybridization; FISH=fluorescence in situ hybridization. 수, HER2/CEP17 값을구하여방법간의비교를하였는데, SISH 에서의 HER2 핵당평균신호수와 CEP17 핵당평균신호수는 5예를제외하고모두반정량적으로계산한값이며, HER2/CEP17이 1.4 미만으로 HER2 유전자증폭음성으로결정되었거나 HER2/ CEP17 초과로 HER2 유전자증폭양성으로결정되었다. 58 예중 SISH의우선적방법 1 반정량적인계산에서 HER2/CEP17이 1.4 이상 4.0 이하에위치했던재검증례 5예는방법 2로같은영역에서다시정량적으로 20 개의핵을세었으며 5예모두 HER2/ CEP17이 1.8 미만으로계산되어음성으로판독되었다 (Table 4). SISH 및 FISH 검사비교시, HER2 SISH 핵당평균신호수값과 HER2 FISH 핵당평균신호수값은통계적으로유의한일치관계를보였다 (correlation coefficient r=0.829, Linear regression r 2 =0.687, p<0.001). CEP17 SISH 핵당평균신호수값과 CEP17 FISH 핵당평균신호수값은통계적으로유의한일치를보이지않았다 (r=0.233, r 2 =0.037, p=0.078). CISH HER2/ CEP 17 값과 FISH HER2/CEP17 값은통계적으로유의한일치를보였다 (r=0.745, r 2 =0.555, p<0.001) (Table 5). HER2 유전자증폭은종괴의침습성과나쁜예후와관련이있다고알려지기시작하였으나,(10-12) 임상적으로크게주목을받기시작한것은항암치료및 tratuzumab 치료와의관련성이밝혀지면서부터이다. HER2를목표로하는분자표적치료는 HER2 유전자증폭이있는환자군이고려대상이된다.(13-15) 현재가장정확한 HER2 상태판단기준은 FISH로여겨지나비용과시간이많이들고, 실험여력을갖춘기관이부족하다는점등제약이있어널리보급되지는못한상태이다. 최근도입된 SISH가 FISH만큼의정확하면서적용하기도쉬워 FISH의대안으로대두되고있다. 최근까지영어문헌검색상 SISH와 FISH의비교에관한여러논문에서도높은결과의일치율을보였다. Dietel 등 (7) 은 99 예의실험에서 96% 의일치율, Carbone 등 (16) 은89예에서 98.9% 의일치율, Shousha 등 (8) 은53예에서 94% 의일치율및 Itoh 등 (17) 은 44 예에서 97.7% 의일치율을보였다. 본연구는58예를대상으로하여비록증례수는적었으나두방법간에 100% 일치율을보였으며, SISH의대부분 HER2/CEP17가반정량적인값임에도불구하고 FISH의 HER2/CEP17와매우유사한상관성을보였다 (Table 5). 이는 SISH에서의반정량적인신호수계산이방법적으로매우쉽고비교적객관적인결과를보여준다는것을알수있었다. SISH의우선적방법 1 반정량적계산에서 1.4 와 4.0 사이로나와다시정량적인계산을해야했던 5예모두는 HER2/CEP17 값이음성을결정하는기준 (HER2/CEP <1.4) 에가깝게나왔으며, 다시정략적으로방법 2에서 20 개의핵에서신호수를세었을때 HER2/CEP17 값이 1.8 미만으로계산되어모두음성으로결정되었다 (Table 4). Shousha 등 (8) HER2 SISH의결과와 HER2 면역조직화학염색결과를비교하여, 절제검체에서는면역조직화학염색음성 (0 또는 1+) 인경우는 SISH 결과도모두음성을보였고, 양성 (3+) 인경우는 72% 가 SISH 양성이었으며, 핵생검 (core biopsy) 검체에서는면역조직화학염색상음성 (0 또는 1+) 인경우 94% 에서

6 300 Tae-Jung Kim, et al. SISH 음성이었고, IHC 양성 (3+) 인경우 42% 가 SISH 양성으로절제검체에서핵생검검체보다면역조직화학염색결과와발색제자리부합법 (chromogenic in situ hybridization, CISH) 결과의일치율이높았다. Carbone 등 (16) 은 89 예의침윤성유방암에서면역조직화학염색과각종제자리부합법과의일치도를비교하였으며, SISH, FISH 및 CISH와의일치도는각각 96.6%, 97.8% 및 96.6% 로매우높았다. 저자들의실험에서는절제조직의대표부위를 TMA 로제작하여분석하였으며면역조직화학염색이음성 (0 또는 1+) 인경우는 SISH 음성, 면역조직화학염색이양성인경우 (3+) 는 SISH 양성을보여높은일치율을보였다. 또한 89 예의침윤성유방암조직을 5곳의검사실에서각각염색하고판독하여결과재현성을조사하였을때, 합의진단과의일치도는 97.6% 에서 100% 로매우높았다 (K w value ). 불일치를보이던증례는 2예로이중 1예는 SISH 검사상부정분류에속하였으며이는 FISH 검사에서도부정분류에속하였다. 나머지 1예는 CEP- 17 polysomy 경우로 2곳은양성, 2곳은음성, 나머지 1곳에서는부정으로판독하였다. 지금까지 SISH와 FISH를비교한논문들이모두높은결과의일치율을보였으나, SISH의점수계산에서 SISH 제작자가제공하는알고리즘의반정량적인방법에대해언급한논문은 Carbone 등 (16) 뿐이었다. 그러나 Carbone 등 (16) 도반정량적으로계산한 SISH의 HER2/CEP17 값과 FISH의 HER2/CEP17 값의구체적비교는언급하지않았다. Shousha 등 (8) 은처음부터정량적인방법을썼고 Dietel 등 (7) 은구체적인계산방법에대해언급하지않았다. 제작자의해석지침서에는전체검체의 85% 는반정량적인방법으로 HER2 유전자증폭여부를결정할수있고나머지소수의검체에대해서만정량적인방법을사용할수있다고소개하고있는데, 본연구에서도전체검체의 87.5% 에서반정량적으로 HER2 유전자증폭여부를결정할수있었다. 저자들이경험한바로는 SISH에서우선적으로 HER2 유전자증폭여부를결정하는데에반정량적인방법을사용할수있으며정량적인방법과유사한결과를얻을수있는것은 SISH의검은색염색신호가 FISH 의형광신호보다더판독하기쉽기때문으로생각된다. 결론이연구에서저자들은 HER2유전자증폭유무를검색하는방법으로 SISH와 FISH의매우높은일치율을확인할수있었다. SISH가 FISH에비해실험방법과판독측면에서편리하고결과를영구히보전할수있으며비용이적게든다는장점이있어앞으로또다른 HER2 검색법으로자리잡을것으로기대된다. 참고문헌 1. Akiyama T, Sudo C, Ogawara H, Toyoshima K, Yamamoto T. The product of the human c-erbb-2 gene: a 185-kilodalton glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity. Science 1986;232: Ross JS, Fletcher JA. HER-2/neu (c-erb-b2) gene and protein in breast cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;112:S Cobleigh MA, Vogel CL, Tripathy D, Robert NJ, Scholl S, Fehrenbacher L, et al. Multinational study of the efficacy and safety of humanized anti-her2 monoclonal antibody in women who have HER2- overexpressing metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after chemotherapy for metastatic disease. J Clin Oncol 1999;17: Shak S. Overview of the trastuzumab (Herceptin) anti-her2 monoclonal antibody clinical program in HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Herceptin Multinational Investigator Study Group. Semin Oncol 1999;26: Press MF, Sauter G, Bernstein L, Villalobos IE, Mirlacher M, Zhou JY, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of HER-2 as a molecular target: an assessment of accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory testing in large, prospective, randomized clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: Lewis F, Jackson P, Lane S, Coast G, Hanby AM. Testing for HER2 in breast cancer. Histopathology 2004;45: Dietel M, Ellis IO, Ho_fler H, Kreipe H, Moch H, Dankof A, et al. Comparison of automated silver enhanced in situ hybridisation (SISH) and fluorescence ISH (FISH) for the validation of HER2 gene status in breast carcinoma according to the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists. Virchows Arch 2007;451: Shousha S, Peston D, Amo-Takyi B, Morgan M, Jasani B. Evaluation of automated silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) for detection of HER2 gene amplification in breast carcinoma excision and core biopsy specimens. Histopathology 2009;54: Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN, Hagerty KL, Allred DC, Cote RJ, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25: Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, Holt JA, Wong SG, Keith DE, et al. Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 1989;244: Re@villion F, Bonneterre J, Peyrat JP. ERBB2 oncogene in human

7 HER2 SISH & FISH in Breast Carcinoma 301 breast cancer and its clinical significance. Eur J Cancer 1998;34: Tandon AK, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Ullrich A, McGuire WL. HER-2/neu oncogene protein and prognosis in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1989;7: Mass RD, Press MF, Anderson S, Cobleigh MA, Vogel CL, Dybdal N, et al. Evaluation of clinical outcomes according to HER2 detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization in women with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. Clin Breast Cancer 2005;6: Tubbs RR, Pettay JD, Roche PC, Stoler MH, Jenkins RB, Grogan TM. Discrepancies in clinical laboratory testing of eligibility for trastuzumab therapy: apparent immunohistochemical false-positives do not get the message. J Clin Oncol 2001;19: Arnould L, Arveux P, Couturier J, Gelly-Marty M, Loustalot C, Ettore F, et al. Pathologic complete response to trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant therapy is related to the level of HER-2 amplification. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13: Carbone A, Botti G, Gloghini A, Simone G, Truini M, Curcio MP, et al. Delineation of HER2 gene status in breast carcinoma by silver in situ hybridization is reproducible among laboratories and pathologists. J Mol Diagn 2008;10: Itoh H, Kato N, Serizawa A, Itoh T, Umemura S, Osamura RT. HER2 rabbit monoclonal antibody 4B5 and silver SISH: high performance in surgical pathology for appropriate patient care. Mod Pathol 2009; 22:205.

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