THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Aug.; 30(8), 629639. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.8.629 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis of Electrical Disturbances from Vehicle Load Dump Transient Pulse 윤현복 나완수 Hyunbok YunWansoo Nah 요약 ISO 16750-2. Alternator, Alternator.,.,.,,.. Abstract In this study, we propose both a methodology and a model for predicting the output signal obtained by applying ISO 16750-2 load dump pulses to a vehicle and vehicle components. Vehicle load dump pulses transiently occur in the event of a discharged battery being disconnected while the alternator is generating a charging current, with other loads remaining on the alternator circuit. In such cases, this current instantaneously flows into the other electrical component connected through the power line of the alternator. As such a vehicle load dump transient pulse is a signal having a large amount of energy, it is necessary to take precautionary measures at the development stage with respect to the main factors causing malfunctions of the electrical equipment. To do this, we have designed an equivalent circuit of the load dump pulse generator and simulated virtual loads using software with an analysis function to predict the pulse signal applied to the load. The simulated results for an automobile washer motor were compared with actual experimental results obtained through the actual load dump pulse generator; the maximum voltage, rise time, and pulse width were predicted when the load dump pulse was applied. This paper shows that it is possible to establish countermeasures for electrical disturbances from the vehicle load dump transient pulse in the actual product development and research stage. Key words: EMC, Load Dump, Immunity Test, Automotive Transient, Surge (School of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University) Manuscript received July 18, 2019 ; Revised August 21, 2019 ; Accepted August 26, 2019. (ID No. 20190718-068) Corresponding Author: Wansoo Nah (e-mail: wsnah@skku.edu) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 629
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2019.. 서론 10,, ECU(Electronic Control Unit), 5G,..,, EMC(Electro Magnetic Compatibility)., ISO 16750-2 [1]. Alternator, Alternator [2]. (Surge), Alternator.,, ECU,,.,,.. 로드덤프펄스분석 2-1 로드덤프펄스과도현상정의 ISO 16750-2. 1 [2]. 2 [1]. t, U, t d, t r, U A DC, U s. 그림 1.. 1:, 2:, 3:, 4: Fig. 1. Circuit diagram for load dump pulse. 1: defective connection, 2: alternator, 3: DUT, 4: battery. 그림 2.. t:, U:, t d :, t r :, U A :, U s : Fig. 2. Load dump pulse. t: time, U: test voltage, t d : duration of pulse, t r : rising slop, U A : supply voltage for generator in operation, U s : supply voltage. 630
1. 12 V 24 V Table 1. Pulse for load dump in a system with 12 V and 24 V nominal voltage (ISO16750-2). Parameter U N =12 V Type of system U N =24 V U s [V] 79 U s 101 151 U s 202 R i [] 0.5 R i 4 1 R i 8 t d [ms] 40 t d 400 100 t d 350 t r [ms] 10 (0, 5) 10 (0, 5) Minimum test requirement 10 pulses at 1 min intervals 1 [1]. 1, 12 V 24 V. 12 V, U s 79 V 101 V. 2 U s U A, U A U s. 40 ms 400 ms, 10 ms 5 ms, 1 10 10. 2-2 로드덤프펄스발생기의신호측정 ISO 16750-2,,,. TESEQ NSG 5500,.. 400 ms, 10 ms, 13.5 V, 87 V, 2 Ω, 3. 3, 그림 3. Fig. 3. Measured load dump pulse signal with no load condition. 103.2 V, 400 ms, 10.6 ms, ISO 16750-2.,. Matlab, 1 Ohm 1,265.6 J, 400 ms 3,164 Watt,,.. 로드덤프펄스발생기모델링 3-1 로드덤프펄스발생기등가회로 RC. 631
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2019., 400 ms RC. 5 b u(t) (1), U 0 t=0. 그림 4. Fig. 4. Equivalent circuit of a load dump pulse generator.. 4 [3]. C w, SW. IGBT. C w R w t d. R r C r t r.. 5 [3]. C w a b C w, 0.1U s U 0 10 %, (2). (2) (1) (2), t d (3). (3) (3) C w R w 2.3 400 ms., 6 [3]. t r 10 % 90 %. R r C r 10 ms RC. 6 On u(t). (1) 그림 5. Fig. 5. Partial circuit for determining the pulse width. 그림 6. Fig. 6. Partial circuit for determining the rise time. 632
(4) (4) 6 (5). (5) U o 10 % 90 %, (6). (6) (5) (6), t r (7). (7) (7) C r R r 2.3 10 ms. 3-2 로드덤프펄스발생기등가회로모델링 2-2 3..., 3-1 ANSYS Simplorer.. 7. 3-1 RC 그림 7. Fig. 7. Pulse shaping network simulation schematic.,. PS1 105 V, C w 50 mf, R w 3.45 ohm, C r 5 mf, R r 0.87 ohm. 3-1 (3) (7) ISO 16750-2. 8. 87.0701 V, 7.5 ms, 467 ms. 2.2 3 13.5 V. 9. 7,. PS1 105 V, C w 45 mf, R w 3 ohm, C r 그림 8. Fig. 8. Pulse shaping network simulation results. 633
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2019. (a) (a) Pulse shaping network (a) (a) Coupling method of the load dump pulse with the battery voltage (b) (b) Coupled with battery 그림 9. Fig. 9. Virtual load and battery power connection simulation schematic. (b) U A (b) Load dump pulse coupled to operating voltage U A 그림 10. Fig. 10. Coupling method of the load dump pulse signal with the battery power. 5.3 mf, R r 1.2 ohm, Battery 14.5 V. R i, 2 ohm ISO 16750-2 [1],, 2 ohm. 13.5 V 10 [3]. (+) (). 3 103 V.. 로드덤프펄스발생기모델링의유효성 4-1 저항소자를이용한유효성검증 3. 2, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 ohm 6. 11 12.,, 3. 2 4., 10 %. 2 ohm.,, 2 4 2 ohm. (10 ohm ). 2 ohm, 634
. 13 2. 3 C w. 2, 100 ohm 0.83 ms 8.1 %. 10 ms,. 14. 그림 11. Fig. 11. Experimental configuration for validation of modeling. 그림 12. Fig. 12. Resistance element for the experiment. 표 2. : Table 2. Results of validation test: Peak voltage. Resistance [ohm] Peak voltage [V] Experimental Peak voltage [V] Simulation Error [%] 2 50.4 37.3482 25.9 10 85.2 72.9013 14.4 20 92.8 82.8474 10.7 30 96 86.8106 9.6 50 98.4 90.2585 8.3 100 100 93.0535 6.9 그림 13. Fig. 13. Comparison graph of peak voltage. 표 3. : Table 3. Results of validation test: Rise time. Resistance [ohm] Rise time [ms] Experimental Rise time [ms] Simulation Error [%] 2 9.6 6.854 28.6 10 10.4 8.533 18.0 20 10.2 8.965 12.1 30 10.32 9.159 11.3 50 10.48 9.314 11.1 100 10.28 9.45 8.1 635
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2019. 그림 14. Fig. 14. Comparison graph of rise time. 400 ms 40, 3. 2 ohm 5.4 % 3, 100 ohm 1.5 %. 15 4. 15 4. 4-2 실제자동차부품을이용한실험 4-1 그림 15. Fig. 15. Comparison graph of pulse width.,. DC., 17. 42.4 V, 7.4 ms, 444 ms.,. 2 ohm DC. 18 DC. 표 4. : Table 4. Results of validation test: Pulse width. Resistance [ohm] Pulse width [ms] Pulse width [ms] Error Experimental Simulation [%] 2 116 109.767 5.4 10 240 244.064 1.7 20 292 298.979 2.4 30 313 325.53 4.0 50 344 351.795 2.3 100 370 375.52 1.5 그림 16. Fig. 16. Washer motor. 636
그림 18. Fig. 18. Equivalent circuit of washer motor. (a) (a) Entire signal for the pulse width confirmation (b) (b) Expand signal for the rise time confirmation 그림 17. Fig. 17. Load dump pulse of washer motor.. LCR,., DC 12 ohm. 그림 19. LCR Fig. 19. Measurement of impedance with LCR meter. 19 LCR 1.77 ohm 0.55425 mh., 20. 41.1371 V, 7.189 ms, 412.706 ms 17 7 %. 637
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2019. 그림 20. Fig. 20. Washer motor simulation results. 표 5. Table 5. Comparison of washer motor experiment and modeling simulation. Parameter Peak voltage [V] Rise time [ms] Pulse width [ms] Experimental washer motor Simulation Experimentalsimulation Error 42.4 41.1371 1.2629 3.0 % 7.40 7.189 0.211 2.9 % 444.0 412.706 31.294 7.0 % 5. 132.28 J 297.9 Watt, 127.98 J 310.1 Watt 5 %.. 결론 EMC.,,..,., Load dump pulse,.,.,., (varistor) TVS (transient voltage suppressor zener diode),. ( ).,,,,. References [1] Road Vehicles - Environmental Conditions and Testing for Electrical and Electronic Equipment - Part 2: Electrical Loads, ISO 16750-2 4th ed. 2012. 638
[2] Road Vehicles - Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and Coupling - Part 2: Electrical Transient Conduction along Supply Lines Only, ISO 7637-2 Standard 2nd ed. 2004. [3] TESEQ, Introduction ISO 7637 and variants full 2016. [4] TESEQ, FLX 5510 user manual English. https://www.teseq.ch/en/products/downloads/user-manual/ FLX_5510.pdf [5] J. M. Woo, M. N. Ju, H. S. Lee, S. M. Kang, S. K. Choi, and J. B. Lee, "Vulnerability case analysis of the high power electromagnetic pulse on digital control system," The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 698-706, Sep. 2017. [()/] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6507-9889 2008 2: () 2008 3: () 2018 3: [ 주관심분야 ] RF, EMI/EMC, ESD, Transient, Near Field Scan [/] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-3294 1984 2: ( ) 1986 2: ( ) 1991 2: ( ) 19911993: SSCL Guest Collaborator 19931995: 1995: [ 주관심분야 ] SI, PI, EMI/EMC 639