한덕현교수 1 쪽 01. 문맥상빈칸에들어갈가장적절한것은? Language and spelling change. Crystal, one of the most prolific writers on English, has helped popularize that truth. If, as internet use suggests, people are now starting to write rhubarb as rubarb, that, he says, may one day become an acceptable. 1 alternative 3 risk 2 obligation 4 order 01. 정답 1 rhubarb 를 rubarb 로쓴다고말하고있으므로대체한다고말하고있음을알수있다. 즉 A as B(A 를 B 로 ) 라고말하고있는점에서힌트를찾는다. prolific [proulífik] a. 다산 ( 多産 ) 의, 비옥한, ( 작가가 ) 다작의 popularize [pɑṕjələraìz] vt. 대중 [ 통속 ] 화하다 rhubarb [ru ːbɑːrb] n. 장군풀, 말다툼 언어와철자는변한다. 영어에관핸가장많은글을쓴작가중의한명인크리스탈이이런사실을널리알리는데일조를했다. 인터넷사용에서알수있듯이만일사람들이지금 rhubarb 를 rubarb 라고쓰기시작하면그것은언젠가용인가능한대체물이될수있을것이라고그는말하고있다. 02. 다음빈칸에들어갈표현으로가장적절한것은? The reputation of Genghis Khan as may be worse than the reality. Much of our information comes from chroniclers of the time who often exaggerated the facts. It is possible that they were encouraged by their Mongol employers to exaggerate the tales of cruelty so that the Mongols appeared more frightening to their enemies. 1 an exaggerating storyteller 2 a courageous emperor 3 an influential figure 4 an utterly ruthless warrior 02. 정답 4 빈칸문장만으로도답을알수있다. 즉 실제보다더나쁘다 고말한것은나쁘기는나쁜데그보다나쁘다는것이므로보기에는부정적인어조의말이들어가게된다. 따라서이런부정적인보기는 4 이외에는없음을알수있다. 물론지문마지막에 frightening 을통해서도더욱구체적으로알수있다. chronicler [krɑńiklər] n. 연대기편자, 기록자 exaggerate [igzæ dʒəreìt] v. 과장하다 ruthless [ru ːɵlis] a. 무정한, 무자비한 warrior [wɔ (ː)riəːr] n. 전사 ( 戰士 ) 대단히무자비한전사로서의칭기즈칸의명성은실제보다더나쁘다고할수있다. 우리의정보의대부분은흔히사실을왜곡하는당시의연대기작가에게서나온다. 아마도그들은자신들을고용한몽골사용주에의해서몽골사람들이적들에게더욱무섭게보이도록하기위해서잔혹함을과장하게되었을것이다. 03. 다음빈칸에들어갈가장적절한연결어를고르면? Our brain processes and stores different kinds of information in different ways. Think about factual knowledge. Fact memory entails learning explicit information, such as names, faces, words and dates. It is related to our conscious thoughts and our ability to manipulate symbols and language. When fact memories are committed to long-term memory, they are usually filed along with the context in which they were learned:, when you think of your new friend Joe, you probably picture him at the basketball game where you met him. 1 In short 3 Above all 2 For instance 4 In addition 03. 정답 2 빈칸이하는갑자기 you 가나와보편적이며일반적인사람을등장시켜예를들고있음을알수있다. 물론구체적인 Joe 라는사람, 그리고농구경기등을언급하고있는것만보더라도앞부분에대한예가된다는것을알수있다. factual [fæḱtʃuəl] a. 사실의, 사실에입각한 entail [enteíl] vt. 일으키다, 수반하다 explicit [iksplísit] a. 뚜렷 ( 이말 ) 한, 명백한 manipulate [mənípjəleìt] v. 조종하다, 다루다, 조작하다 우리의뇌는여러다양한방법으로다양한종류의정보를처리하고저장한다. 사실적지식에대해생각해보라. 사실기억은이름, 얼굴, 단어들그리고날짜와같은구체적인정보를습득하는것을수반한다. 그것은우리의의시적인사고와상징그리고언어를조작할수있는우리의능력과관련이있다. 사실기억이장기기억에역점을둘때이들기억은대개이들기억이학습된상황과더불어보존된다. 예를들어당신이당신의새친구인조를생각할때당신은아마도당신이그를만난농구경기와더불어그를그리게될것이다. 04. 문맥상빈칸에들어갈가장적절한것은? As incredible as it sounds, there are some species of insects that will themselves to protect their nests. When faced with an intruder, the Camponotus cylindricus ant of Borneo will grab onto the invader and squeeze itself until it explodes. The ant s abdomen ruptures, releasing a sticky yellow substance that will be lethal for both the defender and the attacker, permanently sticking them together and preventing the attacker from reaching the nest. 1 commit 3 expose 2 replace 4 sacrifice 04. 정답 4 빈칸바로다음에 squeeze itself until it explodes 라고하거나 The ant's abdomen ruptures 라고하는것으로볼때물론 lethal 이라는단어를통해서 sacrifice 가답이라는것을알수있다. 문두에빈칸이있는경우는주제를묻는다는것을더불어잊지말자. as+ 형용사 +as S+V ~ 라할지라도 be faced with ~ 에직면하다 intruder [intru ːdər] n. 침입자 grab onto ~ 을붙잡고늘어지다 squeeze [skwiːz] v. 꽉쥐다, 쥐어짜다 abdomen [æ bdəmən] n. 배, 복부 믿을수없는것처럼들리지만둥지를보호하기위해서자신을희생하는곤충도있다. 침입자와마주하게되면보르네오의 Camponotus cylindricus 개미는침입자에달라붙어자신을짓눌러결국터지고만다. 개미의복부가터져방어하는자와침입자모두에게치명적인끈끈한노란물질을방출해서이들을영원히서로달라붙게해서공격자가자신의소굴로가는것을막는다. - 1 -
한덕현교수 2 쪽 05. 문맥상빈칸에들어갈가장적절한것을고르면? E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Thus, tens of millions of computers, TVs and cell phones are each year. 1 efficient documented 3 fascinating reused 2 obsolete - discarded 4 identical - thrown 05. 정답 2 빈칸바로뒤에서더욱새로운것을살수밖에없게된다는것은결국기존의물건들이쓸모없게되기때문이고이는결국많은전자제품이버려지는것을의미한다. leave A with B A 에게 B 를맡기다 keep up 따라잡다 obsolete [ɑ bsəlíːt] a. 쓸모없이 [ 못쓰게 ] 된, 구식의 discard [diskɑ ːrd] v. 버리다 전자쓰레기가전에결코본적이없는규모로만들어지고있다. 컴퓨터와다른전자기기가불과몇년만에쓸모없게되어고객들이뒤지지않기위해서어쩔수없이더욱새로운것을사게만들고있다. 따라서수천만대의컴퓨터 TV 그리고휴대전화가해마다버려지고있다. 08. Perhaps the brightest spot in the contemporary landscape of American higher education is the resurgence of interest in engaging students in civic life beyond campus. 1 comeback 3 motivation 2 disappearance 4 paucity 08. 정답 1 resurgence [resə ːrdʒəns] n. 부활, 재기 engage A in B A 를 B 에임하게하다 paucity [pɔ ːsəti] n. 소수, 소량 아마도미국고등교육의현대모습가운데가장두드러진점은학생들이대학을벗어난시민으로서의삶에임하도록하게하는데대한관심의부활이다. 09. 밑줄친부분중어법상가장옳지않은것은? He acknowledged that 1 the number of Koreans were forced 2 into labor 3 under harsh conditions in some of the locations 4 during the 1940's. 다음중밑줄친단어와뜻이가장가까운것은? (06~08) 06. Parents must not give up on kids who act rebellious or seem socially awkward; this is a normal stage most youngsters go through and eventually outgrow. 1 passive 2 delirious 3 disobedient 4 sporadic 09. 정답 1 1 the number of 를 a number of 로해야한다. 이어지는복수동사 were 를통해서복수취급을하는 a number of 가있어야하기때문이다. 2 force+ 목적어 +into ~ 구조가수동이된것이다. 3 특별한의미는없는보기다. 4 during 을사용해서특정의기간인 ~ 동안 을표현하였고 ~ 년대 의표시방법인 년대 s 표기법도바르게되어있는것이다. 그는많은한국사람들이 1940 년대일부지역에서혹독한상황에서노동을강요당했다는사실을인정했다. 06. 정답 3 give up on 포기하다 outgrow [aùtgroú] v. 성장하여 ( 습관 취미등을 ) 벗어나다 rebellious [ribeĺjəs] a. 반항적인, 고집센 delirious [dilíriəs] a. 헛소리하는. 기뻐서흥분한 disobedient [dìsəbíːdiənt] a. 순종치않는 sporadic [spəræ dik] a. 때때로일어나는 (occasional), 산발적인 부모들은반항하거나또는사회적응을잘못하는자녀들을포기해서는안된다. 이것은대부분의아이들이겪는그리고궁극적으로벗어나게되는정상적인단계이기때문이다. 10. 다음대화에서어법상가장옳지않은것은? Ann : Your hair 1 looks nice. Tori : I 2 had it cut by the tall hairdresser in the new hair salon next to the cafeteria. Ann : Not that place where I 3 got my head stuck in the drier? Tori : 4 Must be, I suppose. Yes, that one. Ann : Huh, and they still let them open. 07. He was born to a wealthy family in New York in 1800 s. This circumstance allowed him to lead a prodigal existence for much of his life. 1 perjury 3 pernicious 2 unstable 4 lavish 07. 정답 4 prodigal [prɑ digəl] a. 낭비하는, 방탕한, 풍부한 perjury [pə ːrdʒəri] n. 위증 pernicious [pəːrníʃəs] a. 유해한 그는 1800 년대에뉴욕의부유한가정에서태어났다. 이런상황으로하여금그는삶의대부분을호화롭게지낼수있었다. - 2-10. 정답 3 1 look 이감각동사로서다음에형용사보어를취한것은옳다. 2 사역동사 have 가 have+ 목적어 +pp 의구조를이룬것이옳은지묻고있다. 목적어 it 과 cut 의의미관계가수동이므로당연히과거분사 cut 을사용하였다. 3 get+ 목적어 +to v 구조와 get+ 목적어 +pp 의구조를구분하라는문제다. 즉목적어 my head 와 stick 의의미관계가수동이므로과거분사 stuck 으로해야한다는것을보여주는문제다. 4 추측을나타내는조동사 must 의용법을묻는다고볼수있다. Ann: 머리가좋아보인다. Tori: 카페테리아옆에새로생긴미장원에서키가큰미용사한테잘랐어. Ann: 내머리를드라이기에달라붙게한거기아니야? Tori: 그럴거야. 내생각에는. 그래바로거기야. Ann: 흥그러고도여전히장사를하네.
한덕현교수 3 쪽 어법상빈칸에들어가기에가장적절한것은? (11~12) 11. Creativity is thinking in ways that lead to original, practical and meaningful solutions to problems or new ideas or forms of artistic expression. 1 that generate 3 to be generated 2 having generated 4 being generated 11. 정답 1 or 를통해서문제를해결해야한다. 즉 A or B 의구조에서 A, B 는구조와역할이동일해야한다는것을아는지묻고있다. 빈칸에들어갈단어가동사를포함하고있으므로앞에동사즉 lead 가있는데바로이와동일한형태를이끌도록해야한다. 결국 that lead~ 로되어있으므로 that generate 가답이된다. 창의력은문제에대한창의적이며현실적이고의미있는해결방법으로이어지는또는새로운아이디어나새로운형태의예술적표현을일으키는방식으로사고하는것이다. 14. 다음글을문맥에맞게순서대로배열한것은? ᄀ Rosa Parks was arrested, jailed, convicted and fined. She refused to pay. Her experience set off a 382-day boycott of Montgomery city buses. ᄂ According to the segregation laws of the day, Rosa Parks, an African American, was required to sit in the back of the bus. She was accused of encroaching on the whites-only section, and the bus driver tried to convince her to obey the law. ᄃ Instead, Rosa Parks kept both her mien and her seat. At last, the driver warned her that he would send for the police. Go ahead and call them. Parks answered. ᄅ On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks took a city bus home from her job at a store in downtown Montgomery, Alabama. 1 ᄂ - ᄀ - ᄅ - ᄃ 3 ᄂ - ᄃ - ᄅ - ᄀ 2 ᄅ - ᄃ - ᄀ - ᄂ 4 ᄅ - ᄂ - ᄃ - ᄀ 12. It was when I got support across the board politically, from Republicans as well as Democrats, I knew I had done the right thing. 1 who 3 whose 2 whom 4 that 12. 정답 4 단순하게강조구문을묻고있다. 즉강조구문은 it is ~ that 의구조를지니게되므로당연히답은 that 이된다. 내가올바른일을했다는것을알게된것은바로정치적으로민주당뿐만아니라공화당으로부터전폭적으로지원을받았을때였다. 14. 정답 4 이글은시간대별로이야기가전개된글이다. 따라서먼저연도가언급되어있는ᄅ을먼저두는것이옳겠다. 이야기의시작을알리기때문이다. 다음으로ᄂ의버스에서일어난일그리고ᄃ의 Instead 를통해서ᄂ의내용과는대조되는즉ᄂ에서 법을준수하라 는것과대조되는내용인ᄃ이다음으로오게된다. 마지막으로체포되어불매운동의시발점이되었다는이야기의결론이마지막에오게된다. convict [kənvíkt] vt. ~ 의유죄를입증하다, 유죄를선언하다 set off 촉발시키다 segregation laws 인종차별법 segregation [se grigeíʃ-ən] n. 분리, 격리 accuse A of B A 를 B 의혐의로고발하다 encroach on ~ 을침해하다 convince+ 목적어 +to v ~ 에게 하도록설득하다 1955 년 12 월 1 일로사파크스는앨라배마주몽고메리시내한가게에서일을마치고집으로돌아가는버스를탔다. 당시인종차별법에따르면흑인이었던로사파크스는버스뒤쪽에앉아야했다. 그녀는백인전용구역을침범한행위로인해비난을당했고그버스기사는그녀에게법을준수할것을설득하려했다. 대신에로사파크스는자신의자세를그리고자신의자신을그대로유지했다. 마침내그버스기사는그녀에게그가경찰을부르겠다고경고했다. 어서전화하세요. 라고파크스는대답했다. 로사파크스는체포되어수감되었고기소를당해벌금을부과받았다. 그녀는벌금내기를거부했다. 그녀가겪은일이 382 일단의몽고메리시버스보이콧운동을촉발시켰다. 13. 문맥상빈칸에들어갈가장적절한것은? Usually several skunks live together; however, adultmale striped skunks are during the summer. 1 nocturnal 3 predatory 2 solitary 4 dormant 13. 정답 2 빈칸앞의 however 를통해서답을고르라는문제. 빈칸앞에서 together 라고했으므로이와대조되는 solitary 가정답이된다. nocturnal [nɑktə ːrnl] a. 밤의, 야간의 predatory [pre dətɔ ːri] a. 약탈하는 dormant [dɔ ːrmənt] a. 잠자는 대개일부스컹크들은함께살지만그러나다자란수컷줄무늬스컹크는여름에는혼자지낸다. 15. 다음글의분위기로가장어울리는것은? As Ryan Cox was waiting to pay for his coffee order at an Indiana, US fast food drive-through, he decided to try something he d seen on a TV news show he paid for the coffee order of the driver in the car behind. The small gesture made the young Indianapolis entrepreneur feel great, so he shared his experience on Facebook. An old friend suggested that rather than paying for people s coffee, Ryan put that money towards helping school students pay off their delinquent school lunch accounts. So the following week Ryan visited his nephew s school cafeteria and asked if he could pay off some accounts, and handed over $100. 1 gloomy 2 serene 3 touching 4 boring - 3 -
한덕현교수 4 쪽 15. 정답 3 이글은글마지막에서알수있듯이선행을베푼라이언콕스에관한이야기다. delinquent [dilíŋkwənt] a. 직무태만의, 비행소년의, 체납되어있는 hand over 건네주다 라이언콕스는인디애나주의한미국패스트푸드드리이브스루식당에서자신의커피주문한것의값을치르려고기다리고있다가자신이 TV 뉴스에서본것을한번시험해보기로했다. 즉그가뒤에있는차의운전자의커피값을낸것이었다. 이런작은제스처가그젊은인디애나폴리스기업가가기분좋게만들었고그래서그는자신의경험을페이스북에공유했다. 한옛친구가사람들의커피값을지불하기보다는라이언이그돈을학교아이들이자신들의연체된학교급식비를내는것을도와주는방향으로하는게어떤지제안했다. 그래서다음주라이언은조카의학교구내식당을찾아급식비를낼수있는지묻고는 100 달러를건네주었다. 16. 아래글바로다음에이어질문장으로가장적절한것을고르면? The moon is different from the earth in many respects. First of all, there is no known life on the moon. And in terms of size, it is much smaller than the earth. You may think both of them have the same spherical shape. But strictly speaking, they are not the same. The moon is almost a perfect sphere; its diameter differs by no more than 1% in any direction. The faster an astronomical object spins, the more it becomes bulged at the equator and flattened at the poles. 1 So spinning objects undergo some changes of their shape, except for the moon and the earth. 2 Since the moon rotates more slowly than the earth, it is more nearly spherical. 3 Moreover, the moon s diameter has been varied for the last hundred years. 4 In fact, the moon s spherical shape is rather unexpected, considering its density and gravity. 16. 정답 2 빈칸바로앞에서회전속도와구의형태에관해언급하고있다. 이와같이속도와구의형태에관한내용을담고있는것은 2 가된다. in many respects 여러가지관점에서 in terms of ~ 의관점에서 spherical [sfeŕik-əl] a. 구 ( 球 ) 의, 구면의 strictly speaking 엄격히말해서 diameter [daiæḿitər] n. 직경, 지름 no more than 단지 in any direction 어느방향으로든 astronomical [æ strənɑḿik] a. 천문학 ( 상 ) 의 bulge [bʌldʒ] v. 부풀다, 불룩해지다 flatten [flæ tn] v. 평평하게하다 달은많은점에서지구와는다르다, 먼저달에는우리가알고있는생명체는없다. 그리고크기면에서달은지구보다훨씬더작다. 지구와달이모두같은구의형태를하고있을것으로생각할수도있다. 그러나엄밀히말하면이것들은같지가않다. 달은거의완벽한구의형태를하고있고지름은어느방향으로든불과 1% 밖에차이가나지않는다. 천체물체가빨리돌수록적도에서부풀리게되고극에이르면납작해진다. 달이지구보다느리게회전하기때문에구형에더욱가깝다. 17. 다음빈칸에들어갈가장적절한것을고르면? In the last twenty years the amount of time Americans have spent at their jobs has risen steadily. Each year the change is small, amounting to about nine hours, or slightly more than one additional day of work. In any given year such a small increment has probably been. But the accumulated increase over two decades is substantial. 1 dazzling 3 imperceptible 2 vulnerable 4 compulsory 17. 정답 3 빈칸이하의 substantial 과대조되는단어를고르는문제라고볼수있다. amount to ~ 에달하다 increment [ińkrəmənt] n. 증대, 증진 substantial [səbstæńʃəl] a. 실질적인, 많은 dazzling [dæźliŋ] a. 눈부신 vulnerable [vʌĺnərəbəl] a. 상처를입기쉬운, 비난 [ 공격 ] 받기쉬운 imperceptible [i mpərseṕtəbəl] a. 알아차릴수없을만큼의, 미세한 지난 20 년간미국인들이일에소비한시간의양이꾸준히증가했다. 해마다그변화는작아약 9 시간정도가되는데이는추가로하루보다조금더많은일을하는정도다. 어떤해에서든작은증가는아마도느낄수없는정도였을것이다. 그러나 20 년간누적된증가는상당하다. 다음빈칸에들어갈단어를순서대로고르면? (18~19) 18. The country with the highest rate of crime in the world is Vatican City, with 1.5 crimes per resident. However, this high ratio is due to the country s tiny population of only around 840 people. It is likely that the vast majority of the crimes, which consist mainly of pick-pocketing and shop-lifting, are by outsiders. The Vatican has a special police force with 130 members responsible for criminal investigation, border control and protection of the pope. There is no prison in Vatican City, with the exception of a few detention cells to hold criminals before trial. The majority of criminals are by Italian courts. 1 manipulated sealed 3 committed tried 2 dominated - overruled 4 conducted - enforced 18. 정답 3 첫번째빈칸은 범죄를저지르다 고할때의 commit 가들어가며두번째빈칸은 재판하다 의 try 가들어간다. detention [diteńʃən] n. 구류, 구금 shoplifting 들치기 pickpocketing 소매치기 manipulate [mənípjəleìt] v. 조종하다, 조작하다 overrule [oùvəru ːl] vt. 지배하다 세계에서가장범죄율이높은나라는 Vatican Cityd 인데일인당 1.5 건의범죄가발생한다. 그러나이런높은비율은이나나라가불과약 840 명정도의적은인구때문이다. 아마도주로소매치기들치기로구성된범죄의대부분은이방인들에의해저질러지는것같다. 이 Vatican 은 130 명으로구성된특수경찰력이범죄조사, 국경순찰그리고교황의보호를담당하고있다. 이 Vatican City 에는감옥도없고예외적으로재판전에범죄자를수용하는몇개의유치장만이있다. 대부분의범죄자들은이태리법원에서재판을받는다. - 4 -
한덕현교수 5 쪽 19. Albert Einstein s general theory of relativity is about to celebrate its 100th anniversary, and his revolutionary hypothesis has the test of time, despite numerous expert attempts to find. Einstein changed the way we think about the most basic things, which are space and time. And that opened our eyes to the universe, and how the most interesting things in it work, like black holes. 1 withstood flaws 3 wasted examples 2 resisted - proofs 4 squandered - pitfalls 19. 정답 1 먼저아인슈타인의일반상대성이론에대해긍정적으로언급하고있음을알면답은쉽게찾을수있다. 특히빈칸가운데위치한 despite 를통해서도답을찾을수가있다. 즉 despite 는서로대조가되는것이라는사실을잊지말자. 따라서 흠집을찾으려는노력에도불구하고테스트를잘견뎌냈다 고이해할수있겠다. squander [skwɑńdəːr] v. ( 시간 돈따위를 ) 낭비하다 pitfall [pítfɔ ːl] n. ( 사람 동물등을잡는 ) 함정 앨버트아인슈타인의일반상대성이론이이제 100 주년을맞이하게될것이며흠집을찾으려는수많은전문가들의시도에도불구하고그의혁명적인가설이세련의시련을견녀냈다. 아인슈타인은공간과시간이라는가장근본적인것에대해우리가생각하는방식을바꾸었다. 그리고그것이우주에눈을뜨게해주었고어떻게그안에서블랙홀같은가장흥미로운것들이작동하는지에대해서도알게해주었다. 20. 다음글의목적으로가장적절한것은? Casa Heiwa is an apartment building where people can learn some important life skills and how to cope with living in a new environment. The building managers run a service that offers many programs to children and adults living in the building. For the children, there is a day-care center that operates from 7 a.m. until 6 p.m. There are also educational programs available for adults including computer processing and English conversation courses. 1 to argue for a need for educational programs 2 to recruit employees for an apartment building 3 to attract apartment residents toward programs 4 to recommend ways to improve the living standard 20. 정답 3 이글은각종프로그램을제공하는 Casa Heiwa 라는아파트를소개하고있다. 결국이와같은아파트를소개한다는것을이런프로그램을이용하도록아파트사람들에게알리고이들을이런프로그램으로유도하려고하는것임을알수있다. 간단히보기에서만보면 1 argue 와관련해서생각할수없는지문이며또한 2 recruit 와도무관하며 4 생활수준향상방법도이글과는무관하다고할수있다. Casa Heiwa 는사람들이중요한삶의기술을배우고새로운환경에서살아가는방법을배우는아파트이다. 이건물관리자는이건물의아이들과성인들에게많은프로그램을제공하는서비스를운영한다. 아이들의경우아침 7 시부터저녁 6 시까지운영하는탁아소가있다. 또한컴퓨터프로세싱과영어회화과정을포함한성인등이이용할수있는교육프로그램도있다. - 5 -