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대한척추외과학회지제 13 권제 3 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 13, No. 3, pp 200~204, 2006 광배근절개없이경흉도달법을이용한상부흉추추간판탈출증의치료 - 술기보고 - 심대무 김정우 박진영 # 양환덕 # 박성규 $ 권석현 정을오 김봉규 원광대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 원광대학병원운영군산의료원정형외과학교실 #, 원광대학병원부속군포병원정형외과학교실 $ Treatment of Upper Thoracic Disc Herniation Using Transthoracic Approach without Division of Latissimus Dorsi - Technical Note - Abstract Dae Moo Shim, M.D., Jung Woo Kim, M.D., Jin Young Park, M.D. #, Hwan Deok Yang, M.D. #, Seong Kyu Park, M.D. $, Seok Hyun Kweon, M.D., Ul Oh Jeung, M.D. and Bong Gyu Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunsan Medical Center of Wonkwang University #, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kunpo Hospital of Wonkwang University $ Thoracic disc herniation is a rare condition in which a posterior approach, extrapleural approach, posterolateral approach, or transthoracic approach is currently used. The posterior approach is not recommended in thoracic disc herniation surgery because of the risk of spinal cord injury. The transthoracic approach makes it possible to remove the intervertebral disc and is considered a standard method. However, due to an extensive transverse skin incision, division of the latissimus dorsi muscles, and rib resection, the conventional open approaches involve a risk of complications, such as infection and post-thoracotomy pain syndrome; and a long period of rehabilitation and recovery is required. Excision of the intervertebral disc under thoracoscopic guidance can reduce the damage to the skin and muscles, but the equipment and surgical materials are expensive and a long learning curve is required. Therefore, we report a case and a new muscle splitting transthoracic approach that can be performed by incising 10 cm of skin longitudinally and preserving the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscles. Key Words: Upper thoracic disc herniation, Transthoracic approach, Non-division of latissimus dorsi 서 론 흉추추간판탈출증은비교적드물다고알려져있는질환으로 1), 척수손상의위험이높은후방도달법 (posterior approach) 은거의이용되지않고있으며, 주로늑골횡돌기절제술 (costotransversectomy) 를이용한후외방 도달법 (posterolateral approach) 이나외측흉막외도달법 (extrapleural approach), 흉곽을통한경흉도달법 (transthoracic approach) 등이이용되고있다. 이중에직접추간판을관찰하고제거할수있는경흉도달법이가장안전한방법으로알려져있다 2). 그러나고식적인늑골절제경흉도달법으로치료하는경우광범위한절개 Address reprint requests to Ul Oh Jeung, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Shinyong-dong, 570-711, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea. Tel: 82-63-850-1251, Fax: 82-63-852-9329, E-mail: llwind@hanmail.net - 200 -

흉추추간판탈출증에서광배근절개없는경흉도달법 심대무외 와근육의손상으로감염및흉곽절개후통증증후군등의합병증이유발될가능성이높으며, 긴재활및회복기간이필요하다. 반면흉강경을이용하여추간판절제술을시행하는경우에는피부및근육의손상을줄일수는있지만, 장비및수술재료가비싸고, 긴숙련기간이요구된다는단점이있다. 이에저자들은 10 cm 의종피부절개및광배근과전거근을분리하여근육을절개하지않으면서시행할수있는경흉도달법으로수술을시행하였으며, 유사한술식을문헌적고찰하였으나찾을수없어증례와함께보고하고자한다. 새로운술기의보고및증례 1. 병력및이학적검사 2004 년 6 월, 31 세남자환자가 2 개월전부터시작되어점차하부로진행되는배꼽이하부위의감각저하와, 시리는느낌및간헐적인하지의무력감으로인한보행장애를주소로본원외래에내원하였다. 신경학적검사나이학적검사소견은유두밑으로감각저하와배꼽밑으로이상감각소견을보이고있었으며, 이외의근력및건반사소견은정상이었으며병적반사소견은보이지않았다. 2. 단순방사선및자기공명영상 단순방사선검사상제 11 흉추및 12 흉추부위에쐐기형변형을보이고있었으나그외의이상소견은관찰되지않았다. 자기공명영상소견상제 3 흉추와제 4 흉추사이에우측후외방으로돌출된추간판탈출증의소견과중등도의척수압박 (cord compression) 소견이관찰되었다 (Fig. 1). 3. 수술방법 환자를수술대에측와위로모래주머니를이용하여고정하고, 우측상지는환자의두부위쪽으로위치시켜고정하였다. 아래쪽에위치한겨드랑이아래에는액와신경, 액와혈관이눌리지않게패드를대고다리사이와아래쪽다리의측면에도패드를대어신경등이눌리지않게보호하였다. 수술자는환자의복측 (ventral) 에위치하고환자의광배근 (latissimus dorsi muscle) 의전면경계부위를촉진하여확인하고흉추추간판탈출증이있는부위의늑골이피부절개부의중심에위치하는지를방사선으로확인하였다. 일반적접근법인견갑골내측의경계를따라피부절개를하고액와부아래를지나제 3 늑골의늑연골까지절개를연장하는제 3 늑골절제도달법이나, 척추측방근육의외측경계에서부터절제해야할늑골의흉늑골관절부위까지횡으로절개하는전방도달법과는달리광배근의전면경계부를따라추간 Fig. 1. (A) Sagittal T2 weighted magnetic resonance image shows a disc extrusion at T3/4. (B) Axial T2 weighted magnetic resonance image shows a right posterolateral disc herniation. - 201 -

대한척추외과학회지 Vol. 13, No. 3, 2006 판탈출증이있는부위의늑골을중심으로몸체와평행하게약 10 cm 정도의종 (longitudinal) 피부절개를시행하였다. 피부절개선과동일한피하절개를시행한후, 광배근의전면과전거근 (serratus anterior muscle) 의경계부를박리하여늑골에도달하였다. 늑골을절제하지않고늑골간도달법 (intercostals approach) 을이용하기위해늑골사이를전기소작기로절개하여늑골연전기 (rib spreader) 를삽입하고근육이적응하는시간을주면서서서히늑골사이를벌렸다 (Fig. 2, 3). 수술부위가깊기때문에수술현미경을이용하여밝은조명과확대된시 야를확보한상태에서늑횡돌기관절 (costotransverse joint) 을제거한후에탈출된추간판을확인할수있었다. 탈출된추간판을제거하고주변부에경막을누르는구조물이없음을확인한후에결손부를 Gelform 으로채우고창상을봉합하였다. 수술시간은 2 시간 35 분걸렸으며, 술중출혈량은 220 cc 였다. 4. 임상경과 술후다리의시린느낌은바로회복되었으며, 술후 3 일째에보행기보조하에보행을시작하고, 흉관을제거하였다. 2 주째에는보행기없이보행할수있었으며, 유두밑으로의감각저하가조금씩회복되었다. 술후 3 개월째증상은없었으며, 술전에종사하던기술직에복귀할수있었다. 1 년 6 개월최종추시상증상은전혀없었으며, 직업수행에지장없었다. 고 찰 Fig. 2. White line indicates incision to be made in skin along the anterior border of latissimus dorsi muscle. 흉추추간판탈출증은척수를압박하는원인중드물게발생하는질환으로, 흉추의척추관은경추의척추관과는달리척수의유동성이작아후방도달법으로는척수전방에위치한탈출된추간판을제거하기어려우며, Fig. 3. (A) 10 cm straight longitudinal incision is made to skin along the anterior border of latissimus dorsi muscle. (B) Instead of dividing muscle, dissection is carried out between serratus anterior muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle to preserve them. (C) Latissimus dorsi muscle is retracted posteriorly by self retractor. (D) A rib spreader is inserted to hold the ribs apart. - 202 -

흉추추간판탈출증에서광배근절개없는경흉도달법 심대무외 흉추의척수는혈액공급이불충분하여약간의조작에의해서도심한손상을받을수있어후방도달법을이용하는경우는드물며 3), 일반적으로늑골횡돌기절제술 (costotransversectomy) 을이용한후외방도달법, 외측흉막외도달법, 흉곽을통한경흉도달법등이사용되고있다. 이외에경척추경 (transpedicular) 도달법, 경후관절 (transfacetal) 도달법등이이용되고있으나, 이러한방법들은척수에대해사선 (oblique) 방향으로접근하게되어흔한형태인중앙부의탈출된추간판을직접관찰하는데는제한이있으며이로인해척수손상의위험성없이안전하게추간판을제거하기에는어려움이있다 4,5). 현재까지는흉곽을통한경흉도달법이노출을잘할수있으며, 추간판제거를가장안전하게할수있는방법으로알려져있다 2). 신경학적회복에있어서도 Mulier 등 6) 은부분또는전체적인경흉도달법에서 93% 를보여, 외측도달법에의한 80% 보다더좋은결과를보였다고하였다. 그러나경흉도달법은늑간동맥, 늑간정맥, 교감신경총, 대동맥, 대정맥등의손상이있을수있으며, 폐를노출시키면서발생하는흉막의열상, 폐렴, 무기폐등의호흡기계의합병증이생길수있다 7). 또한, 고식적인경흉도달법을시행하기위한개방성도달법은흉추도달시에피부절개의방향이횡이며, 이에따라근육의절개또한근육의주행방향과직각이되게절개하면서도달한다는단점이있으며, 제 3 늑골절제도달법의경우, 필요에따라승모근 (trapezius), 광배근 (latissimus dorsi), 주능형근 (rhomboid major), 후거근 (serratus posterior) 등의근육의일부를절제해야하는단점이있다. 최근흉강경을이용한흉추추간판절제술이시행되어근육등의손상을감소시키고이환율을감소시킨다고보고되고있으나, 이는고가의수술장비를갖추어야하고, 많은소모품을사용해야하는경제적인부담이있으며, 수술자의긴숙련기간이필요하다는등의단점이있다 8). 이에저자들은근육을절개하지않고근육의손상을최소화하기위해, 광배근의전면경계부를따라종으로약 10 cm 정도의피부절개를가하고, 광배근의전면경계부와전거근의근육면사이를분리하여늑골에도달하였다. 또한, 늑골절단에의한통증을줄이기위해늑골간도달법을이용하여, 수술현미경하에서상부흉추추간판을제거하였다. 수술시간은 Otani 등 2) 의경흉도달법과비 슷하였으며, 출혈량은 Otani 등 2) 의평균출혈량보다 160 cc 정도적었다. 1 년 6 개월최종추시상증상은없었으며, 특별한문제없이술전의직장에서일하고있어, National Murayama Hospital 의흉추추간판수술결과분류 2) 상우수한결과를보였다. 증례가한례에불과하고, 이러한술식으로수술한문헌을찾을수없어정확한비교는불가능하지만, 고식적경흉도달법을이용한 Otani 등 2) 의우수한결과와비교하였을때, 비슷한결과를보여상부흉추추간판탈출증의새로운수술적치료방법의하나로고려할수있을것으로사료된다. 참고문헌 01) Jefferson A: The treatment of thoracic intervertebral disc protrusions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1975; 78: 1-9. 02) Otani K, Yosida M, Fujii E, Nakai S, Shibasaki K: Thoracic disc herniation. Surgical treatment in 23patients. Spine 1988; 13: 1262-1267. 03) Benson MK, Byrnes DP: The clinical syndromes and surgical treatment of thoracic intervertebral disc prolapse. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1975; 57: 471-477. 04) Patterson RH Jr, Arbit E: A surgical approach through the pedicle to protruded thoracic discs. J Neurosurg 1978; 48: 768-772. 05) Simpson JM, Silveri CP, Simeone FA, Balderston RA, An HS: Thoracic disc herniation. Re-evaluation of the posterior approach using a modified costotransversectomy. Spine 1993; 18: 1872-1877. 06) Mulier S, Debois V: Thoracic disc herniation: Transthoracic, lateral, or posterolateral approach? A review. Surg Neurol 1998; 49: 599-608. 07) Fessler RG, Sturgill M: Review: Complications of surgery for thoracic disc disease. Surg Neurol 1998; 49: 609-618. 08) Regan JJ, Mack MJ, Picetti GD: A Technical report on video-assisted thoracoscopy in thoracic spinal surgery. Preliminary description. Spine 1995; 20: 831-837. - 203 -

대한척추외과학회지 Vol. 13, No. 3, 2006 국문초록 흉추추간판탈출증은드문질환이며, 후방도달법에의한추간판절제술은척수손상의위험성이있어후외방도달법, 외측흉막외도달법 (extrapleural approach), 흉곽을통한경흉도달법 (transthoracic approach) 등이이용된다. 이들중직접추간판을관찰하고제거할수있는고식적인늑골절제경흉도달법이가장안전한방법이나, 광범위한절개와근육의손상으로감염, 흉곽절개후통증증후군등의합병증을유발할수있으며, 긴재활및회복기간이필요하다. 반면에흉강경을이용한추간판절제술은피부및근육의손상을줄일수는있으나, 장비및수술재료가비싸며, 긴숙련기간이요구된다는단점이있다. 이에저자들은 10 cm의종피부절개및광배근과전거근을분리하여근육을절개하지않으면서시행할수있는경흉도달법으로수술을시행하였으며, 유사한술식을문헌적고찰하였으나찾을수없어증례와함께보고하고자한다. 색인단어 : 상부흉추추간판탈출증, 경흉도달법, 광배근무절개 통신저자 : 정을오전라북도익산시신용동 344-2 원광대학병원정형외과학교실 Tel: 82-63-850-1251 Fax: 82-63-852-9329 E-mail: llwind@hanmil.net - 204 -