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3 1 11 1 23 1 23 2 25 2 ICT R&D 27 1 ICT 27 1. ICT 27 2. ICT 31 2 ICT R&D 36 1. ICT R&D ( ) 36 2. ( ) 41 3. ICT ( ) 45 3 ICT 49 1. 50 2. ICT 57 3 ICT R&D 68 1 ICT R&D 68 1. ICT R&D 68 2. ICT R&D 70

4 2 ICT R&D 72 1. ICT PCT 72 2. ICT PCT 74 4 ICT R&D 78 1 (Decomposition analysis) 78 1. 78 2. 84 2 ICT 85 1. 85 2. 90 3. ICT 95 3 98 1. (PCT) 98 2. R&D 100 3. 101 4. 106 4 107 1. 107 2. 116 3. 125 5 127 5 ICT R&D 130 1 130 1. 130 2. 133

5 2 136 1. ICT 136 2. 143 147

6 2 1 ICT 27 2 2 ICT 28 2 3 ICT 29 2 4 ICT 30 2 5 ICT 31 2 6 ICT 32 2 7 ICT 33 2 8 ICT 35 2 9 ICT R&D 38 2 10 R&D 41 2 11 ( ) 46 2 12 R&D 48 2 13 58 2 14 65 2 15 NPE 66 3 1 ICT R&D 69 3 2 7 ICT R&D 71 3 3 ICT PCT 73 3 4 PCT 10 74 3 5 ICT PCT 75 3 6 ICT PCT 76 4 1 87

7 4 2 IPC 90 4 3 FOS 44 92 4 4 FOS 44 93 4 5 OECD ICT 96 4 6 ICT 97 4 7 ICT 98 4 8 IPC FOS 99 4 9 ISIC rev.3.1-isic rev.4 ICT 104 4 10 KSIC ISIC rev.3.1 105 4 11 106 4 12 ICT 107 4 13 110 4 14 ICT (2000 ) 113 4 15 116 4 16 118 4 17 119 4 18 120 4 19 122 4 20 123 4 21 124 4 22 126 5 1 135 5 2 IP 144 5 3 145

8 2 1 28 2 2 29 2 3 31 2 4 ICT 33 2 5 ICT 34 2 6 ICT ( ) 41 2 7 42 2 8 3 43 2 9 ( ) 47 2 10 48 2 11 52 2 12 53 2 13 55 2 14 56 2 15 56 2 16 57 2 17 BIG-BANG Disruption 59 2 18 ICT (PCT ) 61 2 19 ICT (EPO ) 61 2 20 ICT 63 2 21 64

9 3 1 ICT 69 3 2 ICT 70 3 3 ICT R&D 72 3 4 ICT PCT 73 3 5 ICT 75 3 6 ICT PCT 77 4 1 ISIC rev.4-isic rev.3.1 103 4 2 108 4 3 109 4 4 112 4 5 113 4 6 115 4 7 ( ) 117 4 8 ( ) 118 4 9 ( ) 120 4 10 ( ) 121 4 11 () 122 4 12 ( ) 124 4 13 ( ) 125 4 14 ICT 127 5 1 132 5 2 133 5 3 A 137 5 4 B IPR 138

11 1. (mission-driven). R&D R&D. 5 1 2,438 (2013 ) 2.99, 830.. ICT ICT. ICT., ICT ICT. ICT PCT 1990 2008 3,594

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14. ICT R&D, ICT,., FOS. OECD,,,,,,, 8, 2000 2011,.,, 2000. 8 ICT. 5 2 4 ICT. 3. ICT 2001 2003 1.31 7.18% 2004 2008 0.5 22%, (2008 2011 ) 2008 2010. (2000 2011 ) (2011 2000 11.37% ).

15 1 ICT 1) ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 0.9869 1.9353 0.7053 1.1961 0.8889 0.6801 2001 2002 0.9282 1.7645 0.5329 0.9322 1.0783 0.9822 2002 2003 0.9749 1.0992 1.1238 0.8571 1.0270 0.8966 2003 2004 1.2208 1.5609 0.9883 0.7635 1.1206 0.9250 2004 2005 1.0260 1.0013 1.3876 0.9447 0.9617 0.8128 2005 2006 1.0184 1.1295 1.0640 1.0266 0.9863 0.8369 2006 2007 1.0058 1.1505 0.9517 1.0402 0.9713 0.9093 2007 2008 1.0582 1.2740 0.8823 1.0013 0.9575 0.9819 2008 2009 0.9366 1.0792 0.7681 0.9673 1.1510 1.0147 2009 2010 0.9602 0.9902 1.1775 0.8207 1.0408 0.9641 2010 2011 1.0213 1.0200 1.0148 1.0148 0.9631 1.0295 ICT ICT R&D, 2000 ICT. ICT ICT R&D. ICT R&D. ICT R&D 2004 2008 ICT 1) 1 1, 1., 1 ICT, 1 ICT. 1.

16 R&D ICT R&D. ICT ICT ICT. ICT Office machinery and computers ICT ICT. ICT R&D ICT. 2000 R&D ICT. 1 ICT.

17 ICT., ICT. ICT R&D,.,,. 2 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2008 1.2125 9.7121 0.5174 0.7371 0.9730 0.3364 2000 2008 1.8588 2.5985 0.6204 1.2868 0.7295 1.2283 2000 2008 1.3280 4.5218 0.5454 1.0911 0.6196 0.7965 2000 2008 1.1460 6.8314 0.4979 0.8408 0.5008 0.8002 2000 2008 1.0426 1.4328 1.5804 1.0052 0.5577 0.8213 2000 2007 1.1621 2.8890 1.3532 0.6074 0.4935 0.9918 2000 2007 0.7475 1.2485 0.5411 0.9713 0.9398 1.2121 2000 2006 2.6657 1.5495 0.8747 0.9291 1.1186 1.8924 ICT ICT R&D ICT

18. 1) 2). 1),.,,.,..,. 118.,., ( 99 2 ). 48

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2 ICT R&D 27 2 ICT R&D 1 ICT 1. ICT ICT 1990 GDP,,,. 2 1 ICT GDP ICT. ICT 2000 33.7% 2013 5.5%. GDP 3.0% ICT 2.8%., ICT 2013 0.5%p 2 1 ICT 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 GDP (%) 9.1 7.4 4.9 5.2 2.8 6.5 3.7 2.3 3.0 ICT (%) 33.7 17.5 18.3 10.2 9.4 12.5 8.6 3.1 5.5 ( ICT )(%) 6.7 6.7 3.5 4.6 2.4 5.8 2.3 2.3 2.8 GDP (%) 8.3 8.4 9.0 8.5 8.3 8.6 8.1 8.5 8.9 ICT (%p) 2.6 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.5 ICT (%) 28.2 19.2 31.0 17.1 27.6 16.1 20.1 11.5 15.9 : ICT GDP,. : (2014. 9. 12)

28 GDP 15.9%.,,, SW ICT 2013 37 8,000 (207 9,000 ) 18.2% ( 2 2 ). ICT 2 1 1990 2000 ICT, 2000 2 2 ICT ( :, %) 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 102.4 109.5 119.0 131.9 156.5 185.3 197.4 205.6 207.9 ICT 27.4 27.8 27.7 29.8 32.4 34.0 39.1 39.5 37.8 ( ) (26.8) (25.4) (23.3) (22.6) (20.7) (18.3) (19.8) (19.2) (18.2) ICT 75.0 81.7 91.3 102.1 124.1 151.3 158.3 166.1 170.2 ( ) (73.2) (74.6) (76.7) (77.4) (79.3) (81.7) (80.2) (80.8) (81.8) : 1), 2) ( ICT ) ICT : (2014. 9. 12) 2 1 ( : %) : (2014. 9. 12)

2 ICT R&D 29 ICT. ICT 2 2013 1.2%. ICT 2013 36 8,000 5.1%. ICT, ICT 2 2, 1990 ICT. 2010 9.3% 2013 1.0%. 2 3 ICT ( :, %) 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 341.4 423.2 450.0 509.9 579.1 636.7 679.1 707.6 728.9 ICT 24.5 29.0 28.9 31.1 33.5 35.6 37.3 37.8 36.8 (ICT ) (7.2) (6.9) (6.4) (6.1) (5.8) (5.6) (5.5) (5.3) (5.1) ICT 316.9 394.1 421.1 478.8 545.5 601.1 641.9 669.8 692.1 ( ICT ) (92.8) (93.1) (93.6) (93.9) (94.2) (94.4) (94.5) (94.7) (94.9) : (2014. 9. 12) 2 2 ( : %) : (2014. 9. 12)

30 ICT 2000. ICT 2000 2000. ICT 2000, 2013 ICT 440 9,000 2 885 9,000. 2 4 ICT ( :, %) ICT ICT ICT 2000 1,722.7 672.1 39.0 1,604.8 443.5 27.6 117.9 228.6 2001 1,504.4 526.7 35.0 1,411.0 355.4 25.2 93.4 171.3 2002 1,624.7 617.8 38.0 1,521.3 389.8 25.6 103.4 227.9 2003 1,938.2 759.0 39.2 1,788.3 461.1 25.8 149.9 297.9 2004 2,538.4 997.1 39.3 2,244.6 542.3 24.2 293.8 454.8 2005 2,844.2 1082.5 38.1 2,612.4 592.7 22.7 231.8 489.9 2006 3,254.6 1191.1 36.6 3,093.8 646.8 20.9 160.8 544.3 2007 3,714.9 1301.0 35.0 3,568.5 697.3 19.5 146.4 603.7 2008 4,220.1 1311.6 31.1 4,352.7 735.2 16.9 132.7 576.4 2009 3,635.3 1209.5 33.3 3,230.8 620.2 19.2 404.5 589.3 2010 4,663.8 1539.4 33.0 4,252.1 756.2 17.8 411.7 783.2 2011 5,552.1 1566.2 28.2 5,244.1 815.4 15.5 308 750.8 2012 5,478.7 1552.4 28.3 5,195.8 779.5 15.0 282.9 772.8 2013 5,596.5 1694.1 30.3 5,155.6 808.2 15.7 440.9 885.9 : ICT. : (2014. 3. 11)

2 ICT R&D 31 2 3 ( : %) : (2014. 3. 11),, ICT ICT 2000. 2. ICT ICT 2000 107 3,000 2012 264 4,000 7.8%, 2000 45 2,000 2012 119 7,000 8.4%. 2 5 ICT ( : ) 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 CAGR 107.3 113.3 148.4 155.3 182.0 262.7 264.6 264.4 7.80% 45.2 47.3 67.5 70.1 79.0 111.9 119.3 119.7 8.40% : ICT KSIC261, 262(26295 ), 263, 264, 265, 272, 29180 :

32 2 4, 2 5 ICT,,,,. ICT 2000 23.12% 2012 1.41%, 2000 14.63% 2012 0.94%. 2000 24.2% 2011 17.6% 2012 24.4%, 2000 35.9% 2012 33.6%. 2 6 ICT,,, ( : ) 1999 17615.3 971.7 21538.4 16310.4 18085.1 6247.9 1766.6 82616.3 2000 24823.6 1237.5 25955.7 21195.1 23841.5 7773.6 2521.9 107453.6 2001 22468.9 1283.8 17557.8 21106.4 26704.3 8176.6 2328.9 99724.0 2002 21022.9 1582.3 20451.5 25694.4 33409.1 8762.9 2442.3 113476.3 2003 18322.3 1612.3 23460.2 34019.4 36012.1 9053.3 2567.0 125169.1 2004 10644.6 1446.2 32442.2 46413.8 39753.8 14699.0 3046.2 148591.2 2005 6121.4 1544.0 32352.3 48515.6 44773.6 12216.7 3550.0 149219.2 2006 6215.2 1776.6 34552.8 52542.2 43941.0 12273.4 4095.0 155547.5 2007 5995.4 1758.3 37483.0 54716.7 49740.0 9343.2 4852.6 164048.3 2008 5792.0 1509.5 36363.9 61274.5 61902.0 9463.6 5748.9 182230.6 2009 6207.2 1809.5 40844.1 83674.0 69100.1 10050.9 5355.5 217252.9 2010 6708.6 1727.1 61401.1 102753.9 71623.5 10929.6 7559.8 262958.7 2011 7498.6 1861.5 61499.1 100700.0 77056.4 7142.7 8936.6 264950.6 2012 3718.8 2184.8 64474.3 102232.4 76356.4 6814.2 8698.5 264735.3 :

2 ICT R&D 33 2000 19.7% 2012 38.7%, 24.9% 35.1%. 2000 22.2%, 2012 28.9%, 15.7% 24.9%. 2 4 ICT ( : %) : 2 7 ICT,,, ( : ) 1999 5181.1 447.1 14353.0 8697.2 7213.4 1995.6 791.5 38702.4 2000 6627.2 449.7 16242.6 11254.2 7130.7 2452.3 1138.3 45322.9 2001 6654.1 432.8 11296.9 9285.4 9285.7 2471.0 1052.5 40506.5 2002 6161.1 496.9 12881.4 11867.2 12431.0 2425.1 1063.3 47359.3 2003 4729.4 526.6 14742.5 14767.9 12607.6 2701.7 1129.4 51240.4 2004 3452.5 508.7 22151.8 21348.1 14974.3 3773.0 1293.2 67545.5 2005 2327.4 562.1 20580.3 21740.3 16595.0 4623.5 1489.2 67963.7 2006 2449.8 638.6 22469.9 20363.7 17402.8 5148.2 1682.2 70201.2

34,,, 2007 2495.1 731.6 22200.8 20679.4 22424.6 3316.8 1961.7 73859.5 2008 2382.3 545.3 20872.6 22553.6 27232.1 3211.7 2215.9 79069.5 2009 2720.8 541.0 22989.2 29552.1 30812.0 3551.0 2171.6 92405.0 2010 2541.2 555.7 37531.9 36531.0 26837.2 4979.4 2984.1 112032.0 2011 3125.5 561.2 38429.0 40930.7 30048.3 2808.8 3495.9 119476.7 2012 1129.1 712.6 40202.7 41903.2 29770.5 2564.2 3475.3 119833.7 : 2 5 ICT ( : %) :, ICT ICT 2013 ICT 1694 1,000 84.2%, 15.8%., 2 4 ICT 0.1%. 3 ICT,

2 ICT R&D 35 2011 87.4% 2013 84.2%, 2011 12.6% 2013 15.8%, SW 0.1%.,, 2013 57.2% 2011 56.9% 0.3%p, 4.7% 4.1%, 17.8% 16.3%, 6.8% 6.1%. 2011 1.0% 2013 0.4%. 2011 3.4% 2013 5%, 2011 2013 3.0% 2.9%, 0.3% 0.3%, 2011 5.9% 2013 7.6%. 2 8 ICT ( :, %p, %) 2011 2012 2013 ICT 1,566.2 1.7 100.0 1,552.4 0.9 100.0 1,694.1 9.1 100.0 1,368.8 1.3 87.4 1,318.2 3.7 84.9 1,426.8 8.2 84.2 891.3 2.4 56.9 912.3 2.4 58.8 968.4 6.2 57.2 74.2 1.3 4.7 75.0 1.0 4.8 69.1 7.8 4.1 278.1 0.1 17.8 228.7 17.8 14.7 275.8 20.6 16.3 107.1 2.1 6.8 91.8 14.2 5.9 104.1 13.4 6.1 16.2 8.8 1.0 8.2 49.2 0.5 6.9 15.7 0.4 197.3 29.9 12.6 234.2 18.7 15.1 267.3 14.2 15.8 52.8 33.7 3.4 64.0 21.3 4.1 84.0 31.3 5.0 47.6 5.6 3.0 46.6 2.2 3.0 49.5 6.3 2.9 4.8 8.6 0.3 4.5 6.0 0.3 4.6 1.0 0.3 92.1 46.6 5.9 119.0 29.2 7.7 129.2 8.5 7.6 SW 2.0 4.3 0.1 2.2 11.3 0.1 2.4 6.6 0.1 : (2013. 1. 10), (2014. 11. 7)

36 ICT, ICT,. 2 ICT R&D 1. ICT R&D ( ) ICT.,,,, ICT R&D, 1980 TDX, 1990 CDMA, 1990 LCD (, 2011). ICT ICT R&D. ICT 1980, 1994, 1999. 2000 31 10, IT839, 2000, New IT IT Korea ICT (, 2013). ICT R&D. (1995) (1996). 1995 3 21 44 3. 144

2 ICT R&D 37 ATM. 1996. 3) Cyber Korea 21(1999) e-korea Vision 2006(2002). Cyber Korea 21. e-korea Vision 2006 e-korea. 4) 2 IT IT839. IT839 8, 3, 9 IT 5 10 IT. IT 50 SW 9 IT. 9, TV/,, IT SoC, PC, SW, SW,,., IT. 5) ICT ICT 3) (2005) 4) (2011) 5) (2005)

38. New IT IT IT, IT, IT 2 9 ICT R&D ( 93 97) ( 98 02) ( 03 07) MB ( 08 12) catch-up ( ) ( 95), ( 96) () 9,496 ( ) 20.2 ( 33.6 ) 572 ( 9.6%) ( ) Cyber Korea 21( 99), e-korea Vision 2006( 02) () 2 8,999 ( ) IT IT : ( 99) 399 ( 00) 511 ADSL 1, CDMA IMT-2000 ICT ( ) IT839 ( 04), IT839 Master Plan( 05) () 3 5,239 ( ) IT (: ( 03) 2.5 ( 06) 1.6 )), SCI/SSCI ( ): ( 02) 256, 212 ( 06) 530, 475 WiBro IEEE ( 05. 12), DMB ( 05. 7) ICT ( ) New IT ( 09), IT R&D ( 10), IT Korea ( 10), IT ( 12) () 5 545 ( ) ICT SAN( ), SW T-50 : ( 08) 22.0% ( 11) 40.0% LED : ( 08) 5 ( 09) 4 ( 10) 2 : (2013).

2 ICT R&D 39 3. IT Korea IT ICT, SW, IT,, 5. ICT,,, ICT. 6) (2011) ICT,,,. 1960 1980 ICT 5,, 1, 2. 1980 2003,. 2004 2007,, WiBro DMB ICT ICT. 2008 ICT., ICT ICT, ICT ICT ICT. 6) (2011).

40, ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT, ICT ICT. ICT R&D SW, ICT, ICT ICT., ICT (, 2011). ICT, ICT,, ICT (, 2011). ICT ICT. ICT ICT, ICT. ICT ICT. ICT 1995 2.9% 2000 5.8%, 2005 8.8%, 2009 11.5%. ICT ICT ICT (, 2014).

2 ICT R&D 41 2 6 ICT ( ) ( : %) : 2005. : (2014). 2. ( ) 40 R&D, (catch-up) R&D. 2 10 R&D 1960 70 1980 1990 2000 ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ), : (2009), R&D ( )

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44 (, 2013)., SNS ICT (, 2014). (crowdsourcing), GE (Quirky) AROS. 2013, R&D (, 2014)., ( ) R&D R&D. R&D ( ) 2013 ( ) ( ). R&D,, R&D., R&D. R&D R&D.

2 ICT R&D 45 2000 4, 2012 2014 4. (2014. 1. 17) R&D R&D,, 4. 3. ICT ( ) ( ),. 1960 ( ( )). ( ) 1960 TDX, DRAM, CDMA, WiBro 10. 1980 ( ). ( ). ( ) ( 2 11 ).

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48 2 10 ( : %) : (www.ntis.go.kr)(2014. 5. 26 ) 2 12 R&D R&D 2012 272 2006 139 2002 163 1996 163 1992 212 1986 120 2012 344 2006 268 6950.3 (100) 3497.1 (100) 2552.6 (100) 1895.6 (100) 1060.4 (100) 333.2 (100) 5276.9 (100) 2721.9 (100) ( :, ) 2372.8 (34.1) 716.7 (20.5) 526.2 (20.6) 340.2 (17.9) 175.9 (16.6) 65.8 (19.8) 2112.6 (40.0) 909.2 (33.4) 1690.8 (24.3) 1252.4 (35.8) 1015.7 (39.8) 561.4 (29.6) 469.4 (44.3) 93.8 (28.1) 1545.8 (29.3) 876.8 (32.2) 2886.7 (41.5) 1527.9 (43.7) 1010.8 (39.6) 994.1 (52.4) 415.0 (39.1) 173.6 (52.1) 1618.6 (30.7) 935.9 (34.4)

2 ICT R&D 49 R&D 2002 304 1996 258 1992 237 1986 214 2012 22,917 2006 9,036 2002 6,743 1996 2,435 1992 2,657 1986 1,321 1797.1 (100) 1018.8 (100) 302.9 (100) 164.3 (100) 43222.9 (100) 21126.8 (100) 12975.4 (100) 7963.6 (100) 3625.8 (100) 1021.7 (100) 666.1 (37.1) 452.1 (44.4) 185.0 (61.1) 109.2 (66.5) 5667.9 (13.1) 2517.3 (11.9) 1180.9 (9.1) 646.8 (8.1) 267.7 (7.4) 75.5 (7.4) : (www.ntis.go.kr)(2014. 5. 8 ) 596.2 (33.2) 270.9 (26.6) 67.2 (22.2) 45.6 (27.8) 7336.1 (17.0) 3300.9 (15.6) 2151.7 (16.6) 2095.0 (26.3) 776.7 (21.4) 266.6 (26.1) 534.8 (29.8) 295.8 (29.0) 50.6 (16.7) 9.5 (5.8) 30218.8 (69.9) 15308.6 (72.5) 9642.7 (74.3) 5221.8 (65.6) 2581.5 (71.2) 679.6 (66.5) 3 ICT (asset-based economy) (knowledgebased economy),.., ( 20 ). ICT

50 R&D.. (Pro-Patent Policy).,,. 7), ICT. 1.. (2005),. (diffusion).,. (+). (exclusion).., 7) Sakakibara and Branstetter(2001), Hall and Ziedonis(2001), Jaffe(2000) ( ).

2 ICT R&D 51 (-). Helpman(1993),. Yang and Maskus (2001), Gould and Gruben(1996), Kanwar and Evenson(2003)., Hall and Ziedonis(2001), Sakakibara and Branstetter(2001), Jaffe(2000),., (2004) 7 11.. 1474. 10 (Venetian Statute of 1474).,. 20. 1930, 1980 R&D (Pro-Patent Policy) 8) R&D 8) 1930 1980, 1980, (Pro-Patent Policy)

52. 2 11, 1980 1980 10 1990 15, 2000. 1990. 2 11 ( : ) : : WIPO (www.wipo.int) 1980,.,. Apple, Intel, Microsoft ICT. ICT,.

2 ICT R&D 53. 1990 ICT.. 2000 2 2008 14 ( 2 12 ). 2 12 ( : ) : Chernesky(2009), 1980 Charkrabarty (Diamond v. Charkrabarty, 447 U.S. 303), 1998 State Street Bank (State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, 149 F.3d. 1368, 1375) BM (Bussiness Model Patent),,. 2000 ( ), NPE(Non-Practicing

54 Entity) 9),. NPE,.. NPE,, (, 2013).. (2012), 3, 1 1970 1990. 71% ( 2 13 ),. 2 1990 2000.. 9) (FTC, Federal Trade Commission) (PAE, Patent Assertion Entity) NPE, NPE (Patent Troll), (Patent Pirate), (Patent Speculator). (PLLs, Patent Litigation and Licensing Companies), Patent Pioneer.

2 ICT R&D 55,. 91 29% 73% ( 2 13 ). 2 13 : (2012) 3 2000., ( ) 2001 6% 2010 1.2%. 1980 3.6 7% (, 2013). (2012) ICT, 2011 (PII) 1.25, 0.81, 0.65 0.38, (PMI) 1.48, 1.42, 0.72 0.64.

56 2 14 ( : %) : 1) 2) (%)= / :, (2013) 1 (Jaffe & Trajtenberg, 2000), 2 3 2009 8 (, 2012). 2 15 ( : ) : (2012)

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2 ICT R&D 59, NPE () 10)., ( 2 13 ). 11 50. David & Harrison(2001) 2 17 BIG-BANG Disruption : / : Downes & Nunes(2013), (2014) 10) (), NPE. NPE,.,.

60. 1 (defensive), 2 (cost control), 3 (profit center), 4 (integrated), 5 (visionary). ICT. ICT,. Downes & Nunes(2013) (BIG-BANG Disruption) 2 17, ICT (, 2014).. ICT.,.. ICT ICT. ICT PCT(Patent Cooperation Treaty), 1985 3 2011 4,672, EPO(Europe Patent Office), 2011 2,847 1985 1 ( 2 18, 2 19 ).

2 ICT R&D 61 2 18 ICT (PCT ) ( : ) : OECD (stats.oecd.org) 2 19 ICT (EPO ) ( : ) : OECD (stats.oecd.org) ICT,.,,.

62. 1986 (TI), 80% 8,500.... 11),. (IPR Portfolio)., 2009 6,000 45, 1 7,000 125 M&A (, 2011)., LG, ICT.,. 2 20 11) (target).

2 ICT R&D 63,,. 2 20 ICT : PCMAG(www.pcmag.com) ( 2 21 ), 2008 168 2013 340. 6 212 (1,341 ) 15.8%. 2011 88,. (2011), ICT 2004 58.5%, 2008 78.3%, 2011 87.7% ICT.

64 2 21 ( : ) : : (2014). ICT (Smart Phone, Tablet PC ), 12) ( 2 14 ).,,,., 12) Win-Win, NPE ICT.

2 ICT R&D 65 (ITC), 13) (, 2014). 2 14 / 2011. 4. 21 2011. 6. 30 2011. 6. 29 2011. 6. 30/2011. 6. 22 2011. 6. 16 2011. 6. 23 2011. 9. 12 ( ), UI/ ( ) 2, (9/20) 2011. 4. 21 2011. 4. 27 2011. 9. 16 2011. 4. 21 2011. 6. 24 2011. 4. 15 2011. 7. 28 2011. 8. 23 ( ), UI/ ( ) (8/24) (8/24) (8/31) : (2014. 10. 19. ) 2 : KISDI (2014. 6. 23) NPE. NPE 1990 13) 2013 10 8 S1, S2,, 4 ITC..

66,. 2000 NPE (License Fee) (Running Royalty),. NPE (, 2013). ICT NPE. 6 (2009 2014 2 ) NPE 2 15 NPE 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (Q1-2) ( : ) 1 Apple 27 35 43 44 42 21 212 2 Samsung 12 22 42 20 38 20 172 3 AT&T 16 22 34 24 51 51 171 4 Hewlett Packard 27 37 33 20 32 11 160 5 Sony 24 21 31 23 26 26 148 6 Dell 28 24 35 21 33 6 147 7 Verizon 14 17 26 25 42 23 147 8 Amazon.com 14 20 39 22 31 20 146 8 Google 16 14 40 26 29 21 146 10 Microsoft 23 15 38 19 30 14 139 11 HTC 12 23 30 23 27 18 133 12 LG 12 24 28 26 28 14 132 : : PatentFreedom(www.patentfreedom.com, 2014. 10. 19 )

2 ICT R&D 67 172 2, LG 132 12. 14) 14) NPE, NPE. 2011 9 16 (America Invents Act), (Multi- Defendent Joinder),, NPE. 2013 (Innovation Act), 2014 5 21.

68 3 ICT R&D 1 ICT R&D 1. ICT R&D ICT Office machinery and computers, electronic components, Television, radio and communication equipment., OECD, OECD. 2001 2011 ICT ( 3 1 3 1 ), ICT 2000 2011 370, 2001 2011 10%. Office machinery and computers 2001 13 4,000 2011 2 9,800, 2001 2011 14%., Electronic components 2001 49.7 12.2% 2011 156 6,000. Television, radio, and communication equipment 2000 12.3% 2011 40 6,000.

3 ICT R&D 69 3 1 ICT R&D 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Office machinery and computers 1,341.6 373.7 412.5 427.2 326.9 218.1 274.0 297.5 ( ) (26.8) (76.6) (10.4) (3.6) ( 23.5) ( 33.3) (25.6) (8.6) Electronic components 4,971.3 8,178.5 9,432.4 9,480.1 10,691.9 11,390.8 13,770.4 15,661.0 ( ) (225.8) (7.8) (15.3) (0.5) (12.8) (6.5) (20.9) (13.7) Television, radio and communication equipment 1,270.7 3,021.9 3,423.5 3,589.0 3,643.8 3,440.6 3,853.6 4,064.0 ( ) ( 68.0) (11.7) (13.3) (4.8) (1.5) ( 5.6) (12.0) (5.5) ( :, %) CAGR ( 01 11) ( 14.0%) (12.2%) (12.3%) Total 1,4278.8 20,867.4 24,148.8 26,532.9 27,769.5 28,411.7 32,365.9 37,077.1 (10.0%) : UNIDO(2014). 3 1 ICT ( : ) : UNIDO(2014) ICT ( 3 2 ), Electronic components 2000 12.2% 2001 (34.8%) 22.6%p, 2011 42.2%

70., Office machinery and computers Television, radio, and communication equipment 2000. Office machinery and computers 2000 8.4% 9.4% 2002 1.4% 2011 0.8%. Television, radio, and communication equipment 2000 31.7% 2001 8.9% 2011 2000 11.9%. 3 2 ICT ( : %) : UNIDO(2014) 2. ICT R&D ICT R&D,,,,,, 2001 2008. 7 2007 ICT R&D 359, (42.17 ), (28.39 ), (9.3 ), (3.9 ),

3 ICT R&D 71 (3.6 ), (8,500 ). ICT R&D 2001 2003, 2001 3 2006 (9,600 ).,,, ICT. 3 2 7 ICT R&D ( :, %) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 695.7 769.9 434.4 377.6 408.9 386.3 339.4 389.1 ( ) (21.6) (21.9) (14.3) (13.0) (13.9) (13.4) (11.3) (12.2) 30.1 37.7 40.0 55.3 55.4 95.4 95.6 84.6 ( ) (3.6) (4.3) (4.7) (6.1) (5.8) (7.9) (6.2) (6.1) 3,508.3 3,456.1 3,558.3 3,353.3 3,308.9 2,984.6 2,923.8 2,839.0 ( ) (17.9) (17.1) (16.8) (16.0) (15.4) (14.2) (13.4) (13.3) 4,960.0 5,294.4 4,844.5 4,499.7 4,454.8 4,411.4 4,648.6 4,217.4 ( ) (12.6) (13.4) (12.2) (11.1) (11.0) (11.1) (10.9) (9.8) 1,567.2 1,334.2 1,136.6 1,157.2 1,177.2 1,178.4 959.1 933.3 ( ) (24.3) (20.2) (17.6) (18.7) (19.1) (18.2) (14.5) (12.7) 490.1 344.8 323.2 252.1 254.2 265.7 272.9 361.1 ( ) (16.0) (11.4) (9.5) (7.5) (6.8) (6.8) (6.5) (8.9) 39,400.8 41,502.9 27,279.2 26,541.1 34,180.1 34,587.8 37,347.8 35,944.8 ( ) (27.6) (30.2) (22.3) (20.6) (22.3) (21.8) (22.3) (20.2) : ICT R&D Office machinery and computers, electronic components, Television, radio and communication equipment. : UNIDO(2014)., 3 3 ICT, ICT ICT 2000 2007. ICT 2007,,,,,,.,,

72,,,, 6 2000 ICT. 3 3 ICT R&D ( : %) : ICT ICT. : UNIDO(2014). 2 ICT R&D 1. ICT PCT ICT PCT 3 3, 1990 2011. 1999 88.5 ICT 2008 2009. PCT ICT PCT 1999 11% 2000 40% 2008 44.6% 2011 41%.

3 ICT R&D 73 3 3 ICT PCT Office machinery and computers Electronic components Television, radio and communication equipment ( :, %) 1999 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 57.4 606.7 720.9 889.8 943.3 841.7 951.2 1,133.8 22.6 214.5 310.8 330.3 435.1 470.9 523.0 506.0 8.5 992.4 1,274.8 1,536.2 1,937.6 1,809.3 2,136.3 2,315.7 ICT 88.5 1,813.5 2,306.5 2,756.2 3,316.0 3,121.8 3,610.5 3,955.5 806.7 4,405.3 5,501.3 6,536.2 7,431.0 7,469.4 8,996.6 9,650.2 ICT 11.0 41.2 41.9 42.2 44.6 41.8 40.1 41.0 : ICT PCT Office machinery and computers, electronic components, Television, radio and communication equipment : UNIDO(2014)., 2011 ICT 3,955.5 Television, radio and communication equipment 2,315.7 (58.5%), Office machinery and computers 1,133.8 (28.7%), Electronic components 506 (12.7%). 3 4 ICT PCT ( : ) : UNIDO(2014).

74, PCT 10 ( 3 4 ), 2011 3 ICT. Television, radio and communication equipment 10 2,315.7, Office machinery and computers 1,133.8. Electronic components 506.0. 3 4 PCT 10 1 2 Television, radio and communication equipment Office machinery and computers ( : ) 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 233.2 992.4 1,274.8 1,536.2 1,937.6 1,809.3 2,136.3 2,315.7 237.2 606.7 720.9 889.8 943.3 841.7 951.2 1,133.8 3 Phamaceuticals 166.0 375.5 468.5 527.7 579.1 609.9 673.9 768.3 4 Basic chemical 97.8 286.2 372.2 392.6 425.2 420.5 501.2 515.1 5 Electronic components 43.9 214.5 310.8 330.3 435.1 470.9 523.0 506.0 6 Medical equipment 62.5 144.6 180.6 227.0 274.7 302.0 415.0 502.8 7 Domestic appliances 39.0 227.2 310.9 429.8 444.4 425.1 467.4 356.4 8 9 Measuring instruments Special purpose machinery 30.1 78.0 107.4 173.0 225.6 214.5 261.3 304.4 38.3 122.3 122.1 118.7 132.3 170.9 227.3 280.2 10 Motor vehilcles 32.8 77.1 116.9 121.2 128.5 154.5 231.5 268.1 : UNIDO(2014). 2. ICT PCT OECD ICT ( 3 5 ),,,,,, 7 2011 1 4,639.9 ICT PCT.

3 ICT R&D 75 2640.1,,,,, ICT PCT. 3 5 ICT PCT ( : ) 1999 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 50.3 123.6 171.8 156.6 142.2 160.6 163.9 177.5 5.7 8.6 26.9 17.1 31.9 24.9 20.2 19.0 581.0 1390.8 1548.1 1441.0 1436.6 1385.4 1386.9 1425.2 1755.3 2609.2 2610.7 2575.6 2764.5 2456.1 2480.5 2640.1 89.8 303.2 387.4 344.2 421.3 320.5 315.8 329.5 67.4 135.7 156.7 204.4 185.9 231.5 260.0 307.5 7275.8 13169.7 15399.3 16545.5 16055.6 13093.6 12733.6 14639.9 : UNIDO(2014). 7 ICT PCT ( 3 5 ), ICT 2006 2007, 2011 3,955.5. 3 5 ICT ( : ) : UNIDO(2014)

76, 3 6 7 ICT PCT PCT, 2011 ICT PCT 31.5%, (19.7%) (16.4%), (14.3%), (11.6%), (10.6%). 3 6 ICT PCT ( : %) 1999 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 7.7 12.5 16.7 14.1 12.2 14.5 14.2 14.3 8.3 6.7 19.9 10.8 14.9 11.1 11.8 11.6 16.3 23.0 24.3 22.4 20.9 20.0 19.9 19.7 17.0 16.4 15.5 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.2 14.3 7.0 11.4 12.7 10.2 12.5 10.7 10.4 10.6 13.0 11.3 11.8 14.2 12.4 14.1 14.0 16.4 25.0 28.9 30.8 31.6 32.1 29.8 29.4 31.5 : UNIDO(2014). ICT PCT,, ICT 2000 2011. ICT 2003 2008 2011 41.0% 31.5%. 2003 2008 2009 2010., 2000 ICT, PCT.

3 ICT R&D 77 3 6 ICT PCT ( : %) : UNIDO(2014).

78 4 1 ICT R&D (Decomposition analysis) 1.,... Hankinson and Rhys(1983) (SDA, Structural Decomposition Analysis) (IDA, Index Decomposition Analysis). SDA (input-output model) Casler and Rose(1998), Chang and Lin(1998), Munksgaard(2000) (Zhou and Ang, 2008;, 2010 ). SDA (, 2010). IDA (index) 1970, Laspeyres, Paasche, Divisia index. IDA SDA SDA

4 ICT R&D 79 (, 2010). LMDI Ang et al.(1998). ICT R&D IDA IDA. Laspeyres, Divisia Index, LDMI. 15). Laspeyres (e) (V) (E), i (I i ) (S i ). (1) 산업 의부가가치비율 산업 의에너지집중도 (0) (t). (2) (1). (3) ( i ) ( i ) 15) (2007).

80., (4) (3), (5). (5) (6). Laspeyres: 잔차 (6) Paasche: 잔차 (7) (6). (0) Laspeyres, (t) Paasche. Laspeyres (, 2007). Laspeyres

4 ICT R&D 81,. Laspeyres Paasche (0 t )., (time-reversal test), ( ) ( ) (factor reversal test).. Divisia Index Laspeyres Paasche Boyd et al.(1987) Divisia Index. Laspeyres (, 2010). Boyd et al.(1987) Divisia Index,.,, (8), i. (8) ( )

82. (9) (9) (10). ln (10) ln Laspeyres Paasche. Divisia: ln ln 잔차 (11) (11) Divisia Index.. Logarithmic Mean Divisia index

4 ICT R&D 83. Sun(1999) (Jointly Created and Eqaully Distrubuted) 16), (, 2010). Ang et al.(1998) Logarithmic Mean Divisia index(lmdi)., ln ln (12) Divisia Index Laspeyres & Paasche, Divisia Index. LMDI. LMDI (13). LMDI: ln ln ln ln ln ln (13) LMDI Laspeyres & Paasche. 16) (, 2010).

84 2.,,. Lin and Chang(1996), Paul and Bhattaacharya(2004), Nag and Parikh(2005), Lise(2006), Howarth et al.(1991), Torvanger(1991), Ang(1995), Greening(1998), Kim and Worrel(2002), (2010).,, Paul and Bhattaacharya(2004), Lise(2006), (2001), (2008), (2010) LMDI.,,.,, Ang and Zang(1999), Liaskas et al.(2000), Zhang and Ang(2001), Kihoon and Wankeun(2006) (, 2010). R&D. Jinyoung and Gerald(2004) 1988 1992, R&D, R&D. R&D R&D R&D,., 1983 1992,, 70% R&D. 30% R&D

4 ICT R&D 85. Pietro et al.(2010) EU R&D R&D R&D R&D. EU R&D,., R&D ( ICT ) R&D,. Andreas and Fabian(2012) EU 27 R&D (R&D intensity).,, R&D, R&D. EU R&D. R&D, R&D, R&D R&D. Laspeyres Divisia Index. 2 ICT 1. (LMDI)

86. ICT R&D,, ICT. ICT R&D ICT ICT., ICT, ICT, ICT. ICT ICT. T N ICT,, (14),.

4 ICT R&D 87 4 1 44 PCT ICT PCT ICT i PCT ICT i R&D (BERD) ICT ICT i ( ) ICT i R&D PCT ICT R&D (R&D efficiency). ( ) ICT i R&D ICT R&D (R&D intensity). ( ) ICT ICT i ICT (Structural change). ( ) ICT ICT ICT (Scale change). ( ) PCT (Patent productivity).. T+1 ICT (14).

88 특허제도 기업전략 ICT R&D 환경 ICT 산업구조 (15) (14) (15) ICT R&D, ICT,., R&D R&D R&D, ICT ICT ICT....

4 ICT R&D 89, 17). T T+1 ICT (Multiplicative scheme) (16). (16) D RDEFF R&D ICT. D RDINT R&D. D STRCH ICT ICT, D SCLCH ICT ICT. D PATPD. LMDI, (17) (21). ln ln exp ln ln ln ln exp ln ln ln ln exp ln ln 17) Jinyoung, K. and Gerald, M(2004). (17) (18) (19)

90 ln ln exp ln ln (20) ln ln exp ln ln (21) 2. (14) ICT, R&D., R&D ( ). IPC(International Patent Classification) IPC A H 640. 4 2 IPC ( ) A Human Necessities 83 B Performing Operations; Transporting 167 C Chemistry; Metallurgy 95 D Textiles; Paper 38 E Fixed Constructions 30 F Mechanical Engineering; Lighting; Heating; Weapons; Blasting 99 G Physics 79 H Electricity 49

4 ICT R&D 91, R&D (ISIC, International Standard Industrial Classification), ISIC rev.3 (15) (37) 21. ( ),. (USPC) (SIC), 1972 SIC 41 150,020 (, 2010). 1974 (, 2010). IPC YTC(Yale Technology Concordance).,. OECD YTC IPC (ISIC) OTC(OECD Technology Concordance) 2002. OTC YTC, (, 2010). (FhG-ISI), (OST), (SPRU) EC IPC ISIC 2003 FOS. ( ) 44 44 640 IPC 1:1 ISIC. 44 (Technological Fields) (Industrial Sectors)

92 (Matrix) 18). OTC FOS (IPC) (ISIC). FOS 1:1. FOS. 4 3 FOS 44 Field IPC Field IPC Field IPC Field IPC Field IPC 1 A01H 10 B09B 15 C06B 20 A01L 40 G02B 1 A21D 10 B09C 15 C06C 20 A44B 40 G02C 1 A23B 10 B29B 15 C06D 20 A47H 40 G03D 1 A23C 10 C01B 15 C08H 20 A47K 40 G03F 1 A23D 10 C01C 15 C09G 20 B21K 40 G09F.............................. 9 C10G 14 C09F 19 B21C 39 G01K 44 A41G 9 C10L 14 C11D 19 B21G 39 G01L 44 A42B 9 G01V 14 D06L 19 B22D 39 G05B 44 A44C : Schmoch et al.(2003) 18). (Food) FOS ( ) 100 PCT, 67 (Food), 10 (Pharmaceutical), 9 (Basic chemical).,.

4 ICT R&D 93 FOS 44. IPC 44. FOS 44 IPC 1:1., FOS 44 ISIC rev.3 4 digit-level 44. FOS 44. 4 4 FOS 44 Field No. NACE ISIC rev.3 Description 1 15 15 Food, beverage 2 16 16 Tobacco products 3 17 17 Textiles 4 18 18 Wearing apparel 5 19 19 Leather articles 6 20 20 Wood products 7 21 21 Paper 8 22 22 Publishing, printing 9 23 23 Petroleum products, nuclear fuel 10 24.1 241 Basic chemical 11 24.2 2421 Pesticides, agro-chemical products 12 24.3 2422 Paints, varnishes 13 24.4 2423 Pharmaceuticals 14 24.5 2424 Soaps, detergents, toilet preparations 15 24.6 2429 Other chemicals 16 24.7 243 Man-made fibres 17 25 25 Rubber and plastics products 18 26 26 Non-metallic mineral products 19 27 27 Basic metals

94 Field No. NACE ISIC rev.3 Description 20 28 28 Fabricated metal products 21 29.1 22 29.2 2911, 2912, 2913 2914, 2915, 2919 energy machinery Non-specific purpose machinery 23 29.3 2921 Agricultural and forestry machinery 24 29.4 2922 Machine-tools 25 29.5 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2929 Special purpose machinery 26 29.6 2927 Weapons and ammunition 27 29.7 293 Domestic appliances 28 30 30 Office machinery and computers 29 31.1 311 Electric motors, generators, transformers 30 31.2, 31.3 312, 313 Electric distribution, control, wire, cable 31 31.4 314 Accumulators, battery 32 31.5 315 Lightening equipment 33 31.6 319 Other electrical equipment 34 32.1 321 Electronic components 35 32.2 322 Signal transmission, telecommunications 36 32.3 323 Television and radio receivers, audiovisual electronics 37 33.1 3311 Medical equipment 38 33.2 3312 Measuring instruments 39 33.3 3313 Industrial process control equipment 40 33.4 332 Optical instruments 41 33.5 333 Watches, clocks 42 34 34 Motor vehicles 43 35 35-353 Other transport equipment 44 36 36 Furniture, consumer goods : Schmoch et al.(2003)

4 ICT R&D 95, FOS.... PCT.,. 3. ICT 44 ICT. OECD ICT, 1998 ISIC rev.3, 2002 ISIC rev.3.1, 2007 ISIC rev.4. 1998 ISIC rev.3 2002 ISIC rev.3.1 ISIC ICT,. OECD 2002 ISIC rev.3.1 ICT. ICT Manufacturing of insulated wire and cable(3130), Manufacturing of industrial process control equipment(3313) ICT.

96 4 5 OECD ICT ISIC rev.3.1 (2002) 3000 Manufacturing of office, accounting and computing machinery 3130 Manufacturing of insulated wire and cable 3210 3220 3230 3312 Manufacturing of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components Manufacturing of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy Manufacturing of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods Manufacturing of instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except industrial process control equipment 3313 Manufacturing of industrial process control equipment Manufacturing of instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except industrial process control equipment(3312). 1999 2012 ICT (3000), (3210), (3220, 3230) 97%,,,, (3312) 2.46%(1999 2012 ). ICT Manufacturing of office, accounting and computing machinery(3000), Manufacturing of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components(3210), Manufacturing of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy(3220), Manufacturing of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and

4 ICT R&D 97 associated goods(3230) 4 ICT. OECD 3220 3230 Television, radio and communication equipment ICT. 4 6 ICT,,, ( : %) 1999 14.54 59.56 23.79 2.05 100 2000 15.61 60.67 21.14 2.51 100 2001 17.50 50.81 29.02 2.60 100 2002 14.06 52.26 31.37 2.25 100 2003 10.26 57.59 29.88 2.20 100 2004 5.86 64.40 27.76 1.91 100 2005 4.25 62.27 31.22 2.19 100 2006 4.40 61.02 32.12 2.40 100 2007 4.37 58.06 34.85 2.66 100 2008 3.70 54.92 38.50 2.80 100 2009 3.53 56.86 37.19 2.35 100 2010 2.76 66.11 28.40 2.66 100 2011 3.09 66.42 27.50 2.93 100 2012 1.54 68.52 26.98 2.90 100 : FOS 44 28 Office machinery and computers, 34 Electronic components, 35, 36 Television, radio and communication equipment 3 ICT.

98 4 7 ICT ICT ISIC code Field No. Field description Office machinery and computers 3000 28 Office machinery and computers Electronic components 3210 34 Electronic components Television, radio and communication equipment 3220 35 3230 36 Signal transmission, telecommunications Television and radio receivers, audiovisual electronics 3 1. (PCT) FOS 640 IPC 44. IPC Fractional count, 1999 2012. FOS IPC 17 IPC version8 (index scheme). Class subclass. OECD(OECD StatExtracts, Patent by technology, http:// stats.oecd.org/index. aspx) IPC PCT.,.

4 ICT R&D 99 4 8 IPC FOS A B C C A01P A61Q B29K B29L B60W B82Y C07M C10N C12R BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILET PREPARATIONS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANO-STRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANO-STRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANO-STRUCTURES INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C07B TO C07K, RELATING TO SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C-C12Q, RELATING TO MICRO-ORGANISMS Version8 11 Version8 13 Version4 17 Version4 17 Version8 42 2011. 01 20 Version6 10 Version4 15 Version3 13

100 C F G C13B PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR 2011. 01 25 C22K - C40B F21W F21Y G01Q G06Q COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES, IN SILICO LIBRARIES INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OF THE LIGHT SOURCES SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING-PROBE MICROSCOPY DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS OR METHODS, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR Version8 15 Version7 32 Version7 32 2010. 01 38 Version8 28 H H04W WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 2009. 01 35 2. R&D R&D OECD(OECD StatExtracts, STAN R&D expenditure in Industry ISIC rev.3, http:// stats.oecd.org/index.aspx) R&D (2005 USD, constant prices and PPPs). R&D 3 ICT R&D.

4 ICT R&D 101 3. (UNIDO) INDSTAT4-2014 ISIC rev.3 3-digit 4-digit. UNIDO DB 1990 2008. UNIDO DB 1990 2006 (KSIC) 2007 8 9 9 ISIC rev.3 2006. UNIDO DB (KSIC rev.9) (ISIC rev.3.1)... KSIC-ISIC 1) 1 : KSIC rev.9 ISIC rev.4 KSIC rev.9-isic rev.4 corresponding table KSIC 5-digit level ISIC 4-digit level. ISIC KSIC (10713, 10798, 21300, 33402). KSIC (10713) ISIC Manufacture of bakery products(1071) Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery(1073) 10713 1073. KSIC ISIC.

102 0.57%., Repair (KSIC-95) FOS. 2) 2 : ISIC rev.4 ISIC rev.3.1 (UNSD) correspondence between ISIC rev.3.1 and ISIC rev.4 ISIC rev.4 ISIC rev.3.1 KSIC ISIC rev.3.1. ISIC rev.3.1 rev.4 rev.3.1. rev.4 Manufacture of electronic components and boards (2610) computer modems 5-digit, 1. correspondence table KSIC 5-digit rev.3.1 rev.4. rev.3.1 3000 rev.4 2610, 2620, 2817, 3320 3000 2620. KSIC 5-digit correspondence table. 19) 19) ISIC rev.4 2610 KSIC, (26295) rev.3.1 3110, 3210. ISIC rev.4 * rev.4 KSIC correspondence table rev.3.1.

4 ICT R&D 103 4 1 ISIC rev.4-isic rev.3.1, ISIC rev.3.1 Publish (2211, 2212, 2213, 2219) ISIC rev.4 Publish. Nuclear fuel (2330).

104 4 9 ISIC rev.3.1-isic rev.4 ICT ISIC rev.3.1 3000 3210 3220 3230 Description Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Manufacture of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components Manufacture of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods ISIC rev.4 Description 2610 Manufacture of computer modems 2620 Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment 2817 Manufacture of office machinery and equipment, except computers and peripheral equipment 3320 Installation of mainframes and similar computers, other office machinery 2610* Manufacture of electronic components and boards 2790 Manufacture of solid-state fuel cells, power supplies; manufacture of non-electronic electric components, such as non-electronic capacitors, resistors etc. (e.g. power capacitors) 3314 Repair of solid-state fuel cells, power supplies; non-electronic electric components, such as non-electronic capacitors, resistors etc. (e.g. power capacitors) 2630 Manufacture of communication equipment, except remote controls, pagers, burglar and fire alarm systems, installation of communications equipment 2651 Manufacture of GPS equipment 3313 Repair of GPS equipment 3320 Installation of communication equipment 9512 Repair of communication equipment, industrial-type (e.g. commercial TV cameras) 2610 Manufacture of heads (pickup, recording, read/write, etc.), phonograph needles

4 ICT R&D 105 ISIC rev.3.1 3230 Description Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods ISIC rev.4 Description 2630 Manufacture of infrared devices (e.g. remote controls), pagers 2640 Manufacture of consumer electronics, except video game consoles and digital cameras 2670 Manufacture of digital cameras 2817 Manufacture of dictating machines 3312 Repair of dictating machines 3313 Repair of digital cameras 9521 Repair of public address systems and components. 1) 2-digit level KSIC ISIC rev.3 KSIC 5-digit level 2000 2011 0.24% (2012 6.5% ). 4 10 KSIC ISIC rev.3.1 KSIC 5-digit in ISIC rev.3 KSIC 2-digit ( :, %) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 290.8 304.0 328.4 366.7 374.0 434.5 479.8 451.3 291.2 304.1 329.0 367.6 374.5 435.3 480.2 480.7 Diff. 0.135 0.056 0.186 0.264 0.134 0.197 0.086 6.506 KSIC 2-digit 5-digit ISIC rev.3.1 KSIC

106. 0.24% KSIC ISIC. 2) 44 technological field 3-digit(32.1, 32.2, 32.3 ) ISIC rev.3 2-digit (15, 16, 17, 18 ) ISIC rev.3 KSIC 5-digit. 4. OECD,,,,,,,, 8., R&D. 2000 2011, 1. 4 11 2000 2011 2000 2008 2000 2006 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008

4 ICT R&D 107 4 1. 2000 2011 ICT 4 12. 1 1, 1., 1 ICT, 1 ICT. 1. 2010 2011 R&D (RDEFF) 1.0200 ICT ICT R&D 2.00%. 4 12 ICT ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 0.9869 1.9353 0.7053 1.1961 0.8889 0.6801 2001 2002 0.9282 1.7645 0.5329 0.9322 1.0783 0.9822 2002 2003 0.9749 1.0992 1.1238 0.8571 1.0270 0.8966 2003 2004 1.2208 1.5609 0.9883 0.7635 1.1206 0.9250 2004 2005 1.0260 1.0013 1.3876 0.9447 0.9617 0.8128 2005 2006 1.0184 1.1295 1.0640 1.0266 0.9863 0.8369 2006 2007 1.0058 1.1505 0.9517 1.0402 0.9713 0.9093 2007 2008 1.0582 1.2740 0.8823 1.0013 0.9575 0.9819 2008 2009 0.9366 1.0792 0.7681 0.9673 1.1510 1.0147 2009 2010 0.9602 0.9902 1.1775 0.8207 1.0408 0.9641 2010 2011 1.0213 1.0200 0.9952 1.0148 0.9631 1.0295

108. 4 2 ( : %). ICT ( 00-2011 ), ICT 2000. ICT, 2001 2003 1.31 7.18%. 2004 2008 0.5 22%, 2010. ICT R&D (RDEFF) 2010. 2000 9.9 93.5% ICT. 1990 2000 R&D

4 ICT R&D 109. R&D ICT. ICT R&D (RDINT), ICT (STRCH), ICT (SCLCH) (mixed effect). R&D 2004 ICT (2003 ), 2005 2006. 2006 R&D. ICT 2000 ICT, (2006 2008 ), ICT 2000, (2005 2008 ). 4 3, (PATPD) ICT R&D ICT

110. 2009, 2011 2001 2011 1.8% 32% ICT. 1990 ICT, ICT.., ICT, (2000 2011 ) 3 20). 2000 (2000 2004 ), 2000 (2004 2008 ), (2008 2011 ). 4 13 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2004 1.0902 5.8588 0.4174 0.7297 1.1030 0.5539 2004 2008 1.1121 1.6577 1.2397 1.0101 0.8822 0.6073 2008 2011 0.9185 1.0900 0.9001 0.8056 1.1539 1.0071 4 12 4 13, ICT 2001 1.31%, 2002 7.18%, 2003 2.51% 20) (external shock) 2008 (2000 2008, 2008 2011 ), (2000 2008 ) 2004.

4 ICT R&D 111 2004 22.1% 2000 2004 9.0%. R&D (RDEFF) ICT, ICT (SCLCH). ICT R&D (RDINT), ICT (STRCH), (PATPD). 2004 2008 ICT, 11.2%. ICT R&D (RDEFF) 65.8%, ICT R&D (RDINT) 24.0%, ICT (STRCH) 1.0%., ICT (SCLCH), (PATPD). (2008 2011 ) ICT 2008 2010 2011 2008 2010.. R&D (RDEFF) ICT, ICT (SCLCH). (PATPD) ICT.,.

112 ICT. 4 4. 2000 ICT, ICT 2000 2003-10.7% 2011 2000 11.37%. ICT (2011 ) R&D (RDEFF) 958.7%, R&D 2000 (2001 93.5%, 2002 76.5%, 2003 10%, 2004 56.1%) ICT,. ICT (SCLCH) 2000 2011 2000 12.27%., R&D (RDINT)

4 ICT R&D 113 53.4%, ICT (STRCH) 40.6%, (PATPD) 66.1%. 4 14 ICT (2000 ) ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2001 0.0131 0.9353-0.2947 0.1961 0.1111 0.3199 2002 0.0839 2.4148 0.6242 0.1150 0.0415 0.3321 2003 0.1069 2.7535 0.5776 0.0443 0.0157 0.4012 2004 0.0902 4.8588 0.5826 0.2703 0.1030 0.4461 2005 0.1185 4.8665 0.4208 0.3107 0.0608 0.5498 2006 0.1391 5.6261 0.3837 0.2923 0.0463 0.6232 2007 0.1457 6.6231 0.4135 0.2639 0.0162 0.6574 2008 0.2124 8.7121 0.4826 0.2629 0.0270 0.6636 2009 0.1356 9.4813 0.6025 0.2870 0.1200 0.6586 2010 0.0904 9.3791 0.5320 0.4149 0.1657 0.6709 2011 0.1137 9.5866 0.5343 0.4062 0.1227 0.6612 4 5 (2000 = 0, : %)

114 ICT R&D, ICT,., ICT R&D ICT R&D, ICT R&D. 2000 ICT., 2000 ICT (2000 2011 GAGR: 20.4%) ICT R&D (2000 2011 GAGR: 10.7%) 4 6 (a) ICT R&D ICT., ICT R&D 4 6 (b) ( ) ICT R&D ( ). ICT 4 6 (c) ICT ICT ICT. ICT 21) Office machinery and computers ICT ICT. ICT R&D (2000 2011 GAGR: 9.2%) ICT 4 6 (e) ICT. 21) ICT PCT (2011 ) Office machinery and computers 3.07( / ), Electronic components 0.06( / ), Television, radio and communication equipment 0.71( / ).

4 ICT R&D 115. 4 6 (a) ICT R&D (b) ICT R&D (c) ICT ( ) (d) ICT (e) :.

116 ICT R&D, ICT, ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D ICT. 2.. 2000 2008, ICT 2004 2006 2007 15.6%, 2008 13.4%. 4 15 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 1.3961 1.2599 1.3757 1.0180 0.8609 0.9191 2001 2003 1.0479 1.4034 0.5237 1.0120 1.2803 1.1003 2003 2004 0.9826 0.5962 1.4421 0.9653 0.8642 1.3700 2004 2005 1.3221 1.6674 1.0116 0.9787 0.9551 0.8386 2005 2006 1.3391 1.4033 0.9391 1.0077 0.9830 1.0258 2006 2007 0.8437 0.8209 1.0176 1.1837 0.8323 1.0254 2007 2008 0.8656 1.2834 0.6177 1.1085 0.9802 1.0050 2000 2008 1.8588 2.5985 0.6204 1.2868 0.7295 1.2283 : 2002 2002.

4 ICT R&D 117 2000 2008, ICT R&D,, ICT. ICT R&D., ICT R&D, ICT. 4 7 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %). 2000 2006, ICT 2006 194.8%. 2000 2006 ICT R&D, ICT, ICT. ICT R&D 2001, 2006 396.5% 2000 2006

118., ICT R&D, ICT. 4 16 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 1.4779 1.3493 0.6687 1.2519 1.2786 1.0233 2001 2002 0.6023 0.7532 0.6345 1.0225 1.0123 1.2175 2002 2003 1.3162 0.5201 2.4767 0.9464 0.8673 1.2447 2003 2004 0.8137 0.7918 0.7297 1.0785 1.1983 1.0898 2004 2005 0.9484 0.7456 1.5861 1.0382 0.8116 0.9517 2005 2006 2.9480 4.9647 0.7192 0.6849 1.0246 1.1766 2000 2006 2.6657 1.5495 0.8747 0.9291 1.1186 1.8924 4 8 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %)

4 ICT R&D 119. 2000 2007, ICT 2005 2007 2005 2.6%, 2007 7.8%. 2000 2007 ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D 2007, ICT R&D 2004 64.6%., ICT, ICT,., ICT. 4 17 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 1.1346 1.4176 1.1464 0.9997 0.8582 0.8139 2001 2002 1.0277 1.1803 0.9088 1.0354 0.9006 1.0274 2002 2003 1.0160 1.0987 0.8386 0.9901 0.9532 1.1685 2003 2004 1.0314 1.1166 1.6462 0.6356 0.8572 1.0299 2004 2005 0.9741 1.3208 0.8785 1.0318 0.9017 0.9023 2005 2006 1.0590 1.1284 1.1268 0.9161 0.9422 0.9649 2006 2007 0.9218 0.9443 0.9504 0.9864 0.9199 1.1320 2000 2007 1.1621 2.8890 1.3532 0.6074 0.4935 0.9918

120 4 9 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %). 2000 2007, ICT 2003 0.5 11.6%. 4 18 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 0.9631 1.0003 1.5087 1.0066 0.7077 0.8959 2001 2002 0.9546 1.0782 0.8104 1.0035 1.0937 0.9955 2002 2003 1.0445 1.1769 0.7002 0.9680 1.1036 1.1864 2003 2004 0.9953 1.0614 0.8261 0.9710 1.0801 1.0823 2004 2005 0.8835 0.9379 1.0559 1.0199 0.9192 0.9516 2005 2006 0.9507 0.9611 1.0275 0.9698 0.9684 1.0250 2006 2007 0.9311 1.0280 0.7052 1.0344 1.1443 1.0852 2000 2007 0.7475 1.2485 0.5411 0.9713 0.9398 1.2121

4 ICT R&D 121 2000 2007 ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D 2001, 2005, 2006 19.0 30%. ICT, ICT. ICT, ICT R&D. 4 10 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %). 2000 2008, ICT 32.8%. ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D

122 2004, 2007., ICT ICT., ICT R&D, ICT,., 4 19 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 1.0903 1.3568 0.8878 1.1694 0.9389 0.8244 2001 2002 0.9776 1.5387 1.0370 0.8474 0.8015 0.9021 2002 2003 1.1966 1.1772 0.7641 1.0516 1.1643 1.0865 2003 2004 0.9967 0.9963 0.9903 1.0362 0.8944 1.0900 2004 2005 0.9508 1.0826 1.0634 0.9612 0.9253 0.9287 2005 2006 1.1143 1.5900 0.9359 0.9234 0.8794 0.9222 2006 2007 0.8031 0.8626 0.7080 1.1783 1.0607 1.0521 2007 2008 1.2278 1.2437 1.1109 0.9663 0.9162 1.0037 2000 2008 1.3280 4.5218 0.5454 1.0911 0.6196 0.7965 4 11 () (2000 = 0, : %)

4 ICT R&D 123 ICT R&D.. 2000 2008, ICT 2003 14.0%, 2005 17.0%, 2008 12.5% 14.6%.. ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D, ICT, ICT,. ICT R&D. 4 20 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 1.3252 1.7912 0.7521 1.0075 1.1401 0.8564 2001 2002 1.0643 1.2859 1.6981 0.8992 0.5806 0.9337 2002 2003 0.8602 1.1407 0.7110 0.9868 0.8881 1.2103 2003 2004 1.0422 1.0635 1.1636 0.9193 0.8577 1.0680 2004 2005 0.8304 1.0743 0.7773 1.1729 1.0700 0.7924 2005 2006 1.0380 1.1151 1.1409 0.8902 0.9551 0.9596 2006 2007 1.2018 1.2747 0.8653 0.9457 1.1138 1.0343 2007 2008 0.8749 1.6012 0.6141 1.0361 0.8725 0.9842 2000 2008 1.1460 6.8314 0.4979 0.8408 0.5008 0.8002

124 4 12 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %). 2000 2008, ICT 2002 2003 2008 2000 4.3%. 4 21 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2001 1.0632 1.4336 1.0874 1.0620 0.7842 0.8189 2001 2002 0.9144 1.2626 0.8376 0.9359 0.8779 1.0523 2002 2003 0.9197 1.0226 0.9832 0.9614 0.9507 1.0008 2003 2004 1.0186 0.7556 1.3716 0.9844 0.9879 1.0106 2004 2005 1.0279 1.1547 0.8809 1.0143 0.9937 1.0027 2005 2006 1.0686 0.9615 1.1869 1.0458 0.9366 0.9560 2006 2007 1.0259 1.1277 0.9796 0.9913 0.9482 0.9879 2007 2008 1.0159 0.8182 1.2564 1.0163 0.9772 0.9950 2000 2008 1.0426 1.4328 1.5804 1.0052 0.5577 0.8213

4 ICT R&D 125 2000 2008 ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT. ICT R&D 2004, 2006, 2008, ICT R&D., ICT ICT., ICT, ICT. 4 13 ( ) (2000 = 0, : %) 3.,, 2000 2008 2000 2008.

126 4 22 ICT (DTOT) R&D (RDEFF) R&D (RDINT) (STRCH) (SCLCH) (PATPD) 2000 2008 1.2125 9.7121 0.5174 0.7371 0.9730 0.3364 2000 2008 1.8588 2.5985 0.6204 1.2868 0.7295 1.2283 2000 2008 1.3280 4.5218 0.5454 1.0911 0.6196 0.7965 2000 2008 1.1460 6.8314 0.4979 0.8408 0.5008 0.8002 2000 2008 1.0426 1.4328 1.5804 1.0052 0.5577 0.8213 2000 2007 1.1621 2.8890 1.3532 0.6074 0.4935 0.9918 2000 2007 0.7475 1.2485 0.5411 0.9713 0.9398 1.2121 2000 2006 2.6657 1.5495 0.8747 0.9291 1.1186 1.8924 ICT 25.2%, 21.3%, 14.6%, 85.9%, 32.8%, 4.3%, 16.2%, 166.6%., 8. ICT ICT R&D,. 2000 2011 ICT R&D,, R&D ICT. 4 14 2000 2011 ICT 20.4% (5.7%), (1.0%), (2.6%).

4 ICT R&D 127 4 14 ICT ( : ) ( : %) (a) ICT (b) ICT (2000 2011) ICT R&D ICT 58.0%, 35.3%. ICT,, ICT, ICT.,, ICT. ICT R&D. 5 ICT R&D ICT ICT R&D, ICT,. ICT R&D ICT ICT

128., ICT, ICT, ICT. ICT ICT. ICT 2001 2003 1.31 7.18% 2004 2008 0.5 22%, (2008 2011 ) 2008 2010. (2000 2011 ) (2011 2000 11.37% ). ICT ICT R&D, 2000 ICT. ICT ICT R&D. ICT R&D. ICT R&D 2004 2008 ICT R&D ICT R&D. ICT ICT ICT. ICT Office machinery and computers

4 ICT R&D 129 ICT ICT. ICT R&D ICT. 2000 R&D ICT. ICT. ICT., ICT. ICT R&D,.,,. ICT R&D ICT R&D ICT..

130 5 ICT R&D 1 1., 1961,, ( ),. 1973,. 1980 1979 (WIPO), 1980 (Paris Convention), 1984 (Patent Cooperation Treaty).. 1987,,,.. 1. 1990, 1996, 2006. 1984

5 ICT R&D 131, 1998, 2008 (Layout)., BM 1998 664 2011 6,542 10, 3 2010 29.1%(1,190 ), 2011 45.1%(1,727 ), 2012 27.5%(2,202 )...,. 20 ( 88 )., 5 ( 89 ). 1946 17, 1961 12 1986 15 1990 20. 1995 WTO TRIPs 20.. 1986 1990.,.

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136.,,. 2 1. ICT ICT,.. ICT 24) A 2011 IPR Portfolio. 2009, 2010 250., Drafting. ( ). A NPE. 24) KISDI (2014. 6. 23)

5 ICT R&D 137 5 3 A : KISDI (2014. 6. 23) B.,, IPR (CapEx/OpEx). B IPR (1 ), ( :, : ). IPR (2012 (9 ) 2013 (16 )) Patent Map, /, /, ( /) IPR Portfolio. / IPR Portfolio (2 ), IP DB. ( ),.,

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147 KISDI (2014. 6. 23) (2011), ICT II(ICT masterplan for development: Lessons from policy practices of Korea), 11-19,. (www.ntis.go.kr) (2009. 1. 13), R&D, pp.ii iii., -, 9, 2014. 5. 26., (2010), :,, 19 2, pp.243 282. (2013), ICT R&D, 13- -015,. (2014), ICT,, 26 1 569,. (2014),, 2013,. (2013),,, p.21. (2008),,, 17, pp.255 286.

148 (2014. 1. 16), R&D. (2014. 1. 17),,. (2014. 3. 11) ICT. (2013), ICT R&D (2013 2017) (2013),,, 30 1, pp.17 22. (2011),, CEO Information, 823. (2014. 7. 30),, 2020 5,000 (2013), :,, 8 3. (2013),,, 16 3, pp.809 838. (2005), R&D,, 04- -061,. (2009), 08, 2009-16,, p.20. (2007), :,. (2013), ICT R&D,, 25 22 567,. (2009),,

149, p.4. (2010),, Issue Paper, 2010-4,. (2012), 2011 (, ) IT,. (2011), ICT, 11-32,. 18 (2012),,. (2005),,, pp.39 96. (2012), ICT:,, 59 1. (2013), NPEs (AIA),, 71. (2014), ICT,, 26 7 575,. (2001),,, 10, 569-589. (2013. 1. 10), p.36. (2010),, 2010-30, p.6. (2014. 6),. (2009),,. (2012),,.

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154 KSIC-ISIC Corresponding Table ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1511 1512 1513 Production, processing and preserving of meat and meat products Processing and preserving of fish and fish products Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables 1010 Processing and preserving of meat 10110 1020 1030 Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables 10121 10129 10211, 10212 10213 10219 10220 10301 10309

155 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1514 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 1040 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 10401 10402 10403 1520 Manufacture of dairy products 1050 Manufacture of dairy products 10501 10502 1531 Manufacture of grain mill products 1061 Manufacture of grain mill products 10611 1532 Manufacture of starches and starch products 1062 Manufacture of starches and starch products 10612 10613 10619 10620 1533 Manufacture of prepared animal feeds 1080 Manufacture of prepared animal feeds 10800 1541 Manufacture of bakery products 1071 Manufacture of bakery products 10711 10712 1542 Manufacture of sugar 1072 Manufacture of sugar 10720 1543 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery 1073 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery 10713

156 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1544 1549 Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products Manufacture of other food products n.e.c. 1074 1075 1079 1104 Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes Manufacture of other food products n.e.c. Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters 10730, 10793 10741, 10742 10743 10749 10791 10792 10794 10795 10796 10797 10799 10798 11201

157 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1551 Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits; ethyl alcohol production from fermented materials 1101 Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits 11121 11122 11129 1552 Manufacture of wines 1102 Manufacture of wines 11111 11112 11119 1553 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 1103 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 11113 1554 Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters 1104 Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters 11202 11209 1600 Manufacture of tobacco products 1200 Manufacture of tobacco products 12001 1711 Preparation and spinning of textile fibres; weaving of textiles 1311 Preparation and spinning of textile fibres 12002 13101 13102 13103

158 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 13104 13109 1312 Weaving of textiles 13211 13212 13213 13214 13219 1712 Finishing of textiles 1313 Finishing of textiles 13401 13402 13403 13404 13409, 1721 Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel 1392 Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel 13221 13222 13223 13224

159 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 13225 13229 1722 Manufacture of carpets and rugs 1393 Manufacture of carpets and rugs 13910, 1723 Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting 1394 Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting 13921 13922 1729 Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c. 1399 Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c. 13991 1730 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles 1391 1430 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics Manufacture of knitted and crocheted apparel 13992 13993 13994 13999 13310 13320 14300 14411 14419

160 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1730 14491 1810 1820 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel Dressing and dyeing of fur; manufacture of articles of fur 1410 1911 Tanning and dressing of leather 1511 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel 14499 14111 14112 14120 14130 14191 14192, 14193 14194 14199 1420 Manufacture of articles of fur 14201 Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur 14202 14203 15110

161 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 1912 Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness 1512 Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness 15121 15129 15190 1920 Manufacture of footwear 1520 Manufacture of footwear 15211 15219 15220 2010 Sawmilling and planing of wood 1610 Sawmilling and planing of wood 16101 2021 2022 Manufacture of veneer sheets; manufacture of plywood, laminboard, particle board and other panels and boards Manufacture of builders' carpentry and joinery 1621 1622 Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels Manufacture of builders' carpentry and joinery 16102 16103,, 16211, 16212 16221 16229

162 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2023 Manufacture of wooden containers 1623 Manufacture of wooden containers 16231 2029 2101 Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard 1629 1701 Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork, straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard 16232, 16291 16292 16293 16299 16301 16302 17110 17121 17122 17123 17124, 17129

163 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2102 2109 2211 2212 Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers of paper and paperboard Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard Publishing of books, brochures and other publications Publishing of newspapers, journals and periodicals 1702 1709 5811 5812 5813 2213 Publishing of music 5920 Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard and of containers of paper and paperboard Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard 17210 17221 17222 17223 17229 17901 17902 17903 17909

164 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2219 Other publishing 5819 2221 Printing 1811 Printing 18111 18112 18119 2222 Service activities related to printing 1812 Service activities related to printing 18121 18122 18129 2230 Reproduction of recorded media 1820 Reproduction of recorded media 18200 2310 Manufacture of coke oven products 1910 Manufacture of coke oven products 19101 19102 2320 Manufacture of refined petroleum products 2330 Processing of nuclear fuel 2411 Manufacture of basic chemicals, except fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 1920 Manufacture of refined petroleum products 19210 19221 19229 2011 Manufacture of basic chemicals 20111 20112

165 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 20119 20121 20129 20131 20132, 2412 Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 2012 Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 20201, 20202 20209 2413 Manufacture of plastics in primary forms and of synthetic rubber 2013 Manufacture of plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms 20301 20302 20303 2421 Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products 2021 Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products 20411 20412

166 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2422 2423 2424 Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations 2022 2100 2023 Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations 20421 20422 20423 20424 21101 21102 21210 21220 21230 21300 20431 20432, 20433

167 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2429 Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. 2029 2680 Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. Manufacture of magnetic and optical media 20434 20491 20492 20493 20494 20499 26600 2430 Manufacture of man-made fibres 2030 Manufacture of man-made fibres 20501 2511 Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres 2211 Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres 20502 22111 22112 2519 Manufacture of other rubber products 2219 Manufacture of other rubber products 22191 22192

168 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 22199 2520 Manufacture of plastics products 2220 Manufacture of plastics products 22211,, 22212, 22213 22221 22222 22223 22229 22231, 22232 22240 22250 22291, 22299

169 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2610 2691 2692 2693 Manufacture of glass and glass products Manufacture of non-structural non-refractory ceramic ware Manufacture of refractory ceramic products Manufacture of structural non-refractory clay and ceramic products 2310 2393 Manufacture of glass and glass products Manufacture of other porcelain and ceramic products 23110 23121 23122 23129 23191 23192 23199 23211 23212 23213 23219 2391 Manufacture of refractory products 23221 2392 Manufacture of clay building materials 23231 23229,

170 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2694 2695 Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster 2394 2395 Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster 23232 23239 23311 23312 23321 23322 23323 23324 23325 23326 23329,, 2696 Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone 2396 Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone 23911 23919

171 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2699 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. 2399 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. 23991 23992 23993 23994, 23999 2710 Manufacture of basic iron and steel 2410 Manufacture of basic iron and steel 24111 24112 24113 24119 24121 24122 24123 24131 24132 24191, 24199 1

172 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2720 Manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals 2420 Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals 24211, 24212, 24213 24219,, 24221, 24222 24229,, 24290 1 2731 Casting of iron and steel 2431 Casting of iron and steel 24311 24312 2732 Casting of non-ferrous metals 2432 Casting of non-ferrous metals 24321 2811 Manufacture of structural metal products 2511 Manufacture of structural metal products 24322 24329 25111,,

173 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2812 2813 2891 2892 Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy Treatment and coating of metals; general mechanical engineering on a fee or contract basis 2512 2513 2591 2592 Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy Treatment and coating of metals; machining 25112 25113 25119 25121 25122 25130 25911 25912 25913 25921 25922 25923

174 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2893 2899 Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c. 2593 2599 Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c. 25924 25929 25931 25932 25933 25934 25941 25942 25943 25991 25992 25993 25994 25995 25999

175 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines Manufacture of other pumps, compressors, taps and valves Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment 2811 Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines 29111 29119 2812 Manufacture of fluid power equipment 29120 2813 2814 2815 2816 Manufacture of other pumps, compressors, taps and valves Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment 29131 29132 29133, 29141 29142 29150, 29161 29162 29163 29169

176 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2919 2921 Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery 2819 2821 2922 Manufacture of machine tools 2818 2822 Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery Manufacture of power-driven hand tools Manufacture of metal-forming machinery and machine tools 29171 29172 29173 29174 29175 29176, 29191 29192, 29193 29194 29199 29210 29195 29221

177 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2929 Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production Manufacture of weapons and ammunition Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery 2823 2824 2825 2826 2520 3040 2829 Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production Manufacture of weapons and ammunition Manufacture of military fighting vehicles Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery 29222 29223 29229 29230 29241 29242 29250 29261 29269,,, 25200 31910 29271

178 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 29272 29280 29291 29292, 29293 29294 29299 2930 Manufacture of domestic appliances 2750 Manufacture of domestic appliances 28511 3000 Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery 2620 Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment 28512 28519 28520 26310 26321 26322 26323 26329

179 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3110 3120 3130 Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus Manufacture of insulated wire and cable 2817 2610* 2710* 2710* Manufacture of office machinery and equipment(except computers and peripheral equipment) Manufacture of electronic components and boards Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus 29180 26295, 28111 28112 28113 28119 28121, 28122 2733 Manufacture of wiring devices 28303 2731 Manufacture of fibre optic cables 28301 2732 Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables 28302

180 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3140 Manufacture of accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries 2720 Manufacture of batteries and accumulators 28201 28202 3150 Manufacture of electric lamps and lighting equipment 2740 Manufacture of electric lighting equipment 28410 28421 28422 28423 28429 2790* Manufacture of other electrical equipment 28901 3190 Manufacture of other electrical equipment n.e.c. 2790* Manufacture of other electrical equipment 28902 28903 28909 2930* Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles 30392 3210 Manufacture of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components 2610* Manufacture of electronic components and boards 26110

181 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3220 Manufacture of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy 2630 Manufacture of communication equipment 26120, 26211 26219 26221 26222 26291 26292 26293 26294 26296 26299 26410 26421 26422 26429

182 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3230 3311 3312 Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods Manufacture of medical and surgical equipment and orthopaedic appliances Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except industrial process control equipment 2640 Manufacture of consumer electronics 26511 2660 3250 2651* Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment 26519 26521, 26529 27111 27112 27191 27192 27193 27199 27211

183 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3313 3320 Manufacture of industrial process control equipment Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment 2651* 2670 Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment 27212, 27213, 27214 27215 27219,,, 27216 27310 27321 27322, 27329 3330 Manufacture of watches and clocks 2652 Manufacture of watches and clocks 27401 27402 3410 Manufacture of motor vehicles 2910 Manufacture of motor vehicles 30110 30121

184 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3420 3430 Manufacture of bodies(coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semitrailers Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines 2920 2930 3511 Building and repairing of ships 3011 Manufacture of bodies(coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semitrailers Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles Building of ships and floating structures 30122 30201 30202 30203 30310 30320 30391 30399 31111 31112 31113 31114 31119

185 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3512 3520 Building and repairing of pleasure and sporting boats Manufacture of railway and tramway locomotives and rolling stock 3012 Building of pleasure and sporting boats 31120 3020 3530 Manufacture of air and spacecraft 3030 Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery 31201 31202 31310, 31321 31322 3591 Manufacture of motorcycles 3091 Manufacture of motorcycles 31920 3592 3599 Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c. 3092 3099 Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c. 31991 31999 3610 Manufacture of furniture 3100 Manufacture of furniture 32011 32012 32019 32021

186 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3691 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles 3211 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles 32022 32029 32091 32099 33110 3692 Manufacture of musical instruments 3220 Manufacture of musical instruments 33201 3693 Manufacture of sports goods 3230 Manufacture of sports goods 33301 33202 33203 33204 33209, 33302 33303 33309 3694 Manufacture of games and toys 3240 Manufacture of games and toys 33401 33402

187 ISIC rev. 3.1 ISIC rev. 4 KSIC rev. 9 code Description code Description code Description 3699 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 3212 Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles 33120 3290 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 33409 33910 33920 33931 33932 33933 33934 33991 33992 33993, 33994 33999

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