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Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 2013; 8(3): 289-294 http://dx.doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2013.8.3.289 Online ISSN: 2287-7215 Print ISSN: 1975-311X Research Article Open Access 물리치료사의초음파작업시테이블높이에따른척추기립근의근전도활동분석 김충유 강종호부산가톨릭대학교물리치료학과 Analysis of Electromyographic Activities of Erect Spinae at Different Height of Table during Ultrasound Therapy Work Chung-Yoo Kim, Jong-Ho Kang, PT. PhD Department of Physical Therapy, Catholiac University of Busan Received: February 21, 2013 / Revised: May 29, 2013 / Accepted: June 4, 2013 c 2013 Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in erect spinae activities at different height of table during ultrasound therapy in order to propose a optimum work environment. METHODS: Twenty five healthy adult males and females volunteered to participate in this study. EMG signals of both erector spinae(t10, T12, L2, L4) were recorded throught the surface electromyography system at different height of table(45cm, 56.2cm, 67.5cm) during ultrasound therapy work. RESULTS: The higher table heights was, the lower %RVC of the T10, T12, L2, L4 erect spinae at both sides. The left and right T10, T12 and the left L4 showed significant differences. The lower the spinal level was, the higher %RVC of both erect spinae at 45cm, 56.2cm, 67.5cm. The left erect spinae at 56.2cm, right erect spinae at 45cm, 67.5cm showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: The muscle activities of both erect Corresponding Author : swithun@cup.ac.kr spinae decreased at higher table height and increased lower spinal level. We identified lower table height are risk factor of spine work related musculoskeletal disorders. Key Words: Ultrasound therapy, Table height, Erect spinae Ⅰ. 서론물리치료사는작업관련성근골격계질환 (Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders; WMSDs) 문제에직면해있다. 여러연구에의하면국내물리치료사 314명중 79.9% 가근골격계증상을호소하였고 (Bae 등, 2012), 호주물리치료사 824명중 91% 가 WMSDs을경험한것으로보고되었다 (Cromie 등, 2000). 물리치료사의 WMSDs의주된요인으로과도한신체의사용, 반복적인업무의수행, 과도한치료환자수, 불충분한휴식이보고되었는데 (West와 Gardner, 2001; Glover, 2002), 이같은상황이지속되면물리치료사는 WMSDs를호소하여병원에내원하게될것이다.

290 대한물리의학회지제 8 권제 3 호 Hong 등 (2011) 은남성물리치료사를대상으로근골격계증상호소율과관련요인을조사했는데, 초음파치료중재를하루 20회이하의횟수로수행하는물리치료사 407명중 50.4% 가근골격계증상을호소하였고, 그중 27.8% 는허리에근골격계증상을호소하였다. 또, 치료테이블의높이가적절치않은환경에서물리치료업무를수행하는물리치료사는높은근골격계증상호소율을보였으며, 특히허리에서높은근골격계증상호소율을보였다. 물리치료사의초음파치료중재는반복적인동작을수행함은물론체간의자세를지속적으로유지하기때문에, 척추기립근의근활성을유발시킬것이다 (Zedka 와 Prochazka, 1997). 또, 치료테이블의높이가적절치않은경우체간이굴곡된자세를유지하게되는데, 체간의굴곡된자세를유지하기위해서척추기립근의근활성이발생하게된다. 이같은요인으로지속적인근활성및스트레스가지속되는경우만성통증과같은근골격계손상이발생할것이며 (Pascarelli, 2004), 적절치못한테이블의높이에서수행된초음파치료중재는 WMSDs을유발시킬것이라생각된다. 최근에수행된연구에서복강경수술시적절한테이블의높이와수술자세를근전도계를이용하여조사하는역학적연구를확인할수있었다 (Berquer 등, 2002). 또, 소젖을날유하는작업 (Jakob 등, 2011), 여성의바느질 (Zhang 등, 2011), 차시트에서아이를운반하는동작 (Brown 등, 2004) 까지근전도계를이용한다양한작업관련역학적연구를확인할수있었다. 물리치료작업의연구에서는대부분근골격계증상, 유병률, 요인등의조사연구가주를이루었을뿐, 물리치료작업에관한역학적연구들은부족한실정이다. 또한역학적연구도일부치료적작업에대해동적근전도와동작분석장치를이용한물리치료사의요추부근골격계부담을조사한연구가수행되었을뿐이다 (Lee, 2010). 따라서본연구는초음파치료중재시치료테이블의높이에따른척추기립근의근활성을관찰하여적절한치료테이블높이를제안하고자한다. Ⅱ. 연구방법 1. 연구대상본연구는부산광역시에소재하는 P대학교에재학중인건강한성인남녀를대상으로학생중신경학적인질환, 근골격계질환병력이없는정상성인 25명을대상으로선정하였다. 모든대상자들은연구의목적과방법에대하여충분히설명을들은뒤, 자발적인동의후참여하였다. 2. 측정자세및절차본연구는초음파치료중재와동일한치료환경을제공하기위하여전동식치료테이블, 의자를배치하고, 초음파치료기도자 (Sonopuls 190, Enraf-Nonius, 독일 ) 를이용하였으며, 그리고치료부위를재현하기위해서에어쿠션 (DYNAIR BALLKISSEN, TOGU, 독일 ) 을사용하였다. 의자의높이는 45cm이며등받이가없는의자를사용하였다. 치료테이블의높이는 45cm, 56.2cm, 67.5cm로변화를주었고, 줄자를수직으로세워정확한높이를측정도록하였다. 초음파치료중재는치료테이블을정면으로바라보며앉은채로시행하였다. 에어쿠션의위치는대상자의복부앞쪽테이블의가장자리에두었으며, 좌우로치우치지않도록하였다. 그리고테이블과무릎까지의거리는 1cm로무릎이닿지않도록하였고, 족관절과슬관절의각도는직각을유지하도록하였다. 초음파치료중재는 3초에한번종소리가울리도록하여동일한횟수로실행되었고, 에어쿠션윗면중심에새겨진지름 12cm의원을따라우측상지를이용하여반시계방향으로돌리도록하였다. 동일한동작을시행하기위하여, 실험전 3회를사전에연습도록하였다. 초음파치료동작시사용하지않는좌측상지는손을배꼽부위에두도록하였으며, 그외의초음파중재동작은임상적환경과유사한상황을만들기위하여통제하지않았다. 각높이마다 1분씩초음파치료중재를시행하여근활성도를측정하였다. 각높이마다실험전 10분은휴식을취하도록하였다. 실험은기준수축동작을포함하여각근육마다 4회씩측정이되었으며, 근전도계의

물리치료사의초음파작업시테이블높이에따른척추기립근의근전도활동분석 291 채널이 4채널임을고려하여척추기립근을좌 우측으로나누어두번측정하였다. 테이블의높이는임의선출방법으로순서를정하였다. 3. 근활성도측정방법본연구에서는피실험자의척추기립근근활성도를측정하기위해근전도시스템 (LXM3204, LAXTHA Inc., 한국 ) 을사용하였으며, Telescan 프로그램을이용하였다. 표면전극은지름이 30mm인소형표면전극 (Kendall, USA) 을사용하였으며두전극간의간격은 2cm로배치하였다. 근전도분석을위하여측정하고자하는근육의부착부에볼펜을이용하여표시를한뒤표면전극을고정시키는작업을실시하였는데, 이때피부표면의이물질을제거하기위해소독용알코올로충분히닦아내며, 종이사포를이용하여피부표면이약간붉어질때까지문질러주어전극을부착하도록하였다. 전극의부착부위는선행연구를참고하여흉추 (10 번, 12번 ), 요추 (2번, 4번 ) 의좌우측척추기립근으로하였다 (Colado 등, 2011)(Table 1). 실험을통하여얻게된근전도자료는 1,000Hz의비율로샘플링하여기록되었으며, 활동근육으로부터근전도수치를통해직접전달된전기적신호파형 (raw data) 은연구의목적에따라보다정확한정보를얻기위하여이파형을제곱한뒤적분하여제곱근을씌우는방법 (Root Mean Square; RMS) 으로정량화하였다. 본연구에서근전도신호의비교를위한표준화과정을실시하였으며, 근전도신호를표준화하는방법은특정동작의근수축을기준수축 (reference voluntary contra: RVC) 으로삼아이를기준으로표준화하는 %RVC 방법 (Criswell, 2011) 을사용하였다. 기준수축 (RVC) 은선행논문을참고하여발바닥이지면에완전히닿은채고관절, 슬관절, 족관절을직각으로유지하고, 전방을응시하는자세를 1분간유지토록하여측정하였다 (Jung, 2008). RVC를포함한모든 RMS 값은측정한 1분중처음과마지막의 10초를뺀 40초의척추기립근근활성도의 RMS값을사용하였다. Table 1. Location of electromyographic surface electrodes Muscle Electrode placement T10 erector spinae T10 spinal process lateral 3cm T12 erector spinae T12 spinal process lateral 3cm L2 erectot spinae L2 spinal process lateral 3cm L4 erectot spinae L4 spinal process lateral 3cm 4. 통계처리본연구에서실험결과처리는윈도우용 SPSS 12.0 통계프로그램을사용하였다. 초음파치료동작시치료테이블높이에따른척추기립근의근활성도차이와척추기립근의부위에따른척추기립근의근활성도차이는표준화된근전도차이를검증하기위하여일원배치분산분석 (One-way ANOVA) 을사용하였고, 사후검정으로 LSD를이용하였다. 통계학적유의수준 α는 0.05 로하였다. Ⅲ. 결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성본연구는남자 18명, 여자 7명총 25명이참여하였고, 대상자의평균나이는 21.16±1.37세, 평균신장은 168.82±6.97cm, 평균체중은 63.32±9.73kg이었다. 2. 초음파작업시테이블의높이따른척추기립근근활성도비교 (%RVC) 초음파치료중재시테이블의높이가증가함에따라척추기립근의근활성도는 T10과 T12의좌우측, L4의좌측에서테이블의높이가높아짐에따라척추기립근의근활성도가낮게나타났다 (p<0.05). L2의좌우측, L4의우측척추기립근에서는치료테이블의높이가높아짐에따라근활성도가낮게나타났으나통계학적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (Table 2). 초음파치료중재시척추기립근의부위에따른근활성도를비교한결과, 45cm, 67.5cm 높이의테이블에서우측척추기립근의근활성도는낮은부위에서높게나타났다 (p<0.05). 45cm, 67.5cm 높이의테이블에서좌측

292 대한물리의학회지제 8 권제 3 호 Table 2. Differences in erector spinae %RVC between different table height Left Right *, p<.05 45cm 56.2cm 67.5cm F p T10 162.30±50.27 a 134.23±37.96 b 126.67±35.35 b 5.07.01* T12 171.05±51.17 a 149.63±48.14 ab 135.61±42.82 b 3.53.03* L2 191.06±74.73 169.32±66.21 150.86±56.18 2.31.11 L4 214.64±96.68 a 168.16±68.72 b 157.83±53.94 b 4.05.02* T10 137.29±48.16 a 120.58±31.37 ab 109.80±24.02 b 3.71.03* T12 160.74±67.01 a 136.13±49.77 ab 117.94±28.81 b 4.44.02* L2 189.69±71.03 167.43±70.73 147.78±46.25 2.71.07 L4 208.38±88.18 178.34±82.18 166.58±59.32 1.93.15 Table 3. Differences in erector spinae %RVC between different spinal level Left Right *, p<.05 T10 T12 L2 L4 F p 45cm 162.30±50.27 171.05±51.17 191.06±74.73 214.64±96.68 2.70.05 56.2cm 134.23±37.96 a 149.63±48.14 ab 169.32±66.21 b 168.16±68.72 b 5.01.00* 67.5cm 126.67±35.35 135.61±42.82 150.86±56.18 157.83±53.94 2.17.10 45cm 137.29±48.16 a 160.74±67.01 ab 189.69±71.03 bc 208.38±88.18 c 4.74.00* 56.2cm 120.58±31.37 136.13±49.77 167.43±70.73 178.34±82.18 2.20.09 67.5cm 109.80±24.02 ab 117.94±28.81 ab 147.78±46.25 cd 166.58±59.32 cd 9.84.00* 척추기립근, 56.2cm 높이의테이블에서우측척추기립근의근활성도는낮은부위에서높게나타남을보였으나, 통계학적으로는유의하지않았다. 또, 56.2cm 높이의테이블에서좌측척추기립근의근활성도는 T10, T12, L4, L2 순으로나타났다 (p<0.05)(table 3). Ⅳ. 고찰조립작업에서테이블높이는작업자의 WMSDs를유발시킬수있는데 (Jeong 등, 2001), 적절치못한테이블높이에서초음파치료작업을수행하는물리치료사도 WMDSs에노출될가능성이제기되었다 (Hong 등, 2011). 이에본연구에서의자높이 45cm의 1배, 1.25배, 1.5배를비례적으로설정하고테이블높이를등간격으 로증가시켜척추기립근근활성도변화를관찰하였다. 굴곡자세를취하게되는퍼팅동작에서 L4 척추기립근근활성도증가가일어났는데 (Seong 등, 2006) 체간의굴곡자세를일으키는초음파작업도흉추보다요추부, 즉낮은분절의척추기립근을더많이활성화시켰다. 즉, 굴곡작업이흉추부에비해서요추부의근피로도가더증가할수있다는 Sung 등 (2009) 의연구와일치하는결과이다. 이결과는초음파작업의반복수행이하위수준의척추분절 WMSDs를일이킬수있는가능성을보여주는것이다. 따라서, WMSDs 유발요인과이를를예방할수있는방법을모색해야한다. 상지동작으로인한고유수용성정보는중추신경계로되먹임되어척추기립근을활성화시키는앞먹임기전에이용되며 (Zedka 등, 1997), 되먹임-앞먹임기전은신체중력중심점이동에대한보상적조절에이용된다

물리치료사의초음파작업시테이블높이에따른척추기립근의근전도활동분석 293 (Nezihe와 Cumhur, 1987). 본연구에서도마찬가지로척추기립근근활성도변화가관찰되었다. 테이블높이가낮아짐에따라왼쪽 T10, T12, L4 수준의척추기립근과오른쪽 T10, T12 수준의척추기립근의근활성도는테이블높이가낮아짐에따라유의하게증가하였다. 그리고비록유의한변화는아니었지만왼쪽 L2 수준과 L2, L4 수준의척추기립근의근활성도도증가하였다. 왼쪽척추기립근이오른쪽보다좀더유의한반응을보이는이유는오른쪽상지작업에대한신체중력중심점이동에대한보상적조절로생각된다 (Nezihe와 Cumhur, 1987). 항중력자세에서작업은척추기립근근활성도를유의하게증가시키는반면, 누워있는자세와같이중력을대항하지않아도되는자세에서근활성도변화는유의하지않다고알려져있다 (Nezihe와 Cumhur, 1987). 따라서초음파작업으로인한보상적척추기립근근활성도증가를줄여주기위해서, 오른쪽과왼쪽으로작업분담을실시하거나등받이의자등과같은항중력을활동을지지해줄수있는보상방법을제공해야할것이다. 본연구에서테이블의높이가낮아질수록척추기립근근활성도가증가되는이유는체간굴곡의영향때문으로생각된다 (Nouwen 등, 1987). 실제로체간굴곡각도가증가하면척추기립근의근활성도는점진적으로증가된다 (Cho, 2011). 이것은체간굴곡각도증가가굴곡모멘트를증가시켜 (Neumann, 2011), 이를보상하기위한앞먹임-되먹임기전으로발생되는것이다. 따라서체간과테이블사이에지지를제공하여굴곡모멘트를감소시켜주고, 테이블의높이를조절하여보상적근활성도증가를줄여주어야할것이다. 본연구에서는의자높이의 1.5배로테이블높이를설정하는것이가장편안한작업이었다. 이와같은 WMDS를일으키는요소는매우다양하다. 작업자의자세와습관, 의자와테이블사이의거리, 의자의높이, 상지작업의범위와작업속도등, 많은요인들이존재한다. 초음파작업에서테이블높이는현장에서가장주요하게작용하는요인으로작용하므로본연구는다양한영향요인들중에서테이블높이의영향을살펴보았다. 그외에영향변수들은최대한통 제한실험적환경을조성하였다. 따라서본연구가수행한테이블높이변수이외의다른영향변수에대한평가를실시하여, WMSDs를줄일수있는올바른작업환경을조성하는데노력이필요할것이다. 일반적으로물리치료사는 1일 30명이상의환자를맞이하게되는데, 초음파치료를반복적으로수행하고있다. 비록높은중량작업이아니고가벼운형태의작업이지만, 반복적으로동일한작업을반복수행할경우근육내대사산물축적으로통증을일으킬수있으며 (Chaffin 1973), 비록낮은강도의통증이지만계속지속될경우이차적 WMSDs를일으킬수도있다. 이에많은물리치료사들이근골격계통증을호소하고있다 (Hong 등, 2011). 그럼에도불구하고근골격계문제를일으키는작업환경의개선에대해서는인식이부족하다. 물리치료사스스로가근무환경의질을개선시키려는노력이절실한시점이며, 건강한물리치료사가환자에게최선을다할수있다는인식전환이필요하다. Ⅴ. 결론본연구는건강한성인 25명을통해초음파작업시치료테이블의높이에따른척추기립근의근활성도변화를 %RVC로비교하였다. 본연구는초음파작업시테이블의높이가낮아질수록척추기립근의근활성도가높아지는것과낮은분절의척추기립근근활성도가높아지는것을확인할수있었다. 본연구결과는척추기립근의근활성도는테이블높이를의자높이의 1.5배로하였을때, 가장낮다는것을보여주고있다. References Bae YH, Lee JH, Yoo HJ et al. Associations between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain, Quality of Life and Presenteeism in Physical Therapists. Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 2012;22(1): 61-72.

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