강의록 1 Spring Semester, 2017 Energy and Future Society 에너지와미래사회 Lecturer: 홍성안 GIST, 062-715-5321 sah@gist.ac.kr
Course Outline 에너지융합추세와신기후체제에대응하여지속가능에너지시스템의핵심기술인에너지변환 / 저장 / 전력변환및전송 / 기기제어의중요성과기술적, 정책적이슈를소개한다. 또한이를통한산업, 교통 / 수송, 주거환경관련에너지원의변화에대해소개하고, 이러한기술이미래수송수단 ( 일반전기차, 수소전기차 ), 드론, 로봇, 스마트기기, 사물인터넷및일상생활을어떻게바꿔나갈지에대해소개한다. As energy fusion era and new climate regime come, the importance of energy conversion/storage /power converter and transmission/machine control which are core technologies of sustainable energy system, and furthermore their technology and policy issues will be introduced. As a result, it will be discussed how these technologies change the energy mix in the industry, transportation, and residential environment in the future, and also change the future transportation systems (pure electric vehicles and hydrogen electrical vehicles) and home appliances such as drones, robots, smart devices, and internet of things.
Course Introduction Course Objective Introduction of both the importance of future energy and graduate program of energy technology in GIST Prerequisites: None Course materials: E-mail by class representative Grading (1 credit): Instructor: Team teaching by faculty member of IIT, GIST
Weekly Course Schedule Weekly Course Schedule (1~7 weeks) Week Date Description *Remarks 1st 3/9 Introduction to Future Energy Society (Seong A. Hong) 1.5 hrs 2nd 3/16 Energy Conversion and Fuel Cell (Chanho Pak) 1.5 hrs 3rd 3/23 Energy Storage and Battery (Hyeong J. Kim) 1.5 hrs 4th 3/30 No lecture 5th 4/6 Wireless Power Transfer (Chun T. Rim) 1.5 hrs 6th 4/13 Sustainable Energy System (Seong A. Hong) 1.5 hrs 7th 4/20 Solar Power Perspectives (Jae H. Jang) 1.5 hrs Weekly Course Schedule (8~16 weeks) Week Date Description *Remarks 8th 4/27 No Mid-term exam 9th 5/4 No lecture 10th 5/11 Power Electronics Perspectives (Yong S. Park) 1.5 hrs 11th 5/18 Future Transportations and Electric Vehicles (Invited Lecturer) 1.5 hrs 12th 5/25 Smart grid and Renewable Energies (Jin H. Kim) 1.5 hrs 13th 6/1 Future Strategy for Sustainable Society (Chun T. Rim) 1.5 hrs 14th 6/8 15th 6/15 16th 6/22 Final Report (The Future of Energy)
Instructors Name Phone E-mail Office 홍성안 (Seong Ahn Hong) 010-5419-5271 sah@gist.ac.kr C-10 305 박찬호 010-2254-2788 chanho.pak@gist.ac. kr C-10 308 김형진 010-7134-0744 hjkimc@gist.ac.kr C-10 307 장재형 010-3017-2209 jjang@gist.ac.kr C-10 509 임춘택 010-8525-1720 ctrim@gist.ac.kr C-10 304 박용순 010-7180-1535 yongsoon@gist.ac.kr C-10 314 김진호 C-10 306
Overview of Energy Technology What is Energy? Energy Issues New Climate change Regime Sustainable Energy System Introduction of Hydrogen Energy Society
10 Important challenges Facing Humanity Today
물로자동차를움직이는기술 매연배출 1 2 3 석유 가솔린직류교류내연기관 제어기 감속모터기모터 구동 : 엔진대신전기모터 연료 : 수소가스 동력원 : 연료전지에서생성된전기 배기 : 수증기 ( 무공해 ) H 2 O + 전기 H 2 + O 2 수증기배출 1 2 3 수소직류물연료전지 교류 감속모터기모터 제어기 공기 공기공급기
What is Energy? Richard Feynman, It is important to realize that in modern physics today, we have no knowledge of what energy is. Scientific definition of Energy is very different from that used in common life : capability to do work.
What is Energy? If we don t have electricity in our common life? If supply of natural gas is disconnected at home? If we utilize wind power efficiently as energy resource?
What is Energy? Fossil fuels such as coal (Bituminous), oil, and natural gas consist of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). C + O 2 2H 2 + O 2 CO 2 + Heat 2H 2 O + Heat CH 4 + 2O 2 C 3 H 8 + 5O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O 3CO 2 +4H 2 O
Definition of Energy Engineering Energy : the capacity or capability to do work : 그리스어에네르게이아 (energeria) En(inside) + ergon(work) Engineering: Science / Technology + Money The application of science and technology by which the properties of matter and the sources of energy in nature are made useful to people in structures, machines, products, systems, and processes.
How to generate electricity? Steam Power Generation / Fossil Fuel Hydro Power, Wind Power, Photovoltaic / Renewables Nuclear Power / Uranium Fuel Cell Power Generation / Hydrogen
전기는어떻게만들어지나? 화석연료 화력발전 버너보일러터빈발전기 화학에너지열에너지기계적에너지전기에너지
전기는어떻게만들어지나? 수력발전 풍력발전
전기는어떻게만들어지나? 원자력발전
부족한에너지 석탄 : 231 년 석유 : 43 년
부족한에너지 천연가스 : 62 년 우라늄 : 72 년
화석연료의유한성 에너지문명 화석에너지시대 신. 재생에너지 석유 석탄, 중질유 천연가스 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 YEAR
없어서는안될석유
국내에너지현황 세계 10 대에너지소비국 (229.3 MTOE) 세계 5 위석유수입국 세계 2 위천연가스수입국 주요에너지수입현황 석유, 천연가스, 석탄 $66.7 조원 국내총수입액의 25.5% 높은해외의존도 (97 %) 석유의존도 (77 %) 중동의존도 (77 %) 독점공기업의한비효율성 환경문제와조화소홀 에너지多消費形산업구조 / 소비구조 총수입액중에너지수입액비중 (%) 추이 에너지소비 석탄 : 84 MT 석유 : 761 M bbl LNG: 23 MT 원자력 : 147 TWh 전력생산 수력 : 1.7 % 원자력 : 39 % 석탄 : 38 % 석유 : 8 % 가스 : 13 % ('00)23.6 ('01)24.0 ('02)22.1 ('03)21.4 ('04)22.1 ('05)25.5
화석연료이용과환경문제 대기오염 / 미세먼지 산성비 수질오염과토양오염 지구온난화문제
화석연료이용과환경문제 대기오염 산성비
화석연료이용과환경문제 수질오염과토양오염 지구온난화문제
온도를따뜻하게유지하는예 낮에유리로된온실이나비닐하우스에 들어가면바깥보다따뜻하다. 여름에자동차의문을닫고한참뒤에열 어보면온도가높이올라가있다.
온도효과
온실효과를일으키는주요기체 : 수증기, 이산화탄소, 메탄, 이산화질소, 프레온
지구온도의상승
지구온난화의영향
한반도에미치는기후변화의영향
파리협정타결의의미
新기후체제기반 : INDCs
한국의 Post-2020 온실가스감축목표
글로벌온실가스감축시나리오및감축수단 (IEA)
Concentrate on 10 core technologies 기후변화적응 10 대기술 태양전지 수소및연료전지 바이오연료 이차전지 전력IT CCS 부생가스자원화 이산화탄소전환 이산화탄소광물화 기후변화적응기술 35
Fundamental Questions for Future Energy Can we afford to stop burning fossil fuels or at least reduce their consumption? Is it wise to develop nuclear energy? Can renewable energies supply us with all the energy we need? Will it be possible for all Earth s inhabitants to reach the standard of living of developed countries without devastating the planet? To what extent is well-being or, even happiness, related to energy consumption? Will decreasing resources lead to a destructive collapse of economy or can we manage to descend without too much damage? Is it possible to reach the goal of ecological sustainability? Can scientists find any new energy source capable of replacing fossil fuels? Will science and technology alone take us to where we need to be in the next few decades?
지속가능에너지체계 (Sustainable Energy System) 미래세대의필요를충족시키기위한잠재력을훼손하지않으면서현재의 필요를충족시키는에너지체계 경제성장 환경친화적 지속가능에너지체계 비고갈성에너지 ( 재생에너지 ) 에너지기술의 mix
Economic Growth & Ecological Sustainability Supply Side The use of fossil fuels with CCS (Carbon Capture & Storage) Expansion of nuclear energy with next generation power plants Renewable energy sources (Solar, wind geothermal, ocean, biofuels etc) Demand Side Saving energy Enhancement of process efficiency Electric vehicles / Hydrogen electric vehicles Development of hydrogen economy
연료전지란? 연료 전기 연료전지 공기 열 물
연료전지원리 Catho d e Ano d e Electro lyte Air Anode : H 2 2H + + 2e - Cathode : 1/2 O 2 + 2H + + 2e - H 2 O Fuel Gas Electricity Total : H 2 + 1/2 O 2 H 2 O 단위전지 Heat Water 적층 서브스택스택연료전지발전소
연료전지의장단점 기존화력발전의발전방식 화학에너지 열에너지기계에너지전기에너지 연료전지의발전방식 화학에너지 전기에너지 고효율 무공해 무소음 다연료 모듈화용이 열병합가능
에너지원및에너지변환장치의변천 나무에너지시대 탄소 증기기관 (c) 석탄에너지시대 내연기관 zero 석유에너지시대 수소에너지시대 연료전지
수소경제와연료전지 과도기 ( 현재 ) 열화학분해 원자력 고온전기분해 장기 화석연료 천연가스 석탄 석유 / 잔사유 수증기개질 열분해 가스화 물 전기분해 풍력 태양광 광분해 생물학적분해 대체에너지 발전소제철소 CO 2 수소 유기성폐기물 화학적수소저장 (CO 2 활용 ) 물리적수소저장 ( 합금, LH 2, CNT, 고압가스 ) 연료전지 발전용가정용수송용휴대용
도심형분산발전 [ 경기그린에너지 ] 신재생에너지최초로국가전력안정화에기여 ( 13.11 준공 ) 화성시 (52만명, 20만가구 ) 소요전력의 35% 공급 (18만명, 7만가구 ) 소재지 : 경기도화성시발안공단내 설치규모 : 연료전지 58.8MW 부지면적 : 5,716평
수소전기차원리
투싼 (ix35) 연료전지차 & 연료전지버스사양
수소연료전지차개발효과
Themodynamics and Heat energy Heat: a form of energy Quantity of Heat (Q) 1calorie: heat to raise 1g of water through 1 o C 1BTU (British thermal Unit): 1pound (1b)of water through 1 o F Quantity of Energy (cgs unit) 1erg: 질량 1g인물체에 1cm/sec² 의가속도를줄수있는힘으로 1cm 움직일때일의양 (1g cm²/sec²) 1Joule = 10 7 erg Mechanical equivalent of heat 1cal = 4.186J, 1BTU = 252cal
Ideal Heat Engine (heat-work converter) Efficiency Q H Q L = W (1 st law of thermodynamics) n = output/input= W/QH = 1- Q L / Q H
diesel engine~35% Ideal Heat Engine (heat-work converter) 2 nd law of thermodynamics: no system in a closed cycle can convert all the heat from a heat reservoir into the same amount of work Carnot efficiency (theoretical maximum efficiency) (Carnot cycle) n carn = 1 - T L /T H T: absolute temperature (K) e.g., 600 o C fluid to 100 o C via mechanical work converter max. efficiency = 1-373/873= 57.3% Practical heat engine: most efficient engine~2/3 of Carnot efficiency, automobile petrol engine~25%,
Power Power: the time rate of doing work or of expending energy Power = energy/time = work/time Unit: watt (W) = J/s 1horsepower(HP)=746W Power ratings of various devices & animals - 10 18 W solar power input to earth - 10 12 W electricity capacity in USA(2000) - 10 9 W large electric power plant - 10 7 W train - 10 5 W automobile - 1000W horse - 100W man/woman resting - 0.1~1W Si solar cell - 0.01W human heart
Power 에너지사용단위 : TOE (ton of oil equivalent) - 약 10,000kcal/ 원유kg :10,000,000kcal - 약 11,600 kwh 1barrel=42 gallons ~ 0.136TOE ~159L
신재생에너지를이용한전기분해수소생산
물로가는차