112(2001 8) J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2001;11(2):92-101, Hyunwook Kim Kangyoon Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Institute of Occupational Health, Korean Industrial Health Association, Seoul, Korea (, 1999), (,,, 1992), 80%, (NIOSH, 1987) 20%, 1998 849%, 812% (, 1994;, 1995;, 2001 3 20, 2001 5 2 ( 60-4 Tel02-863-9322, Fax02-863-9320, E-mailkykim91@freechalcom) 1999; Kim, 2000;, 2001) (
93, 1987) (stiffness), (anthropometric data), (Coblentz, 1991),,,, (, 1996) Gross Horstman(1990),,,,, () (, 1999), (, 1996), Gross Hostman(1990), 10 71-89%, 83-85%, (, 2001) 60-100%, 93-100% (1994), (virtual human),,,,,,, (, 1996) 3, (, 1994) 3,,, 3 4 (, 2000) 3 / ( )
94, 3, 3,, AU(Action Unit) 3, 3 44,, 44 AU Gordon(1989) 3, 44 1,,,,, 04, AU,,,,,,,,, 2,, 80-90%, 3, (, 100%, ),, 100%, 97% (, 1996),,,, 3 Ekman Friesen(1977), FACS(Facial Action Coding System),,, AU 1) No AU Name AU No AU Name 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1) AUAction Unit 20 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 35 41 42 43 44 45 46
95,,,,,,,,, 114,,, (, 1994), TV 3, 2 3, 3 (Modeling Based Coding), 3 3,,,,,, (adaptation),, TV (Altobelli, 1994),,,,,,, 114, 1, 2 3 - (ma- 114, thematical-statistical technique), 3,,, (stereophotometry), (Kroemer, 1989) 3 (3-dimen-, sional laser scanner) TV,,,,,
96,,, (1999) 23328 22463 18830 6396 6074 23104 19010 6120 6379 6511 9371 3105(3351) 10183 23234 19365 6264 6493 6608 9533 3133(3385) 10305 23408 19390 6054 6616 6720 9581 3112(3510) 9396 2 6360 9847,, ( ) 3103(3753), 10015 (Trichion-Gnathion) (bizygomatic breadth, face width) 1992;, 1997;, 1999; 1:137, 1:131, 1:,, 2000), 133, (Nasion-Subnasale),,,, 6491, (1999) (Subnasale-Gna- thion),, 6605 (2000), 6410, 6283,,, 20 14174, 14100, 13927, (1999) (Bico-,,, ronale breadth),,,, 334:294:372 (1999) 12066, 11900, 11732 325:335:340 ( ),, 9550,, 9839, 9860 half-facepiece mask quarter-facepiece (Bigonial breadth) mask 1179, 11536, 3 11312,, 2 (1998, 1999), Kim (2000) (2001) Kim (2000) (face width), (lip, length), (nose width) (nasal root breadth),,, (1999) (1995) 178, Trichion(tr)-Nasion(n) Nasion(n)-Subnasale(sn) Subnasale(sn)-Gnathion(gn) (,,
97 (Benfer, 1975) (Abraham, 1979) 12 3 1 (anterior facial projection) (Gordon, 1989; 4 Marras & Kim, 1993), East- man Kodak 1983 50-100,, 100-150 43, (orbit), Marras Kim(1993), 184, 3 125 12,,,, 2 3 (Kroemer, 1989) 1980 (stereometric mea- surement), 20,, (, 1993) Berner(1954) Pierson(1961) 1979 ( (stereophotogrammetric method) 13 Marco Polo ) 18,013 117,, Hertzberg (1957), Weissman (1967), 46 Weissman(1968) 1825 Blumenbach, 28, KS ( Alexander von Humboldt 1849 Cosmos, 1980) 1986 (Herron, 1976), Skylab 2(, 1986), 1992 3( (Whittle, 1976, 1800 Adolphe Quetelet, 1992), 1997 4( 1979),, 1997) (Kaleps, 1984), Von Meyer, Braune Fisher (1976) 1906, 1912 61 Moss (1988, 1989), (1993) (Kroemer, 1989) 63, 16, Schmitt O'Brien Shelton(1941) 4 (1985) 10,042 59 160 Fernandez (1989) 3D videolaser, Vision 3D, 23 (National Center for Health Statistics) 1971-1974 13,645,
99 Air Force Wright Aero-, nautical Laboratories(AFWAL) 3 (Robinette, 1993; Whitestone, 1993; 40 Meunier, 2000) (1994) 1973 Technical 86 3 1986 Arts Corporation White Scanner, (1999) (1995) 3 1961; 9(1): 60-73, (1995) 1999; 4: 83-87, (landmarks) 1997; 2: 25-30 National Re-,,,,,,,,, search Council Marc Rioux 3,, 180 1 (pointto-point) 1, 1992 3 3 Cyberware 2000 (white light) 360, 1999,,,,,,,,,,,, Oxford Metrics, ( 1987, scoliosis),,,,,,,,,,,,, () 1988 Coblentz (1991),,, (stereophotogrammetry),, 2000; 41: 879-885 Yatapanage Post(1992), (sonic digitizer microphone) 1995; 34(4): 133-143 Piccione Moyer(1997) Cyberware 3 (fit factor) (fit test) (prototype) 2001
100,,, 1994; 4(2): 180-188 1993; 12(1): 25-38,,, 1999; 1: 23-33,, 2000; 2(1): 95-104, 1996; 23(6): 80-94 - 1996 1998; 31(3): 440-448 Panel American Book Company, New York, 1999; 9(1): 1-13 NY 1983, Ekman P, Friesen WV Facial Action Co- 1992; 19: 930-935 3 1995; 48(4): 935-952, 32(5): 491-495 Abraham S, Johnson CL, Nahhar MF Weight and height of adults 18-74 years of age; United States '1971-1974 National Center for Health Statistics, DHEW Publication No(PHS) 79-1659, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1979 Altobelli DE Computer-Assisted Acquisition of Facial Surface Topography in Farkas LG(Eds) Anthropometry of the Head and Face 2nd ed New York, Raven 1976; 2(1): 61-78 Press pp 219-233,,, Altobelli DE, Kikinis R, Mulliken JB, Cline H, Lorensen W, Jolesz F Computer- assisted three-dimensional planning in 1992; 4(2): 162-180 craniofacial surgery Plas Reconst, Surgery 1993; 92(4): 576-585 Benfer RA Morphometric analysis of Car- tesian coordinates of the human skull Am J Phys Anthrop 1975; 42: 371-382 Berner J Calculation of the body surface area by photogrammetry, Scandinavian 1956; 4(2): 80-87 Journal of Clinical and Laboratory In-,, 1999 vestigation, 1954; 6: 322-324 Cobb J A projected grid method for 1994; 21(10): 1-12 recording the shape of the human face Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical 1980 Report TR71184 1972 Coblentz A, Mollard R, Ignazi G Three- dimensional face shape analysis of 1997 French adults, and its application to design of protective equipment Ergonomics, 1991; 34(4): 497-517 Eastman Kodak Company Ergonomic Design for People At Work Volume 1 ding System Consulting Psychologist Press 1977 Fernandez JE, Malzahn DE, Eyada OK, Kim CH Anthropometry of Korean female industrial workers Ergonomics 1989; Gordon CG et al 1988 Anthropometric Survey of US Army Personnel: Method and Summary Statistics, Anthropology Research Project, Inc Technical Report Natick/Tr-89/044, Yellow Springs, OH 1989 Gross SF, Horstman SW Half-mask respirator selection for a mixed worker group Appl Occup Environ Hyg J 1990; 5: 229-235 Herron Stereophotogrammetry in biology and medicine Congress International Society of Photogrammetry Ottawa 23 July-5 August 1972 Herron RE, Cuzzi JR, Hugg J Mass distribution of the human body using biostereometrics 1976, (AMRL-TR-75-18, Wright Patterson Air Force Base) Hertzberg HTE, Dupertuis CW, Emanual I Stereophotogrammetry as an anthropometric tool Photogrammetric Engineering 1957; 23: 942-947 Hughes JG, Lomaev O An anthropometric survey of Australlian male facial sizes Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1972; 33(2): 71-78 Kaleps I, Clauser CE, Young JW, Chandler RF, Zehner GF, McConville JT Investigation into the mass distribution properties of the human body and its segments Ergonomics 1984; 27: 1225-1230 Kim HW, Han DH, Park YG, Roh YM, Woo YJ Anthropometric dimensions of Koreans and their associations with fit of quarter-masks respirators Presented at 10th International Conference of ISRP 2000 Australia, Nov 12-15, 2000 Kroemer KHE Engineering anthropometry Ergonomics 1989; 32(7): 767-784 Lovesey EJ The developement of a 3-dimensional anthropometric measuring technique Appl Ergonomics 1974; 51: 36-41 Marras WS, Kim JY Anthropometry of industrial population Ergonomics,
101 1993; 36(4): 371-378 Moss JP, Grindrod SR, Linney AD, Arridge SR, James D A computer system for the interactive planning and prediction of maxillofacial surgery Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1988; 94: 469-475 Moss JP, Linney AD, Grindrod SR, Mosse CA A laser scanning system for the measurement of facial surface morphology Optics and Lasers in Engineering 1989; 10: 179-190 Meunier P, Tack D, Ricci A, Bossi L, Angel H Helmet accomodation analysis using 3D laser scanning Appl Ergo 2000; 31: 361-369 NIOSH NIOSH Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection US Dept of Health and Human Services Pub No 87-116, 1987 O'Brien R, Shelton WC, Women's Measurements for Garment and Pattern Construction United States Department of Agriculture, Misc Pub No 454, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1941 Patty FA Industrial Hygiene: Retrospect and Prospect In Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol 1 3rd ed New York John Wiley & Sons, 1978 pp 1-21 Piccione Dm Noyer ET Modeling the interface between a respirator and the human face DAAL01-96-C-0077, Army Research Lab Human Engineering and Research Directorate 1997 Pierson WR Photogrammetric determination of surface area, Photogrammetric Engineering 1961; 27: 99-102 Robinette KM Fit testing as a helmet development tool Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, 1993 69-73 Schmitt F, Maitre M, Clainchard A, Lopez- Krahe J Acquisition and representation of subject surface data, Biometrics '85 SPIE Proceedings, 1985; 602: 42-49 Weissman S, Herron RE Stereophotogrammetry as a means of anthropometry of mentally hadicapped children, Civil Engineering Studies, (Photogrammetry Series no 11, University of Illinois), 1967 Weissman S Anthropometric photogrammetry Photogrammetric Engineering 1968; 34: 1134-1140 Whitestone JJ Design and evaluation of helmet systems using 3D data Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, 1993 64-68 Whittle MW, Herron RE, Cuzzi JR Biostereometric analysis of body form: the second manned Skylab Mission Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 1976; 47(4): 410-412 Whittle MW Caloric and exercise requirements of space flight: Biostereometrics results from Skylab Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 1979; 50(2): 163-167 Yatapanage KG, Post K Measurement of 3-D facial contours for the design of half-face respirators Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1992; 53(1): 19-26 Zehner GF Three-dimensional summarization of face shape Proceedings of the Human Factors Society-30th Annual Meeting 1986 206-210