Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Vol. 29, No. 11(2017), pp.559-569 ISSN 1229-6422(Print), 2465-7611(Online) https://doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2017.29.11.559 Development of the Aircap Module Attached to the Window Through Rolling 허지운 (Ji Un Her) 1, 서장후 (Jang Hoo Seo) 2, 김용성 (Yong Seong Kim) 1, 이행우 (Heang Woo Lee) 1 1 국민대학교테크노디자인전문대학원, 2 국민대학교건축대학 1 Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Korea 2 School of Architecture, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Korea (Received July 21, 2017; revision received August 31, 2017; Accepted: September 13, 2017) Abstract Various studies examining how to conserve building energy have been conducted recently. From such studies it has been determined that insulation performance of an aircap is viable and therefore aircaps are used as material for improving insulation performance of windows. However, the aircap for improving insulation performance of a window is attached on the front, causing infringement of the prospect right. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an aircap module attached to the window through rolling, conducting performance verification throughfull-scale testbed and verifying its effectiveness. Findings of this study are as follow : 1) The module suggested in this study enables setting of an area wherein the aircap is attached through rolling so that the aircap rolls up using Velcro tape, and an insulation bar is suggested to block the gap between the aircap and window glass. 2) When the aircap is applied to the window, consumption of lighting energy increased during summer and winter by 2.8%~16.4% and 0%~76.2% respectively in comparison to no aircap application, indicating that it is unsuitable for conserving lighting energy. 3) In terms of conserving cooling and heating energy, an advantageous or effective aircap attachment method is the method whereby an aircap is attached to the front surface of a window. However, the method whereby an aircap is attached to a part of a window and where no aircap is attached increases consumption of cooling and heating energy during summer and winter by 6.0%~35.7% and 2.7%~41.6% respectively in comparison to the method wherein an aircap is attached to the front surface of a window. 4) In consideration of conserving cooling, heating and lighting energy, the attachment of an aircap to the front surface of window is the most appropriate method, and it is appropriate to attach the aircap at a position that is 1,500 mm or higher from the floor to secure the prospect right and minimize energy loss. Key words Aircap( 에어캡 ), Rolling type( 롤링타입 ), Detachable type( 탈부착형 ), Performance evaluation( 성능평가 ), Energy saving( 에너지저감 ) Corresponding author, E-mail: 2hw@kookmin.ac.kr 1. 서론 2014 년국토교통부에서발표한건축물관리시스템 (BEMS) 산업기술동향조사및활성화방안연구 (1) 에따르면건물부분의에너지소비량은전체에너지소비량의약 21% 로높게나타나고있으며, 건물부문의에너지소비량은지속적으로증가하고있는추세이다. 이러한건물부문의높은에너지소비는단열성능이취약한건물의외피와밀접한연관성을가지고있으며, 특히건물외피중창호는 2012 년국토교통부가발표한건축물에너지절약을위한창호설계가이드라인 (2) 에서보고된자료에의하면일반벽체에비하여 6~7 배이상의열손실이발생하며, 이에따라서창호의단열성능개선을위한다양한기술개발과연구는지속적으로증가하고있다. 그러나최근에이루어진창호부문의성능을개선하기위한고성능창호, 이중외피및 PCM 내장창호 c SAREK 559
허지운, 서장후, 김용성, 이행우 등은건물에너지저감에는효율적이나초기구축비용과기축건물에적용하기는제한적이다. 에어캡은최초완충포장재의용도로개발되었으나, 최근에는단열성능이입증되어건물의단열성능을높이는소재로연구가진행되고있다. 그러나에어캡관련선행연구는에어캡을부착시창호전면에부착함에따라서창호의단열성능개선에는유리할수있으나조망권훼손과자연광의유입을차단하여실내조명에너지를증가시키는문제를가진다. 또한, 에어캡관련선행연구는에어캡의부착시물또는비닐형양면테이프를사용함에따라서탈부착의불편함및탈착된에어캡의보관등의문제가발생된다. 이에본연구는창호에에어캡을손쉽게탈부착가능하며, 롤링을통하여창호에부착되는에어캡의면적을조정할수있는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈을개발한다. 이후실스케일의테스트베드를기반으로조명및냉난방에너지저감성능평가를실시함으로써그유효성검증을목적으로한다. 1.1 에어캡개념및연구동향 에어캡은포장을위한용도로두장의폴리에틸렌필름을포개어그사이규칙적인공기층이만들어진형태로미국의 Sealed Air Corperation (3) 회사에서개발한제품이다. 최근에어캡은완충포장을위한용도이외에도창호의유리면에부착하여창호의단열성능개선을위한재료로활용되고있다. 에어캡의규격은 Table 1에서나타나듯이다양하게나타나고있으며, 본연구는일반적으로구매가가능한지름 10 mm의원형공기층의타입 2를적용하여성능평가를진행하였다. 창호에부착되어단열성능을개선하는에어캡관련선행연구는 Table 2와같으며, 선행연구고찰결과는에어캡을창호에부착시기밀성및단열성능을확보하기위하여창호의유리면또는프레임전면에부착하고있다. 이는창호가가지는고유한기능인조망권훼손을야기하며, 나아가유입되는자연광량을저하시켜실내의조도저하및조명에너지사용량을증가시키는문제가발생할수있다. Type D (Diameter of Air Layer) Table 1 Size and structure of aircap t (Thickness of Coating Layer) 1 0.2 mm 10 mm 2 0.3 mm 3 20 mm 4 30 mm 0.6 mm Cross-section of Aircap Table 2 Advance research of light-shelf Title of Study (Year) Aircap Attachment Position Aircap Attachment Method Consideration of the Prospect Right of Window A Comparative Evaluation on the Thermal Insulation Performance of Windows according to the Temporary Improvement Method. (4) (2015) Frame, glass surface Attach it to the front surface of window Thermal Performance Evaluation of the Window Systems with Air-bubble Sheets (5) (2015) Comparative Evaluation of Thermal Insulation and Solar Heat Gain in Bubble Wrap attached Window (6) (2016) Development of detachable air-cap module for improving the performance of windows (7) (2017) Glass surface Attach it to the front surface of window Glass surface Attach it to the front surface of window Frame, glass surface Attach it to the front surface of window 560 c SAREK
Table 3 Thermal environment standards of various countries Proper Indoor Temperature Standard(Country) Summer Winter ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013(USA) 23.0~26.0 20.0~23.5 ISO Standard(Europe) 23.0~26.0 20.0~24.0 Korea Energy Agency(Republic of Korea) 26.0~28.0 18.0~20.0 Type of Activity Table 4 Standard illuminance of KS A 3011 Minimum Allowed Scope(lx) Standard Allowed Maximum Allowed Visual Performance According to the Degree of High-brightness 150 200 300 Visual Performance According to the Degree of General-brightness 300 400 600 Visual Performance According to the Degree of Low-brightness 600 1,000 1,500 1.2 실내적정온도및조도 본연구는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의성능평가를진행하기위하여관련연구 (8) 를근거하였으며, Table 3 에서나타나듯이국내외적용되고있는실내외적정온도기준에대하여고찰하였다. 각국에서제시하는실내권장온도기준은상이하게나타나고있으나온도범위는유사하게나타나고있으며, 이에따라서본연구에서는국제적인표준화기구인 ISO 기준 (9) 에근거하여실내적정온도를하지및동지에대하여각각 26, 20 로설정하여성능평가를진행하였다. 또한, 본연구의성능평가는에어캡을창호에부착시유입되는자연광량의감소로인하여추가적인조명제어가요구될수있다는것을착안하여실내적정조도를유지하기위한조명에너지사용량을도출하였다. 이에본연구는 Table 4 에서나타나듯이실내의적정조도기준을고찰하였으며, 이후성능평가시의적정조도기준및조명제어를위한조도기준은일반휘도대비시작업의표준조도인 400 lx 로설정하여진행하였다. 2. 연구방법 2.1 롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈제안 본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은 Fig. 1 에서나타나듯이에어캡을롤링하여말아올릴수있도록하였으며, 필요에따라서창호에에어캡이부착되는범위를설정할수있게함으로써에어캡을창호에부착시발생하는조망권훼손의문제를개선가능하도록하였다. 그러나에어캡이적용되는면적의감소는창호의단열성능을저하시켜건물에너지를증가시킬수있으며, 이를보안하기위하여본연구는다음의내용을추가적으로제시한다. 첫번째, 본연구의롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은창호의프레임에부착되도록하였으며, 이는에어캡이창호의프레임에부착시창호의단열성능개선률이가장높다는선행연구결과 (4) 를근거하였다. 두번째, 에어캡과창호의프레임부착은벨크로테이프과단열양면테이프로 2 중처리하여창호의단열성능개선및에어캡이손쉽게탈부착가능하도록제안하였다. 또한, 롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의하단부는단열처리된알루미늄소재를부착하여재실자가손쉽게에어캡을말아올릴수있도록하였다. 세번째, 롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은창호의프레임에부착됨에따라서에어캡과창호의유리면이이격되어창호의단열성능개선에부적합할수있다. 이러한문제를해결하기위하여본연구는에어캡과창호의유리면사이에단열바를두어이격이발생하지않도록하였다. 단열바는알루미늄소재로내부에단열재의일종인아이소핑크를삽입하여단열및기밀의역할이가능하도록하였으며, 단열바의양쪽끝은스프링을두어창호에견착및고정이용이하게하였다. c SAREK 561
허지운, 서장후, 김용성, 이행우 본 연구에서는 롤링을 통한 창호부착형 에어캡모듈을 테스트베드에 설치하여 성능평가를 진행하였으며, 설치되는 과정은 Table 5와 같다. Fig. 1 Concept of the aircap module attached to the window through rolling. Table 5 Installation process of the aircap module attached to the window through rolling 562 Picture of Window (the Insulation Tape is Attached) Attachment of Velcro Tape Attach Velcro Tape to the Aircap Attach the Aircap to the Front Surface of Window Aircap Rolling and Insulating Bar Installation Store the Aircap SAREK
2.2 성능평가환경설정 본연구는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의성능평가를위하여 Table 6 에서나타나듯이실스케일의테스트베드를구축하였으며, 테스트베드는폭 4.9 m, 높이 2.5 m, 깊이 6.6 m 의크기이다. 성능평가를위하여에어캡이부착되는창호의크기는폭 2.2 m, 높이 1.8 m 이며, 창호의크기는국토교통부에서발표한창호설계가이드라인 (2) 에서제시하는창면적비 40% 를근거하여조정한결과이다. 본연구는성능평가를위한외부환경조성을위하여창호의외측부에인공기후챔버를구축하였으며, 실외의온도를 -20 에서 40 로설정가능하게하였다. 단, 본연구의성능평가를위한외부온도설정은동지및하지에대하여관련연구 (10) 를근거하여 -11.3, 36.5 로설정하였다. 또한, 인공기후챔버는인공광원의높이, 각도, 광량의조정이가능한인공태양광조사장치를설치하여다양한외부환경조성이가능하도록하였다. 본연구에서의인공태양광조사장치는측정균일도관련 A 등급으로유효한성능평가결과를얻을수있으며, 인공광원은실제태양과는차이를보일수있으나성능평가간동일한환경조성에용이하여본연구는인공환경에기인한성능평가를진행하였다. 단, 인공태양광조사장치의기기적특성으로인하여정남향에대하여만성능평가를진행하였다. 또한, 본연구는냉난방기기가사용되는동지및하지로국한하여성능평가를진행하였으며, 동지및하지에대한외부조도는 Table 7 에서나타나듯이관련연구 (10) 를근거하여설정하였다. 단, 본연구에서설정된일사량은인공태양광조사장치에의하여측정되는값으로실제환경조건에대비하여낮게나타나고있다. 또한, 본연구에서설정한인공외부환경은테스트베드의한계로인하여에어캡이설치되는창호의전면에대하여인공태양조사및온도설정이가능하다. 이는본연구의제한사항이다. 본연구는성능평가를위하여 Table 8 에서나타나듯이테스트베드에냉난방기기및조명기기를설치하였으며, 냉난방기기및조명기기의자동제어를위하여국내의 S 사와협업하여제어서버를구축하였다. 냉난방기기는홈네트워크제어가가능한모델로, 냉방및난방에따른정격능력은각각 11,000 W 및 13,200 W 이다. 또한냉난방기기는실내의온도센서와연동하여실내적정온도를유지하기위하여자동으로 ON/OFF 제어가이루어지도록하였으며, 성능평가간냉난방기기의 OFF 는냉난방기기가완전히 OFF 되는것이아니라실내공간에대하여냉난방은이루어지지않으며최소전력으로가동되는상태로설정하였다. 예를들어하지의 Table 6 Overview of testbed, chamber Testbed Overview Room Size 4.9 m(w) 6.6 m(d) 2.5 m(h) Wall Material Insulation Panel(Thk 100 mm) Window Illuminance Sensor Size : 1.9 m(w) 1.7 m(h) Type : Pair Glass 24 mm(6 mm+12 mm+6 mm) Thermal Transmittance : Summer : 2.83 W/(m 2 K), Winter : 2.69 W/(m 2 K) Transmissivity : 80% Sensing Element : Silicon Photo Sensor, with Filter Detection Range : 0~200,000 lx Temperature Sensor Sensing Element : NTC 10 kω : AN Type Detection Range : -40~+90 Meridian Altitude Summer : 76.5 Winter : 29.5 Directions South Aspect View of Testbed Table 7 External illumination and solar radiation quantity at each time interval Season 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 Summer 70,000 lx(429 W/m 2 ) 80,000 lx(503 W/m 2 ) 70,000 lx(429 W/m 2 ) Winter 20,000 lx(283 W/m 2 ) 30,000 lx(340 W/m 2 ) 20,000 lx(283 W/m 2 ) c SAREK 563
허지운, 서장후, 김용성, 이행우 Air Conditioner Lighting Table 8 Specifications of air conditioner and lighting equipment Model AP-SM302(EHP) Heating/Cooling Capacity 13,200 W/11,000 W Heating/Cooling Consumption 3.90 kw/3.90 kw COP Heating : 3.38/Cooling : 2.82 Dimming Level/Range Electricity Consumption According to the Level of Dimming Lighting Control Heating Temperature 35 8 level/10~100% lv 1(12 W), lv 2(18 W), lv 3(22 W), lv 4(28 W), lv 5(34 W), lv 6(39 W), lv 7(43 W), lv 8(51 W) 경우냉난방기기의제어는실내적정온도인 26 를기준으로 26 이상인경우에는실내공간에대하여냉방을실시하였으며, 26 이하인경우에는실내공간에대하여냉방은실시되지않으나냉난방기기의최소전력으로가동된다. 반대로동지의경우실내온도가 20 이하시실내공간에대하여난방을실시하였으며, 20 이상인경우에는실내공간에대하여난방은실시되지않으나냉난방기기의최소전력으로가동되도록하였다. 조명은 8 단계의디밍조명제어가가능한 LED 타입의조명을설치하였으며, 조명의위치는 IES 의 4 점법에의거하였다. 또한, 조명은실내조도센서값에의하여제어가되도록하기위해조도센서 1, 2, 3, 4 번에대하여각각조명 1, 2, 3, 4 번과연동하여조명디밍제어가이루어지도록하였다. 실내의환경정보수집및성능평가를위하여 Fig. 2 에서나타나듯이온도센서와조도센서를설치하였으며, 온도센서는실내공간의정중앙에위치시켰다. 또한조도센서는실내공간의평균조도를측정하기위한조도센서의위치가채광창으로부터 4.4 m 지점이적합하다는연구결과 (11) 를근거로공간의크기를고려하여채광창으로부터 2.2 m 및 4.4 m 에총 4 개의조도센서를설치하였으며, 작업면높이를고려하여바닥으로부터 750 mm 지점에위치시켰다. sensor 1 1 sensor 2 2 3 sensor 3 4 sensor 4 : Lighting : sensor : Temperature sensor Fig. 2 Plane and cross-section of testbed and sensor position. 564 c SAREK
2.3 성능평가방법 본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의성능평가방법은다음과같다. 롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의성능평가를진행하기위하여 Table 9 에서나타나듯이창호전면에어캡부착 (Case 1), 앉은사람의눈높이를근거하여 1,200 mm 지점높이부터에어캡부착 (Case 2), 서있는사람의눈높이를근거하여 1,500 mm 지점높이부터에어캡부착 (Case 3), 바닥을기준으로 1,800 mm 지점높이부터에어캡부착 ((Case 4), 바닥을기준으로 2,100 mm 지점높이부터에어캡부착 (Case 5) 및에어캡미부착 (Case 6) 으로총 6 가지 Case 으로구분하여성능평가를진행하였다. 첫번째, 각 Case 별적정조도를유지하기위한조명제어단계및조명전력사용량을도출하였다. 조명디밍제어는가장낮은값을보이는조도센서의값이 400 lx 이하일경우에만실시하도록하였으며, 조도센서의값중가장낮은값을보이는조도센서와연동된조명부터순차적으로디밍단계를올리도록하였다. 단, 조명디밍제어중조도센서의조도값이모두 400 lx 를만족시조명제어를종료하도록하였으며, 이러한조명제어를근거로조명전력사용량을산출하여성능평가의지표로활용하였다. 두번째, 본연구는각 Case 별냉난방에너지저감성능평가를실시하기위하여앞서서언급하였듯이실내공간의정중앙에위치한온도센서와냉난방기기를연동하였으며, 냉난방기기는실내적정온도로설정된값을유지하기위하여자동제어되도록하였다. 본연구는이러한자동제어에따른전력사용량을도출함으로써정량적인성능평가지표로활용하였다. 단, 본연구의냉난방에너지의도출은실내공간의적정조도를만족시키는조명디밍제어를적용된상태로진행하였다. 세번째, 본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은에어캡을롤링하여손쉽게탈부착이가능할뿐만아니라가시성이확보된상태에서도창호의단열성능개선이가능하도록하였다. 그러나가시성을확보하기위하여에어캡의적용면적이줄어들경우창호의단열성능이저하될수있으며, 이러한측면에서의건물에너지의저감에유효한에어캡적용높이를도출함으로써본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의유효성을제시하고자하였다. Attachment to the Front(Case 1) : Aircap Attachment by 100% of Window Area Table 9 Setting of aircap cases for performance evaluation Attach the Aircap at 1,200 mm or Higher From the Floor(Case 2) : Aircap Attachment by 73% of Window Area Attach the Aircap at 1,500 mm or Higher From the Floor(Case 3) : Aircap Attachment by 46% of Window Area Attach the Aircap at 1,800 mm or Higher From the Floor(Case 4) : Aircap Attachment by 27.5% of Window Area Attach the Aircap at 2,100 mm or Higher From the Floor(Case 5) : Aircap Attachment by 9.1% of Window Area No Aircap Attachment(Case 6) : Aircap Attachment by 0% of Window Area c SAREK 565
허지운, 서장후, 김용성, 이행우 3. 성능평가결과및논의 본연구는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈을제안하였으며, 롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은에어캡을말아올릴수있도록하여창호에적용되는에어캡의면적조절및조망권확보가가능하도록하였다. 본연구는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의에어캡적용면적및에어캡미부착에따른성능평가를진행하였으며, 이에대한결과는다음과같다. 첫번째, 에어캡의부착면적의감소는 Table 10 및 Table 11 에서나타나듯이자연광유입광량의증가로인하여실내평균조도를높이며, 이로인하여실내공간의적정조도인 400 lx 를만족시키기위한조명에너지가감소되고있다. 조명에너지사용량은에어캡부착시미부착에대비하여하지시 2.8%~16.4%, 동지시 0%~ 76.2% 의조명에너지를증가시키며, 이는에어캡을창호에부착시조명에너지저감에는부적합하다는것을의미한다. Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Table 10 Performance evaluation result by case : lighting control and amount of electricity used External Illuminance(lx) Summer (lx) Lighting Dimming Control : Min. Ave. Lighting Number(Dimming Level) 80,000 45.4 282.1 1(8)+3(8)+2(3) 70,000 30.3 188.1 1(8)+3(8)+2(5) 80,000 48.8 303.3 1(8)+3(8)+2(3) 70,000 32.5 202.2 1(8)+3(8)+2(4) 80,000 54.2 337.0 1(8)+3(8)+2(2) 70,000 36.2 224.7 1(8)+3(8)+2(3) 80,000 77.7 483.1 1(8)+3(8)+2(1) 70,000 38.9 241.6 1(8)+3(8)+2(3) 80,000 80.5 505.2 1(8)+3(8) 70,000 40.2 250.0 1(8)+3(8)+2(3) 80,000 90.4 561.7 1(8)+3(7) 70,000 45.2 280.9 1(8)+3(8)+2(3) Power Consumption (kwh) 0.654 0.635 0.611 0.588 0.563 0.547 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 External Illuminance(lx) Winter (lx) Lighting Dimming Control : Min. Ave. Lighting Number(Dimming Level) 30,000 307.9 5133.5 1(2) 20,000 156.3 3726.8 1(6) 30,000 323.5 5260.9 1(1) 20,000 169.1 3802.0 1(5) 30,000 341.7 5393.1-20,000 193.4 4069.1 1(4) 30,000 349.2 5478.7-20,000 231.5 4144.7 1(2) 30,000 352.6 5686.6-20,000 282.1 4549.3 1(1) 30,000 358.3 5801.0-20,000 290.2 4698.8 1(1) Power Consumption (kwh) 0.151 0.127 0.083 0.054 0.036 0.036 566 c SAREK
Table 11 Image of performance evaluation by case Summer Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Winter Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 두번째, 냉난방에너지저감측면에서유효한에어캡의부착방법은 Table 11 에서나타나듯이창호전면에어캡부착 (Case 1) 이가장우수하게나타나며, 조망권확보를위하여에어캡이창호의일부분에부착되는 Case 2, 3, 4, 5 및에어캡미부착의경우에는창호전면에어캡부착 (Case 1) 에대비하여하지시 6.0%~35.7%, 동지시 2.7%~41.6% 의냉난방에너지가증가된다. 특히하지의경우에는바닥을기준으로 1,800 mm 지점높이부터에어캡이부착되는 Case 4 의경우냉방에너지가급속하게증가하며, 동지의경우에는바닥을기준으로 1,500 mm 지점높이부터에어캡이부착되는 Case 3 의경우난방에너지가급속하게증가하고있다. 그러나에어캡이부착되는 Case 2, 3, 4, 5 는에어캡미설치인 Case 6 에대비하여냉난방에너지저감이가능하며, 이는본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은조망권확보를위한에어캡부착면적을조정하여도에너지저감에는유효함을의미한다. 또한, 롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은실내공간의재실자에게조망권확보및냉난방에너지저감의수준을상황에따라서선택할수있다는측면에서의미를가진다. 세번째, 본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의적정안은조명기기및냉난방에너지의저감만을고려시전면부착되는 Case 1 로나타나고있으나, 이는앞서서언급하였듯이조망권확보에부적합하다. 본연구는롤링을통한에어캡이적용되는면적을조정할수있도록하여재실자가필요에따라조망권을확보할수있도록하였으며, 에어캡이적용되는창호의면적에따른성능평가를진행하였다. 그결과롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은조망권확보를위하여에어캡이적용되는면적을줄일수록에너지저감에는부적합하며, 특히 Fig. 3 에서나타나듯이하지시바닥을기준으로 1,800 mm 이상지점높이부터에어캡이부착되는 Case 4 와동지시바닥을기준으로 1,500 mm 지점높이부터에어캡이부착되는 Case 3 의경우에너지사용량이급증하여부적합하게분석된다. 이는동지및하지시의롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의에너지저감및가시성확보측면을고려할경우바닥을기준으로 1,500 mm 이상지점높이부터는에어캡을부착되는것이적정할것으로판단된다. Table 12 Performance evaluation result by case : amount of electricity used for air conditioner Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Summer 1.954 2.072 2.129 2.479 2.598 2.651 Winter 2.595 2.665 3.095 3.194 3.368 3.675 c SAREK 567
허지운, 서장후, 김용성, 이행우 a) Result of performance evaluation during summer b) Result of performance evaluation during winter Fig. 3 Performance evaluation result by case : Energy consumption of air conditioner and lighting. 4. 결론 본연구는창호에에어캡을적용한선행연구가가지는조망권훼손의문제와건물에너지저감을달성하기위한방안으로롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈을제안하였으며, 실스케일의테스트베드를통한성능평가를진행하였다. 이에대한결과는다음과같다. (1) 본연구는벨크로테이프를사용하여에어캡을말아올릴수있는에어캡부착모듈을개발하였으며, 창호프레임에에어캡을부착함에따라서발생하는에어캡과창호유리면의이격문제를해결하기위하여단열바를제작및적용함으로써에어캡을롤링하여말아올린상태에서도창호의단열성능개선및건물에너지저감이가능하도록하였다. (2) 롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의조명에너지저감성능평가결과에어캡이적용된 Case 는에어캡미부착에대비하여하지시 2.8%~16.4%, 동지시 0%~76.2% 의조명에너지를증가시켜조명에너지저감에는부적합하게분석된다. (3) 냉난방에너지저감측면에서유효한에어캡의부착방법은창호전면에에어캡이부착되는 Case 1 로나타나며, 에어캡이창호의일부에부착되는 Case 2, 3, 4, 5 및에어캡미부착 (Case 6) 의경우에는창호전면에어캡부착 (Case 1) 에대비하여하지시 6.0%~35.7%, 동지시 2.7%~41.6% 의냉난방에너지가증가되고있어서냉난방에너지를저감하기위해서는창호에부착되는에어캡의면적을증가시키는것이유리하다. 또한, 하지시바닥을기준으로 1,800 mm 이상지점높이부터에어캡이부착되는 Case 4 의경우와동지시의바닥을기준으로 1,500 mm 이상지점높이부터에어캡이부착되는 Case 3 의경우냉난방에너지사용량이급증하여에너지저감에는부적합할것으로판단된다. (4) 조명에너지및냉난방에너지를고려시롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의적정규격은에너지저감을위해서는창호전면으로부착하는것이유리하며, 조망권확보및에너지저감을위해서는바닥을기준으로 1,500 mm 이상지점높이부터에어캡이부착되는것이바람직하다. 그러나본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈은에어캡미부착 (Case 6) 에대비하여에너지저감을유도할수있으며, 이는본연구에서제안하는롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈의유효성을의미한다. 568 c SAREK
본연구는에어캡적용의편의성및창호의조망권확보를위한롤링을통한창호부착형에어캡모듈을개발하여성능평가를진행하였으며, 에어캡적용의편의성및창호전면부착으로인한조망권훼손의문제를해결할수있다는측면에서유의미하다. 그러나본연구는성능평가를진행함에있어서인공환경및특정변인에의하여성능평가를진행하였다는한계를가진다. 이에본연구를개선하기위한방법으로에어캡규격및열류, 타임랙, 재료등의다각적변인을고려한연구가후속되어야할것이다. 또한, 본연구는에어캡부착시의조망권개선을위한연구를수행하였으나, 다양한외부환경요인에의한실내의조망권분석내용이부재하여향후연구에서는이를개선하기위한연구가진행되어야할것이다. 후 기 This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2016R1C1B1006807). References 1. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2014, Building Management System (BEMS) Industrial and technical survey and research started. 2. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2012, Building energy saving window design guide. 3. Sealed Air Corperation Homepage : http://sealedair.com. 4. Lee, S. J., Kim, J. G., Kim. J. H., Lee, J. S., and Jang, C. Y., 2015, A Comparative Evaluation on the Thermal Insulation Performance of Windows according to the Temporary Improvement Method, The International Journal of The Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 77-82. 5. Hwang, J., Jeon, A. H., and Ahn, B, H., 2015, Thermal Performance Evaluation of the Window Systems with Air-bubble Sheets, Korean Jornal Of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 9, pp. 463-467. 6. Zhang, X. W., Jun, G. J., and Rhee, K. N., 2016, Comparative Evaluation of Thermal Insulation and Solar Heat Gain in Bubble Wrap attached Window, Proceeding of Annual Conference of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 565-566. 7. Seo, B. D., Lee, H. W., Seo, J. H., and Kim, Y. S., 2017, Development of detachable air-cap module for improving the performance of windows, KIEAE Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 63-68. 8. Moon, S. W., Kim, T. W., Jang, D. S., and Hong, W. H., 2009, A Study on Occupants Subjective Evaluation and an Measurement of Indoor Environments of an Office Building-Focused on the Seasonal Change of Indoor Temperature, Journal of The Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 279-286. 9. Korean Standards & Certification Homepage : http://standard.go.kr. 10. Jeon, G. M., Lee, H. W., Seo, J. H., and Kim, Y. S., 2016, Performance Evaluation of Light-Shelf based on Light Enviorment and Air Conditioner Enviorment, The International Journal of The Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 47-55. 11. Jung, B. K. and Choi, A. S., 2003, An Experimental Study of the Optimum Spatial Characteristics and Location of Photosensor for Daylight Responsive Dimming Systems, Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 8-14. c SAREK 569