1992 (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC) 4 1 12 1 (National Communication) 2., 2, 2 (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6),, (7), (8), (9),.,,,. 2 (Executive Summary) 3.
ABSTRACT Pursuant to Article 4, and Article 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), all Parties to the Convention shall communicate information to the Conference of the Parties(COP). To develope the action strategy under the Convention in order to prevent global warming and to mitigate greenhouse gas emission and to improve the preparation of the second national communication, this report makes the draft of the second 'National Communication' of the Republic of Korea as a part of the effort to comply with the UNFCCC. The draft of the second national communication of the Republic of Korea that is made in this report consists of chapters dealing with (1) Executive Summary, (2) National Circumstances Relevant to Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, (3) Greenhouse Gas Inventory Information, (4) Policies and Measures, (5) Projections and the Total Effect of Policies and Measures, (6) Vulnerability Assessment, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures, (7) Financial Resources and Transfer of Technology, (8) Research and Systematic Observation, and (9) Education, Training and Public Awareness. On the one hand, to overcome complexity and constraints, this research report is made by co-research with other research institutes and experts. The executive summary of the draft of the second national communication of the Republic of Korea is provided at Chapter III of this report.
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. (Greenhouse Effect). (IPCC) 3 (2001 1 ) 20 100 0.6 10~25cm. 2100 1990 1.4~1.5 88cm. 70 1.0, 10 0.7. 50.,,.,, 1992 RIO (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC). 1997, 2001 11 7 (Annex I ) 2008 ~2012 1990 5.2%. 1)., 1), EU,,, 84, 2002 11 13 21 97 EC 37.4%.
. (Non-Annex I ), 10 OECD,.,,., 4 1 12 (decision 10/cp.2) (Noational Communication)., OECD,, (,, ),,.. Non-Annex I 1998 3 1. 2002 6 84 Non-Annex I 1, Annex I 3. Non-Annex I 2, Annex I 5, 2003 2. 2),, 2 1 2) 2..
. 3),. 4), Annex I (FCCC/CP/1999/L.3/Add.1). 2 1 (III~XII),, 2. 5) 3) 1 Non-Annex I Annex I., 2 Annex I. 4),,,,,,.,,,. 5) 1., 2003 Task Force,.
. 1. (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC) 6),, (National Communication) (Conference of Parties, COP). ( 4 1 12 ) 1, 2, 3. 1998 3 1, 2002 6 1 I (Non-Annex I Parties) 84 1., I (1994 3 ) 1 2, 2001 11 3. OECD,, I. I, OECD.,. 6).
,,,.,,.,,. 2. 6 1... 4 1,.., 12..,,.
.,,,,,..,,,...,,,..,,,..,,,,,,,,,,..,,,,..,,.. 12., 12 1 4 1,..
.., 2 10 (decision 10/cp.2), 12 I (Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention).,,,,, 1,,. 2 10 I,. 1998 3 1 I (FCCC/CP/1999/ L.3/Add.1)., 2003 2. 3. I I.
I (FCCC/CP/1999/ L.3/Add.1).,. (Executive Summary) (National Circumstances relevant to Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals) (Greenhouse Gase Inventory Information) (Policies and Measures) (Projections and The Total Effect of Policies and Measures) (Vulnerability Assessment, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures) (Financial Resources and Transfer of Technology) (Research and Systematic Observation), (Education, Training and Public Awareness) 15 (Executive Summary). (National Circumstance),,. (government structure), (population profile), (climate profile), (geographic profile), (economic profile),,
,.. (Summary (Descriptive Summary). 1) Tables) 1990 2. 2003 1990 2001.,. 2),,,. (policy making process).,.
1),,. (planned), (adopted) (implemented). 7). 2),,,,,., (cross-sectoral policies and measures).,,. 3).,..,,. 4) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7).
(quantitative)., (economic), (fiscal), (voluntary) (negotiated) (agreements), (regulatory), (information), (education), (research). (planned), (adopted) (implemented), ( ) ( ).,. (estimate), (methods)., (costs), ( :, ), (interaction).,.,,. (national circumstances) (implemented) (adopted). 1) (with measure), (without measure),
(with additional measure). 8) (implemented), (adopted). (planned).,, (baseline reference). 2).,., 1995, 1990. 3),. (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, PFCs, HFCs, SF 6 ),,,,., Global Warming Potential(GWP).,,. 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 8) 3. I 3,,,.
, 1990. 4)... 1990 2000 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020. 5),.,,,,., (qualitatively).,.,., (IPCC)
(Technical Guideline), (UNEP).,,,. 4 3~5, (, ) (adverse effect). Global Environment Facility(GEF).,.,,.,.. 4 1 (g) 1 (h), 5 12 1 (b), I (systematic observation). ( : World Climate Programme, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, the Global Climate Observing System, IPCC), (capacity-building).
, UNFCCC (FCCC/CP/1999/L/4/Add.1). 1). 2), : 1 ( 古 ) 2 3 4 5. 3),,,.,. 4 1 (i), 6 12 1 (b), I,.. 1,,
2 3 4 5 6 7,.
. Executive Summary 1.. 33 38, 124 132, 1999 99,434km 2 2/3, 19%.,,,,.,,,, 10~16., 1,100mm~1,400mm 1,000mm~1,800mm. (CDD) 700~800, (HDD) 2,500~3,000. 2000 7 47,275, 23,832, 23,443 100 101.7. 476 /km 2, 3. 65 7.1%. 10 22 ha, 2000 1,889 ha. 60.8% 1,149 ha, 39.2% 740 ha.. (N 2 O) 50%.,,, 2000 112,895. 1970
, 1986 1995 8.8%. 11,,,,. 2000 4.6%, 42.8%, 52.6%. 20%, (12%), (11%)., 2001 19%. (GDP) 1990 2,525 2000 4,617 1.8. 1 GDP 1990 5,890 2000 9,766 1.6., 1997 IMF,, 1998. 2000 1 192.9 TOE 10, 13. 97.2%, 376. 2001 198.4 TOE 2000 2.9%, 336.9. 2001 50.7%, (23.0%), (14.1%), LNG(10.5%), (0.5%), (1.2%)., 55.7%, (21.5%), (20.9%), (1.9%).,,.,,, 3., 1970 127 2001 12,694 30 100.,.
2. 6 (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 ) 2000 /, 1990 ~2000. 2000 134,459 TC 7.5%., / 86.6%, 11.2%, -1.2%, 2.8%, 0.6%. ( TC) ( ) GDP (10, 95 ) 1 (TC/ ) /GDP (TC/,95) 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 '90~'00 (%) 82,566 118,851 136,131 114,117 125,060 134,459 5.0 42,869 45,093 45,954 46,287 46,617 47,008 0.9 263,430 377,350 423,007 394,710 437,709 478,553 6.2 1.93 2.64 2.96 2.47 2.68 2.86 4.0 0.313 0.315 0.322 0.289 0.286 0.281-1.1 1990 ~2000 1990 82,566 TC 2000 134,459 TC 5.0%, 1 4.0% 2000 2.86TC., 1990 1996, 1990 0.313TC/ 2000 0.281TC/ 1.1%. 5.9%. 1996 HFCs, PFCs, SF 6.
Ⅲ- 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 67,567 101,490 118,530 102,295 111,569 119,705 (81.8) (85.4) (87.1) (89.6) (89.2) (89.0) 5,160 12,035 14,925 11,863 13,940 14,995 (6.2) (10.1) (11.0) (10.4) (11.1) (11.2) 4,377 4,327 4,387 4,231 4,094 3,982 (5.3) (3.6) (3.2) (3.7) (3.3) (3.0) -6,476-5,794-8,428-9,948-10,422-10,156 -(7.8) -(4.9) -(6.2) -(8.7) -(8.3) -(7.6) 11,937 6,793 6,717 5,676 5,879 5,934 (14.5) (5.7) (4.9) (5.0) (4.7) (4.4) 82,566 118,851 136,131 114,117 125,060 134,459 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) '90-'00 (%) 5.9 11.3-0.9 4.6-6.8 5.0, 1990 ~2000 1.8%, 2.8%., 1990 ~2000 0.9% 3.3%.,, 6.8%.,, 4.6%. 1990 ~2000 6.1% 7.4%, 6.4%., CFCs HFCs, PFCs SF 6 1997 3.0%.
3.,. 2001 2002 2004 2,. Ⅲ-,, CNG,,,,,,,., (1), (2), (3), (4). (1)
, (2) CNG, (3).,,,.,,,, (1) (2) 4. 2000 ~2020, (implemented) (adopted). Bottom-up IPCC Guideline,,. 2020 2000 80%. 1 2020 2000 66%. 2020 2000 30%..
Ⅲ- 200.0 온실가스배출 160.0 인당온실가스배출 120.0 80.0 (2000=100) 온실가스원단위 ( 배출 /G DP) 40.0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2000 93.2% 93.9% 0.7%p. 2000 83% 2020 75%, 2000 10% 2020 19%. 2000-7% 2020-3%. 2000 87% 2020 80%, 2000 6.5% 2020 3.9%, 2000 2.7% 2020 4.7%., CFCs HFCs HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 2020 2000 3. 5.,,.,,
,,,,,.,.,.,,,,. Ⅲ- 기후변화및지구온난화 기후변화영향및취약성,,,,,,,,,,, 적응수단,,,,,,,,
,,.,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,. 6. (UNFCCC),. (GEF) GEF US$ 550., OECD. KOICA (Climate Technology Partnership - Korea).
7..,,,,,.,,.,,,.,.,,.,,,,.,.,,. (WMO) (GAW) (IGBP), (GCOS).
( Ⅲ 5 ),,. 1995. 8. ~ 1997.12. ( ) 1998. 4. ~ (CO 2 ) ppm (1 ) (NDIR) (CH 4) ppm (30 ) (GC-FID) (N 2 O) ppb (1 ) (GC-ECD) (CFC 11, CFC 12 ) ppt (3 ) (GC-ECD),,.,.,, KoFlux. 8.,.,,.
.,.,.,., (1993 ~), (1985 ~).,,,.,.,,,.,,,,.,,.,..
. 1..,,. 33 38, 124 132, 1999 99,434km 2. 1,000km, 300km 3,200. 기타 16% 농경지 19% 산림 65% :, 2/3, 1,000m,
., 19% ( IV-1 ).. ㆍ. 2.,,,.,,. 1971 2000, 10~16, 8 23~27, 5 16~19, 10 11~19, 1-6~7. (1971 ~2000 ) 1100~1400mm, 1000~1800mm, 1450~1850mm. 50~60%. [ IV-2] 2001.,,. 9 10,. 7 80%, 9 10 70%. 6 6, 30. 28, 2~3.,, 700~800, 2,500~3,000 4. < IV-1>.
:
( ) 1980 10.8 3,081 451 1985 11.6 3,055 725 1990 12.8 2,558 674 1995 12.2 2,739 646 1996 12.2 2,844 742 1997 13.2 2,625 785 1998 13.8 2,323 803 1999 13.2 2,560 829 2000 12.7 2,759 824 2001 12.8 2,721 844 :,, 3. 2000 7 47,275 0.89%, 23,832, 23,443 100 101.7. (6,057 ) 0.8%, 25. 476 /km 2, 3. ( ) (%) ( /km 2 ) 1990 42,869 0.99 431.8 1995 45,093 1.01 454.3 1996 45,545 1.00 458.4 1997 45,991 0.98 462.4 1998 46,430 0.95 465.6 1999 46,858 0.92 468.8 2000 47,275 0.89 472.6 :
1960 3.0%, 1970 2%, 1985 1%. 2005 48,460, 2020 50,650. < IV-2>. 25~29 434 (9.2%), 30~34 426 (9.0%), 35~39 425 (9.0%). 65 7.1%, (UN) 7%, 14% 2000. 4., 5... 1991. 1995. 10. 5. 1970, 1986 1995 8.8%.
11.,,,,.,. 1960 1990,. 2000 4.6%, 42.8%, 52.6%. 1970 6 4, 2000 2 8.( IV-3 ), 1970 26.6 1.5 21.0 6.6 44.3 60.8 39.2 1975 24.9 1.6 25.9 5.9 41.7 52.1 47.9 1980 14.7 1.5 28.2 10.1 45.5 46.4 53.6 1985 12.5 1.2 29.3 10.5 46.5 41.5 58.5 1990 8.7 0.6 29.2 13.8 47.7 34.1 65.9 1995 6.2 0.4 29.4 13.4 50.6 26.9 73.1 1996 5.8 0.4 28.9 13.7 51.2 26.6 73.4 1997 5.4 0.4 28.9 13.7 51.6 24.6 75.4 1998 4.9 0.4 30.9 12.5 51.2 23.0 77.0 1999 5.1 0.4 30.7 11.4 52.4 24.1 75.9 2000 4.6 0.3 31.5 11.0 52.6 22.9 77.1 :
1 :, 2002 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 11,505 12,247 11,794 12,319 12,638 10.4% 9.7% 10.1% 8.7% 7.8% 8,066 7,143 6,008 6,443 6,657 7.3% 5.7% 5.1% 4.6% 4.1% 6,523 6,633 5,472 5,863 5,967 5.9% 5.3% 4.7% 4.1% 3.7% 21,798 27,086 25,185 27,647 28,848 19.7% 21.5% 21.6% 19.6% 17.7% 4,806 5,132 4,005 4,294 4,618 4.3% 4.1% 3.4% 3.0% 2.8% 9,409 10,411 9,555 10,567 11,402 8.5% 8.3% 8.2% 7.5% 7.0% 46,491 55,571 53,046 72,110 90,981 41.9% 44.1% 45.4% 51.0% 55.8% 2,229 1,894 1,670 2,053 1,904 2.0% 1.5% 1.4% 1.5% 1.2% 110,827 126,117 116,735 141,295 163,015 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%,, 1,.,,,,,,,,,. 2001 20%, (12%), (11%), (6%),,,., 2001 19%, (16%), (9%),,, UAE. (GDP) 1990 2,525 2000 4,617 1.8. 1 GDP 1990 5,890 2000 9,766 1.6.( IV-5 )
GDP (10 ) 1 GDP( / ) 1985 93.4 2,289 1990 252.5 5,890 1995 489.4 10,853 1996 520.0 11,417 1997 476.6 10,363 1998 317.7 6,843 1999 405.8 8,660 2000 461.7 9,766 : 1970 1990. 1990,., 1997 IMF,, 1998. 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000-22 -85-230 -82 404 245 112 441 1,110 659 944 1,207 1,069 1,169-198 -43 34-82 -78 13 186-790 -1,099-1,209-1,398-2,174-3,244-4,447-99 108 206 378 377 350 204 483-189 -80-28 -66-179 -187-388 -143-134 -29-80 -319-288 -160-193 -158-124 -180-230 -154 :,,
,,,,,.., IMF,. 6.,, 10 22 ha. 2000 1,889 ha. 60.8% 1,149 ha, 39.2% 740 ha.( IV-7 ) 5 110%. 1965 2,256 (100) 1,286 (57.0) 970 (43.0) 1970 2,298 (100) 1,273 (55.4) 1,025 (44.6) 1975 2,240 (100) 1,277 (57.0) 963 (43.0) 1980 2,196 (100) 1,307 (59.5) 889 (40.5) 1985 2,144 (100) 1,325 (61.8) 819 (38.2) 1990 2,109 (100) 1,345 (63.8) 763 (36.2) 1995 1,985 (100) 1,205 (60.7) 779 (39.3) 1996 1,945 (100) 1,176 (60.5) 769 (39.5) 1997 1,924 (100) 1,163 (60.4) 761 (39.6) 1998 1,910 (100) 1,157 (60.6) 753 (39.4) 1999 1,899 (100) 1,153 (60.7) 746 (39.3) 2000 1,889 (100) 1,149 (60.8) 740 (39.2) 2001 1,876 (100) 1,146 (61.1) 730 (38.9) :,
1970 563 356 124 83 1975 886 481 238 167 1980 828 448 196 184 1985 807 414 186 207 1990 1,104 562 256 286 1995 954 472 223 259 1996 908 456 209 243 1997 882 446 199 237 1998 860 447 187 226 1999 842 444 179 219 2000 801 423 171 207 : 1980,.,,. 1990 1,345 ha 2000 1,149 ha.. (N 2 O) 50%. (CH 4 ),.,. 1995 95,407, 2000 112,895,.
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 1,286 1,556 1,361 2,553 1,622 2,594 1,590 1,406 24 86 180 390 504 553 544 548 23,633 29,939 40,130 51,081 74,463 85,799 102,547 102,393 1,126 1,247 1,784 2,853 4,528 6,461 8,214 8,720 26,069 32,828 43,455 56,877 81,117 95,407 112,895 113,067 :,, 7. 1960, 1973. 1,2 (1973 ~1987 ), 3 (1988 ~1997 ). 2000 ha 63.47m 2. ( ha) ( m 2 ) ha (m 2 ) 1970 6,611 66,750 10.07 1975 6,635 105,352 15.88 1980 6,568 145,694 22.18 1985 6,531 179,381 27.47 1990 6,476 248,426 38.36 1996 6,448 323,780 50.21 1997 6,441 340,824 52.91 1998 6,436 363,560 56.49 1999 6,430 387,758 60.30 2000 6,422 407,575 63.47 :,
65%,. 30 87% 13%.,,.,.,. 1965 5,370 (100) 3,216 (59.9) 1,186 (22.0) 964 (18.0) 4 (0.1) 1970 5,700 (100) 3,268 (57.3) 1,207 (21.2) 1,219 (21.4) 6 (0.1) 1975 5,981 (100) 3,201 (53.5) 1,099 (18.4) 1,677 (28.0) 4 (0.1) 1980 6,301 (100) 3,249 (51.6) 1,148 (18.2) 1,899 (30.1) 5 (0.1) 1985 6,267 (100) 3,281 (52.4) 1,158 (18.5) 1,823 (29.0) 5 (0.1) 1990 6,286 (100) 3,079 (49.0) 1,389 (22.1) 1,810 (28.8) 8 (0.1) 1995 6,263 (100) 2,877 (45.9) 1,668 (26.6) 1,710 (27.4) 8 (0.1) 1996 6,273 (100) 2,864 (45.6) 1,674 (26.8) 1,727 (27.5) 8 (0.1) 1997 6,260 (100) 2,788 (44.6) 1,686 (26.9) 1,778 (28.4) 8 (0.1) 1998 6,264 (100) 2,742 (43.8) 1,675 (26.7) 1,839 (29.4) 8 (0.1) 1999 6,262 (100) 2,727 (43.5) 1,676 (26.8) 1,851 (29.6) 8 (0.1) 2000 6,268 (100) 2,711 (43.2) 1,666 (26.6) 1,885 (30.1) 6 (0.1) :. 14 C 35,.,,,,,,. 35 45 6 14 C,
.,,,,. 8. 2000 192.9, 10, 13. 97.2%, 376. 1998 8.1%, 1999 9.3% ( 1 ), 2000 6.4%., 2000 6, 3, 2. LNG * 1980 13,199 26,830-496 869 2,517 43,911 1985 22,022 27,142-915 4,186 2,031 56,296 1990 24,385 50,175 3,023 1,590 13,222 797 93,192 1995 28,091 93,955 9,213 1,369 16,757 1,051 150,437 1996 32,200 99,898 12,172 1,301 18,481 1,161 165,212 1997 34,799 109,080 14,792 1,351 19,272 1,344 180,638 1998 36,039 90,582 13,838 1,525 22,422 1,526 165,932 1999 38,155 97,270 16,849 1,517 25,766 1,806 181,363 2000 42,911 100,279 18,924 1,402 27,241 2,130 192,887 2001 45,711 100,385 20,787 1,038 28,033 2,456 198,409 : 1997, * 1992.. :,,.
2001 198.4 TOE 2000 2.9%, 336.9., 2001 50.7%, (23.0%), (14.1%), LNG(10.5%), (0.5%), (1.2%)., 55.7%, (21.5%), (20.9%), (1.92%)... * 1980 16,571 4,905 14,034 2,087 37,597 1985 20,014 6,707 18,180 2,096 46,998 1990 36,150 14,173 21,971 2,812 75,107 1995 62,946 27,148 29,451 2,416 121,962 1996 67,868 29,792 31,713 2,659 132,033 1997 77,908 32,079 33,071 2,715 145,773 1998 76,039 26,184 27,418 2,487 132,128 1999 79,858 28,625 31,929 2,648 143,060 2000 83,912 30,945 32,370 2,625 149,852 2001 85,158 31,909 32,893 2,989 152,950 :,,. ( ) 16% 3~4%. 1990 ~1999 18.5%.,, 1985 76.2%
2000 97.2%.,, 1999 72.3% 2000 52.6%.,,. 1997 60.4%, 2001 50.7%.,. 9.,,,,.,,.,.. 1980 8,545 404 65 8,039 9 1 1990 14,487 645 1,102 12,722 8 11 1995 13,559 790 1,450 11,290 9 21 1996 13,803 820 1,471 11,480 9 24 1997 13,315 833 1,559 10,887 10 26 1998 13,189 829 1,548 10,784 8 20 1999 12,900 824 1,590 10,456 9 21 2000 13,021 814 1,763 10,411 10 23 :,,
1980 23,186 10,798 4,920 7,463 5 1990 44,187 13,663 9,325 21,127 72 1995 76,110 13,838 18,213 43,936 123 1996 78,647 12,947 19,114 46,452 134 1997 80,377 12,710 22,219 45,299 149 1998 53,361 10,372 9,387 33,462 140 1999 53,149 10,072 9,227 33,699 151 2000 60,680 10,803 11,412 38,298 167 :,,,,. 1975 12 2000 132 10. 3.. -km, 2000 38,298 63% 2/3.,. 1980 249 42 226 9 528 1990 2,074 383 924 11 3,395 1995 6,006 612 1,816 33 8,469 1996 6,893 663 1,962 34 9,553 1997 7,586 719 2,072 36 10,413 1998 7,581 749 2,105 35 10,470 1999 7,837 994 2,298 35 11,164 2000 8,084 1,428 2,511 37 12,060 2001 8,889 1,257 2,511 37 12,694 :,,
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 ( ) ( / ) : 61 84 249 557 2,075 6,006 8,084 8,889 531 419 153 73 21 7.5 5.8 5.3. 1970 127 2001 12,694 30 100. (,, ). 1970 61 1980 249, 1985 2001 8,889.. 1970 531, 1980 153, 1990 21, 2001 6.
. 1. 4 (1)(a), 12 (1)(a) /.. 1998 1, /. 2002 11 8. 6 (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 ) 2000 /, 1990 ~2000. (CRF) 2 CRF. 9) 2. 2000 2000 134,459 TC 7.5% 10).. /, 86.6%, 11.2%, 9) 2003 2. 10). /,,,,.
-1.2%,, 1990 ~ 2000 2.8%, 0.6% 2000 ( TC) ( TC) (%) 134,459 9,399 7.5. 2.7% 2.5% 1990 ( TC) 51,894. 1990 ~2000 (%) 5.0 1998. 11) 2000., IPCC( ) IPCC Guideline 1996 Revised Version Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. IPCC Guideline, IPCC Tier 1. PFCs SF 6 Tier 2. IPCC. Tier 2, 1990. 11),, 2000 3
CH 4 6.8% N 2 O 2.7% HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 3.9% 기타부문의 CO 2 6.9% 에너지관련 CO 2 79.7% 2000 CO 2 80%, CO 2 7% ([ V-1] ). 가정상업 14.8% 공공기타 0.9% 전환부문 28.8% 수송부문 20.1% 산업부문 35.4% * 2000 년에너지연소부문온실가스배출량 : 118,509 천 TC * 전년대비증가율 : 7.3% 2000 118,509 TC 7.3%.,,., 2000
(TC/TOE) 0.614 0.9% CO 2 117,985 TC 7.3%. 2000 7.2% 1,196 TC. 1998. 2000 4,150 MT 1.1%. 878.0 TC 10.5%, ( 2.3%, 2.0% ) LNG (12.3% ). HFCs,PFCs,SF 6 소비 34.8% 금속생산 0.3% 화학업종 14.1% 광물생산 50.8% * 2000 년산업공정부문온실가스배출량 : 14,995 천 TC * 전년대비증가율 : 7.6% 2000, (13.7%) HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 (12.5%) (9.2%)
4.0% (7.6%). 2000 2.7% 3,982 TC. 2000 CH 4,, CH 4 343.5, N 2 O N 2 O 8.3. 2000 CH 4 7.5% CH 4 149.9, N 2 O.. IMF WTO. 비료시비 17.6% 장내발효 19.4% 분뇨분해 13.6% 벼논 49.4% * 2000 년농업축산부문온실가스배출량 : 3,982 천 TC * 전년대비증가율 : -2.7% 2000 10,156 TC. /,
11,299 TC, 84 TC, 1,059 TC. CO 2 2000 2.5% 10,156 TC. 용도변경 0.8% 토양 10.4% 총흡수 111.3% * 2000 년토지이용, 토지이용변경및임업부문 CO 2 순흡수량 : 10,156 천 TC * 전년대비증가율 : -2.5% * 용도변경및토양은배출요인임 2000 1998. 1990, 1990., 60% 30%, 40%.
산업폐수 0.3% 폐기물소각 22.1% 생활폐수 4.9% 매립 72.7% * 2000 년폐기물부문온실가스배출량 : 5,934 천 TC * 전년대비증가율 : 0.9%
/ CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 N 2O HFCs PFCs SF 6 ( ) (CO 2 ) ( TC) % 470,056.8-41,429.7 1,525.7 42.6 5,098.7 2,343.5 11,697.7 134,459.0 100.0 1. 432,612.8 251.2 3.3 119,704.6 89.0. ( ) 432,612.8 42.4 3.3 118,508.9 88.1 1. 125,080.1 0.1 0.7 34,169.6 25.4 2. 142,064.0 9.8 1.4 38,921.7 28.9 3. 86,638.4 14.6 0.7 23,769.8 17.7 4.,,, 78,830.3 17.9 0.5 21,647.8 16.1 5. NO NO NO 0.0 0.0. 0.0 208.8 0.0 1,195.7 0.9 1. 0.0 55.5 0.0 317.7 0.2 2. 0.0 153.3 0.0 878.0 0.7 2. 28,819.4 20.7 21.3 5,098.7 2,343.5 11,697.7 14,994.7 11.2. 27,928.2 0.0 7,616.8 5.7. 748.4 20.7 21.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,119.0 1.6. 142.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.9 0.0. 0.0 0.0. HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 5,098.7 2,343.5 11,697.7 5,220.0 3.9. NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.0 0.0 3. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4. 0.0 0.0 493.4 13.7 3,981.7 3.0. 134.6 770.7 0.6. 15.3 5.4 541.6 0.4. 343.5 1,967.5 1.5. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0. 8.3 701.9 0.5 5. 4,191.0-41,429.7 0.0 0.0-10,156.0-7.6. 0.0-41,429.7-11,299.0-8.4. 308.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0 0.1. CO 2 3,883.0 0.0 1,059.0 0.8. NO NO NO NO 0.0 0.0 6. 4,433.6 760.5 4.4 5,934.0 4.4. 0.0 753.5 4,315.4 3.2. 3.5 3.2 288.9 0.2. 3.5 0.0 20.2 0.0. 4,433.6 0.0 1.2 1,309.5 1.0. NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.0 0.0
3. (1990 ~2000 ) 1990 ~2000, 1990 82,566 TC, 2000 134,459 TC 5.0%, 1 1990 4.0% 2000 2.86TC. 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 '90~'00 (%) ( TC) ( ) GDP (10, 95 ) 1 (TC/ ) /GDP (TC/,95) 82,566 118,851 136,131 114,117 125,060 134,459 5.0 42,869 45,093 45,954 46,287 46,617 47,008 0.9 263,430 377,350 423,007 394,710 437,709 478,553 6.2 1.93 2.64 2.96 2.47 2.68 2.86 4.0 0.313 0.315 0.322 0.289 0.286 0.281-1.1 1990 1996. 1990 0.313TC/ 2000 0.281TC/ 1.1%. /, 1990 67,567 TC, 2000 119,705 TC 5.9%. 1990 82% 1998 89%.
1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 67,567 101,490 118,530 102,295 111,569 119,705 (81.8) (85.4) (87.1) (89.6) (89.2) (89.0) 5,160 12,035 14,925 11,863 13,940 14,995 (6.2) (10.1) (11.0) (10.4) (11.1) (11.2) 4,377 4,327 4,387 4,231 4,094 3,982 (5.3) (3.6) (3.2) (3.7) (3.3) (3.0) -6,476-5,794-8,428-9,948-10,422-10,156 -(7.8) -(4.9) -(6.2) -(8.7) -(8.3) -(7.6) 11,937 6,793 6,717 5,676 5,879 5,934 (14.5) (5.7) (4.9) (5.0) (4.7) (4.4) 82,566 118,851 136,131 114,117 125,060 134,459 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) '90-'00 (%) 5.9 11.3-0.9 4.6-6.8 5.0 1990 11.1%, 1990 5,160 TC 2000 14,995 TC 3. 2000 3,982 TC 1990 0.9%, 1998. 1990 6.8%, 1990 1999 8% 2000 7.6%.
4. / (1990 ~2000 ) 1) IPCC CO 2 1980, 1990 6.1% 1990 65,171 TC 2000 117,985 TC. CO 2 (A) ( TC) (B) ( ) GDP (C) (10, 95 ) (D) ( TOE) 1 CO 2 (A/B) (TC/ ) CO 2 /GDP (A/C) (TC/, 95) (A/D) (TC/TOE) 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 '90-'00 (%) 65,171 100,056 116,935 100,834 109,954 117,985 6.1 42,869 45,093 45,954 46,287 46,617 47,008 0.9 263,430 377,350 423,007 394,710 437,709 478,553 6.2 93,192 150,437 180,638 165,932 181,363 192,887 7.5 1.52 2.22 2.54 2.18 2.36 2.51 5.1 0.247 0.265 0.276 0.255 0.251 0.247 0.0 0.699 0.665 0.647 0.608 0.606 0.612-1.3 1 CO 2 1980 1990,. CO 2 1990 1.52TC 2000 2.51TC 5.1%. (CO 2 /TOE),,, 1990 ~2000 1.3% 1990 0.699TC/TOE 2000
0.612TC/TOE.. CO 2 (CO 2 / ) 1990, 1997 0.28TC/. 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 10,342 22,649 30,668 25,865 28,660 34,113 (15.9) (22.6) (26.2) (25.7) (26.1) (28.9) 23,780 36,226 41,256 38,426 40,107 41,799 (36.5) (36.2) (35.3) (38.1) (36.5) (35.4) 11,508 20,923 23,565 19,980 21,811 23,629 (17.7) (20.9) (20.2) (19.8) (19.8) (20.0) 17,635 18,996 20,138 15,459 18,205 17,361 (27.1) (19.0) (17.2) (15.3) (16.6) (14.7) 1,905 1,263 1,308 1,104 1,172 1,084 (2.9) (1.3) (1.1) (1.1) (1.1) (0.9) 65,171 100,056 116,935 100,834 109,954 117,985 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) '90-'00 (%) 12.7 5.8 7.5-0.2-5.5 6.1 CO 2, 12.7% CO 2. CO 2. Tier 1 Tier 2. Tier 1/2 CO 2 Non-CO 2.
LPG LNG 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 25,853 29,346 36,348 37,665 39,910 44,942 (39.7) (29.3) (31.1) (37.4) (36.3) (38.1) 14,915 26,099 34,161 35,238 37,244 41,539 (22.9) (26.1) (29.2) (34.9) (33.9) (35.2) 37,390 64,838 71,158 54,349 59,304 60,982 (57.4) (64.8) (60.9) (53.9) (53.9) (51.7) 33,533 56,877 60,777 43,863 47,961 48,660 (51.5) (56.8) (52.0) (43.5) (43.6) (41.2) 2,568 4,494 4,669 4,207 4,998 5,623 (3.9) (4.5) (4.0) (4.2) (4.5) (4.8) 1,290 3,467 5,713 6,279 6,346 6,699 (2.0) (3.5) (4.9) (6.2) (5.8) (5.7) 1,927 5,872 9,428 8,820 10,739 12,062 (3.0) (5.9) (8.1) (8.7) (9.8) (10.2) 65,171 100,056 116,935 100,834 109,954 117,985 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) '90-'00 (%) 4.9 10.7 5.3 4.1 7.7 19.4 21.0 6.0 CO 2,, LPG, LNG 1990. 10.7%,, LPG 7.7% CO 2. 19.4% CO 2, 1990. LNG 1990 21.0% 1990 3% 10%. LNG.
Non-CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O. CH 4. CH 4 1990 125.5 2000 42.4. N 2 O 1990 2.4 2000 3.3 1.4. 2) CH 4,,,. CH 4 2000 1990 24% 318 TC,,, CH 4 2000 878 TC 1990 18.6%. / 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 1,318 438 345 334 321 318 (89.2) (49.5) (32.7) (33.6) (28.8) (26.6) 159 448 711 658 794 878 (10.8) (50.5) (67.3) (66.4) (71.2) (73.4) 1,477 885 1,056 992 1,116 1,196 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) '90-'00 (%) -13.3 18.6-2.1
,,., 1996 HFCs, PFCs, SF 6. CO 2 1990 4.5% 2000 7,860 TC, CH 4 N 2 O 14.5% 44.8%. 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 CO 2 (98.6) (72.9) (61.2) (62.2) (54.6) (52.4) 5,085 8,779 9,128 7,377 7,615 7,860 CH 4 (0.6) (0.6) (0.7) (0.9) (0.8) (0.8) 30 74 102 107 113 118 44 793 918 1,315 1,573 1,797 N 2 O (0.9) (6.6) (6.2) (11.1) (11.3) (12.0) 675 1,036 785 1,180 1,391 HFCs n.a. (5.6) (6.9) (6.6) (8.5) (9.3) 594 653 530 639 PFCs n.a. n.a. (4.0) (5.5) (3.8) (4.3) '90-'00 (%) 4.5 14.5 44.8 10.3 2.5 SF 6 n.a. 1,714 (14.2) 3,147 1,627 2,929 3,190 (21.1) (13.7) (21.0) (21.3) 0.5 5,160 12,035 (100.0) (100.0) 14,925 11,863 13,940 14,995 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) 11.3 : 1. n.a.: not available 2. HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 1997 ~2000.
HFCs, PFCs SF 6 34.9%(2000 ), HFCs CFCs SF 6. 1). 1990 1,233 ha 1999 1,055 ha. CH 4, CH 4 1990 2,349 TC 2000 1,968 TC 1.8%. N 2 O N 2 O. N 2 O 1990 934 TC 2000 702 TC 2.8%. 2),. 1990., 1990 704 TC 390 TC 2000 771 TC 542 TC 0.9% 3.3%.
1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 90-00 (%) 4,377.4 4,326.7 4,386.6 4,231.1 4,094.0 3,981.7-0.9 703.8 1,022.9 1,057.7 970.0 857.5 770.7 0.9 390.3 529.0 558.2 550.9 541.5 541.6 3.3 2,349.4 1,991.6 1,931.2 1,961.7 1,956.9 1,967.5-1.8 933.9 783.2 839.5 748.5 738.0 701.9-2.8-6,476.0-5,794.0-8,428.0-9,948.0-10,421.6-10,156.0 4.6-7,155.0-6,867.0-9,564.0-11,087.0-11,551.6-11,229.0 4.7 46.0 71.0 79.0 82.0 84.0 84.0 6.2 / 633.0 1,002.0 1,057.0 1,057.0 1,046.0 1,059.0 5.3 11,936.8 6,793.2 6,717.1 5,675.5 5,879.1 5,934.0-6.8 11,446.7 5,930.2 5,693.3 4,670.7 4,579.6 4,315.4-9.3 297.6 290.4 290.8 286.9 287.7 288.9-0.3 14.8 18.4 17.2 15.7 17.8 20.2 3.1 177.7 554.2 715.9 702.3 994.1 1,309.5 22.1 :,,, 3), 1990 6,476 TC 2000 10,156 TC 4.6%. 4) 12) 1990, 12) 2000.
1998, 56.2%, 25.2%., 1990 14,000 / 1998 16,231 / 1.9%, 1990 3,446m 3 / 1998 4,068m 3 / 2.1%. 13),, < V-8>. IPCC IPCC. IPCC /. 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 '90-'00 (%) IPCC 459.4 582.4 645.0 437.8 404.0 481.9 0.5 1,497.5 4,320.8 5,470.6 5,691.4 6,156.7 5,738.6 14.4 459.4 1,692.1 2,013.8 1,659.3 1,744.3 1,830.2 14.8 1,497.5 4,320.8 5,470.6 5,691.4 6,156.7 5,738.6 14.4 987.3 1,302.3 1,665.8 1,890.9 2,238.4 2,639.5 10.3 13),, pp164-166.
,. 1990 0.5% IPCC 14.4%. 900~1,400 TC 1997 1998. 1990 10.3% CO 2 6.1%.
1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 82,565.5 118,850.7 131,743.5 136,131.1 114,117.2 125,059.8 134,459.0 1. 67,567.4 101,489.6 111,571.3 118,530.5 102,295.2 111,568.7 119,704.6. ( ) 66,090.2 100,604.1 110,606.1 117,474.5 101,303.0 110,453.1 118,508.9 1. 10,364.9 22,690.9 27,149.2 30,717.0 25,910.1 28,707.5 34,169.6 2. 22,372.6 33,868.2 36,131.2 38,343.3 35,880.0 37,369.7 38,921.7 3. 11,573.9 21,044.5 23,079.7 23,704.9 20,099.4 21,941.7 23,769.8 4.,, /, / 21,778.8 23,000.6 24,246.0 24,709.4 19,413.5 22,434.2 21,647.8 5. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0. 1,477.2 885.5 965.2 1,055.9 992.1 1,115.6 1,195.7 1. 1,318.0 437.9 379.0 345.4 333.9 321.3 317.7 2. 159.2 447.6 586.1 710.5 658.3 794.3 878.0 2. 5,159.9 12,035.3 15,475.0 14,924.9 11,863.5 13,939.5 14,994.7. 4,852.4 8,435.0 8,506.9 8,820.0 7,094.6 7,326.0 7,616.8. 280.1 1,173.4 1,233.3 1,281.5 1,668.6 1,940.6 2,119.0. 27.5 37.6 42.1 46.3 35.6 34.3 38.9. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0. HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 0.0 2,389.4 5,692.7 4,777.0 3,064.7 4,638.7 5,220.0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4. 4,377.4 4,326.7 4,366.4 4,386.6 4,231.1 4,094.0 3,981.7. 703.8 1,022.9 1,087.3 1,057.7 970.0 857.5 770.7. 390.3 529.0 542.1 558.2 550.9 541.5 541.6. 2,349.4 1,991.6 1,979.0 1,931.2 1,961.7 1,956.9 1,967.5. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0. 933.9 783.2 758.0 839.5 748.5 738.0 701.9 5., -6,476.0-5,794.0-6,720.0-8,428.0-9,948.0-10,421.6-10,156.0. -7,155.0-6,867.0-7,842.0-9,564.0-11,087.0-11,551.6-11,299.0. 46.0 71.0 76.0 79.0 82.0 84.0 84.0. CO 2 633.0 1,002.0 1,046.0 1,057.0 1,057.0 1,046.0 1,059.0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6. 11,936.8 6,793.2 7,050.8 6,717.1 5,675.5 5,879.1 5,934.0. 11,446.7 5,930.2 6,090.7 5,693.3 4,670.7 4,579.6 4,315.4. 297.6 290.4 289.5 290.8 286.9 287.7 288.9. 14.8 18.4 17.8 17.2 15.7 17.8 20.2. 177.7 554.2 652.8 715.9 702.3 994.1 1,309.5. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. (1990 ~2000 ) 14) 2000 1999 7.3% 470,057 TCO 2 (128,197 TC). IPCC 2000 117,985 TC,, 10,212 TC. 80% 15), 1980, 1990 6.1% 1990 65,171 TC 2000 117,985 TC. 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 '90-'00 (%) CO 2 ( TC) 1 CO 2 (TC/ ) CO 2/GDP (TC/, 95) (TC/TOE) 65,171 100,056 116,935 100,834 109,954 117,985 6.1 1.52 2.22 2.54 2.18 2.36 2.51 5.1 0.247 0.265 0.276 0.255 0.251 0.247 0.0 0.699 0.665 0.647 0.608 0.606 0.612-1.3 1 10 1980. 5.1% 1990 1.52TC 2000 2.51TC. (CO 2 /TOE),, 1990 ~2000 14). 15).
1.3%, 1990 0.699TC/TOE 2000 0.612TC/TOE. (CO 2 /GDP) 1990 1997 0.28TC/. 350 300 발전 28.2% 250 200 수송 20.0% 150 산업 35.4% 100 50 가정상업 14.7% 공공기타 0.9% 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 [ V-7], ( 12.7%) ( 7.5%) (6.1%).. 2000, 28%, 20%, 35%, 15%,.
LPG LNG 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 25,853 29,346 36,348 37,665 39,910 44,942 (39.7) (29.3) (31.1) (37.4) (36.3) (38.1) 14,915 26,099 34,161 35,238 37,244 41,539 (22.9) (26.1) (29.2) (34.9) (33.9) (35.2) 37,390 64,838 71,158 54,349 59,304 60,982 (57.4) (64.8) (60.9) (53.9) (53.9) (51.7) 33,533 56,877 60,777 43,863 47,961 48,660 (51.5) (56.8) (52.0) (43.5) (43.6) (41.2) 2,568 4,494 4,669 4,207 4,998 5,623 (3.9) (4.5) (4.0) (4.2) (4.5) (4.8) 1,290 3,467 5,713 6,279 6,346 6,699 (2.0) (3.5) (4.9) (6.2) (5.8) (5.7) 1,927 5,872 9,428 8,820 10,739 12,062 (3.0) (5.9) (8.1) (8.7) (9.8) (10.2) 65,171 100,056 116,935 100,834 109,954 117,985 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) '90-'00 (%) 4.9 10.7 5.3 4.1 7.7 19.4 21.0 6.0, < V-13>, LPG, LNG 1990. 10.7%,, LPG 7.7%. 19.4% 1990. LNG 1990 21.0% 1990 3% 10%. LNG.
2000 1999 2.5% (42.5 ) 1,526 (8,738 TC).,. 1990 6.4%.. 1990,,. CH 4 천톤 600.0 CH 4 천톤 2,200.0 500.0 농업축산 1,900.0 400.0 폐기물 ( 오른쪽축 ) 1,600.0 300.0 200.0 에너지 1,300.0 100.0 1,000.0 0.0 산업공정 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 700.0 1990, -9.2%, -1.0%, -4.1%, 14.5%..
2000 1999 6.8%(2.7 ) 42.6 (3,602 TC). 2000,. N 2 O 천톤 50 40 30 산업공정 20 폐기물 10 농업 0 에너지 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000,., 1999.. 1990 7.4%., 44.8%, -0.8%, 3.3%, 3.1%.
CO 2 천톤 18,000 15,000 12,000 SF 6 9,000 6,000 3,000 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 HFCs PFCs HFCs, PFCs SF 6 2000 1999 12.5% (2,131 TCO 2 ) 19,140 TCO 2 (5,220 TC). HFCs, PFCs ( Chamber Cleaning ). SF 6, 80%. 2000, HFCs 36% PFCs 19%, SF 6 45%. 1997 HFCs, PFCs SF 6 3.0%. HFCs 10.3%, PFCs 2.5%, SF 6 0.5%. [ V-10] 1996 SF 6.
.. 1998 1999 2.,,,, (CDM) : (2002)
1.,,,.,,,,, CNG,,,,,,, : (2002)
1998 1 (1999 ~2001 ),, 27 ESCO, 111, 2001 2 (2002 2004 ). (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) 5 84. ( : ) :,, :,,,, ( : ) : 6,
2.,. 1998 4 2001 9 (422 ). ( : ) ( : ), 6 5.( VI-1 ), (www.pcsd.go.kr). ㆍ ㆍ,, 1992 (UNCED) 21,.,, 2001 3, 2001 3. 3.,.
CNG : (2002) 3 ESCO (VA) CNG, / 1 / /
2001 2 (2002 ~2004 ).,.,, (1), (2), (3), (4). (1), (2) CNG, (3).,,,.( VI-2 ),,,, (1) (2).( VI-3 ) (CDM) (JI) DB : (2002)
( VI-2 ) ( VI-3 ),, < VI-4> < VI-5>.
4. 16) 2000 89%. 17),,.,,,,. 1) 3 1980, 2001 1,239, 377 1,616. 1,784 TOE. ( ) 2002 2003 2004 90 130 170 390 ESCO 50 80 110 240 ( ) 380 430 479 1,289 520 640 759 1,459 : (2002) (http://www.kemco.or.kr/diagnosis) 16) < VI-4> < VI-5>,,,.,,. 2003, Task Force. 17) (28.9%), (35.4%), (20.0%), (14.7%).
3 (2002 ~2004 ), 2,000TOE 2,096, 5,000TOE 1,052., 2,000TOE 350. 2).,, 2 ㆍ.,,. 2002 ~2004 168 TC( 56 TC). 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 38 60 72 70 55 ( ) 251 363 540 664 561 : (2002) (2002) 3),.,. 2002 ~2004 4.
4),. 2002 ~2003 2004. 5) ESCO ESCO 1991 1992, 93 2001 1,000., know-how,,.,,. 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 3-1 - 1 6 10 25 46 66 158 : (http://www.kemco.or.kr/esco) 1993~1998 1999 2000 2001 197 244 519 548 1,508 480 648 856 751 2,735 : (http://www.kemco.or.kr/esco), ESCO., 2002 ESCO 2001 924 990, 2001 9 5.25% 4.5%.
2003 ESCO ESCO., ESCO ESCO 2003 ESCO., ESCO. ESCO 269 TC.. 1) 1998 2001 376 ( : 5 ). 2000 51,844 TOE 49.5%. 18) 1998 1999 2000 2001 15 67 212 376 506 15 52 145 164 376 : (http://www.kemco.or.kr/va) 18) ( ) 3 TOE, 3 TOE.
. 2003 600 84%.,,., 2002,,, 2004 2 2,000TOE 1,300. 2003 600, 5,087 TC. 2),, 2001 8.9%.,. 2004 136, 2001 ~2004 821, 1,108 TOE.,,. (CES). 1)
.,. 2001 ~2004 16.8, 2003 1 2%, 3.93 TC. 2),., 2002 2 2002 4,,., 2001 10 (Green Village), 2003 3., /,,, ( ) ( ) 2.,. 2002 ~2004 47.5.
3),. 6.5MW 2001 11, 2 50MW 2004., 100MW 2004., (240MW) (480MW) (2003 ~2006 ) (2007 ~2010 ),. 2001 ~2004 180. 4), LNG. 1987 ~2000 18.2%, 1999, 2010. 2002 ~2004 1,780 2004 1,698,., LNG. 2002 2,442km., 2004 446kl(35 ). 2001 ~2004 2,715, 2000 58.7% 2005 67.2%, 2010 73.0%.,
2002 ~2010 14.5 TC. 5),.., 2001 1,372 kw 26.8%, 1,089 kwh 39.3%. 2001 12, 4 16, 2002 5 (1GW) 6 (1GW), 2004 5 (1GW). 2005 ~2015 6 1~4, 1~2, 2 9., 2008,.,. 2002 ~2015 12 (13.6GW) 637TWh, 6 1,742 ( 4,410 ), LNG 4 237 ( 2,874 ).
1) 2001 1,,, 20%,.,., 8 2001 5,,. 2. 2001 ~2004 2.5, 2020, 2020 63.5 TOE(64.5 TC) 15%. 1996 6, 26mm 32W, 26mm 32W,,,, 1998 2, 1999 6,,,, ㆍ, 2000 5,, T-5,, 2001 3,, LED 22 - : (http://www.kemco.or.kr/efficiency-system/efficiency-4)
2) 1996 12,. 1996 2001 22, 2001 11 135 759.( VI-11 ) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005~2009 5 3 2 2 2 5 19 22 24 26 28 33 : (2002), 2001 22 2004 28 2009 33.,,,.,. 2001 ~2004 22.2, 2010 460 TOE. 3) 1992 (1~5 ). 1992 5 2001 11 5,294, 1~2 3,849 73%.
1992,,,, 1994 1999, 2000 2001, : (http://www.kemco.or.kr/efficiency-system/efficiency-2),, 1~2. 2002, 2003. 2010 20.,.,, 1~2 90%,,. 2001 ~2004 10.9, 747 TOE. 4), 2001 8 18 (1~3 ),. 2003 2004 ~2010.
23%. 2002 ~2004 1.5. 5),,,,,,. 1999 10 2000 12, 2001, 2002 1.,, 5, 5 10., (, ), ( ),.,,,,, (LCA). 2001 ~2004 3.7.
5., CNG. 1),. 1997 88.2 7.6 4.0 0.2 56.6 10.5 0.1 32.8 2004 81.3 14.2 4.3 0.2 49.7 14.2 0.3 35.8 : (2002) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 100 100 100 100 100 100 55.9 56.1 58.8 57.5 55.4 52.5 29.3 25.7 28.5 29.3 30.2 31.9 4.7 10.9 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 10.1 7.3 9.4 10.0 11.1 12.2 : (2002) 1997 7.6% 2004 14.2%, 10.5% 14.2%., 1997 88.2% 2004
81.3%, 56.6% 49.7%. 1999 2, 20 (1999 12 ) 5 1 (2001 3 ). 1 (2000 ~2004 ) 99.9 ( :56.1% 52.5%, :25.7% 31.9%, :10.9% 3.4%, : 7.3% 12.2%), 1. 2),. 4 33% 2010 50% ( 173 1,392km) 864. 4, 2001 ~2004 161.5, 27.5, 4.5. 3).,,, 12 401.4km, 5 7 144km. 2004 422.74km, 2007 545.4km.,. ~ (7.8km) ~ (23.9km)
.. 4), 2000 1.,,,,,,., 2001 8 127 510.4km, 2000 11 35 4,908km. 1) CNG. 1998 7, ( 36 2 ). 2002 3 16 1,128, 1,059, 34.
,,,.,,.,, /,.,. CNG, 2001 ~2004 5,129, 2005 2,467., 13~25%. 2),, 1983. 1988 ( ) 800cc ( ), 1991. 1997 ( ), 1998 ( )., 1995.,,. 2001 713 8.0%.
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2,728 3,461 4,271 5,149 6,006 6,894 7,586 7,581 7,837 8,084 8,889 32 89 138 176 206 299 364 490 598 664 713 (%) 1.2 2.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.8 6.5 7.6 8.2 8.0 :,, 2003 10%.,. 2001 ~2004 176, 10%, 2001 8,889 215 TOE. 3) 20%,. 2002 HSDI (1,200 2,000cc ) Euro-III, 2005 Euro-IV.,,. 1),. 1996, 1998 12
(CVO), 1999 ~2000 (EDI) ( DB)., 2001 7. 2002 ~2005 5, 19) 3 (2002 ~2003 ). 2001 ~2004 167.9,., 1998 15%, 14%. 2),,,,,.,,,, ( 1,100mm 1,100mm ),.,, 160,.,., 2001 ~2004 430. 19) 5 1 ( ), 2 (2006 ), (2010 ) (2004 6 ).
6..,..,. 31% 26.2%., 24 (2002 ~2003 ),,,,,.,., (2002 ~2004 ),,.,., (, ).
, 2010 2000 90%, 2001 ~2004 7.1.,. 2000,.,. (integrated nutrient management),. (2002 ~2004 ),,,., 2010 2000 95%, 2001 ~2004 1.7.
. (,, ),.,. 2000 771 TC 2010 606 TC, 2001 ~2004 1.1. 1) 2).,,,,,,,.,,,
.,. 2001 (61 ) 96%, 92%.,.,, 2001 ~2004 1,593. 4 (,,, ),,, ( )., m 2.
7.,,,,,,.,. 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 (ha) 42,680 34,224 35,985 37,276 54,177 51,740 (ha) 35,523 21,366 24,312 27,296 52,588 52,055 :.. 30 76% 280 ha. 1998 2001 6,469 1,024 ha.,,..,,., 10 2007 280 ha
. 2001 ~2004 7,800.. 5%, 50%. 5 70%., (,, ). 1997 1998 1999 2000 378 281 371 240 362 248 340 270 208 123 197 83 197 89 175 114 14 16 16 11 15 14 15 14 1 1 0.3 2 0.3 2 2 4 155 141 158 144 150 143 148 138 : (2002),,., (,, ).. 2001 ~2004 1,935.
,. 5 (1997 ~2001 ) 472 6,958ha, 2000 23,794ha.,. (ha) ( m3 ) ( ) 1997 524 2,330 40,815 1,654,092 1998 265 1,014 44,092 2,516,219 1999 315 473 6,377 665,241 2000 729 25,607 1,373,302 65,241,772 2001 785 963 33,753 2,717,181 :...,.,. 2001 ~2004 1,340. 1995. 1995 1993 537 ha 1998 2,434 ha 4.5.
.,, 300.,,. 1, 2,,, 3., 1 2,. 2001 ~2004 2,051.,, (CDM) (JI). 1993 ~2001,,,, 6 8 69 ha. 2005 100 ha., 2001 ~2004 524.
8...,, 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 1),,. 1 130 m3, 1 80 m3 (550m3/min) 40. 1 6.5MW (2000 12 ~2001 11 ). 2 50MW 2004,. 1 100, 2 2002 ~2004 901. 9. 2 50MW 50 TC., 2001 ~2004 901. 2)
,.. 2001. 6 2.7MW, 2001 11., 2002 7. 2003., 1 m 2 1MW 12. 2003, 2004 ~2006. 2001 2002 2003 2004 41,800 88,000 10,500 15,000 4,800 3,000 3,000 - - - 8,500 85,000 - - - 5,500-5,500 - - 8,000-2,000 6,000-16,800-3,000 9,000 4,800 : (2002) 2001 ~2004 418, < VI-19>. 15 TC., 55 15.
1) 1 1994 3 1,, 10,,, 1. 1995 1. 1 1,,, 1 1 1 1994 1.33kg 2000 0.9kg. 1,., 2002 7,.,. 1 2003 1 1,. 2) 2000 25%(11,434 / ),.., 2000 1 5,195 / 2001 5,671 /, 2000 770 2001 60% 950., 2001
12.. 2002 ~2004 3,340 1 6,000, 1,050., 2002 ~2004 1,450.. 3) 1991,. 1991 2005 2 1,103 ( 5,967, 1 5,136 ) 105 13,458. 2002 3 34, 19. 2000 11.7% 2005 23%., 2001 ~2003 500.,. 70%,,.,..
4). 1999 ~2001 41,664 183 (19,188 / ) 72%.,. 2005 492 80%.. 2002 ~2005 8 6,904 309 (11,142 / ). 5). 1996 ~2001 4,884 ( : 1,242, : 3,642 ) 12,,,,, 3,,,,,,, 12. 2001 ~2005 4,048,,,,,,,,, 9,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, 15.
9. 1) (registry), baseline protection credit. registry. 2002,,,., /.., ESCO/., 2002 ~2004 19.8. 2)
3) (CDM) 4) (JI)
1) 2)
3) DB
. 20) 1. 2000 ~2020. (implemented) (adopted). 2, - (2002 ),,. 2.,. 2. 21) Bottom-up 20) (implemented), (adopted). I 3, 2003 2. 21).,,. 2003 2.
IPCC Guideline,,. 2. 2020. 22) 2020 2000 80% 2020 2000 66%, 2020 2000 30%.( VII-1 ) 200.0 160.0 온실가스배출 인당온실가스배출 120.0 80.0 (2000=100) 온실가스원단위 ( 배출 /GDP) 40.0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020. /, 22), 2, 2002 6, p6.
2000 93.2% 93.9% 0.7%p. 2000 83% 2020 75% 2000 10% 2020 19%. 2000-7% 2020-3%. 100% 80% 4.1 % 3.8 % 3.9 % 4.2 % 4.6 % 1.8 % 1.5 % 1.4 % 2.8 % 2.2 % 10.4 % 11.8 % 14.0 % 16.7 % 19.0 % 60% 40% 20% 82.8 % 82.2 % 80.4 % 77.6 % 74.9 % 흡수원폐기물농축산산업공정에너지 0% -20% -7.0 % -5.3 % -4.3 % -3.8 % -3.1 % 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 N 2 O CH 4 3.9 % 5.5 % 7.5 % 2.7 % 9.6 % 2.9 % 11.4 % 3.4 % 6.5 % 4.5 % 4.0 % 4.0 % 4.7 % 3.8 % 3.9 % CO 2 86.9 % 87.1 % 85.1 % 82.5 % 80.0 % 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
, CO 2 2000 87% 2020 80%, CFCs HFCs HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 2020 2000 3. CH 4 (2000 6.5% 2020 3.9% ), N 2 O (2000 2.7% 2020 4.7% ). 3.,., IMF 1998 2000 8.8% 2005 5.1%. 2000 8.8% 2001 ~2010 2000 ~2005 5.1% 2006 ~2010 5.1% 2011 ~2020 2011 ~2015 4.5% 2016 ~2020 3.7% 2000 ~2020 4.6% 2001 ~2005, 2006 ~2010, 2011 ~2015 2016 ~2020 5.1%, 5.1%, 4.5%, 3.7%. (2000 ~2020 ) 4.6%.
(KIET) (1998 8 ),, 1, 2000 12,,... 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 5.2 3.9 2.9 2.3 1.9 34.5 33.1 31.0 29.0 28.0 ( ) 34.2 32.9 30.8 28.9 27.9 60.3 63.0 66.1 68.6 70.1 (GDP) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 :. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.8 6.8 6.0 5.4 4.9 4.1 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.7 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.6 17.7 17.4 17.1 16.7 16.3 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 1 7.0 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.8 55.8 58.8 61.2 63.2 65.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 27.5 26.5 25.6 24.8 24.1 :,, 1
,.,. 2005 26.5%, 2010 25.6%, 2020 24.1%., 2000, IMF,. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 (%) 00-10 10-20 00-20 GDP (1995, ) 476.3 611.0 783.1 975.9 1170.3 5.1 4.1 4.6 ( ) 47.0 48.5 49.6 50.4 50.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 VA (%) 34.2 32.9 30.8 28.9 27.9 - - - 3 VA (%) 27.5 26.5 25.6 24.8 24.1 - - -.,,. 2002 2012 2012 2005 2010, 2015 2020.( VII-5 )
2010 2012 2015 2020 M 857 801 716 575 T1 857 801 716 575 T2 849 790 702 556 854 797 711 569 :, 2002. M 2005 ~2010 (Minimum Market Access, MMA) 23) 1988 ~1990 4% 8%, 2012 801 ha., T1 2005 ~2010 MMA 5% ha 10 10%, 2012 801 ha., T2 MMA 5% 8% 10 24%, 790 ha. 1990 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 2010 2012 2020 2,109 1,910 1,899 1,889 1,875 1,861 1,827 1,694 1,650 1,473. 2002 2012 2005 2010, 2015 2020.( VII-6 ) 2010 2020 1,694 ha 1,473 ha. 23) 1993,.
1) WTO 2001. 2001,, 2020 152.3., 88%, 2000....,,, 2012. 2),.,.,,.
,,,, 2020. < VII-7>. 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 (%) 17.8 16.9 15.1 13.4 11.6 9.8 8.0 (%) 0 5 15 25 35 45 55 (%) 0.6 0.57 0.51 0.45 0.39 0.33 0.27 (%) 0 5 15 25 35 45 55 (%) 0.6 0.57 0.51 0.45 0.39 0.33 0.27 (%) 0 5 15 25 35 45 55 3) (1) 2010, ( VII-8 )., (ionophore)... (2) 2010,
.. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 589,610 620,680 657,504 637,192 637,192 165,851 121,848 142,930 142,128 142,128 780,448 721,776 792,199 744,207 744,207 1,535,909 1,464,304 1,592,633 1,523,527 1,523,527 231,851 310,854 320,529 323,275 323,275 53,891 46,916 55,034 54,725 54,725 311,856 264,571 273,582 276,140 276,140 597,598 622,341 649,145 654,140 654,140 8,214,000 9,234,124 9,473,290 9,510,997 9,510,997 829 829 829 829 829 449,417 449,417 449,417 449,417 449,417 10,597 10,597 10,597 10,597 10,597 8,664,246 9,684,370 9,923,536 9,961,243 9,961,243 (3),,..
(4) :. :. :..,, 1. 1 1.0kg /.,. BOD,,,.,. 1997. 4,.
( m 3 ) ( m 3 ) (%) ( m 3 ) 2005 476,216 510,097 20,125 16.4 3,936 2010 553,990 607,835 19,187 20.1 4,835 2015 628,553 701,538 18,477 23.9 5,801 2020 698,528 789,475 16,821 29.2 6,937 4. 2010 3.3%, 2020 1.3%. 2020 2000 1.6 185.6 TC. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 (%) 00-10 10-20 00-20 ( TC) 118.5 144.3 163.3 172.2 185.6 3.3 1.3 2.3 (TC) 2.50 2.98 3.29 3.42 3.66 2.8 1.1 1.9 /GDP (TC/ 95, ) 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.16-1.8-2.7-2.2 / (TC/TOE) 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.60 0.1-0.4 0.2 GDP - - - - - 0.64 0.31 0.49 :., 1 2000 2.50TC, 2010 OECD 3.29TC 2020 3.66TC.
,, /GDP, 2000 0.25TC/ ( 95 ) 2020 0.16TC/. GDP 2000-2010 0.64, 2020 0.31. (%) 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 00-10 10-20 00-20 42.0 (35.4) 46.6 (32.3) 50.2 (30.8) 53.1 (30.8) 55.7 (30.0) 1.8 1.0 1.4 23.8 (20.1) 31.5 (21.8) 37.1 (22.7) 42.6 (24.7) 47.2 (25.4) 4.6 2.4 3.5 18.6 (15.7) 20.2 (14.0) 21.8 (13.3) 23.5 (13.6) 24.9 (13.4) 1.6 1.3 1.5 34.2 (28.8) 46.0 (31.9) 54.1 (33.1) 53.0 (30.8) 57.9 (31.2) 4.7 0.7 2.7 118.5 (100.0) 144.3 (100.0) 163.3 (100.0) 172.2 (100.0) 185.6 (100.0) 3.3 1.3 2.3 :,,, 2000 2000 35.4% 2020 30.0%., ( 4.6%), 2020 25.4%.
200,000 160,000 120,000 가정상업공공 수송 80,000 산업 40,000 전환 0 2000 년 2005 년 2010 년 2015 년 2020 년, 1.5%. 2000 15.7% 2020 13.4%. (%) 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 00-10 10-20 00-20 CO 2 117,985 (99.6) 143,626 (99.5) 162,521 (99.5) 171,460 (99.5) 184,728 (99.6) 3.3 1.3 2.3 CH 4 243 (0.2) 256 (0.2) 258 (0.2) 271 (0.2) 282 (0.2) 0.6 0.9 0.7 N 2 O 279 (0.2) 435 (0.3) 506 (0.3) 514 (0.3) 552 (0.3) 6.1 0.9 3.5 118,507 (100.0) 144,316 (100.0) 163,286 (100.0) 172,245 (100.0) 185,561 (100.0) 4.0 1.9 3.0 :
, 2020 2000 1.7 57.9 TC( 31.2%)., 99.5%,,. 2.3%, 0.7%, 3.5%. 1) 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 CH 4 N 2 O 2,551 TC, 2,223 TC, 1,915 TC, 1,609 TC.( VII-13 ) 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1,967,467 1,879,977 1,593,087 1,326,328 1,061,435 701,893 670,695 629,438 588,518 547,344 2,671,360 2,552,677 2,224,535 1,916,861 1,608,779 2) CH 4 2005 1,008 ha, 2010 854 ha 2015 711 ha, 2020 569 ha. 2000,,,
CH 4 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 343.6, 278.2, 231.6, 185.3 ( VII-14 ). 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 (ha) 1,055,000 1,008,086 854,000 711,000 569,000 ( ) 343,526 328,250 278,158 231,581 185,330 ( ) 1,967,467 1,879,977 1,593,087 1,326,328 1,061,435 3) N 2 O 2004 30%, 2010 40% 2002,, 2000. 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 1,805 ha, 1,694 ha, 1,584 ha, 1,473 ha, 7,933, 7,445, 6,961, 6,474 ( VII-15 ). 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 (ha) 1,889,000 1,805,000 1,694,000 1,584,000 1,473,000 ( ) 422,643 403,849 379,014 354,403 329,568 ( ) 8,302 7,933 7,445 6,961 6,474 ( ) 701,893 670,695 629,438 588,518 547,344
1) 2000 134.6Gg. 119.81Gg 89.0%,,,, 14.8Gg 11.0%. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 23.11 23.36 24.50 23.55 23.35 8.41 5.58 6.28 5.97 5.71 38.23 34.33 37.31 34.76 34.47 69.75 63.27 68.09 64.28 63.53 14.33 18.86 19.37 19.46 19.38 2.46 2.13 2.50 2.49 2.49 33.27 27.17 30.83 30.99 30.87 50.06 48.17 52.70 52.94 52.73 12.32 13.83 14.09 14.14 14.14 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 14.767 16.277 16.537 16.587 16.587 134.6 127.7 137.3 133.8 132.8 IMF 1997 2003 2010 2015, 2020, 2015 2020.
. 2) 2000, 2010 2020 2000 15.3% 24.6%. 1995 16.3% 25.5%.,, 2020. 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 10.06 11.04 10.85 8.88 8.08 7.21 6.33 1.01 1.61 0.99 0.88 0.93 0.92 0.98 0.83 1.19 1.51 1.69 1.73 1.77 1.83 1.47 1.68 1.99 2.17 2.24 2.34 2.41 13.37 15.52 15.33 13.62 12.99 12.24 11.56 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 0.46 0.50 0.49 0.52 0.54 0.55 0.58 1.03 1.65 1.01 0.96 1.05 1.06 1.16 1.75 2.50 3.18 3.57 3.66 3.76 3.89 0.48 0.56 0.69 0.79 0.83 0.86 0.90 3.71 5.21 5.37 5.84 6.07 6.23 6.53
, 2000 2005, 2010, 2015 2020 8.7%, 13.3%, 16.0% 21.6%. 2005 763 2000 1.3%, 2020 2005 44.8% 2.5%. CH 4 CO 2 N 2 O CH 4 N 2 O CH 4 2005 763,279 6,895,108 1,888 2,684 3,304 3,945 2010 850,624 9,061,829 2,528 2,949 3,405 4,140 2015 960,663 12,066,247 3,419 3,011 3,476 4,158 2020 1,105,314 16,253,281 4,663 3,050 3,522 4,158 :,, 2000 3., 2005 690 2020 1,620 5.8% 24) 2.
. 6.2%,., 2005 2020 0.9% 0.4%., 2005 2020 0.4%, 2005 3,945 2020 4,158 1.1. 2020 / < VII-20>.,. / 2005 2010 2015 2020-9,323-8,836-8,466-7,605-10,465-9,977-9,608-8,747 - -12,681-12,679-12,832-12,584-2,217 2,702 3,223 3,837 84 84 84 84 1,058 1,058 1,058 1,058
5. (Bottom-Up) KEEI. 20.,,,,. (,, ) ( ). KEEI,,,, 5,. (,, ),. (Activity) (Intensity). (Activity).,,, 8 (,, ). (,,, ).,,,
.,.,.,,,..,,,. KEEI. KEEI.
2005 2020 ( 2002, 2002 ), 2002 2002 2020. ( 2002, 2002 ), 2002 2010 2002, 2010 2020.,,, 2002 2020.,
,,,. 1) 1.5Kg, 5.5Kg, 130Kg (, 2002).. ( ),.. - : (1 1.5/135.1) 25) - : (1 5.5/474.2) 26) - ( ) : (1 130/6749) 27) 2) 25% (Van Nevel Demeyer, 1995 )., 25%. 3% (25%). 25) 135.1 1 (Kg). 26) 474.2 1 (Kg). 27) 6749 (Kg).
. - : [(1 ) ] + [ (1 0.25)] 28) 3),. 8% (,, 1998 ). 30%, 80% 2%, 1%.. 29) - : [ ] + [(1 ) (1 0.08)] - : [ ] + [(1 ) (1 0.08)] - : [ ] + [(1 ) (1 008)] 28) 2002 25% 3%. 25%. 29) 30% 2%, 80% 1%. 0.08 (%).
- : [ ] + [(1 ) (1 0.08)] IPCC., IPCC Mass Balance Method.. IPCC.. IPCC MCF,. MCF. 1996 IPCC, 4. 1996 ~2001.( VII-6 )
440,000 420,000 임목축적 ( 천 m 3 ) 400,000 380,000 360,000 340,000 320,000 기본계획 통계연보 300,000 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 연도 2020.. 임업통계연보상의임목축적 차산림기본계획상의전망치 5 (1997 ~2001 ) 0.52 TC/m 3.,, 5 0.54TC/m 3., 5 91GgC..
, / (, ) ( ).,. 5 84GgC.. 4,.,. 1997 2001 5 1,058GgC 20.
.,,. 30) 기후변화및지구온난화 기후변화영향및취약성,,,,,,,,,,, 적응수단,,,,,,,,,,,, 30) (vulnerability).
,,,,.(Markham et al., 1993).,.,.,,,.,,,,.,,. 1. 11, 14 3. 4
. 20, 30. 0 11 3, 1 7 2. 18 6 9. 7 8. 8 22-26,.. 22-30.,,. 1990 2100 2, 2.(IPCC, 2001)., 2.3~4.1, 2.5~3. -1.6~+14.3%.. 0.4~3.2%.
2.,,,,,,.,.,,,..,.,.,.,..
2 [ VIII-1]., 2,,. 31,000km2 63,000km2 2.(,, 1995, 2000)...,.
.,,,,. (1998, 1999) 8 (,,,,,,, ),.,,,,,,.,.,,.,.,.,.
,,...(Mellilo et al., 1993)..,..(Thornley et al., 1991). 100 1 2 2. (GDD: Growing Degree Days, 5 ) 2,500 200 400. 100 1,,. 100 2 150,.(, )
1995 (Julian day 130 (5 9 ) 150 (5 29 )),., 1 (Julian day 130 ) 3, 1996 < 2000 <1997 < 2001 < 1999 < 1998. 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 GDD (130 일 ) 엽장 1996 년 1997 년 1998 년 1999 년 2000 년 2001 년 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1996 2000, 1997 3.1cm, 2.5cm. 1998 9.7cm, 12.5cm. 1998. (, 5 ). 140~150 250 300~400.
엽장 (cm) 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 신갈나무복장나무 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 GDD (degree ) 1 5~7.(Sparks and Carey, 1995).. 1 0,,. 1996. 1983,,.,.
.,, 1,.. 1998 3, ( ),. 1997 11 1998 2 1.4~2.4, 1998 2 3.3 37~136%.,,.,,.,., 1967 1997 1 3~5,,, 4, 1~2,,,,, 6. 3~5.(, personal communication)
(1992 ),.,..,.., 2.,,..,.,...
1),, 1998.. 200mm 30mm.,,,,,. 6 9. [ VIII-4]. 1998 1976 1,281ha, 1987 1,073ha. 1500 1000 Area (ha) 500 0 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Year ( VIII-5 ),
,. 1400 Landslide area (ha) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 year 1998 year 1987 0 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Annual precipitation (mm) 2).(, 2001),,. 68%.,.,,,,,.
신안 태안 진도 고성철원속초 화천 양구연천포천 인제 양양동두천 파주가평양주춘천강릉홍천 의정고양부남양 김포 인천서울주구리 양평 부천하남횡성평창광명 광주시흥과 동해천성남안산원주안양정선 삼척용인여주군포의왕 이천영월화성수원태백오산제천평택안성음성단양봉화 충주울당진천안진천영주아산괴산영양진 문경서산연기예천청주안동영덕예산공주 청원 홍성 보령 서천 청양 부여 논산 부안임실정읍고창순창담양영광장성곡성광주함평화순나주 무안 목포영암 해남완도 대전 금산 익산완주군산진안김제전주 강진 장흥 보성 순천 고흥 장수 남원 구례 광양 옥천 여수 보은 무주 함양 영동 산청 하동 거창 남해 상주 김천 합천 진주 사천 성주 의령 구미 고성 고령 창녕 통영 칠곡 의성 군위 영천 대구경산청도 함안 창원 거제 밀양 마산 청송 경주 양산김해 부산진해 남제주 포항 울산 북제주 제주 [ VIII-6] 1996 2001 30ha,,. 37 22 60%, 14.(, 2002), Shin et al. (1998).,.. 2000 4, 5 10 23,794ha. 2 26.8/sec, 1996 3,762ha.(, 2001)
3.,.,.,.,,. 25, 0, 5, 10. 5 5, 5. 5,. 10,,. 15
15 15. 1 1 2. 1,, NOx, SOx,,,,,. 1 2,,,,,,.,. 1),.,,.
3~4.,.,.,,. 2) (1).,.,.,.
(2),,,,. 7 1,400, 2,000, 1,000,. 4 60.,,,,. (3). 104%, 79%, 36%, 16%, 10%, 4%.., 1.,
. (4),, 2,.,,,..,,,,.,.,,,.,. am.
,. 1,.... 4. 1) 1881 ~1990, 2 2, 8 1., 60 12 9, 0.008 /yr.( VIII-2 )
30 18 17, 0.019 /yr. 60 0.019 /yr, 30 0.035 /yr 30 60. ( VIII-3 ), 30 1000m 0.1~0.5, 2000m 0.02. (, CFCs).(Kim et al., 1996, 2001)
2), 1.627mm/yr IPCC(2001) 1.0~2.0mm/yr.( VIII-4 )
PGR (mm/yr) (mm/yr) (mm/yr) 36 36 10 127 27 1962~1992 (31) -0.42 1.315 0.895 37 38 12 128 36 1974~1999 (26) -0.37 2.250 1.88 38 37 33 129 07 1965~1999 (34) -0.34-0.237-0.577 39 37 30 130 55 1979~1999 (21) -0.31 0.118-0.192 40 36 01 129 24 1972~1999 (28) -0.31 1.435 1.125 41 35 31 129 23 1963~1999 (34) -0.30 0.583 0.283 42 35 09 128 39 1960~1976 (16) -0.26 4.633 4.373 43 35 01 128 49 1977~1999 (22) -0.27 2.022 1.752 44 35 06 129 02 1961~1999 (38) -0.28 1.862 1.582 45 ( ) 34 49 128 26 1977~1999 (23) -0.25 2.608 2.358 46 34 45 127 46 1970~1999 (30) -0.23 2.231 2.001 47 34 01 127 19 1982~1999 (18) -0.17 4.699 4.529 48 34 19 126 45 1983~1999 (17) -0.30 2.196 1.896 49 33 58 126 18 1984~1999 (16) -0.19 1.665 1.475 50 33 31 126 32 1964~1999 (36) -0.12 4.484 4.364 51 33 14 126 34 1985~1999 (15) -0.12 7.036 6.916 52 34 47 126 24 1960~1999 (40) -0.27 2.338 2.068 53 34 41 125 27 1979~1999 (21) -0.12 2.955 2.835 54 35 37 126 18 1985~1999 (12) -0.20-0.433-0.633 55 ( ) 35 58 126 38 1981~1992 (12) -0.24 6.573 6.333 56 ( ) 36 24 126 29 1986~1999 (14) -0.25 6.407 6.157 57 36 40 126 08 1989~1999 (11) -0.26 2.764 2.504 58 37 27 126 36 1960~1998 (32) -0.33-0.467-0.797 65 2.153mm/yr. 6 (,,,,, ) 0.568mm/yr, 0.910mm/yr, -0.577mm/yr( )~1.880mm/yr( ). 10 (,,,,,,,,, ) 3.125mm/yr, 1.819mm/yr, 1.475mm/yr( )~6.916mm/yr ( )
. 7 (,,,,,, ) 2.638mm/yr, 2.856mm/yr, -0.797mm/yr( )~6.333mm/yr( ). 23 2.310mm/yr, 2.220mm/yr. 23 24. 3) 1965 ~2000 112.4mg/ m3 33.2~302.5mg/ m3, 1970 1980 50mg/ m3, 1980 ~1990. 1992 ~1994 1997 ~1998 160~300mg/ m3. 1992, 1988., 1980 copepods 70~80% 1980., macroplankton amphipods, chaetognaths euphausiids. 1980 copepods chaetognaths 1980 copepods.,,. 4). 1, 1970 1990 38,.(, 2002) 2 1970 1990
60. 3 1970 1990 38,. 1980 5,000mt, 1980 1980 5,000~10,000mt, 1990 1995 13,000~32,000mt., 1970 35 30, 33 30, 1998 ~2000, 36 30, 34 30 1970 60. 1960, 1970 3,000~16,000mt, 1980 29,000mt. 1990 43,000mt.,,..,..,..,.,.,,,,
. 3..,.,.,. (red-tide),,.,,,,.,.,.,., 83%(2,393km2 ).
..,. 5. 1).,.,,..,, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.. - -
- -, - 2),,,. 3),,.,.,..,..
1) 2,.,,. 2) 2.,,,,,. 3).,... 1) ( : 2002 ~2011, : 100 )
,,. - -, - - - 2) ( : 2000 ~2006, : 14 ),,,,. -, - - (, ),, 3) ( : 2003 ~2006, : 12 ),,. -, -
4) ( : 2004 ~2006, : 8 ),,,. - - - - case study -, - 5) ( : 2000 ~2002, : 6 ),. 6) ( : 2000 ~2009, : 1037 ) 100,,.
7), ( : 2000 ~2001, : 4 ),,,.
. 1. (UNFCCC), (UNEP), (WMO),,,. 1998 1999 2000 2001 (WMO) 154,406 179,311 201,217 383,000 917,934 (ITTO) 225,000 201,691 201,691 165,237 793,619 1,756 9,828 2,902 2,902 17,388 29,937 29,417 36,128 29,051 124,533 Northern Forum 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 40,000 33,398 40,249 40,954 40,832 155,433 (CBD) 52,333 74,816 80,444 88,337 295,930 (CCD) - - 95,290 154,290 249,580 CITES 36,924 33,964 87,913 66,992 225,793 (UNFCCC) 81,324 207,127 104,647 115,421 508,519 625,078 786,403 861,186 1,056,062 3,328,729 (UNEP) 160,000 150,000 150,000 180,000 640,000 (HABITAT) 30,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 75,000 (ITTO) 30,000 50,000 20,000 50,000 150,000 (EAS) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 60,000 235,000 230,000 200,000 260,000 925,000 860,078 1,016,403 1,061,186 1,316,062 4,253,729
1998 ~2001 US$ 425.4. (UNFCCC) 1998 ~2001 US$ 50.8, (UNEP) US$ 64. 78.3%., (Global Environment Facility, GEF) 1995 ~1997 US$ 560, 1998 2 US$ 550 ( 49 )., 3.,. 2.. OECD,,, KOICA (Climate Technology Partnership - Korea). 1995 (KOICA),,,
,.,,.,, ESCO,.,,,. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 11 9 10 9 14 14 14 11 42* 21 18 18 17 20 19 19 31 163 : 1. 1995 3~4 KOICA 3, 1995 ~2002 42 163. 4 5. 1998 9 4. (1999 7, 2001 7 ) 31) Climate Technology Partnership(CTP) 4 5 ( ). (EPA), (DOE) (U.S.AID) (NREL),,,,.
., ESCO, (LFG & ).,, 2000 9 ( ). (Sempra Energy Solution) (initial survey),. ( ) CDM., SK( ) Duke Engineering and Service 2001 1. (2002 6 ), LFG CDM., ESCO,., ESCO ESCO.