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1 대한조선학회논문집 Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 제42권제5호 2005년 10월 Vol. 42, No. 5, pp , October 2005 권정일 *, 이상갑 *, 정정훈 ** 한국해양대학교해양시스템공학부 * 한국기계연구원 e- 엔지니어링센터 ** Shock Response Analysis of MIL-S-901D Floating Shock Platform Jeong-Il Kwon *, Sang-Gab Lee * and Jung-Hoon Chung ** Korea Maritime University, Division of Ocean System Engineering * Korea Institute of machinery & Materials, e-engineering Research Center ** Abstract Underwater explosion shock response analysis of a MIL-S-901D Standard Floating Shock Platform(SFSP) was performed using LS-DYNA/USA, and the accuracy of analysis results was examined through the comparison of them with the existing test results. Surrounding fluid as well as the SFSP was included in a three dimensional finite element model for the consideration of the cavitation effects of UNDEX shock wave. It was confirmed that the analysis results could predict accurately the shock behaviors of the SFSP, and the response characteristics according to heavy weight shock tests could be figured out well. Keywords: Shock response analysis, Underwater explosion, MIL-S-901D, Standard floating shock platform, LS-DYNA/USA( 충격응답해석, 수중폭발, 표준중중량충격시험기 ) 1. 서론함정의전투능력과생존성의측면에서수중폭발충격하중에대하여내충격안정성을확보하는것이필수적이다. 이를위하여각국해군에서는함정의전투및운항성능에필수적인탑재장비에대하여충격시험등을통하여내충격성능을검증접수일 : 2005년 6월 27일, 승인일 : 2005년 8월 10일 주저자, jikweon@bada.hhu.ac.kr 주저자, Tel: 하도록요구하고있다. 우리해군에서도미국해군의탑재장비에대한충격사양인 MIL-S-901D (1989) 에따라함정의탑재장비의내충격안전성을검증받도록장비제작사에게요구하고있다. MIL-S-901D 에서규정하고있는충격시험은대상장비의중량에따라경중량 (light weight), 중간중량 (medium weight) 및중중량 (heavy weight) 충격시험으로분류된다. 현재국내에서도경중량및중간중량충격시험기를이용한충격시험은한국기계연구원을중심으로활발하게이루어지고있으나중중량충격시
2 494 험기가없기때문에주기관 (main engine) 과같은핵심적인탑재장비에대한충격시험은불가능하다 ( 정정훈등 1996). 실제폭약의수중폭발시험을수행하는중중량충격시험은실선충격시험과유사하므로이를이용한실험적연구는탑재장비에대한내충격안정성의확보측면뿐만아니라수중폭발현상규명및수중폭발충격응답해석의정확도검증을위해서도반드시필요하다. 본연구에서는수중폭발충격응답해석을위한대표적프로그램인 LS-DYNA/USA(Shin and DeRuntz 1996, 이상갑등 2003, 정정훈등 2000) 를이용하여 MIL-S-901D 중중량충격시험기의하나인 SFSP 에대해수중폭발에의한충격응답해석을수행하였다. 또한, 수치해석결과의정확도는미국해군연구소 (Naval Research Laboratories, NRL) 의충격시험결과 (Clements 1972) 와비교 검증하고, 향후수치해석을통한중중량탑재장비의내충격설계검증에의활용가능성을검토하였다. 2. MIL-S-901D 중중량충격시험중중량충격시험은시험대상장비의중량이 60,000lb 까지는 SFSP 를이용하고 400,000lb 까지는대형중중량충격시험기 (Large Floating Shock Platform, LFSP) 을사용하여실제수중폭발시험을실시한다. 다음에는본연구에서고려한 SFSP 에대해서간략히소개한다. SFSP 는 1959 년에미국 NSRDC(Naval Ship Research and Development Center) 의 UERD(Underwater Explosions Research Department) 에의해처음만들어졌으며최대시험중량은 30,000lb 로설계되었으나현재의 MIL-S-901D 에서는 60,000lb 의탑재장비까지시험을할수있도록규정하고있다. 초기모델은길이 22ft 에폭 16ft 였으나현재는길이방향만 6ft 가더늘어난 28ft 에폭 16ft 의 SFSP 를사용하고있다. SFSP 구조는선체에탑재된장비가선체로부터받는하중조건과유사하게만들기위해 3ft 깊이의이중저구조로되어있으며 SFSP 를둘러싼외판은대부분 1in 두께의고장력강 (HY-80) 으로되 Fig. 1 MIL-S-901D heavy weight shock test using SFSP(Hi-Test Lab., USA) 어있다. 시험대상장비가설치되는내저판의선측은높이 3ft, 폭 0.5ft 의이중선체이며, 이로인해실제시험대상장비의설치면적은길이 26ft 에폭 14ft 이다. 높이방향으로는충격시험중에장비구성품이이탈하여물속에빠지지않게하고각종기후조건으로인한영향을줄이기위하여캔버스 (canvas) 등을이용하여반원통형구조 (canopy) 로상부를막고있다. SFSP 의자체중량은약 85,000lb 이며이경우 3ft 의흘수를갖는다. 시험대상장비는가능한한실제함정에부착되는방법과동일한방법으로 SFSP 에설치하여시험을수행한다. 한편, 충격시험은해저면의영향을줄이기위하여수심이적어도 35 40ft 이상되는곳에서수행하여야한다. Fig. 1은 SFSP 를이용한중중량충격시험의한예를보여주고있다. 3. 충격응답해석및고찰중중량시험충격응답해석을위한수치해석대상물은 NRL에서 SFSP에탑재 시험한전체중량 35,800lb 의잠수함용디젤엔진 (diesel engine) 을선정하였다. 수치해석조건은대상주기관전체가탑재된경우와분해하는과정에해당하는 2가지중량조건을추가로고려하였다. 폭약은 MIL-S-901D에서규정하고있는 HBX-1 60lb를이용하였으며, 폭발조건은 Fig. 2에보인바와같이폭약깊이 10, 20 및 30ft 에대하여각각폭발거리 (stand-off distance) 20, 30, 40, 60, 80ft인 대한조선학회논문집제 42 권제 5 호 2005 년 10 월
3 권정일, 이상갑, 정정훈 495 Charge : 60 lbs HBX-1 Stand-off distance (20/30/40/60/80 ft) Charge depth (10/20/30 ft) SFSP Top View Transverse View Fig. 2 Shot geometry of heavy weight shock testing at NRL Table 1 Test conditions of MIL-S-901D heavy weight shock testing Test condition SFSP LFSP Depth of explosive charge below water surface (for all shots) 24ft 20ft Explosive charge HBX-1 weight/composition 60lbs 300lbs Shot direction : Shot 1 Shots 2, 3, and 4 Fore-and-Aft Athwartship Stand-off distance : Shot 1 Shot 2 Shot 3 Shot 4 40ft 30ft 25ft 20ft 110ft 80ft 65ft 50ft 경우로설정하였다. Table 1은 MIL-S-901D 에서규정하는중중량충격시험조건을보여주고있다. 현재수중폭발충격응답해석에널리사용되고있는대표적인프로그램인 LS-DYNA/USA 를사용하여충격응답해석을수행하였다. Table 2에서와같이중량조건 35,800lb 에대하여 14가지, 그리고분해과정에서구현된중량조건 9,000 및 18,400lb 에대하여각각 7가지씩, 총 28개의충격시험조건에대하여수치해석을수행하였다. Table 2 Shock analysis conditions Charge Stand-off Load weight(lb) depth(ft) distance(ft) 9,000 18,400 35, Fig. 3 Finite element model of M/E module, SFSP and surrounding fluid SFSP 와같은부유구조물 (floating structures) 의수중폭발충격응답해석에있어서는충격파전파시자유수면과접수구조표면에의해발생하는인장반사파 (rarefaction wave) 로인한광역케비테이션 (bulk cavitation) 과선각케비테이션 (hull cavitation) 의영향을고려하여야한다 ( 이상갑등 2003). 이를위해본연구에서는 Fig. 3에보인바와같이 SFSP 뿐만아니라주변유체를포함하여 3차원유한요소모델링을하였다. 3차원유한요소모델은총 70,178 개의절점 (node) 을이용하여, SFSP 모델링을위한판 (shell) 요소 10,784 개, 주변유체모델링을위해음 Journal of SNAK, Vol. 42, No. 5, October 2005
4 496 향 (acoustic) 체적요소 57,844 개, 그리고유체모델링에서제외된기타유체영역의영향을고려하기위한 DAA 경계 (Doubly Asymptotic Approximation boundary segment) 요소 5,696 개로구성하였다. 또한 SFSP 에설치된주기관은동일한중량을갖는강체블록으로모델링하였다. Fig. 4에는 NRL 의시험결과와비교하기위해주기관이취부된지지부에서의해석결과추출위치를도시하였다. Fig. 5에는수치해석을위한시나리오중에서폭약깊이 10ft, 시험중량 35,800lb 인경우에대해폭발거리에따라상기데이터추출위치 4곳에서의평균속도응답시간이력을도시하였다. 이로부터폭발거리가멀어질수록응답이줄어들며, NRL 시험결과와마찬가지로 50msec 이후에는충격거동이거의사라짐을확인할수있다. 계산된각방향평균속도최대값과 NRL 의시험결과를 Fig. 6 Fig. 8에함께도시하였는데해석결과와시험결과의부합성이매우양호함을알수있다. 한편, 충격응답크기는시험중량과폭발깊이보다는폭발거리에거의선형적으로반비례함을알수있다. Average Ver. Vel (ft/sec) Load weight : 35,800 lb Charge Depth : 10 ft Standoff : 20 ft Standoff : 30 ft Standoff : 40 ft Standoff : 60 ft Time (sec) Fig. 5 Time history of average vertical velocity for shot at 10ft depth Vertical velocity (ft/sec) 1 1 Charge Depth : 20 ft (a) 20ft charge depth Vertical velocity (ft/sec) 1 1 Charge Depth : 30 ft Fig. 4 Data acquisition nodes (b) 30ft charge depth Fig. 6 Peak vertical velocity vs. stand-off distance 대한조선학회논문집제 42 권제 5 호 2005 년 10 월
5 권정일, 이상갑, 정정훈 497 Athwartship velocity (ft/sec) 1 1 Charge Depth : 20 ft Fore and Aft velocity (ft/sec) 1 1 Charge Depth : 20 ft (a) 20ft charge depth (a) 20ft charge depth Athwartship velocity (ft/sec) 1 1 Charge Depth : 30 ft Fore and Aft velocity (ft/sec) 1 1 Charge Depth : 30 ft (b) 30ft charge depth Fig. 7 Peak athwartship velocity vs. stand-off distance (b) 30ft charge depth Fig. 8 Peak fore-and-aft velocity vs. stand-off distance 4. 결론본연구에서는 MIL-S-901D 에규정하는중중량충격시험기의하나인 SFSP 에대해 LS-DYNA/USA 를이용하여수중폭발충격응답해석을수행하였다. 또한, 수치해석결과가 NRL 에서수행한시험결과와매우잘일치하여수치해석을통해중중량충격시험에따른응답특성을충분히파악할수있음을확인하였다. 현재국내에서는 MIL-S-901D 중중량충격시험기가없기때문에중중량의함정탑재장비에대해서는내충격안전성검증을거의대부분 DDAM (Dynamic Design Analysis Method) 해석에만의존하고있다 (Scavuzzo and Pusey 2000). 그러나 스펙트럴해석방법인 DDAM 해석은대상장비의충격응답이선형이고탄성한도내에있다는가정하에서개발된방법이므로주기관과같이비선형탄성마운트를채용하는장비들에적용하는것은원칙적으로불가능하다. 이런경우본연구에서제시하는직접시간적분법을이용한과도응답 (transient response) 해석을적용하는것이보다적절하다고판단된다. 한편, 본연구를통해정립된해석방법은실제함정에탑재되는중중량장비들의내충격안전성평가뿐만아니라전선 (whole ship) 충격응답해석에있어서선체구조-받침대-장비의연성효과를고려하여보다정확한장비시스템의충격응답예측에직접활용이가능하리라판단된다. Journal of SNAK, Vol. 42, No. 5, October 2005
6 498 참고문헌 이상갑, 권정일, 정정훈, 2003, " 캐비테이션을고려한부유구조물의 3차원수중폭발충격응답해석, 대한조선학회논문집, 제 40권, 제 6호, pp 정정훈, 김병현, 정태영, 1996, " 함정용탑재장비의내충격성능평가기술," 대한조선학회지, 제 33권, 제 2호, pp 정정훈, 허영철, 김병현, 2000, "LS-DYNA/USA 를이용한부유구조물의수중폭발충격응답해석," 대한조선학회추계학술대회논문집, pp Clements, E.W., 1972, Shipboard Shock and Navy devices for its simulation, Naval Research Laboratory Report No MIL-STD-901D, 1989, "Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact) Shipboard Machinery, Equipment, and Systems, Requirements for". Scavuzzo, R.J. and Pusey, H.C., 2000, "Naval Shock Analysis and Design," The Shock And Vibration Information Analysis Center Monogram No. 17. Shin, Y.S. and DeRuntz, J.A., 1996, USA/LS- DYNA3D Software Training Coursel. < 권정일 > < 이상갑 > < 정정훈 > 대한조선학회논문집제 42 권제 5 호 2005 년 10 월
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