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WDM * OADM MUX/DEMUX EDFA Er + Doped Fiber Isolator Isolator GFF WDM Coupler 1.48 um LD 1.48 um LD Transmitter Receiver MUX EDFA OADM DEMUX Switch
Fiber Optics Micro Optics Waveguide Optics Isolator, Circulator, Collimator O DWDM O O O OADM O O O Attenuator O O O Interleaver O O O Wavelength Locker O O O Tunable Filter O O O Switch O O Power Splitter (Coupler) O O PM Compensator O O Modulator O O
Collimator &
Performance Reliability Cost / Unit To manufacture Application Thin Film Waveguide Fiber Grating -used for WB and NB -Good for low channel count -passive -Reliability only Dependnt on Packaging -Effective for low Channel counts -MUX/DEMUX -Fixed OADM -Wideband EDFA -50 GHz application with high channel count -requires heater or temperature stabilizer package -Great for high Channel counts -MUX/DEMUX -Great for low channel count applications -requires heater or temperature stabilizer package -provides a hybrid solution for low channel counts -MUX/DEMUX -Tunable OADM
l2 l1, l2, l3 l2 Drop l2
1xN AWG Mux/Demux
Fused Fiber Coupler Fused Region Down Taper Up Taper Two coupler combined All-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer λ1,λ2,λ3,......,λ14,λ15,λ16 λ1,λ3,λ5,... λ13,λ15 λ2,λ4,λ6,... λ14,λ16 Example of 1x16 Multiplex λ1,λ5,λ9,λ13 λ3,λ7,λ11,λ15 λ2,λ6,λ10,λ14 λ4,λ8,λ12,λ16 λ1,λ9 λ5,λ13 λ3,λ11 λ7, λ15 λ2, λ10 λ6, λ14 λ4, λ12 λ8, λ16 λ1 λ9 λ5 λ13 λ3 λ11 λ7 λ15 λ2 λ10 λ6 λ14 λ4 λ12 λ8 λ16 For N wavelength, N-1 coupler needed
TYPE 1996 2000 2005 $Mil % $Mil % $Mil % Thin film interferometer 11.85 22 91.2 35 287 36 Bragg Fiber Grating 3.60 7 44.9 17 182 23 Array Waveguide Grating 36.35 67 116.5 45 307 39 Other Thechnology 2.45 5 6.7 3 16 2 Total 54.25 100 259.3 100 792 100 Source:Electroniccast Corp.
l 1 l n l 1 l n circulator Drop Add Drop Add
Input l 1 A, l 2, l 3, l 4 Add port l 1 B Drop port l 1 A Output l 1B, l 2, l 3, l 4
DEMUX 2x2 switches MUX. Transponder ( Rx + Tx) ADD DROP
Million $ 56 91 127 198 258 361 Yr.
DEMUX 2x2 switches MUX EDFA. VOA VOA EDFA Transponder ( Rx + Tx) ADD DROP
- - *
Optical output PD (b) PD (a) Locking frequency Frequency [GHz]
- - * Santec, JDS Uniphase wavelength locker * JDS Uniphase wavelength locker * Nortel
power (dbm) -40-45 -50-55 -60-65 -70-75 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 Bragg wavelength (nm)
λ λ λ λ λ TE TM TM TE LiNbO 3 λ λ λ output TE TM TM TE λ λ Drop signal
1. 2. ( Eye-pattern) ( Eye-pattern)
- *.. - *,, Half-Wave Plate Quarter-Wave Plate Liquid Crystal. * LiNbO3 LiTaO3,. LN wafer mode converter phase shifter
Optical Modulator
Optical Modulator, :,, LAN, CATV
Optical Modulator EA Modulated DFB laser(iii-v) LiNbO3 Modulator Trench Distributed feedback laser section Electroabsor ptionmodulated laser p-inp/ingaas Current Blocking Layers n-inp substrate Grating InGaAsP Multiquantum Well Layers Low driving voltage(2~3v) No polarization maintaining fiber Compact, Cost-effective, Integrated with LD Lucent tech, Alcatel, Samsung Elec. High speed (2.5~40Gbps) Polarization dependents(pmf required) Adjustable chirp, Long distance transmission Lucent tech, Sumitomo cemement,gec
JDS uniphase NEL 1 cost. Infra (,,, )