한수지 48(6), 839-848, 05 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(6),839-848,05 Response Surface Methodology 를이용한숭어 (Mugil cephalus) 반염건품의개발 박권현 허민수 김진수 * 아워홈식품사업부, 경상대학교식품영양학과, 경상대학교해양식품생명의학과 / 해양산업연구소 Development of Salted Semi-dried Common Gray Mullet Mugil cephalus using Response Surface Methodology Kwon Hyun Park, Min Soo Heu and Jin-Soo Kim Department of Food Division, Ourhome, Eumseong 7650, Korea Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 586, Korea Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea This study examined the optimal salting drying method and processing conditions (salt concentration, soaking time, dry temperature, and drying time) for preparing salted semi-dried common gray mullet (SSD-CGM) Mugil cephalus based on the moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance using response surface methodology (RSM). The moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance of SSD-CGM prepared with different salting methods revealed that dry salting was the optimal salting method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM. The optimal drying method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM based on the drying velocity and sensory color was hot air-blast drying. The results of the RSM program indicated that the optimal independent variables (, salt concentration;, soaking time;, dry temperature;, drying time) based on the dependent variables (Y, moisture content; Y, salinity;, overall acceptance) for high-quality SSD-CGM were 5.6% for,.7 h for, 47.0 C for, and 8.5 h for for uncoded values. The predicted values of Y, Y, and Y for SSD-CGM prepared under optimal conditions were 54.4%, 3 4.%, and 6.3, respectively, while the experimental values were 55.±.0%, 4.±0.3% and 6.7±0.8. The actual and predicted values did not differ. Key words: Salted semi-dried fish, Common gray mullet, Mugil cephalus, Response surface methodology, RSM 서론 butterfly type, drawn type (Joo, 0)., (Heu et al., 04).,,..,,, (Song et al., 005), (Park, 0) http://dx.doi.org/0.5657/kfas.05.0839 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(6) 839-848, December 05 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 6 August 05; Accepted 7 September 05 *Corresponding author: Tel: +8. 55. 77. 946 Fax: +8. 55. 77. 949 E-mail address: jinsukim@gnu.ac.kr Copyright 05 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 839 pissn:0374-8, eissn:87-885
840 박권현ㆍ허민수ㆍ김진수.,,,,. 004 8,03 M/T, 005,448 M/T, 006 8,835 M/T, 007,3 M/T, 008 8,48 M/T, 009 6,78 M/T, 00 6,587 M/T, 0 6,9 M/T, 0 4,75 M/T, 03 3,68 M/T, 04,890 M/T, (Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Information Service, 05).,,., (Park, 0), (Heu et al., 0)... (response surface methodolpogy, RSM), (Rafieian et al., 0, Gontard et al., 99).,,,,. (Lee et al., 997) (Cho et al., 005).,.. Lee and Park (985) partial freezing, Cho et al. (988, 989), Celik et al. (0), Kim et al. (009) (Mugil cephalus),.. 재료 재료및방법 (Mugil cephalus) 30-34 cm, 489-68 g.. 반염건숭어의제조를위한최적염지방법과건조방법의구명,,.,., 0%, 0%, 0% 6%, 8%. ( ) (0 ), (50 8 ).,., 0% ( 8% ) (0 ), ( 6 ), (8 8 ) (40 8 ).
숭어반염건품의개발및특성 84 반응표면분석법을이용한반염건숭어의최적염지및건조조건설정 ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ),.. (central composite design) (X i ) Table (-0 %), (-5 ), (30-70 ) (4- ) 5 7 (Table ). 4 center point value. (Y n ),, 3. statistical analysis system (SAS) program MINITAB program Maple software. 수분함량, 염도및종합적기호도 Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC (995). 5 (w/v),, (Istek model 460CP, Seoul, Korea). 9. 5, 4-, 6-9 9. 통계처리 SAS system (Cary, NC, USA) Table. Code level of independent variables in experimental design for preparing salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus Independent variable Symbol Range levels - - 0 + + Salt conc. (%) 4 6 8 0 Salt time (h) 3 4 5 Drying temp. ( ) 30 40 50 60 70 Drying time (h) 4 6 8 0 Table. Central composite design and responses of dependent variables for salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus to independent variables No. (%) Salt conc. (ANOVA test), Duncan (Duncan's multiple range test) P<0.05. 염처리방법 Independent variables (h) Soaking time ( ) Drying temp. 결과및고찰 (h) Drying time - - - - - - - 3 - - - 4 - - 5 - - - 6 - - 7 - - 8-9 - - - 0 - - - - - 3 - - 4-5 - 6 7-0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0-4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 Coefficients assessed by Fractional factorial design (6 points) Star points (8 points) Central points (3 points),,
84 박권현ㆍ허민수ㆍ김진수 Table 3. 57.8% 4.%, 6.% 3.6%, 6.0% 3.4%,,.. 7.9, (6.4 ).,. 건조방법,.,, (Kim et al., 000). Table 3. Moisture content, salinity and overall point of salted semidried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus as affected by salting methods Table 4. Moisture content and sensory color of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus as affected by drying methods Item Drying methods Sun Cold air-blast Hot air-blast Moisture (g/00 g) 7.8±0. b 7.±0.5 b 66.4±0. a Sensory color 5.0±0.0 b 3.0±0.0 c 6.0±0.0 a Different letters on the data indicate a significant difference at P<0.05. Item Dry salting Salting methods Modified brine salting Brine salting Moisture (%) 57.8±0. a 6.±0. c 6.0±0.8 b Salinity (%) 4. 3.6 3.4 Overall point 7.9±0.5 a 6.4±0.5 b 5.0±0.0 c Different letters on the data indicate a significant difference at P<0.05. (Table 4). butterfly type ( 6 ), (8 8 ) (40 8 ) 7.8% 5.0, 7.% 3.0,, 66.4% 6.0,.. 최적염지농도및건조조건 (butterfly type) ( ) ( ) Table 7, Table 5. (, ) (, ) MINITAB RSREG (response surface analysis by least-squares regression), 3 Maple software 3. (Y ) ( ) - +.5,, ( ), ( ) (-.68 +.68) (Fig. ). (Y ) ( ) - +.7. (Y ) ( ) ( ) -.68 +.68, ( ) - +.3, ( ) - +0.6 (Fig. ). ( ) ( ) - +0.6, ( ) - 0, ( ) - -0.36, ( ) - +0.35 (Fig. 3).
숭어 반염건품의 개발 및 특성 843 Fig.. Response surface plot for processing optimization of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus based on Y (moisture content, %). X (salt concentration, %); X (salting time, h); X3 (drying temperature, ); X4 (drying time, h). Fig.. Response surface plot for processing optimization of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus based on Y (salinity, %). X (salt concentration, %); X (salting time, h); X3 (drying temperature, ); X4 (drying time, h). 식염 침지 조건(식염 침지 농도 및 시간)과 건조 조건(건조시 간 및 온도)과 같은 독립변수에 따른 반염건 숭어의 수분함량 (Y), 염도(Y) 및 종합적 기호도(Y3)의 결과치(Table 5)를 이용 하여 MINITAB program을 구동하였다. MINITAB program 의 RSREG로 살펴 본 반염건 숭어의 수분 함량(Y), 염도(Y) 및 종합적 기호도(Y3)에 대한 일차항(linear; X, X), 이차항 (quadratic; X, X) 및 교차항(cross-product; XX)과 같은 여 러 가지 차 회귀방정식의 계수들과 이들의 유의성을 살펴 본 결과는 Table 6과 같고, 이들 계수를 이용하여 작성한 반응 모형 방정식은 다음과 같다. Y = 53.77-0.88X -0.07X -3.58X3 -.86X4 +0.9X -0.8X -0.7X3 +.X4-0.73XX -0.76XX3 +0.56XX4 +0.56XX3-0.66XX4-0.8X3X4 Y = 4.37 +0.53X +0.8X+0.5X3 +0.05X4-0.03X -0.08X +0.0X33-0.6X4 +0.03XX +0.05XX3-0.0XX3-0.06XX4 +0.04X3X4 Y3 = 6.7 +0.7X -0.0X -0.7X3 +0.5X4-0.47X -0.8X -0.38X3-0.36X4-0.0XX -0.07XX3-0.3XX4 +0.08XX3 +0.0XX4 +0.07X3X4
844 박권현ㆍ허민수ㆍ김진수 MINITAB program RSREG,,, (Kim et al., 00). MINITAB program RSREG (Y ), (Y ) ( ) (,,, ), (,,, ) (,,,,, ), P value (Y ) ( ) 0.00 0.03, 0.00, (Y ) 4 0.00 0.05 P<0.05, (Y ) ( ) 0.564 0.8 0.05. P value (Y ),, 3 0.038, 0.00 0.00, (Y ),, 3 0.005, 0.00 0.00, ( ),,, 4 0.00 0.05 P<0.05, (Y ) (Y ) 0.80 0.0 0.05. P value Table 5. Central composite design of dependent variables and responses of independent variables for preparing salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus No. (%) Salt conc. Coded levels of variable (h) Soaking time ( ) Drying temp. (h) Drying time Y (%) Moisture Response Y (%) Salinity (Score) Overall acceptance 4 40 6 60.6 3. 4.7 8 40 6 60.9 4. 5.3 3 4 4 40 6 6.6 3.7 4.6 4 8 4 40 6 59.0 4.7 5. 5 4 60 6 54.4 3.4 4.0 6 8 60 6 5.7 4.5 4.3 7 4 4 60 6 57.6 3.8 4. 8 8 4 60 6 5.0 5.0 4.5 9 4 40 0 55.6 3.4 5.3 0 8 40 0 58. 4.3 5.4 4 4 40 0 54.0 3.6 5.3 8 4 40 0 53.6 4.6 5.3 3 4 60 0 48.3 3.7 4.9 4 8 60 0 47.8 4.8 4.7 5 4 4 60 0 48.9 3.8 5. 6 8 4 60 0 45.5 5. 4.9 7 3 50 8 57.0 3. 3.5 8 3 50 8 5.6 5.3 4.9 9 6 50 8 5.0 3.7 4.5 0 6 5 50 8 53.8 4.4 5.4 6 3 30 8 57.9 4. 5. 6 3 70 8 43.6 4.7 4.0 3 6 3 50 4 63.8 3.6 4. 4 6 3 50 0 5.4 3.8 5. 5 6 3 50 8 53.8 4.4 6. 6 6 3 50 8 53.8 4.3 6.3 7 6 3 50 8 53.7 4.4 6.3
숭어반염건품의개발및특성 845 (Y ),,,, 5 0.00, 0.00, 0.003, 0.003 0.00, (Y ),,, 4 0.08, 0.00, 0.00 0.00 0.05 P<0.05, (Y ) (0.079), (Y ) (.000) (0.94), ( ) ( 0.799, 0.357, 0.093, 0.80, 0.799 0.357) 0.05.,,,, Fig. 3. Response surface plot for processing optimization of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus based on (overall acceptance, score). (salt concentration, %); (salting time, h); (drying temperature, ); (drying time, h). Table 6. Estimated coefficients of the fitted quadratic polynomial equation for different response for processing optimization of salted semidried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus based on t-statistic Y (Moisture, %) Y (Salinity, %) (Overall acceptance, Score) Coefficient P-value Coefficient P-value Coefficient P-value Intercept 53.77 0.00 4.37 0.00 6.7 0.00-0.88 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.7 0.03-0.07 0.564 0.8 0.00 0.0 0.8-3.58 0.00 0.5 0.00-0.7 0.00 -.86 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.5 0.00 0.9 0.038-0.03 0.005-0.47 0.00-0.8 0.80-0.08 0.00-0.8 0.00-0.7 0.00 0.0 0.0-0.38 0.00. 0.00-0.6 0.00-0.36 0.00-0.73 0.00 0.03 0.08-0.0 0.799-0.76 0.00 0.05 0.00-0.07 0.357 0.56 0.003-0.00.000-0.3 0.093 0.56 0.003-0.0 0.94 0.08 0.80-0.66 0.00-0.06 0.00 0.0 0.799-0.8 0.079 0.04 0.00 0.07 0.357 (salt concentration, %); (salting time, h); (drying temperature, ); (drying time, h).
846 박권현ㆍ허민수ㆍ김진수,, ( ) Table 7 (Shin et al., 0). (butterfly type) ANOVA Table 8. Table 7. Response surface model for processing optimization of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus Independent Quadratic polynomial model R P-value Y (Moisture, %) Y = 53.77-0.88-3.58 -.86 +0.9-0.7 +. -0.73-0.76 +0.56 +0.56-0.66 0.993 0.00 Y (Salinity, %) Y=4.37+0.53 +0.8 +0.5 +0.05-0.03-0.08-0.6 +0.03 +0.05-0.06 +0.04 0.998 0.00 (Overall acceptance, Score) Y=6.7+ 0.7-0.7 +0.5-0.47-0.8-0.38-0.36 0.90 0.00 (salt concentration, %); (salting time, h); (drying temperature, ); (drying time, h). Table 8. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for response of dependent variables (Y and Y ) for processing optimization of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus Independent Source DF SS MS F-value P-value Y (Moisture, %) Y (Salinity, %) (Overall acceptance, Score) Model 4 67.54 44. 8.87 0.00 Linear 4 5.76 30.69 38.8 0.00 Quadratic 4 59.0 4.75 43.0 0.00 Cross-product 6 35.76 5.96 7.4 0.00 Residual 4. 0.34 - - Lack of fit 0 4.0 0.4 3.03 0.008 Pure error 0.0 0.00 - - Total 6 6.65 - - - Model 4 9.07 0.64 488.69 0.00 Linear 4 8.6.04 546.4 0.00 Quadratic 4 0.73 0.8 37.93 0.00 Cross-product 6 0.4 0.0 7.37 0.00 Residual 0.0 0.00 - - Lack of fit 0 0.0 0.00 0.7 0.935 Pure error 0.0 0.00 - - Total 6 9.04 - - - Model 4.35 0.8 9.8 0.00 Linear 4 4.3.06.8 0.00 Quadratic 4 6.57.64 9.90 0.00 Cross-product 6 0.54 0.09.0 0.48 Residual 0.99 0.08 - - Lack of fit 0 0.98 0.0 9.5 0.033 Pure error 0.0 0.00 - - Total 6.34 - - -
숭어반염건품의개발및특성 847 P value (Y ), (Y ) ( ), 0.00 P<0.05, ( ) 0.48. (butterfly type) (Y ) ( ) (lack of fit test) P value 0.008 0.033 0.05, (R ) 0.993 0.90 model 0.00 0.05 (Zhou and Regenstein, 004). (Y ) P value 0.935 0.05, 0.998 model 0.00 0.05 (Y ) (Zhou and Regenstein, 004).,..,, -5%, 50-68% 5-9., MINITAB, 3.-5.3%, target 4.0%, 43.6-63.8%, target 54.0%, 5.0-6.3, target 6.3. Table 5 MINITAB Table 9. (54.0%) (coded value) -0.8, -0.0, -0.4 0., (uncoded value) 5.6%,.8, 48.0 7.5. 54.0%. (4.0%) -0.37, -0.39, 0.07-0.43, 5.3%,.6, 5.0 7.. 4.%. (6.3 ) 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 0.7, 6.0%, 3.0, 50.0 8.4. 6.3., -0.8, -0.35, 0.5-0.3, 5.6%,.7, 47.0 8.5. Table 9. Processing optimal conditions predicted for processing optimization of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus obtained by MINITAB program Dependent variables Y (Moisture, %) Y (Salinity, %) (Overall acceptance, Score) Mutiple response optimization Quadratic polynomial model Table 0. Predicted moisture content, salinity and overall acceptance and measured ones of salted semi-dried common gray mullet Mugil cephalus prepared under processing optimal conditions Dependent variables Critical value Coded Predicted values Uncoded -0.8 5.6-0.0.8 0. 48.0-0.4 7.5-0.37 5.3-0.39.6 0.07 5.0-0.43 7. 0.00 6.0 0.00 3.0 0.00 50.0 0.7 8.4-0.8 5.6-0.35.7-0.3 47.0 Predicted 54.0 4. 6.3 Y : 54.4 Y : 4. : 6.3 0.5 8.5 (salt concentration, %); (salting time, h); (drying temperature, ); (drying time, h); Y (moisture, %); Y (salinity, %); (overall acceptance, Score). Measured values Y (Moisture, %) 54.4 55.±.0 Y (Salinity, %) 4. 4.±0.3 (Overall acceptance, Score) 6.3 6.7±0.8
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