s ㄴ Vol. 2018-05 ASEAN Smart Cities Network: Deepening Cooperation and Providing Opportunities 아세안스마트시티네트워크, 기회와협력방안 Lee Eun-young, Officer, Trade and Investment Unit 0
ASEAN Talks Volume 2018-05 ASEAN-Korea Centre, 2018 Published by ASEAN-Korea Centre Address: 8 th fl., Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tel.: 02-2287-1143 E-mail: aseantalks@aseankorea.org Website: www.aseankorea.org ISSN (printed): 2586-6753 ISSN (online): 2586-6842 Edited by: Lee Su-ji, Hwang Ji-seon, Ha Chae-kyoun, Kim Hyun-ji All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the consent of the ASEAN-Korea Centre. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to the ASEAN-Korea Centre. The publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The responsibility for facts and opinions in this publication rests exclusively with the authors. ASEAN-Korea Centre The ASEAN-Korea Centre is an intergovernmental organization mandated to promote economic and socio-cultural cooperation between the ASEAN Member States and Korea. It was officially inaugurated on 13 March 2009, the year that marked the 20 th Anniversary of the Dialogue Partnership between ASEAN and Korea.
Contents ASEAN Smart Cities Network: Pg. 1 Deepening Cooperation and Providing Opportunities 아세안스마트시티네트워크, 기회및협력방안 Pg. 22 Ms. Lee Eun-young Officer at Trade and Investment Unit
ASEAN Smart Cities Network: Deepening Cooperation and Providing Opportunities Lee Eun-young, Officer Trade and Investment Unit Abstract While urbanization has made our lives more convenient through easier and faster access to resources, it has also raised problems such as city congestion, air pollution, water issue and rising inequalities. The 10 ASEAN Member States (AMS) identify smart city as key to solve these problems and, improve the lives of the ASEAN citizens at the same time. In this regard, at the 32nd ASEAN Summit in 25-28 April, 2018 held in Singapore, the leaders of the 10 AMS released a concept note that outlines the proposal to establish the ASEAN Smart Cities Network (ASCN). An initiative spearheaded by Singapore, ASCN intends to provide a platform to boost collaboration and share best practices and ultimately accelerate ASEAN s smart city development. During the 32nd ASEAN Summit, ASCN nominated 26 pilot cities to build a network of smart and sustainable cities and at the inaugural meeting on 8 July, ASEAN Smart Cities Framework and the City-specific Action Plans for Smart City Development (2018-2025) has been endorsed. The two agendas are expected to be adopted with the official launch of ASCN in the 33rd ASEAN Summit this November. This paper attempts to explore the ASCN agenda and progress, examine and analyze the ASEAN smart cities and seek collaborative opportunities with Korea s smart city associated business and stakeholders. 1
The Rationale and Outline of the ASEAN Smart Cities Network? With the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, ASEAN aims to achieve regional economic integration by eliminating tariff, implementing single window system and unifying the capital market. In particular, smart city is not only an effective way to achieve economic growth for individual countries, but also an effective project for inclusive development by minimizing development gap by accelerating development through application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Smart city is a platform that integrates the advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics, and other high-technologies that resulted from the 4 th Industrial Revolution. Smart Nation Singapore, this year s ASEAN Chair, aims to synergize ASEAN Community-building efforts and raise regional competitiveness by bringing the smart cities together. Recognizing this goal, the leaders of the ASEAN endorsed Singapore s proposal to establish ASEAN Smart Cities Network (ASCN) and announced the list of pilot cities (which were submitted to Singapore in February 2018) at the 32 nd ASEAN Summit in 28 April, 2018. To follow up, smart city officials from 10 AMS and officials from the pilot cities gathered in Singapore during 22-25 May, to attend the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop. Participants jointly crafted the ASEAN Smart Cities Framework that articulates ASEAN s definition of a smart city and the expected outcomes as well as the initial draft of Cityspecific Action Plans for Smart City Development for each city. Although the framework and action plans are still under the process of making final adjustments, both received endorsement at the inaugural meeting in 8 July, and expect to be officially adopted at the 33 rd ASEAN Summit. Detailed timeline until the launch of ASCN is as below: 2
Time February 2018 [Chart 1. Timeline of ASCN] Event ASEAN Member States submission of nominations for (i) member cities; (ii) Chief Smart City Officers ; and (iii) National Representatives (NR) Singapore s proposal to establish ASCN during the 32 nd ASEAN Summit 5-day Smart City Governance Workshop in Singapore 25-28 April 2018 22-25 May 2018 8 July 2018 Inaugural ASCN Meeting in Singapore - NRs to endorse the draft ASEAN Smart Cities Framework and the 26 city-specific action plans - NRs to discuss the long-term institutionalization of the ASCN - Cities to network further with external partners on potential project collaborations July 2018 onwards August 2018 October 2018 November 2018 Cities to further refine their priority project proposals and continue discussions with potential partners Dialogue Partners to announce initial collaboration initiatives (if any) during the 51 st ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting (AMM) and Related Meetings in Singapore Joint Consultative Meeting (JCM) to endorse the ASEAN Smart Cities Framework and 26 City-specific Action Plans 33 rd ASEAN Summit - ASEAN Leaders to adopt the ASEAN Smart Cities Framework - ASEAN Leaders to note the 26 city-specific action plans - ASEAN Leaders to note the initial list of project partnerships -The above three documents will be reported to the ASEAN Coordinating Council (ACC) first Source: Concept note of the ASEAN Smart Cities Network and Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop What is the ASEAN Smart Cities Network? Recognizing the importance of smart cities, many of the 10 AMS have already designated certain areas as smart cities or have launched smart city development projects. The ASCN is an effort to complement the individual smart city projects by bringing the smart cities in AMS together, and share best practices and explore potential complementarities, thereby contributing to ASEAN Community-building and improving the lives of the ASEAN citizens. To establish ASCN and achieve its goal, ASCN outlined the scope of the smart cities, 4 core elements, representation and reporting mechanism in the concept note. The outline to establish ASCN is summarized in the below chart: 3
[Chart 2. Summary of the ASCN Concept Note] 1. Scope of the ASCN 2. Four Core Elements 3. Representation 4. Reporting Mechanism - Each AMS nominate three cities as pilot cities of ASCN * Exception: Brunei and Singapore nominated 1 smart city; Lao PDR 2, and Malaysia 4 smart cities - Smart cities can be capital cities, and/or urbanizing cities * For details, refer to Annex 1 - Cities can develop their projects based on the region/city s development strategy and/or existing blueprints and the local and cultural context - Due to the differing priorities, ASCN will be designed to allow member cities to focus on areas that are in line with each city s priority industry (e.g., transport, water facility, energy, health care, education, public welfare, etc.). - ASEAN Smart Cities Framework - City-specific Action Plans for Smart City Development 2018-2025 - Annual Meeting of the ASCN - Twinning Programme -1 National Representative per member state to oversee the smart city project development - The National Representative of the ASEAN Chair will also serve as the Chair of the ASCN - Chief Smart City Officer for each member city to craft their respective city s action plan -The Joint Consultative Meeting (JCM) will serve as the ASCN s primary reporting mechanism in which will receive the report on the ASCN s progress and key achievements after regular ASCN meetings (The ASCN s report will also be distributed to relevant ASEAN Sectorals for notation) - JCM will then make final report to the ASEAN Coordinating Committee (ACC) and the ASEAN Summit -The ASEAN Secretariat (ASEC) s Integration Monitoring Directorate (IMD) will take the monitoring/secretariat role 1. Scope of the ASCN The 10 AMS were to nominate up to three cities and report to the chair country Singapore, by February 2018. While most countries picked 3 cities, Brunei and Singapore opted for one while Lao PDR picked two cities and Malaysia four. The selection of the 26 pilot cities brings into question the inclusiveness and fairness of the region. However, the pilot cities are an initial list and ASCN specified its endeavor to expand membership as the mechanism matures. The non-capital cities such as Chonburi in Thailand and Johor Bahru 4
in Indonesia deserve attention. These cities will benefit by interacting with capital cities within the network. Overall, among the 26 pilot cities, developing countries such as Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar opted for capital cities and tourist cities for infrastructure development, and member countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand that have existing smart city agenda have nominated existing smart cities to accelerate development. The full list of the 26 pilot cities is as below: [Chart 3. ASEAN Smart Cities Network Pilot City] No. ASEAN Member States ASCN Pilot Cities 1 Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan (Capital City) 2 Battambang 3 Cambodia Phnom Penh (Capital City) 4 Siem Reap 5 Banyuwangi 6 Indonesia Jakarta (Capital City) 7 Makassar 8 Luang Prabang Lao PDR 9 Vientiane (Capital City) 10 Johor Bahru 11 Kota Kinabalu Malaysia 12 Kuala Lumpur (Capital City) 13 Kuching 14 Mandalay 15 Myanmar Nay Pyi Taw (Capital City) 16 Yangon 17 Cebu City 18 Philippines Davao City 19 Manila (Capital City) 20 Singapore Singapore (Capital City) 21 Bangkok (Capital City) 22 Thailand Chonburi 23 Phuket 24 Da Nang 25 Vietnam Ha Noi (Capital City) 26 Ho Chi Minh City (Capital City) Source: ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note Recognizing the differing priorities and development stages of each city, ASCN encourages all member states to focus on areas that are in line with each city s priority industry. By constructing a network for smart cities, ASCN hopes to minimize the development gap among AMS by and build inclusive and sustainable cities. 5
2. Four Core Elements of ASCN ASCN is driven by 4 core elements: ASEAN Smart Cities Framework, City-specific Action Plans for Smart City Development (2018-2025), Annual Meeting of ASCN and the Twinning Program. The former two states the direction of the ASCN member cities and action plans for each member cities respectively. Annual Meeting of ASCN will be an opportunity for the working group and the executive board to share ideas and keep track of progress and achievements, as well as an opportunity for external partners to explore new opportunities and catalyze bankable projects. Twinning Programme is a platform to foster local businesses by matching external partners with appropriate member city and relevant commercial projects. For the member cities, the program will introduce partners with expertise and financial resources. First of all, the ASEAN Smart Cities Framework will be a normative document that guides the smart city development in each ASCN city based on its local and cultural context. The jointly crafted Framework by the ASCN member cities and their National Representatives states that it will not impose on existing national development plans. The Framework outlines i) ASEAN s definition of smart city, ii) key principles of ASCN, which is to build a sustainable smart-city and iii) the core outcomes. The initial draft of the Framework was prepared by Singapore and circulated to AMS over the past few months for revision. The final framework will be officially adoption at the 33 rd ASEAN Summit. Since there is no universal definition for smart city, ASEAN had to craft its own unique definition of a smart city. There is high consensus that the Framework should be inclusive, and not only focus on smart urbanization for more advanced cities. The common standards against which smart city development in ASEAN would be measured still require deeper understanding among the member cities to be determined. The Framework is in its final stage of formulating an inclusive definition 1. 1 This report was written in mid-july. The ASEAN Smart Cities Framework was approved at the inaugural meeting on July 8, however documents have yet been released. 6
[Illustration 1. Search Trends: ASEAN and Southeast Asia] Source: Information Paper on the ASCN Second, the City-specific Action Plans for Smart City Development 2018-2025 is a set of individualized action plans for smart city development from 2018 to 2025 to coincide with the ASEAN Community Vision 2025. The initial action plans were drafted by member cities and their National Representatives during the Smart Cities Governance Workshop in May and was approved by AMS at the inaugural meeting on 8 July. They contain specific projects and action plans that the member city will undertake from 2018 to 2025 in its desired areas of focus. The Action Plans should drive urban development by integrating digital technology that are aimed to build a sustainable city. These plans can be developed from cities existing blueprints or action plans for smart, inclusive, and sustainable urbanization. Most of the 10 AMS projects were primarily focused on i) environmental sustainability; ii) waste management, iii) safety and security, and iv) urban mobility 2. 2 Refer to Annex 2 for specific action plans for each pilot city. 7
The inaugural meeting held on 8 July was a final meeting to coordinate and refine the Framework, key principles and action plans. At the meeting, the member cities agreed to meet annually. This Annual Meeting, which is the third core element of ASCN, will be chaired and hosted by the ASEAN Chair, where stakeholders of AMS and member cities will discuss progress on each city s action plan, launch new projects with private-sector solution providers where feasible, and explore new opportunities to bring ASEAN s external partners on board. The fourth core element of ASCN is the Twinning Programme which is a platform to connect the ASCN member cities with external partners in the private sector, multi-lateral banks, consulting firms, financial institutes, etc.. It is expected that this partnership will form mutually beneficial partnerships for cooperation on smart cities development. The aim of this program is to foster implementation of commercially viable projects and other initiatives, cohesive of the cities action plans. As ASEAN Chair, Singapore will facilitate the formation of these parings in the inaugural year by organizing a matchmaking platform and announce the finalized list of parings during the 51 st ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting and Related Post-Ministerial Conferences in August 2018. 3. Representation Each AMS will nominate one National Representative for each member state and one Chief Smart City Officer (CSCO) for each member city. NRs and CSCOs will participate in the annual meetings of ASCN. The NRs were nominated from the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)-level in the national government overseeing smart and sustainable development. The NRs will lead the AMS delegation at the annual ASCN meeting and the NR of the ASEAN Chair will also serve as the Chair of ASCN. They will also submit a report of the ASCN s progress and key achievements to the JCM (Joint Consultative Meeting), a reporting institution which will be discussed in the next page. CSCOs will be nominated among Chief Urban Planners or Chief Resilience Officers from each city. The NRs and CSCOs attended the Smart Cities Governance Workshop in May to explore potential complementarities, share best practices, craft their respective city s action plan, discuss the ASEAN Smart Cities Framework, and extend network with potential external partners. 8
[Chart 4. Roles of the Representatives of ASCN] Role Status/Seniority Responsibilities National Representative Senior Officials Meetinglevel official in the national government - Participate in the annual meetings of ASCN - The NR of the ASEAN Chair will also serve as the Chair of ASCN Chief Smart City Officers Chief Urban Planner/Chief Resilience Officer Source: ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note - Participate in the annual meetings of ASCN -Responsible for crafting the smart city action plan 4. Reporting Mechanism The Joint Consultative Meeting was set up in 1987 comprising of the ASEAN Secretary- General, Senior Officials Meeting, Senior Economic Officials Meeting (SEOM) and the National ASEAN Directors-General. It will serve as ASCN s primary reporting mechanism in which will receive the report on the ASCN s progress and key achievements after regular ASCN meetings. ASCN s report will also be distributed to relevant ASEAN sectorals for notation. JCM will then make final report to the ASEAN Coordinating Council and the ASEAN Summit. The Integration Monitoring Directorate (IMD) within the ASEAN Secretariat, will assist in monitoring the progress and heling draft the ASCN annual reports. [Illustration 2. Reporting Mechanism of ASCN] Source: ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note 9
Examining ASEAN s Smart Cities Smart city development is not something alien to this region. According to the global consulting firm AT Kearny, there are currently 40 smart city projects in the ASEAN region. Indonesia with 15 smart city projects has the biggest number of projects, followed by Thailand and Vietnam with 5 projects respectively. On the other hand, developing countries such as Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar are busy urbanizing their country that they do not have concrete smart cities at the moment. The smart city projects that are currently under progress in each AMS is as follows: Singapore has expanded the concept of smart city to a national agenda, the Smart Nation thereby taking advantage of a city nation. Already a digitalized nation, Singapore is focusing on making the lives of its citizens even better. Under the government s strong leadership, Singapore is pursing to build an automated and digitally networked social infrastructure and operation of public utility such as by introducing intelligent transportation system, self-driving vehicle and adopting e-government system. To uphold its reputation as a success model of smart city, Singapore is actively holding international conferences such as the World Cities Summit. One of the most industrialized country in the region, Malaysia is also emerging as a leading smart city country in the region. The goal of Malaysia s smart city agenda lies on improving efficiency of the cities through automation and optimization of big data analysis. In early 2018, Kuala Lumpur City Council agreed to apply City Brain a cloud computing infrastructure service using big data and AI with Alibaba to reduce traffic congestion and respond to traffic accidents immediately. The need to construct smart city is surging in Indonesia as various city problems emerge due to rapid urbanization. As an island country, Indonesia s mission is to connect the islands both physically and institutionally. Recently, the nation introduced the 'Jakarta One Card', a transaction system that can be used in any kind of transactions. Not only is this integrated transaction system convenient, but also facilitates the government s policy-making by enabling access to consumption patterns of its citizen. In the case of Vietnam, it has announced plans to build a smart city district by 2023 with Japan on 310ha area in the northern part of Ha Noi. The new smart city s major goal is to 10
build a sustainable and eco-friendly city. To facilitate transportation to the metropolitan area of Ha Noi, the two countries will introduce self-operated public transportation (bus) system. In addition, Ho Chi Minh City is planning to establish an integrated emergency response center that is fully equipped with modern technologies such as video surveillance systems, computer-aided drafting (CAD) and geographic information systems (GIS). In hopes to promote medical tourism industry, Thailand is collaborating with private IT companies such as Dell and Intel. Phuket, in particular, is making efforts to create a 'safe city' by using data captured by IoT sensors in the city. Phuket will also install CCTVs, sensors and Wi-Fi hotspots to harvest data. Collected data would then be collated on a City Data Platform to build smart city. As such, AMS have been actively promoting smart city in their respective countries. It is anticipated that the establishment of ASCN will complement and boost these individual smart city projects at a regional level. Analysis of 26 Member Cities by GDP per Capita and Population Density To understand the ASEAN cities, analytic scheme developed by the McKinsey & Co. was adopted 3. By measuring the country s wealth and population density, McKinsey has categorized 4 combinations: dense cities in developed economies, dense cities in emerging economies, low-density cities in developed economies and low-density cities in emerging economies. This scheme will help urban-planners to identify the policy direction of their respective cities, investors and businessmen to set up a business model and develop appropriate technology when entering the smart city market. [Chart 5. City Analysis by GDP per Capita and Population Density] Population Density Developed Economy Developing Economy High Tokyo, Japan Mexico City, Mexico Low Houston, USA Phnom Penh, Cambodia Source: McKinsey & Co., 2016 3 McKinsey & Co., (2016). 11
This paper has applied the above scheme to the 26 ASCN pilot cities 4. GDP per capita data from the World Bank was applied to measure the wealth of the affiliated country, and data for population density was collected from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The criteria to classify emerging and developed economies was based on GDP per capital of the lowest income among the 36 OECD countries, which is US $ 18,535 (Mexico). Classification of population density was based on the average population density of the 26 ASCN member cities (4,179/ km²) 5. [Illustration 3. GDP per Capita and Population Density of 26 ASCN Pilot Cities] According to the research, 18 ASCN cities among 26 were classified as low-density cities in emerging economies, and the next popular combination was dense cities in emerging economies in which 6 capital cities (Jakarta, Vientiane, Kuala Lumpur, Yangon, Manila 4 According to McKinsey & Co., Jakarta Indonesia was specified as low-density city with expansive horizontal areas with informal settlements in nations. However, Population expanded within the past several years and Jakarta s population density recorded beyond the average of the ASCN pilot cities. Thus, this paper has adjusted the representing city of the above category to Phnom Penh Cambodia. Tokyo, Mexico City, Houston and Phnom Penh s population density is 6,158/km², 6,000/ km², 1,301.8/ km², 2,622/ km² respectively. 5 Refer to Annex 3. GDP per capita and population density of 26 ASCN pilot cities 12
and Bangkok) fell into. Singapore was the only country in ASEAN to be a densely populated developed country like Tokyo, and Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei) was classified as low-density city in developed economy. In summary, almost 70 percent of the ASCN pilot cities are in the midst of urbanization and is expected to have migration into the city. When approaching the ASEAN smart city projects with commercial reasons, companies must realize that urbanization integration of digital technology must take place at once, rather than simply developing digital technology with no hardware. When approaching major capital cities, companies can examine urban congestion issues, transportation systems to accommodate the high population. ASEAN-Korea Cooperation in the Smart Cities While there is no universal definition on smart cities, the key to understanding smart city is that a city must be sustainable that aims to improve the citizens quality of life by resolving urban problems through digital technology. In this sense, smart city encompasses all kinds of area such as e-government system, waste management, renewable energy management, energy efficiency, smart traffic information system, smart education, smart medical system, etc. In other words, smart cities offer opportunities to all kinds of industries. Korea launched the Presidential Committee on the 4th Industrial Revolution to support the efforts to become a leading smart city nation. Korea is gearing to establish a sustainable platform by inducing private companies to participate in smart city projects through deregulations and improving smart city policies. Korean government aims to develop and industrialize smart city construction systems and processes through these projects and ultimately export this system to foreign markets. In light of the recent New Southern Policy and ASCN, Korean government is especially keen on supporting Korean firms' overseas expansion in ASEAN through Smart City cooperation. In November 2017, President Moon Jae-in shared the experiences and know-how of Korea's smart city with ASEAN in the concept of New Southern Policy, a 13
new initiative toward ASEAN, announced during his visit to Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines. The President also emphasized that he would participate in Singapore s construction of 'Smart Nation'. 6 As follow-up measure, in March, Korea discussed with Vietnam and Singapore to strengthen cooperation. In July, when President Moon visited Singapore, he mentioned that Korea will actively contribute in Singapore-led ASCN as future companion 7. With the government s strong support, Korean private sector is highly encouraged to actively utilize the newly launched ASCN. Given the diversity and inequalities of ASEAN smart cities, Korean companies must have different strategy for each target city. Companies must first identify and understand the strategies and goals of ASCN member cities. By using the city analysis scheme, it is possible to enter several cities in the same category of wealth and population density combination. After market research, companies can apply for ASCN s Twinning Programme to obtain more information and gain support. For example, Manila in the Philippines, categorized as emerging country with a high population density, can consider importing public transportation systems called TOPIS (Transport Operation and Information Service) from Seoul, since the public transportation system is highly favorable in Manila. TOPIS is one of the most respected systems in the world for its accurate arrival time of bus and subway arrivals. Adaption of TOPIS will greatly improve the public transport system in Manila. For popular tourist destinations such as Phuket, security is an important factor to attract tourists. Korea can share its CCTV system and contribute in improving the city s security. Especially for cities that are identified as emerging economy with low population, CCTVs can take the role of the police and cover areas that are easily neglected. As such, Korea has rich experiences, systems and technologies in various fields related to Smart City. With the Korean government s strong support and platforms such as the 6 President Moon s Remarks at the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) (2017, 13 November) 7 President Moon s Remarks at Korea-Singapore Business Forum (2018, 12 July) 14
Twinning Programme of ASCN, Korean companies will be able to contribute in economic integration and development of ASEAN. Role of the ASEAN-Korea Centre As key channel to strengthen ASEAN and Korea s partnership, the ASEAN-Korea Centre (AKC) has been continuously tracking the smart city boom in ASEAN. To facilitate cooperation in smart city, AKC has been developing programs that provide platforms for Korean companies interested in investing or participating in ASEAN smart city projects. In January 2017, AKC dispatched 13 smart city associated companies to Jakarta, Indonesia. The delegation visited smart city development sites and had business meetings with the public and private sector to obtain information of Jakarta s smart city agenda and businesses. AKC is also co-organizing the 6th ASEAN Connectivity Forum with the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) this coming November. AKC will invite high-level government officials from smart city departments in the 10 AMS for a briefing on each member states agenda and projects on smart city to Korean business community. The forum is expected to serve as platform for ASEAN and Korean smart city stakeholders. On the sidelines of AKC s programs, the Twinning Programme offered by ASCN is an effective platform for those who wish to establish partnership with ASEAN smart city stakeholders. AKC can take the role of a matcher between ASCN representatives and Korean companies. Just this July, ASCN Working Group concluded a contract to build a waste energy power plant with Amata Smart City Chonburi, a smart grid project in the Yokohama Urban Solution Alliance in Japan and Chonburi in Thailand. As can be seen in Japan s case, AKC will closely cooperate with ASCN to facilitate Korean companies participation in the region and become a key channel between ASCN and Korean companies. 15
Annex 1. 26 ASCN Pilot Cities and Priority Projects (Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop) 1 2 ASEAN Member States Brunei Darussalam Pilot City Priority Projects Classification Bandar Seri Begawan Battambang 3 Cambodia Phnom Penh 4 Siem Reap 5 Banyuwangi Indonesia 6 Jakarta 7 Makassar 8 Lao PDR Luang Prabang 9 Vientiane 10 Johor Bahru -Revitalization of Kampong Ayer (water village) -Clean River management Project -Urban Street and Public Space Management -Solid and Liquid Waste Management -Smart Public Spaces (Rejuvenation of 11 Boulevards) -Improving Efficiency of Public Bus Service -City Centre Solid and liquid Waste Management -Improving Smart Tourist Management System -Improving Public service Access to Remote Areas -Improving Education System -Oke Otrip (Integrated Payment Card for Public Transportation -OK-OCE (One District One Centre of Entrepreneurship) -Dottoro ta (Home Care) -Sipakatau Integrated Tax System -Heritage Wetland Restoration for City Green Spaces -Construction of Concrete Alleyways and Footpaths -Establish Drainage System -Sustainable Transport Plan (Focus on Last Mile Public Transportation) -IM Urban Observatory Tool for Decision Making, Stocktaking and Measurement -Integrated Urban water Management Blueprint Water System Waste management, Public space construction Public space construction, public transportation Waste management, Public transportation, education Public transportation, smart city E-Governance Sustainable city, road infrastructure Water system, public transportation Smart city, Water system Malaysia 11 Kota Kinabalu 12 Kuala Lumpur -Integrated Public Transport System -Integrated Solid Waste Management -KL Urban Observatory -Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management Public transportation, waste management Smart city, waste management 16
13 Kuching 14 Mandalay 15 Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar 16 Yangon 17 Cebu City Philippines 18 Davao City -Integrated Public Transport System -Integrated Flood Management and Response System -Public Transport and Traffic Management -Parking and Walkway management -Affordable and Low Cost Housing -International Comprehensive University (Education Hub) -Bo Ba Htoo Affordable Housing Project -Rental Housing and TOD Project (Hlaing Tharyar Township) -Conservation of Yangon City Downtown Area -Automated Citywide Traffic Control Systems -Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System -Converged Command and Control Center -Automated Citywide Traffic Control Systems Public transportation, water system Public transportation, road infra Construction, education construction Public transportation Smart city, 19 Manila (Pending) 20 Singapore Singapore -E-Payments -National Digital Identity (NDI) 21 Bangkok -Pahonyothin Transport Center Smart city -Smart Grid Project Sustainable 22 Chonburi -Waste-to-Energy Project energy Thailand -City Data Platform 23 Phuket -Phuket Eagle Eyes (CCTV Converage) Smart city 24 Da Nang 25 Ha Noi Vietnam 26 Ho Chi Minh CIty -Intelligent Traffic Control (e.g., CCTVs, GIS for Transportation) -Intelligent Operations Center -Intelligent Transportation (e.g., I- Parking, E-tickets for Public, Transportation, Online Vehicle Registration and E-Plates System) -Smart Tourism (e.g., Travel Portal and Mobile App) -Intelligent Operations Center -Integrated and Unified Emergency Response Center Smart city Public transportation Smart city 17
Annex 2. List of National Representatives (NR) and Country Smart City Officer (CSCO) Country Role Name Designation, Organization ASEAN Secretariat ASEC Representative Dr. Julia Puspadewi Tijaja Director, ASEC Integration Monitoring Directorate NR H.E. Ajman Meludin Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Brunei Darussalam CSCO (Bandar Seri Begawan) Hali Ali Matyassin Chairman of the Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Baord, Ministry of Home Affairs NR H.E. Prum Sokha Secretary of State of the Ministry of Interior Cambodia CSCO (Battambang) CSCO (Phnom Penh) Soeum Bunrith Nuon Pharat Deputy Governor of Battambang Deputy Governor of Phnom Penh CSCO (Siem Reap) Ly Samreth Deputy Governor of Siem Reap NR Ir. Gunawan, MA Director of Regional Government, Performance Evaluation and Capacity Building, Ministry of Home Affairs Indonesia CSCO (Banyuwangi) Budi Santoso Acting Head of Communication, Infomatics and Crypto Office CSCO (Jakarta) Dian Ekowati Head of Communication and Infomatics Office CSCO (Makassar) Ismail Hajiali Head of Communication and Infomatics Office Lao PDR NR CSCO (Luang Prabang) H.E. Thongphane Savanphet Soukan Bounnhong Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Mayor of Luang Prabang City 18
CSCO (VIentiene) Vilayvone Chanthalaty Director of Vientiane City Office for Management and Service NR Hajah Rokibah binti Abdul Latif Director General, Federal Department of Town and Country Planning (PLANMalaysia) CSCO (Johor Bahru) Raja Zuraifah Binti Raja Musa Vice President, Planning & Compliance, Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) Malaysia CSCO (Johor Bahru) Maimunah Binti Jaffar Head of Department, Planning & Compliance, Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) CSCO (Kota Kinabalu) Stanley Chong Hon Chung Director, Town Planning Department, Kota Kinabalu City Hall CSCO (Kuala Lumpur) Nik Mastura Diyana binti Nik Mohamad Deputy Director, City Planning Department, Kuala Lumpur City Hall CSCO (Kuching) Julin Bin Alen Principal Assistant Director, State Planning Unit Sarawak Chief Minister s Office NR N/A N/A CSCO (Nay Pyi Taw) Myo Aung Permanent Secretary of Nay Pyi Taw Development Committee Myanmar CSCO (Yangon) Tin Tin Kyi Director of Urban Planning Division and Representative from Yangon City Development Committee CSCO (Mandalay) Ye Myat Thu Committee Member of Mandalay City Development Committee Philippines NR Jonathan L. Uy OIC Assistant Secretary, National Development Office II - Investment Programming, National Economic and Development Authority CSCO (Cebu City) Nigel Paul C. Villarete City Administrator 19
CSCO (Davao City) Benito Antonio T. De Leon Head of Public Safety and Security Command NR Khoo Teng Chye Executive Director, Centre for Liveable Cities, Ministry of National Development Singapore CSCO Tan Chee Hau Director (Planning and Prioritisation), Smart Nation and Digital Government Office, Prime Minister s Office NR Ajarin Pattanapanchai Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society NR Chaiwat Thongkamkoon Director of Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning Thailand CSCO (Phuket) Passakon Prathombutr Digital Economy Planning Agency CSCO (Chonburi) Seksan Phunboonmee Policy and Plan Analyst, Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy CSCO (Bangkok) Montean Attajunya Director of Property Management Center NR Dương Hải Hưng Deputy Director General, ASEAN Department Ministry of Foreign Affairs Vietnam CSCO (Da Nang) Le Son Phong Deputy Director, Department of Information and Communication CSCO (Hanoi) Lê Hồng Sơn Vice Chairman, People s Committee of Ha Noi CSCO (Ho Chi Minh City) Lê Quốc Cường Deputy Director General, Department of Information & Technology 20
Annex 3. GDP per capita and Population Density of 26 ASCN Pilot Cities AMS Brunei Darussalam GDP per capita (2016, USD) Pilot Cities Population Density (square kilometer) 28,290.6 Bandar Seri Begawan 1,395 Battambang 672 Cambodia 1,384.4 Phnom Penh 2,622 Siem Reap 18 Makassar 245 Indonesia 3,846.9 Banyuwangi 277 Jakarta (Metro area) 4,383 Lao PDR 2,457.4 Luang Prahang 25 Vientiane (metro area) 4,938 Johor Bahru 1,450 Malaysia 9,944.9 Kuala Lumpur 6,890 Kota Kinbalu 1,364 Kuching 1,301 Mandalay 200 Myanmar 1,298.9 Nay Pyi Taw 130 Yangon 8,421 Cebu 2,927 Philippines 2,989.0 Davao City 667 Manila 42,857 Singapore 57,714.3 Singapore 8,274 Thailand 6,593.8 Vietnam 2,343.1 Bangkok 5,993 Chonburi 293 Phuket 685 Da Nang 746 Ha Noi 1,098 Ho Chi Minh City 3,505 21
아세안스마트시티네트워크, 기회와협력방안 이은영무역투자국대리 요약 2018 년 4 월 25 일 ~28 일싱가포르에서열린제 32 차아세안정상회의에서 아세안스마트시티네트워크 (ASEAN Smart Cities Network) 구축안 (concept note) 이나왔다. 싱가포르의주도하에추진되고있는 ASCN 은아세안 10 개국의 26 개의도시를스마트시티시범도시로지정하여스마트하고지속가능한도시를건설하자는목표를세웠다. 급격한도시화가야기하고있는교통난, 대기및수질오염등에관한이슈들을 IT 기술적용등을통해해결하자는것이구축안의주요내용이다. 2018 년 7 월 8 일싱가포르에서열린 ASCN 실무회의에서아세안스마트시티프레임워크및 26 개시범도시별실행계획이검토및승인되었다. 이후 2018 년 11 월제 33 차아세안정상회의에서아세안스마트시티프레임워크, 26 개시범도시별실행계획이최종채택될예정이다. 본보고서는아세안스마트시티네트워크추진전략및현황, 그리고아세안스마트시티시범도시분석및프로젝트추진전략을살펴보고아세안의스마트시티네트워크구축에한국이협력, 기여할수있는분야와방법을모색해보고자한다.
아세안스마트시티건설배경 2015 년말아세안경제공동체 (ASEAN Economic Community, AEC) 를출범한아세안은역내경제 통합및개발격차완화를위해역내관세철폐, 시장단일화, 통관절차개선 ( 싱글윈도우 ) 등의 다양한노력을경주하고있다. 특히, 스마트시티는 4 차산업혁명의모든기술과서비스를구현할수있는플랫폼인동시에지역간불균형을완화하고, 궁극적으로국가전체경제성장의동력이되어아세안역내경제통합을이룰수있는효과적방법의하나로간주되고있다. 이러한맥락에서아세안은싱가포르를주축으로하여아세안스마트시티네트워크구축을통해역내통합과경쟁력강화를노리고있다. 2018 년아세안의장국인싱가포르는지난 4 월 28 일제 32 차아세안정상회의에서 아세안스마트시티네트워크 (ASEAN Smart Cities Network, 이하 ASCN) 에대한구축안 (concept note) 을발표하여각국의지지를받았다. 이후, 5 월진행된 아세안스마트시티거버넌스워크숍 에각국대표를초청하여아세안의스마트시티에대한정의와 ASCN 의기대성과를담은 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 에대한논의가이루어졌고 26 개시범도시별실행계획을구축하였다 1. 또한, 7 월 8 일싱가포르에서개최된세계도시정상회의 (2018 World Cities Summit) 를계기로열린 ASCN 실무회의에서는보다구체화된 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 가검토및승인되었다. 오는 11 월제 33 차아세안정상회담에서는 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 채택과 ASCN 의공식출범을앞두고있다. 1 첨부 1. 아세안스마트시티시범도시명단과도시별스마트시티프로젝트 23
[ 표 1. ASCN 주요일정 ] 날짜 2018.2 주요일정 - 국가별지정한시범도시제출, 각국 ASCN 국가대표 (NR) 및스마트시티 최고책임자 (CSCO) 선출및공유 2018.4.25-28 제 32 차아세안정상회의에서 ASCN 구축안 (Concept Note) 성명채택 2018.5.22-25 스마트시티거버넌스워크숍 ( 싱가포르 ) 2018.7.8 -ASCN 실무회의개최 ( 싱가포르 ) 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 검토및승인 ( 싱가포르초안작성 ) ASCN 26 개시범도시시행계획 (action plan) 논의및수립 ASCN 의장기적제도화논의 트위닝프로그램 참여외부협력업체와네트워킹및파트너쉽제휴협의 2018.7 ~ - 프로젝트재점검과보완작업지속, 외부협력업체와지속적으로협의 2018.8 2018.10 2018.11 -제 51 회아세안외무장관회담 (ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting) 개최 트위닝프로그램결과발표 ASCN 관련업데이트사항및이니셔티브발표 -공동자문회의 (JCM) 의 아세안스마트시티기본구상 과 26 개시범도시시행계획검토및승인 -제 33 차아세안정상회담에서 ASCN 정식출범 아세안스마트시티프레임워크채택 ASCN 26 개시범도시시행계획채택 각도시별프로젝트와파트너쉽리스트초안채택 -상기 3 가지사항은 아세안조정위원회 (ACC) 을거쳐최종보고될예정 출처 : ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note, Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop 아세안스마트시티네트워크 (ASCN) 란 스마트시티의중요성을인식해온아세안회원국들은개별국가차원에서스마트시티지구를 조성하거나스마트시티개발프로젝트를추진해왔다. ASCN 은이러한개별적으로구축된아세안 스마트시티간교류를활성화하고협력을극대화하여, 궁극적으로아세안인의삶의질을개선하고 아세안의역내공동체건설에기여하는것을목표로삼고있다. ASCN 은이와같은목표를 달성하기위하여 ASCN 시범도시와산업분야, ASCN 의 4 가지핵심요소, ASCN 대표부및보고체계와같은기본구상을담은구축안 (concept note) 을제시하였고, 5 월아세안스마트시티거버넌스워크숍을통해상기내용을더욱구체화하였다. 현재까지구축된 ASCN 의기본구상은다음과같다 : 24
[ 표 2. ASCN 기본구상 ] 1. ASCN 대상시범도시와중점산업분야 2. ASCN 4 가지핵심요소 - 국가별로 3 개도시지정 * 브루나이와싱가포르는각각 1 개도시, 라오스 2 개도시, 말레이시아는 4 개도시를지정 제출하여총 26 개시범도시확정 -기존 노후도시에대한스마트시티조성 확산가능 ** 첨부 1. 아세안스마트시티시범도시명단과각도시별스마트시티프로젝트참조 -각지역별 / 도시별발전전략과방향및문화적배경및발전정도에따라도시별프로젝트상이 -스마트시티와연계된다양한산업또는분야 ( 교통, 수질관리, 에너지, 헬스케어, 교육, 공공복지등 ) 에서시범도시에맞는분야를선정하여집중개발 -아세안스마트시티프레임워크 (ASEAN Smart Cities Framework) -스마트시티개발을위한도시별시행계획 (2018-2025) (City- Specific Action Plans for Smart City Development) -ASCN 정기회의 (Annual Meeting of the ASCN) -트위닝프로그램 (Twinning Programme) 3. 대표부 4. 보고체계 -국가별로 ASCN 국가대표 (National Representative: NR) 1 인선정 * 각나라별 NR 은 ASCN 의장을수임 ( 순번제 ) -도시별로 (Chief Smart City Officer: CSCO) 1 인선정 -매년 ASCN 정기회의를통해취합된추진현황및주요성과를담은보고서를 ASCN 의장국이주요보고기구인공동자문회의 (Joint Consultative Meeting: JCM) 에제출. -JCM 은이를아세안조정이사회 (ASEAN Coordinating Council, ACC) 와아세안정상회담에최종보고 -아세안의장국 (ASEC) 의통합모니터링이사회 (Integration Monitoring Directorate, IMD) 에서 ASCN 의연간보고서초안지원및각도시별추진전략을관리 출처 : ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note, Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop 1. ASCN 대상시범도시와중점산업분야아세안 10 개국은국가별 3 개의시범도시를지정하고 2018 년 2 월까지 ASCN 의장국인싱가포르에제출하여 ASCN 에참여하기로하였다. 각국가별특성에맞춰브루나이와싱가포르는각각 1 개도시를, 라오스는 2 개도시를, 말레이시아는 4 개의도시를, 그리고나머지국가들은계획대로 25
3 개의도시를지정하여총 26 개의스마트시티시범도시를확정하였다. 아세안이강조하는형평성에서벗어난다는비판도받고있지만, ASCN 이아직시범단계인점을감안한다면, 본기구의역할과기능이발전함에따라 ASCN 참여도시도점차확대될것으로기대된다. 상대적으로개발이더딘캄보디아, 라오스, 미얀마는주로인프라개발이시급한수도또는관광지를위주로선정하였고, 이미스마트시티개발추진을시작한회원국들은기존 노후도시에스마트시티를조성 확산하고자하였다. [ 표 3. 스마트시티시범도시 ] No. 아세안회원국스마트시티시범도시 1 브루나이 Bandar Seri Begawan * 수도 2 Battambang 3 캄보디아 Phnom Penh * 수도 4 Siem Reap 5 Banyuwangi 6 인도네시아 Jakarta * 수도 7 Makassar 8 Luang Prabang 라오스 9 Vientiane * 수도 10 Johor Bahru 11 Kota Kinabalu 말레이시아 12 Kuala Lumpur * 수도 13 Kuching 14 Mandalay 15 미얀마 Nay Pyi Taw * 수도 16 Yangon 17 Cebu City 18 필리핀 Davao City 19 Manila * 수도 20 싱가포르 Singapore * 수도 21 Bangkok * 수도 22 태국 Chonburi 23 Phuket 24 Da Nang 25 베트남 Ha Noi * 수도 26 Ho Chi Minh City 출처 : ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note 26
ASCN에서는스마트시티와연계된다양한산업분야를장려하고있다. ASCN 은궁극적으로빅데이터, 인공지능 (AI) 등과같은 4 차산업기술을접목시켜교통체증, 수질오염, 환경오염과같이급격한도시화로인한부작용을해소하여삶의질을더욱개선하는것을목표로삼고있기때문에, 각시범도시가직면한이슈또는개발단계에맞춘산업분야를중점적으로개발하는것을적극적으로권장한다. 특히, 아세안회원국중전통적인산업발전과기존인프라가부족한신흥국에는전통적인인프라와최첨단 IT 기술을접목시켜 지속가능한인프라 를구축하는데초점을맞춤으로써, 회원국간개발격차를완화하고자노력하고있다. 2. ASCN 의 4 가지핵심요소 ASCN 은 아세안스마트시티프레임워크, 스마트시티개발을위한도시별시행계획 2018-2025, ASCN 정기회의, 트위닝프로그램 의 4 가지핵심요소를기반으로추진되고있다. 첫째, 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 로 ASCN 의로드맵과발전방향을제시하고, 둘째, 제시된방향에맞춰각시범도시별경제발전수준에맞춘 스마트시티개발을위한도시별시행계획 을수립하고, 셋째, ASCN 정기회의를통해이러한추진성과와향후계획을점검하며, 마지막으로외부협력기관과민간기업의참여를통해지역발전과비즈니스기회창출의두마리토끼를잡는다는전략이다. ASCN 의 4 가지핵심요소를조금더구체적으로살펴보면다음과같다. 첫째, 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 는각국가별스마트시티개발의길잡이역할을하는지침을담은문서로, 각국국가대표 (NR) 와시범도시관계자들이협력하여작성한다. 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 의주요내용은스마트시티에대한정의, ASCN 의기본원칙과주요기대성과이며, 주요추진방향은 지속가능한스마트시티 를구축하는데초점을맞추고있다. 여기서눈여겨볼만한내용은 아세안스마트시티 에대한정의이다. 스마트시티에대한보편적인정의가규정되어있지않은상황에서, ASCN 은아세안의특성을잘나타내는동시에모든회원국의스마트시티개발단계를포괄할수있는 아세안스마트시티 를정의하기위해논의중이다 2. 회원국들은아세안 10 개국간경제발전수준과속도, 기술수준이상이하다는점, 그리고아세안스마트시티에대한정의는선진도시의첨단기술도입뿐만아니라도시인프라개발까지아우르는포괄적인정의가되어야한다는데의견을모았으며, 현아세안스마트시티에대한정의를내리는막바지작업을진행중에있다. 초안은올해의장국인싱가포르가작성하여시범도시들과논의를통해오는 11 월제 33 회아세안정상회의에서정식채택된다. 2 본보고서는 7 월중순경작성되었다. 7 월 8 일개최된 ASCN 에서 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 가승인 되었지만, 프레임워크자료는아직공표되지않았다. 27
[ 그림 1. 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 초안 ] 출처 : Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Network 둘째, 아세안공동체비전 (ASEAN Community Vision 2025) 에맞춰기간을설정한 스마트시티개발을위한도시별시행계획 2018-2025 (City-Specific Action Plans for Smart City Development 2018-2025) 은도시별스마트시티중점분야의구체적인프로젝트와시행계획을담고있다. 25 개의시범도시 ( 필리핀마닐라만스마트시티계획미정 ) 의프로젝트에는지속가능한환경보존, 폐기물관리, 안전과안보, 도심이동수단과같은분야가주를이루고있다. 시행계획은도시개발을첨단산업과함께육성하여포괄적이며지속가능한도시기획을실행할수있는계획위주로작성되었으며, 시범도시의기존청사진에서발전시키거나새로이작성하였다 3. 스마트시티개발을위한도시별시행계획 2018-2025 는 7 월 8 일개최된 ASCN 실무회의에서회원국들의승인을받았으며, 승인된내용을기반으로추후민간기업과의협의를통해상업성이높은프로젝트를마련해구체화하게된다. 7 월 8 일개최된 ASCN 실무회의는 ASCN 을출범하기위한마지막의견조율과정이었다. 동회의에서 아세안스마트시티프레임워크 와 스마트시티개발을위한도시별시행계획 2018-2025 가회원국들의승인을받았으며, ASCN 의 3 번째핵심요소인 ASCN 정기회의를내년부터개최하기로합의하였다. ASCN 정기회의는아세안의장국이주최하며, 각회원국과시범도시관계자들이모두참석하여시범도시들의추진현황과향후계획에대하여논의할방침이다. 특히, 3 시범도시별프로젝트는첨부 1. 아세안스마트시티시범도시명단과도시별스마트시티프로젝트 참조 28
시범도시전담팀과민간기업들이지속적으로프로젝트추진현황에대해서논의할수있는 플랫폼을제공함으로써다양한민간기업의참여를활성화할전망이다. ASCN 의 4 번째핵심요소는 트위닝프로그램 (Twinning Programme) 으로, ASCN 시범도시와외부파트너 ( 다자개발은행, 금융및컨설팅기관, 제조업종등민간기업 ) 간의상생발전관계구축을통해스마트시티개발을촉진시키는데목적을두고있다. 이러한 트위닝프로그램 을통해상업성있는프로젝트를발굴, 시행하여스마트시티의실현가능성을높일수있을것으로기대된다. 첫의장국인싱가포르가 7 월 ASCN 첫회의에서트위닝프로그램을위한 매칭 플랫폼자리를마련하였고오는 8 월 51 회아세안외교장관회의및관련부처간회의에서최종트위닝프로그램리스트를발표할예정이다. 3. 대표부아세안국가들은국가별 ASCN 국가대표 (National Representative, NR) 와도시별 (Chief Smart City Officer, CSCO) 를선정하여 ASCN 연례정기회에참석해 ASCN 추진전략을논의하고, 추진성과와향후계획을점검하게된다. ASCN 프로젝트를주도적으로이끌어나가는총괄감독역할을하는국가대표 (NR) 는주로내무부, 외교부또는스마트시티와관련된정부부처의고위관리자가맡는다. 매년순환되는아세안의장국의국가대표 (NR) 가 ASCN 의의장으로선출되어 ASCN 정기회의를주재하고회의에서논의된추진성과와향후계획에대한보고서를작성한다. 각도시별 (CSCO) 는시범도시로지정된지방자치제에서도시기획을전담하는부서장또는고위급인시장또는지사가맡는다. ASCN 국가대표 (NR) 와 (CSCO) 들은지난 5 월 22-25 일개최된 ASCN 워크숍에참석하여 ASCN 의주요의제인아세안스마트시티기본구상, 도시별시행계획, 정기회의 제도화및외부협력기관과의파트너십을추진하는 트위닝프로그램 에대해서논의했다. [ 표 4. ASCN 대표부주요역할과업무 ] 대표부선정계급주요역할과업무 ASCN 국가대표각국가별 1 인정부부처고위관리 -ASCN 정기회의시각국대표단대표 -아세안의장국의 NR 은 ASCN 의의장으로임명 - 담당도시의스마트시티프로젝트 스마트시티 최고책임자 각도시별 1 인 지방자치별도시기획또는 스마트시티관련담당자 시행계획과구체적인프로젝트작성 - ASCN 정기회의참석 출처 : ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note 29
4. 보고체계 ASCN 은 공동자문회의 (Joint Consultative Meeting, JCM) 를구축하여 ASCN 의주요보고기구역할을전담시킬예정이다. ASCN 의장국과회원국들의 ASCN 지원전담팀이연간개최되는 ASCN 정기회담에서논의된추진현황및주요성과를담은보고서를 JCM 에제출하면 JCM 이이를아세안조정이사회 (ASEAN Coordinating Council, ACC) 와아세안정상회담에최종보고하는방식이다. 아세안의장국 (ASEC) 산하통합모니터링이사회 (Integration Monitoring Directorate, IMD) 에서모니터링과 ASCN 의연간보고서초안작성지원과각도시별추진전략을관리한다. [ 그림 2. ASCN 보고체제 ] 출처 : ASEAN Smart Cities Network Concept Note 아세안의스마트시티현황 글로벌컨설팅사 AT Kearny 에따르면아세안 10 개국에서는이미 40 개의스마트시티프로젝트가 진행되고있다. 가장많은프로젝트를진행하고있는나라는인도네시아로현재 15 개의프로젝트를 진행하고있으며, 그뒤를따르는태국과베트남이각 5 개의프로젝트를진행중이다. 아세안 10 개국중스마트시티분야에서가장선진국인나라는싱가포르와말레이시아이며, 신흥국인 캄보디아, 라오스, 미얀마는스마트시티건설첫단계인도로, 철도등인프라구축에박차를가하고 있다. 국가별추진현황을간략히살펴보면다음과같다. 도시국가싱가포르는 스마트네이션 (Smart Nation) 을국가비전으로채택하여 스마트시티 개념을도시를넘어국가차원으로확대함으로써도시국가의한계를장점으로승화시켰다. 30
싱가포르는정부의공공기관데이터를연결하고공유하는플랫폼을구축하고, 지능형교통시스템과무인자동차시스템도입등첨단기술을과감하게도입하여국민의삶의질을더욱더개선하는데주력하고있다. 싱가포르는정부주도의강력한리더십을바탕으로사회기반시설과공적기능의운영을자동화및네트워크화하고이를공유하기위해 세계도시정상회의 와같은스마트시티관련국제행사도적극적으로개최하는등스마트시티의대표적인성공모델로손꼽히고있다. 말레이시아또한스마트시티분야의역내선두주자로발돋움하고있다. 주요도시인프라를갖춘말레이시아는자동화와빅데이터분석을통한최적화등기존도시의효율성을높이는데주력하고있다. 일례로, 2018 년초쿠알라룸프르시는중국의 IT 대기업알리바바와협약을맺어교통혼잡을줄이고교통사고에도즉각대응할수있는알리바바의클라우드서비스인 시티브레인 을적용하기로했다. 시티브레인은클라우드컴퓨팅인프라를기반으로빅데이터와인공지능 (AI) 을활용하는서비스이다. 가장많은스마트시티프로젝트를추진하고있는인도네시아도도시화로인한각종부작용이심화되면서스마트시티건설의필요성을느끼고있다. 인도네시아는많은섬들로구성되어있어대중교통인프라가부족한데, 이에스마트시티프로젝트를통해교통체증및교통통제와같은문제점들을보완하는데주려가고있다. 또한, 모든거래에서이용할수있는 자카르타원카드 를도입하여사용패턴모니터링을통해시민들의생활을분석하고이를기반으로정책을수립하는방식으로스마트시티에더욱가까워지고있다. 베트남은 2030 년까지하노이북부 310ha 면적에스마트시티지구를일본과함께조성한다는계획을올해초발표하였다. 수도권에위치한만큼자율운행대중교통 ( 버스 ) 체계, 지속가능한친환경도시건설등을목표로하고있다. 또한호치민에는영상감시시스템, 컴퓨터지원설계 (Computer- Aided Drafting, CAD), 도서지리정보시스템 (Geographic Information System, GIS) 등과같은최첨단기술과시설을설비한통합비상상황대응센터를설립할계획이다. 아세안에서가장인기가많은관광지인태국은민간 IT 업체인델, 인텔과협업하여의료관광을확대하는스마트시티를추진하고있다. 파일럿도시인푸켓에서는도시에분포되어있는사물인터넷 (IoT) 을통해취합한데이터를바탕으로각종차량관련정보와환경데이터를분석하여 안전한도시 를만들기위해노력하고있다. 아세안스마트시티유형분석 도시는상황이각양각색이다. 그러므로스마트시티에서 one size fits all 전략은효과적이지않다. 도시마다발전수준과재원, 도시가처한상황에기초하여도시별로스마트시티추진전략과목표가 상이해야한다. 이러한차원에서, McKinsey & Co. 의도시분류는스마트시티구축에있어각도시의 31
특성을효과적으로분류하고이에따른전략을수립하는데도움을줄수있다. 경제발전도와 인구밀도에따라도시는다음과같은 4 가지로분류될수있다. [ 표 5. 경제발전과인구밀도에따른도시유형 ] 인구밀도 선진국형 신흥국형 높음 일본도쿄 멕시코멕시코시티 낮음 미국휴스턴 캄보디아프놈펜 출처 : McKinsey & Co., 2016 보고서 이러한분석을아세안의 26 개스마트시티시범도시에적용해보았다 4. McKinsey & Co. 의틀을 활용하되, 경제발전정도의기준은 36 개 OECD 회원국중소득이제일낮은멕시코의일인당 국내총생산인 18,535 달러를기준으로선진국과신흥국으로분류하였고 5 인구밀도는 26 개 시범도시의평균인구밀도인 4,179/km² 를기준으로잡아분류하였다 6. 분석결과, 26 개시범도시중 18 개도시가인구밀도가낮은신흥국으로분류되었고, 그다음으로 많은유형은인구밀도가높은신흥국으로자카르타, 비엔티엔, 쿠알라룸푸르, 양곤, 마닐라, 방콕과 같이총 6 개도시가이에해당되었다. 싱가포르가아세안중유일하게일본도쿄와같은 인구밀도가높은선진국형도시에속했으며, 브루나이반다르스리버가완은인구밀도가낮은선진국형도시유형으로분류되었다. 즉, ASCN 시범도시중 70 퍼센트가량이신흥국으로, 앞으로도시로의인구이동이꾸준히진행될것으로전망된다. 이러한현황으로비추어보아, ASCN 시범도시는단순한 IT 기술접목이아닌, 도시화 (Urbanization) 에맞춰인프라확장과 IT 기술의접목을동시에구축하는방향으로스마트시티개발을추진할전망이다. 한국기업도이와같은실정을인지하여아세안스마트시티분야진출시이와같은스마트시티구축유형과목표에맞춰, 전략을짜야할것이다. 4 McKinsey & Co. 자료에따르면인도네시아자카르타가인도밀도가낮은신흥국으로되어있는데, 재검증해본결과, 자카르타의인구밀도는 4,383/km² 로 ASCN 시범도시평균인 4,179/km² 보다도높은축에속했다. 2016년도에작성된 McKinsey & Co. 보고서가 2016년이전에취합된인구밀도자료를사용하였을것이며, 그사이인구가팽창한것으로보인다. 이에, 저자는자카르타를인구밀도가높은인구밀도가높은신흥국으로재분류하였고, 캄보디아프놈펜을인구밀도가낮은신흥국으로재분류하였다. 한편, 도쿄와멕시코시티가각각 6,158/km², 6,000/km² 인반면, 휴스턴과프놈펜은각각 1,301.8/km², 2,622/km² 으로나타났다. 5 OECD 2016년도기준 GDP per Capita 자료 6 첨부 3. ASCN 시범도시의 1 인당국내총생산과인구밀도 참조 32
[ 그림 3. 경제발전과인구밀도에따른 ASCN 시범도시분포도 7 ] 한 - 아세안스마트시티협력방안 아직까지스마트시티에대한보편화된정의는수립되어있지않지만, 광범위한정의로본다면스마트시티란도시화로생긴도시문제를 IT 기술로해소하여삶의질을개선해나가는지속가능한도시이다. 삶의질을개선하는것이궁극적목표이기에그범위역시 E-거버넌스시스템, 폐기물관리, 폐수관리, 신 재생에너지관리, 에너지효율화, 스마트교통정보시스템, 스마트교육및의료시스템등과같이도시행정전반을아우른다. 한국정부도대통령직속 4 차산업혁명위원회산하 스마트시티특별위원회 를발족하여 ICT, 인공지능, 친환경에너지등첨단산업의기술개발 (R&D) 과기술개발및적용에대한규제개선, 스마트시티관련사업에기업참여를촉진시킬수있는환경구축등다양한노력을개진하고있다. 궁극적으로는기술개발및규제개선을통해기업의참여를장려하여내수시장을활성화시키고, 효율적인스마트시트구축시스템을개발, 산업화하여해외에수출하는것이목표이다. 정부는스마트시티시스템의해외수출뿐만아니라, 국내기업의해외진출지원을위한노력도 병행하고있다. 2017 년 11 월문재인대통령은인도네시아 베트남 필리핀순방당시발표한새로운 대 ( 對 ) 아세안정책인 신 ( 新 ) 남방정책 구상에서, 한국의스마트시티추진경험과노하우를 7 본분포도는 UN World Urbanization Prospects 와 World Bank GDP per capita (2017) 의데이터를활용 하였다. 자세한사항은첨부 3 참조. 33
아세안과공유하고싱가포르의 스마트네이션 건설에참여하겠다고밝힌바있다 8. 이에대한후속조치로 2018 년 3 월베트남 싱가포르와스마트시티분야협력강화가논의되었다. 또한문재인대통령은 7 월한-싱가포르비즈니스포럼기조연설에서 싱가포르가주도하는 ASCN 사업에한국이아세안의미래동반자로서적극적으로기여할것 이라고강조하였다 9 새롭게출범한 ASCN 을적극적으로활용한다면, 한국의민간기업역시아세안스마트시티분야진출을적극추진해나갈수있을것이다. 앞서언급한바와같이, 한국기업이아세안스마트시티분야진출, 협력에성공하기위해서는도시별유형에맞춘차별화된접근전략을고려해야할것이다. 아세안은경제발전속도와경제수준이나라별, 도시별로격차가매우크다. 이에, 아세안각회원국이도시별로추구하는전략과목표를잘파악해야한다. ASCN 과같은플랫폼을활용한다면, 비슷한유형의스마트시티에동시다발적진출도충분히가능할것이다. 스마트시티유형을파악하고우리기업이경쟁력을갖춘분야를바탕으로아세안각회원국의도시가치를높일수있는맞춤형기술을접목하여접근해야할것이다. 일례로인구밀도가높은신흥국유형의필리핀마닐라에는대중교통시스템이우후죽순으로조성되어있어서울의 TOPIS(Transport Operation and Information Service) 수출을검토해볼수있다. TOPIS 는버스나지하철도착정보등대중교통정보를하나로관리하고제공하는서비스로마닐라의대중교통시스템개선에큰도움을줄수있을것이다. 또한태국의시범도시로선정된푸켓은태국의대표적인관광지이기때문에여행객들의치안확보가중요하다. 서울의치안, 방범문제를방지해주는 CCTV 시스템의수출로푸켓의치안안정성을확보한다면관광업이더욱활성화될수있을것으로전망된다. IT 강국인한국은스마트시티와관련된다양한분야에서풍부한경험, 시스템과기술을보유하고 있다. 따라서, 아세안의스마트시티프로젝트에참여하거나관련분야협력을통해아세안의 경제통합및발전에기여를할수있을것이다. 한 - 아세안센터의 ASCN 지원 한-아세안센터는아세안의스마트시티산업을육성하고동시에아세안진출을고려하고있는한국의스마트시티관련기업에게진출발판을마련해줄수있는프로그램을지속적으로개발할계획이다. 당기관은지난 2017 년 1 월, 13 개의스마트시티분야유관기관과기업관계자를인도네시아자카르타에 투자및시장조사단 으로파견, 스마트시티현장방문및현지기업인및 8 문재인대통령아세안기업투자써밋연설중 (2017.11.13.) 9 문재인대통령한 - 싱가포르비즈니스포럼기조연설중 (2018.07.12.) 34
정부관계자들과의면담을통해인도네시아와한국의스마트시티사업에대한정보를교류하였다. 또한, 오는 11 월대한상공회의소와공동으로주최하는제 6 회아세안연계성포럼에서도아세안 10 개국의스마트시티관련부처고위공무원을초청하여각국의스마트시티정책과사업에대한정보를제공할예정이다. 이밖에도, 한 - 아세안센터는 ASCN 이추진하는 트위닝프로그램 에한국기업의참여를지원하는 채널역할을해나가고자한다. 지난 7 월 8 일 ASCN 실무회의에서일본의 Yokohama Urban Solution Alliance 사와태국시범도시인촌부리 (Chonburi) 지역의스마트그리드프로젝트인 Amata Smart City Chonburi 가폐기물에너지발전소건설계약을체결한바있다. 일본의 사례처럼한국기업도아세안스마트시티프로젝트와연결될수있도록, 한 - 아세안센터는그채널 역할을충실히해나갈계획이다. 35
첨부 1. 아세안스마트시티시범도시명단과도시별스마트시티프로젝트 No. 아세안회원국시범도시도시별프로젝트 1 브루나이반다르세리베가완 -Kampong Ayer( 수상가옥 ) 수도시설재개발 - 강물정화관리프로젝트 2 바탐방 - 도심가로와공공장소관리 -( 고체 액체등의 ) 폐기물관리 3 캄보디아프놈펜 4 시엠립 -스마트공공장소 ( 노화된 11 개의도로복구 ) -공영버스시스템효율성개선 - 시내중심가 ( 고체 액체등의 ) 폐기물관리 - 스마트한관광객관리시스템개선 5 반유왕이 - 외곽지역의공공서비스접근성향상 - 교육제도개선 6 인도네시아 자카르타 7 마카사르 8 루앙프라방 라오스 9 비엔티엔 - Oke Otrip ( 대중교통통합결제시스템 ) - OK-OCE (One District One Centre of Entrepreneurship: 창업통합센터 ) - Dottoro ta ( 홈케어서비스 ) - Sipakatau ( 통합조세시스템 ) - 도시녹지공간확보를위한문화유산습지복원 - 콘크리트도보와도로건설 - 배수시설설립 - 지속가능한교통계획 ( Last Mile 이라는대중교통시스템에중점 ) 10 조호르바루 - 도심데이터측정및관리시스템 (Urban Observatory) - 도시통합수도관리청사진 11 코타키나발루 말레이시아 12 쿠알라룸푸르 13 쿠칭 14 만달레이 미얀마 15 네피도 - 통합대중교통시스템 - 통합폐기물관리시스템 - KL Urban Observatory ( 도심데이터측정및관리 ) - 지방자치제의지속가능한폐기물관리 - 통합대중교통시스템 - 통합물난리관리및재난대응시스템 - 대중교통및트래픽관리 - 주차및도보공간관리 - 보급형주거공간 - 국제대학설립 ( 교육허브구축 ) 36
- 구입가능한주거시설프로젝트 16 양곤 - TOD 프로젝트와렌탈주거형식 (Hlaing Tharyar Township) - 양곤도시시내보존 17 세부 - 자동화된교통관제시스템 - Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) 시내버스시스템 필리핀 18 다바오시티 - 통합지휘및통제센터 - 자동화된시내교통통제시스템 19 마닐라 ( 미정 ) 20 싱가포르싱가포르 - 전자결제 (E-Payments) - 국가디지털아이덴티티 (NDI) 수립 21 방콕 - Pahonyothin Transport Center ( 파혼요틴교통센터 ) 22 태국촌부리 23 푸켓 - 스마트그리드프로젝트 - 폐기물에너지화프로젝트 - 도시정보플랫폼 - Phuket Eagle Eyes (CCTV 시스템 ) 24 다낭 - 데이터기반교통관제 (CCTV, 교통 GIS 등 ) - 정보운영센터 25 베트남하노이 - 정보교통 (I- 파킹, E- 티켓대중교통, 온라인차량등록과 E- 플레이트시스템등 ) - 스마트투어리즘 ( 여행포털과모바일앱등 ) 26 호치민 - 정보운영센터 - 통합비상사태대응센터 * 총 26 개도시 ( 출처 : Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop) 37
첨부 2. 아세안국가별 ASCN 국가대표 (NR) 와 (CSCO) 국가역할이름직함및기관 아세안 의장국 의장국대표 Dr. Julia Puspadewi Tijaja Director, ASEC Integration Monitoring Directorate ASCN 국가대표 H.E. Ajman Meludin Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs 브루나이 ( 반다르세리베가완 ) Hali Ali Matyassin Chairman of the Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Baord, Ministry of Home Affairs ASCN 국가대표 H.E. Prum Sokha Secretry of State of the Ministry of Interior 캄보디아 ( 바탐방 ) Soeum Bunrith Deputy Governor of Battambang ( 프놈펜 ) Nuon Pharat Deputy Governor of Phnom Penh ( 시엠립 ) Ly Samreth Deputy Governor of Siem Reap Director of Regional Government, Performance ASCN 국가대표 Ir. Gunawan, MA Evaluation and Capacity Building, Ministry of Home Affairs 인도네시아 ( 반유왕이 ) Budi Santoso Acting Head of Communication, Infomatics and Crypto Office ( 자카르타 ) Dian Ekowati Head of Communication and Infomatics Office ( 마카사르 ) Ismail Hajiali Head of Communication and Infomatics Office ASCN 국가대표 H.E. Thongphane Savanphet Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs 라오스 ( 루앙프라방 ) Soukan Bounnhong Mayor of Luang Prabang City Vilayvone Director of Vientiane City Office ( 비엔티엔 ) Chanthalaty for Management and Service 38
ASCN 국가대표 Hajah Rokibah binti Abdul Latif Director General, Federal Department of Town and Country Planning (PLANMalaysia) (Johor Bahru) Raja Zuraifah Binti Raja Musa Vice President, Planning & Compliance, Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) 말레이시아 ( 조호르바루 ) Maimunah Binti Jaffar Head of Department, Planning & Compliance, Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) ( 코타키나발루 ) Stanley Chong Hon Chung Director, Town Planning Department, Kota Kinabalu City Hall ( 쿠알라룸푸르 ) Nik Mastura Diyana binti Nik Mohamad Deputy Director, City Planning Department, Kuala Lumpur City Hall ( 쿠칭 ) Julin Bin Alen Principal Assistant Director, State Planning Unit Sarawak Chief Minister s Office ASCN 국가대표 N/A N/A ( 네피도 ) Myo Aung Permanent Secretary of Nay Pyi Taw Development Committee Director of Urban Planning 미얀마 ( 양곤 ) Tin Tin Kyi Division and Representative from Yangon City Development Committee ( 만달레이 ) Ye Myat Thu Committee Member of Mandalay City Development Committee OIC Assistant Secretary, National Development Office II - ASCN 국가대표 Jonathan L. Uy Investment Programming, National Economic and 필리핀 Development Authority ( 세부 ) Nigel Paul C. Villarete City Administrator Benito Antonio T. Head of Public Safety and ( 다바오시티 ) De Leon Security Command 39
Executive Director, Centre for ASCN 국가대표 Khoo Teng Chye Liveable Cities, Ministry of National Development 싱가포르 Director (Planning and Tan Chee Hau Prioritisation), Smart Nation and Digital Government Office, Prime Minister s Office ASCN 국가대표 Ajarin Pattanapanchai Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society ASCN 국가대표 Chaiwat Thongkamkoon Director of Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning 태국 ( 푸켓 ) Passakon Prathombutr Digital Economy Planning Agency ( 촌부리 ) Seksan Phunboonmee Policy and Plan Analyst, Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy ( 방콕 ) Montean Attajunya Director of Property Management Center Deputy Director General, ASEAN ASCN 국가대표 Dương Hải Hưng Department Ministry of Foreign Affairs 베트남 ( 다낭 ) Le Son Phong Deputy Director, Department of Information and Communication ( 하노이 ) Lê Hồng Sơn Vice Chairman, People s Committee of Ha Noi Deputy Director General, Lê Quốc Cường Department of Information & ( 호치민 ) Technology ( 출처 : Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop) 40
첨부 3. ASCN 시범도시의 1 인당국내총생산과인구밀도 국가 1 인당국내인구밀도시범도시총생산량 (2016, USD) (square kilometer) 브루나이 28,290.6 반다르세리베가완 1,395 바탐방 672 캄보디아 1,384.4 프놈펜 2,622 시엠립 18 마카사르 245 인도네시아 3,846.9 반유왕이 277 자카르타 ( 메트로 ) 4,383 라오스 2,457.4 루앙프라방 25 비엔티엔 4,938 조호르바루 1,450 쿠알라룸푸르 6,890 말레이시아 9,944.9 모타키나발루 1,364 쿠칭 1,301 만달레이 200 미얀마 1,298.9 네피도 130 양곤 8,421 세부 2,927 필리핀 2,989.0 다바오시티 667 마닐라 42,857 싱가포르 57,714.3 싱가포르 8,274 방콕 5,993 태국 6,593.8 촌부리 293 푸켓 685 다낭 746 베트남 2,343.1 하노이 1,098 호치민 3,505 ( 출처 : World Bank 2017, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs) 41
참고문헌 < 기관자료와보고서 > ASEAN Secretariat. (2018, April 27). Concept Note of ASEAN Smart Cities Network. Retrieved from http://asean.org/concept-note-of-the-asean-smart-cities-network/ ASEAN Singapore 2018. (2018, May 25). Information Paper on the ASEAN Smart Cities Governance Workshop. Retrieved from https://www.asean2018.sg/newsroom/press- Releases/Press-Release-Details/20180525ASCNWorkshop ASEAN Singapore 2018. (2018, July 08). Transcript of Opening Address by Minister at the Inaugural ASEAN Smart Cities Network Meeting. Retrieved from https://www.asean2018.sg/newsroom/press-releases/press-release- Details/20180708_Inaugural_ASEAN_Smart_Cities_Network_Meeting The Blue House. (2017, Nov. 13). President Moon s Remarks at the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC). Retrieved from http://www1.president.go.kr/c/president-speeches?page=10 The Blue House. (2018, July 12). President Moon s Remarks at Korea-Singapore Business Forum. Retrieved from http://www1.president.go.kr/articles/3821 Naveen Menon, Soon Ghee Chua, Nikolai Dobberstein, Jungkiu Choi, Shankar Ranganathan, Sue Lynn Hui, Ming Yew Lim, Ratna Yani, Neerag Monga. (2015). The ASEAN Digital Revolution. AT Kearny. Shannon Bouton, Eric Hannon, Stefan Knupfer and Surya Ramkumar. (2016, October). An Integrated Perspective on the Future of Mobility. McKinsey Global Institute. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. Retrieved from https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/dataquery/ The World Bank (2017). GDP per capita (current US$). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ny.gdp.pcap.cd?locations=sa Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2016). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita (current US$). Retrieved from https://data.oecd.org/gdp/grossdomestic-product-gdp.htm 손병철 (2015, July 10). 인도네시아주요대도시, 스마트시티 건설에박차. 인도네시아수라바야무역관. Retrieved from http://news.kotra.or.kr/user/globalallbbs/kotranews/album/2/globalbbsdataallview.do?da 42
taidx=143732&column=title&search= 스마트시티 &searchareacd=&searchnationcd=&searchtr adecd=&searchstartdate=&searchenddate=&searchcategoryidxs=&searchindustrycateidx=& page=1&row=10 ASEAN-Korea Centre. (2018). ASEAN and Korea Relation. Retrieved from https://www.aseankorea.org/kor/ < 신문 > 정민승. (2018, March 8). Changing ASEAN, City Construction Wave for Innovative Residence Transportation Environment. Hankook Ilbo. Retrieved from http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/d8a0606b8d224b978e51ee12cf6baa13 43
www.aseankorea.org