종교학연구 제 35 집 한국종교학연구회, 2017, pp. 73-97.
카발라로 본 얀 마텔의 라이프 오브 파이 연구 75 무너뜨리는 은유라 분석하며 마텔이 인도에서 캐나다로 건너가는 항해 이야기를 사용하여 동양과 서양, 인간과 동물 간의 이분법적 경계에 의문을 던진다고 주장했 다. 제이슨 코(Jason Coe)는 소설을 각색한 영화를 중심으로 인도인인 파이가 캐나다로 이민을 가는 과정에 식인(食人)과 동물이 등장한다는 점에서 작품이 지구 화 사회에서 소수자로 살아가는 이민자의 현실을 드러내고 있다고 보았다. 끔찍한 일을 겪은 파이의 내면에 초점을 맞춘 연구는 주로 종교심리학 종교철 학적 접근을 취하였다. 마이클 쏜(Michael Thorn)은 힌두교, 그리스도교, 이슬 람을 모두 받아들인 파이와 그를 대신해 죽은 파이의 어머니를 희생과 승화의 측면 에서 분석하였다. 그는 힌두교도인 파이의 어머니가 파이의 이슬람 기도에 대한 응답으로 그리스도교적인 희생으로 생명을 바쳤으며, 파이는 이 사건에 대한 심리 적 트라우마를 네 마리 동물과 섬 등의 상징이 들어간 이야기로 승화시켰다고 보았 다. 주디스 미트라니(Judith L. Mitrani)와 레베카 던컨(Rebecca Duncan) 은 극한 상황에서 살아남은 후, 트라우마를 갖게 된 생존자로서의 파이를 정신분석 학적으로 다루었다. 미트라니는 구명보트에서 일어나는 일에 대한 파이의 심리적 인 방어기제로 자아분열, 환각, 환상이 일어났다고 보았다. 던컨은 소설에 등장 하는 사건이 실시간적으로 기술된 것이 아니라, 살아남은 파이가 선박사고 조사자 들과 작가에게 들려주는 이야기라는 점에 주목하였다. 그녀는 생존자들이 고통을 줄이고 자아감을 되찾기 위해 실제 사건을 이야기로 각색하며, 이 이야기가 인물에 따라 다양하게 수용될 수 있다는 점에서 소설에 트라우마 이론과 후기모더니즘적 을 5) 6) 7) 8) 2010). 5) Andr Dodeman, Crossing ceans and Stories: ann Martel s ife of i and the Sur i al arrati e, Commonwealth ssays and Studies 37:1 (Uni ersit Sor onne ou elle, 2014). 6) Jason Coe, Competing arrati es: Choosing the Tiger in Ang ee s ife of i, American Journal of Chinese Studies 21:1 (American Association of Chinese Studies, 2014). 7) Michael Thorn, Canni alism, Communion, and Multifaith Sacrifice in the o el and ilm ife of i, The Journal of eligion and opular Culture 27:1 (Uni ersity of Toronto ress, 2015). 8) Judith. Mitrani, sychoanalytic Techni ue and Theory: Taking the Transference ( ondon: Karnac Books, 2015), 173-93. P Nv é O vv N v v é b N v N v b F L P v P L P L E R q L Y L L P P
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투고일 : 2017.10.16. 심사종료일 : 2017.11.02. 게재확정일 : 2017.11.16.
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<Abstract> A Study on Yann Martel s Life of Pi in the Perspective of Kabbalah Kang, Jieon (Seoul National Univ.) Yann Martel s bestseller novel Life of Pi tells a story about an Indian boy who drifted with a Bengal tiger for 227 days. Academic studies dealt with this novel for two parts an event and the interpretation of an event mainly in the light of literary theory, psychoanalysis, postcolonialism, postmodernism. This study uses Kabbalah as an interpretive tool, which is hidden in the text and tries to find out that religious tradition could be an effective frame for literature. Pi s three names(piscine-pissing-pi) has a distinct connection with Kabbalistic theosophy and the doctrine of creation. It represents the ultimate god as Ein Sof (Pi) and god s attributes(piscine/pissing). Piscine can be read as a divine soul in every human being. In this perspective, Richard Parker, who originally has a name thirsty can be animal part in the human soul. So Pi and Richard Parker make a pair of a soul and their castaway story is a spiritual journey that the divine soul transcends over the animal soul. The spatial structure of the story (India, Pondicherry the Pacific Canada) also could be read as a metaphor for the spiritual process in Kabbalistic thought. In this reading, the traumatic events that a ship named tsimtsum wrecked and people died can be transformed as a universal condition of humanity. And the change of relationship between Pi and Richard Parker, cannibalistic island
and the arrival at the Mexico beach turns into a transformation and a return to the essence of a soul. The relationship between reality and story, storytelling and interpretation, speaker and listener also show similarity in the Kabbalistic view about language, text, story and god. Literature and religion have been effected human in a form of story and both can contain holiness in them. So understanding religious tradition can be an effective tool for an interpretation of literature as the case of Life of Pi. keywords: Kabbalah, Life of Pi, Interpretation of literature, Literature and religion