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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 6 pp , ISSN / eissn 문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육이 MBTI 성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기에미치는효과 - 모의실험 김혜영 1, 문경자 2* 1 계명대학교간호대학, 2 울산과학대학교간호학과 Effects of simulation integrated problem based learning (Si-PBL) on Critical thinking, Problem solving, Learning motivation according to Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Personality Type - Pilot study Hye-Young Kim 1, Kyoung-Ja Moon 2* 1 College of Nursing, Keimyung University 2 Department of Nursing, Ulsan College 요약본논문은문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육이 MBTI 성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력및학습동기에미치는효과를분석하고자시도되었다. 간호전공심화생 19명을대상으로첫 6주간문제기반학습패키지로학습하고, 그후 5주는문제기반학습연계의통합시뮬레이션교육을받은후비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기를평가하고이를 MBTI 성격유형에따라분석하였다. 그결과외래근무심화생의학습동기와이전에시뮬레이션교육경험이없는심화생의비판적사고가유의하게높았으며, 논리적이고창의적인유형 (NT) 에서비판적사고가유의하게높았다. 학습에대한태도와동기는성격유형과유형들이가지는특징에영향을받을수있으므로, 문제기반학습기반의시뮬레이션교육의효과를높이기위해서는대상자들의성격유형을고려하고, 특징들을반영한간호교육프로그램이개발되어야할것이다. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of simulation integrated with problem based learning in terms of critical thinking, problem solving, learning motivation according to Myers-Briggs type indicator(mbti) personality type in advanced nursing course students. This study was a non-equivalent control posttest only design. Students were all enrolled in advanced nursing course which included 1) 6 weeks problem based learning 2) 5 weeks simulation integrated with PBL and debriefing. Total 19 students data were collected and analyzed on SPSS win The results showed students who have out patients working experience were significantly higher learning motivation(χ ²=9.85, p=.044), no experienced simulation were significantly higher critical thinking(χ²=4.44, p=.035) and as temperament of MBTI, NT types were significantly higher on critical thinking(χ²=8.53, p=.036). Students show various personality types and it might be impact on attitudes of learning and the results. Thus we need to understand their diversity and consider it to apply teaching methods on nursing education. Key Words : Critical thinking, Learning motivation, MBTI, Problem solving, Simulation integrated-problem based learning 본논문은 2014년울산과학대학교교내학술연구비지원에의해수행됨 * Corresponding Author : Kyoung-Ja Moon(Ulsan College) Tel: kjmoon@uc.ac.kr Received April 9, 2015 Accepted June 11, 2015 Revised (1st May 14, 2015, 2nd May 20, 2015) Published June 30,

2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 6 호, 서론 1.1 연구의필요성오늘날의의료환경은간호실무현장에서간호를제공하는간호사들에게임상수기력만이아닌관련지식의통합과정확하고신속한의사결정능력을요구하고있다. 이러한간호실무환경의변화로인해간호교육자들은문제기반학습 (Problem Based Learning : PBL) 의교수학습방법을도입하였고, 이는대상자들에게학습과정의탐색에도전을주면서질병중심의지식만을주입하는것이아닌문제해결을통한사고능력을향상하게하였다 [1]. 문제기반학습은대상자가실제문제를중심으로자신의지식과경험을소그룹협동학습을통해근거와성찰적사고를이끌어내는문제해결과정을거치고이를통해필요한지식, 기술및태도를학습하며, 실무에서의사결정, 문제해결및비판적사고를함양하게되는것이다. 국내간호학계에서이루어진 PBL 교육관련선행연구에서는 PBL교육을통해학습태도와문제해결능력향상에효과를보였다 [2]. 의료현장에서대상자의안전을보장하고간호의질을유지하는것은간호수행에필수적인요소이다 [3]. 그러나현재실무현장은간호학생이직접수행할수있는간호술기실습의기회가제한적이고, 직접적인간호중재보다는관찰위주의실습이진행되고있는것이현실이다 [4]. 이러한간호실습의문제를보안하기위한방법으로시뮬레이션기반교육이대두되었다. 시뮬레이션교육은간호문제중심으로구성된시나리오를기반으로단순마네킹, 모의게임, 컴퓨터시뮬레이터, 환자시뮬레이션및모의환자활용등다양한종류의학습방법이적용될수있고, 디브리핑 (Debriefing) 과정을통해비판적사고과정을함양할수있게된다. 또한팀원간의사소통능력을향상시킬수있는학습기회를통해궁극적으로통합적인임상수행능력함양이가능토록한다 [5, 6]. 시뮬레이션기반교육은학생뿐아니라병원간호사를대상으로적용한연구결과도볼수있는데, 시뮬레이션기반심폐응급간호교육이신규간호사의지식과임상수행능력에효과가있었다 [7]. 또한, 시뮬레이션교육이간호수행능력, 문제해결능력, 의사소통능력, 학습동기, 학습만족및자기효능감등을향상시키는것으로나타났다 [4, 6, 7]. 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육은이두교육방법을서로상호보완하는새로운교육방법으로, PBL 학습과정을통해학습된다양한결과를시뮬레이터에직접적용하고디브리핑과정을경험하는것이다. 간호대학생을대상으로심혈관계및호흡기계응급간호를 PBL로만교육한대조군과, 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육을받은중재군의비교연구에서임상수행능력이중재군에서더높게나타났다 [8]. 하지만이러한교수학습전략은학습자의성향이나성격에따라학습결과나학습성취도에영향을미칠수있다는연구결과가보고되었다 [9]. 학습자의성격은개인의정신- 신체적체계들의역동성을가지며, 감정, 사고, 행동의일관된패턴들을설명해주는특성을가지며, 환경자극이나인지적자극과도상호작용하게된다 [10]. Jung의심리유형론을바탕으로개발된 Myer-Briggs Type Indicator( 이하 MBTI) 는자기보고식성격유형을확인하는지표로많이활용되고있는데, 이는사람마다인식과판단의방향을결정하는일관된경향과선호를파악하는데도움이된다. MBTI 성격유형검사는성격유형을에너지방향, 인식기능, 판단, 행동양식에따라 4가지선호지표로나누고, 기능과기질로분류하여각지표별로조합함으로써 16가지성격유형으로분류된다 [11]. MBTI는선호하는성격유형뿐아니라, 심리기능유형과심리기질유형으로나누어볼때기능과기질유형에따른자아탐색을돕는검사도구로활용된다. 즉심리기능유형은감각또는직관, 감정또는사고성향의조합에따라정신기능활동을돕고, 심리기질유형은감각또는직관, 즉흥적또는판단적성향의조합에따른성격부분을다룬다. 이러한심리기능과심리기질유형에따라스트레스정도와근무환경에대한직무만족도의차이가있었고, 대처와적응의수준이다르다는것을알수있다 [12]. 그러나, 간호교육현장에서학습대상자의성격유형에따른교육목표의달성정도를평가한연구는매우드문것이현실이다. 이에학습자의적극적인참여로이루어지는문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육에서대상자의성격유형에따른문제해결능력, 비판적사고및학습동기를확인함으로써효과적인교수법및지도전략에도움이되는기초자료를제공하고자한다. 이를통해문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육의효과를극대화하고궁극적으로간호교육의질향상에기여할것이다. 3964

3 문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육이 MBTI 성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기에미치는효과 - 모의실험 1.2 연구의목적본연구의목적은문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육프로그램이 MBT성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력및학습동기에미치는효과를파악하고자수행되었다. 구체적인목표는다음과같다. 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육을받은심화생의일반적특성에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력및학습동기의차이를파악한다. 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육을받은심화생의 MBTI 성격유형에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력및학습동기의차이를파악한다. 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육을받은심화생의 MBTI 성격유형의심리기능과심리기질에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력및학습동기의차이를파악한다. 1.3 용어정의문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육본연구의대상자는근무경력이최소 6개월에서 25년의임상경력을가진간호사로간호학사취득을위한전공심화과정학생이다. 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육프로그램개발은 PBL 패키지개발과정, 시뮬레이션교육, 및 MBTI 교육을모두이수한두연구자가함께개발하였으며, 프로그램은크게이론과실습을병행하도록구성하였다. 첫 6주간연구자가개발한성인간호 PBL 패키지를이용하여한주에 2시간씩 PBL 방법으로토론학습을하고, 5주간대상자들의임상경험을반영한시나리오개발과그개발한시나리오를기반으로시뮬레이션학습을매주 1시간 40분씩, 디브리핑을 20분씩실시하였다. 16주후문제해결능력, 비판적사고및학습동기설문지를작성하고이때 MBTI 성격유형검사를동시에실시하였다. 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육프로그램의내용은다음과같다 (Fig. 1). 1 st session Applying PBLPack(for 6weeks) Orientation for simulation integrated problem based learning (included PBL, Simulation education) Introduce Scenario Identify the problem Select the study work Presenting of each group assignment Writing self-evaluation, reflective journal 2 nd session Developing scenario & simulation (for 5weeks) Provide guidelines for developing scenario Each group develop scenario regarding of student s own work experiences Present developed scenario & feedback (included issues, problem-solving, nursing implementation) Simulation based on developed scenario(each group 30~40mins running): Asthma, Acute myocardial infarction(ami), COPD Simulation * Asthma : check consciousness, assessment lung sound. head up, give O 2, get IV line, Notify to physician, v/s monitor especially SpaO 2, administer bronchodilator via O 2 supply, emotional support, assessment of bedsore & scoring(braden scale), preventive care of falls, assessment of delirium using CAM-ICU * AMI : check consciousness, c.c confirm, ECG dot attach and closer monitor, give 0 2 via nasal prog, v/s monitor, Notify to physician, apply NGT(sublingual) as order, emotional support, obtain 12 leads ECG, assessment of bedsore & scoring(braden scale), preventive care of falls, assessment of delirium using CAM-ICU * COPD : check consciousness, c.c confirm, chest x-ray verify, vs monitor, give 0 2 via nasal prog, productive coughing encourage, provide chest physio-therapy, emotional support, assessment of bedsore & scoring(braden scale), preventive care of falls, assessment of delirium using CAM-ICU Debriefing(20mins) Fig. 1. Contents of simulation integrated problem based learning(si-pbl) 3965

4 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 6 호, 연구방법 2.1 연구설계본연구는문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육을받은심화생의 MBTI 성격유형에따른문제해결능력, 비판적사고및학습동기의효과를파악하는단일군사후설계 (one-group posttest- only design) 로모의실험 (Pilot study) 이다. 2.2 연구대상본연구의대상자는연구참여에동의한 U 광역시소재병원현장에서근무하는간호사로전공심화과정학생이다. 전공심화과정의편제정원은 20명이고입학조건은간호사면허가있고, 6개월이상임상경력을가진자이며개별면접을통해최종선발되었다. 면접시에는학습동기를중요시하였으며, 1년과정후간호학사학위를취득한다. 입학후 16주교육프로그램과정설명을듣고자발적으로참여에동의한대상자이며, 20명으로시작하였으나 4주이상의출석미달로중도탈락한 1명을제외한 19명이최종연구대상자이다. 2.3 자료수집본연구의자료수집기간은 2014년 3월 2일부터 6월 13일까지이다. 11주교육을시작하기전연구대상자에게연구의목적및방법, 자발적인연구참여및개인정보의보호등을설명하고, 동의한경우, 연구참여동의서를작성하고참여하였다. 자료수집은프로그램이종료된 15주에 MBTI 성격유형검사, 문제해결능력, 비판적사고및학습동기에대한설문에대하여설명한후조사되었다. 2.4 연구도구 MBTI 성격유형검사성격유형을조사하기위해한국어판 MBTI 검사지를사용하였다. 이도구는 1962년 Myers와 Briggs가 Jung 의이론을바탕으로인간이해를위한성격유형검사로표준화과정을거쳐개발한한국판 MBTI 이다 [13]. 본연구에는 MBTI G 형이사용되었고자기기입식설문지로총 95문항이다. MBTI는네가지분리된지표로구성되어있으며각지표는외향성 (E), 내향성 (I), 감각 (S), 직관 (N), 사고 (T), 감정 (F), 판단 (J), 인식 (P) 이며, 이네가지의기본적인선호경향이인식과판단의사용경향을결정지으며이는사람들이특정상황에서무엇에주의하고그내용에대해어떻게결론을내리는가에영향을미친다. 또한 MBTI 에의한성격을기능별유형과기질별유형으로나눌수있는데기능별유형은인식 (S와 N) 과판단 (T와 F) 이짝을이루며, 성격의기질별유형은개인의가시적행동속에내재하는패턴의일관성을의미하여그사람의흔적임을알게한다 비판적사고본연구에서비판적사고의평가도구는 Yun(2004)[14] 이개발하고 Ham(2009)[15] 이시뮬레이터를이용한시뮬레이션간호교육프로그램의개발과평가에서신뢰도를확인한도구로, 27문항으로각문항은 1점 ( 전혀그렇지않다 ) 에서 5점 ( 매우그렇다 ) 의 Likert 척도로, 점수의범위는최저 27점에서최고 135점으로점수가높을수록비판적사고성향이높음을의미한다. Ham (2009)[15] 의연구에서 Cronbach a는.83이었으며, 본연구에서의신뢰도는 Cronbach a는.92 이었다 문제해결본연구에서는 Woo(2000) 가개발하고, 2009년 Ham [15] 이시뮬레이터를이용하여시뮬레이션간호교육프로그램의개발과평가에서이용한도구로 25항목으로각문항은 1점 ( 전혀그렇지않다 ) 에서 5점 ( 매우그렇다 ) 의 Likert 척도로, 점수의범위는최저 25점에서최고 125점으로점수가높을수록문제해결력이높음을의미한다. Ham(2009)[15] 의연구에서신뢰도는 Cronbach a 는.91이였으며, 본연구에서의신뢰도는 Cronbach a는.85 이었다 학습동기본연구에서학습동기를측정하기위한평가도구는 Jang(1996) 이 Keller(1994) 의도구를번안수정하여사용하고 Hwang(2003)[1] 이다시수정하여신뢰도를확인한도구로 27문항으로각문항은 1점 ( 전혀그렇지않다 ) 에서 5점 ( 매우그렇다 ) 의 Likert 척도로, 점수의범위는최저 27점에서최고 135점으로점수가높을수록학습동기가높음을의미한다. Hwang(2003)[1] 의연구에서 Cronbach a는.90이였으며, 본연구에서는 Cronbach a 는.82이었다. 3966

5 문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육이 MBTI 성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기에미치는효과 - 모의실험 2.5 자료분석방법수집된자료는 SPSS WIN 21.0을이용하여분석하였다. 연구대상자의일반적특성은백분율, 평균과표준편차의기술통계방법을이용하였다. 일반적특성에따른문제해결, 비판적사고및학습동기는대상자수가적은관계로비모수검증인 Mannwhitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test로분석하였다. 연구대상자의 MBTI 성격유형의심리기능및심리기질유형에따른비판적사고, 문제해결및학습동기는 ANOVA로분석하였다. 3. 연구결과 3.1 일반적특성연구대상자의평균연령은 28.6 세였으며, 연령별로는 25-30세가 10명 (52.6%) 으로가장많았다. 근무경력분야는외과계 6명 (31.6%), 내과계 5(26.3%), 기타 4(21.1) 로나타났으며, 기타는검진센터나요양원등이포함되었다. 근무경력평균은 7.0±5.8 년이고, 근무경력기간은 6 개월-4년이 8명 (42.1%), 5-10년이 7명 (36.8%), 16-20년 1명 (5.3%), 21-25년 1명 (5.3%) 이었다. 시뮬레이션과 PBL 교육경험은각각없다 11명 (57.9%), 있다 8명 (42.1%) 으로나타났다 [Table 1] 3.2 일반적특성에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기연구대상자의일반적특성에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기및각각의평균은비판적사고 3.44 점, 문제해결능력 3.03점, 학습동기 3.80점이었다 [Table 2]. 비판적사고는이전에시뮬레이션교육경험이없었던대상자가시뮬레이션교육을받은경험이있었던대상자에비해유의하게높았다 (F=4.44, p=.035). 연령별로는 41-45세에서 4.15점으로다른연령대보다높았고, 근무경력연수별로는 21-25년경력대상자가 4.15점으로가장높았지만통계적으로유의하지는않았다. 문제해결능력에서는 35-40세연령대가 4점으로가장높았지만역시통계적인유의성은없었다. 학습동기에서는근무부서에따라유의한차이가있었는데, 외래근무경력자가내과계근무자에비해학습동기수준이높았다 (F = 9.85, p=.044). 대상자의연령대에서는 35-40세에서 4.29점으로가장높았고, 근무기간이 11-15년경력자에서학습동기점수가가장높았으며, 이전에시뮬레이션이나 PBL 교육경험이없는군에서학습동기점수가더높았지만통계적인유의성은없었다 [Table 2]. Table 1. General characteristic of participants (N=19) Variable Categories Freq. % Age(year) Mean±SD 28.63±5.40 Working department medicine general surgery out patients depart long-term center others Present work area working period(year) 6month Mean±SD 6.97±5.79 Simulation experience yes no PBL experience yes no

6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 6 호, 2015 Table 2. Critical thinking, Problem-solving, Learning motivation by general characteristic of participants N=19 Personality type N(%) Critical thinking Problem-solving Learning motivation M±SD F p M±SD F p M±SD F p ISTJ (Introversion Sensing Thinking Judgement) 2(10.5) 3.59± ± ± ISFJ (Introversion Sensing Feeing Judgement) 1(5.3) INTJ (Introversion intuition Thinking Judgement) 1(5.3) ISFP (Introversion Sensing Feeling Perception) 3(15.8) 3.07± ± ±0.29 ESTP (Extraversion Sensing Thinking Perception) 2(10.5) 3.26± ± ±0.02 ESFP (Extraversion Sensing Feeling Perception) 5(26.3) 3.33± ± ±0.44 ENFP (Extraversion intuition Feeling Perception) 1(5.3) ESTJ (Extraversion Sensing Thinking Judgement) 3(15.8) 3.81± ± ±0.26 ESFJ (Extraversion Sensing Feeling Judgement) 1(5.3) Table 3. Critical thinking, Problem solving, Learning motivation by MBTI personality type N=19 Critical thinking Problem-solving Learning motivation Variables categories M±SD F or t p M±SD F or t p M±SD F or t p Age(year) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± medicine 3.58± ± ± Work department Clinical work experience (year) general surgery 3.52± ± ±0.14 outpatients department 3.67± ± ±0.20 long-term center 3.40± ± ±0.26 others 3.02± ± ±0.21 6month-5yr 3.36± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Simulation experience PBL experience yes 3.22± ± ± no 3.59± ± ±0.20 yes 3.38± ± ± no 3.47± ± ±0.32 Total 3.44± ± ±.32 Table 4. Critical thinking, Problem-solving, Learning motivation by function & temperament of MBTI Personality type (N=19) Critical thinking Problem-solving Learning motivation M±SD F p M±SD F p M±SD F p Function ST 3.53± ± ± MBTI SF 3.32± ± ±0.34 NF Temperament MBTI NT SJ 3.63± ± ± SP 3.22± ± ±0.36 NF NT

7 문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육이 MBTI 성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기에미치는효과 - 모의실험 3.3 MBTI 유형에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기연구대상자의 MBTI 유형에따른결과 [Table 3] 와 MBTI 유형중 4가지심리기능유형 (ST형, SF형, NF형, NT형 ) 과심리기질유형 (SJ형, SP형, NF형, NT형 ) 에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기의차이를확인하였다 [Table 4]. MBTI 유형에따른비판적사고는 INTJ형이 4.15점으로가장높았고, ENFP형과 ISFJ형이 3.07점으로가장낮았고, 문제해결능력은 ESTJ형이 3.31점으로가장높았고, ENFP형이 2.28점으로가장낮았다. 학습동기는 ESTJ형이 4.03점으로가장높았고, INTJ형이 3.62점으로가장낮았다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에따른비판적사고는 NT형이 4.15점으로가장높았고, NF형이 3.07점으로가장낮았으며, 심리기능유형에따른문제해결능력은 NT형이 3.96 점으로가장높았고, NF형이 2.28점으로가장낮았다. 심리기능유형에따른학습동기는 NF 형이 3.92점으로가장높았고, NT형이 3.62 점으로가장낮았다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기는통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다. MBTI의 4가지심리기질유형에따른비판적사고는유의한차이가있었으며 (χ²=8.53, p=.036), NT형이 4.15 점으로가장높았고, NF형이 3.07점으로가장낮았다. 심리기질유형에따른문제해결능력은 NT형이 3.96점으로가장높았고, NF형이 2.28점으로가장낮았고, 학습동기는 NF형이 3.92점으로가장높았고, NT형이 3.62 점으로가장낮았다. 4. 논의본연구는문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육이 MBTI 성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기에미치는효과를알아보기위해시도되었다. 연구의결과, 외래근무경력이있는경우동기가높았고이전에시뮬레이션교육경험이없는경우비판적사고가높게나타났다. 심리기능유형에따른분석에서는논리적이고창의적인유형 (NT) 에서비판적사고가높게나타났다. 연구대상자는임상경력을가지고있는전공심화생으 로문제기반학습과시뮬레이션교육의경험이있는대상자가각각 42.1% 이고, 평균나이는 28.6세, 평균근무경력은 6.9년이다. 연구대상자들의비판적사고는 3.44 점, 문제해결능력은 3.03점, 학습동기는 3.80점으로학습동기가비교적높게나타났다. MBTI 성격유형분석결과, 총 16개의성격유형중 9 개가나타났다. 본연구에서가장많은대상자가속한 ESFP형은온정과낙천적기질이많으며대인관계가원만하고, 재치있으며, 매력있는특성으로교직이나간호계에종사하는것이좋다는보고가 [16] 있지만, 본연구의총대상자가 19명이라추후대단위연구대상자로다시검증해보는것이필요하다. 본연구에서는외향형 (E) 이 63.2% 로내향형 (I) 36.8% 보다많았는데, Lee 외 (2013)[17] 연구에서간호대학여학생의성격양상이외향형 (E) 53.2%, 내향성 (I) 이 46.8% 로외향성 (E) 이많다는연구결과와유사하다. 이는임상등의사회생활을통한변화인지본심화과정을입학한소수의학생들의적극적인성격때문인지추후연구가필요하다. 연구대상자들의비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기에서는학습동기가가장높게나타났다. 학습동기는외래근무경력자에게서가장높게나타났으며학습동기가비판적사고나문제해결능력보다전반적으로높게나타났다. 이는 3년제대학졸업후심화과정을통해학사학위취득을하게된동기와도무관하지않을것으로추측된다. 시뮬레이션교육경험이없는대상자가비판적사고에서유의하게높게나타났으며, 문제기반학습경험이없는대상자에게서비판적사고가높게나타났다. 본연구에서문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육을받은대상자의 MBTI 심리기능의 4가지유형인 ST형, SF형, NF형, NT 형과심리기질의 4가지유형인 SJ형, SP형, NF형, NT형에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기의차이는직관사고형 (NT) 유형에서비판적사고가가장높았고, 직관적감정형 (NF) 유형의대상자가가장낮았으며통계적으로유의하였다. 직관사고형 (NT) 유형은지식을지향하고이론적이며논리적이고업무수행에있어완벽주의자로써자신만의판단기준을가지며가장자기비판적특성이있다 [13]. 시뮬레이션교육에따른지식, 임상수행력, 비판적사고, 문제해결력, 자기효능감등을분석한연구나문제기반학습에따른비판적사고, 문제해결력등은활발히수 3969

8 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 6 호, 2015 행되었다 [7, 8, 19]. 또한간호대학생의 MBTI 성격에따른스트레스, 적응방식, 학교적응, 임상실습스트레스등의연구 [17, 18] 가활발히진행되고있으나, 문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육을받은간호학생의 MBTI 성격유형에따른비판적사고, 문제해결력및학습동기등에대한연구는미미하다. 본연구의문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육은 Jeffries(2005)[20] 의시뮬레이션모델에충실히하여진행되었다. 교사중심의전통적인교육방법과는달리학생중심의교육으로문제기반학습을선행하여학생중심의교육으로학생스스로의학습과정을촉진시키는역할로작용하게하였으며, 학생요인은그룹에서각자의역할에맞는행동을통하여과정중심의교육방법임을인지하게하여시뮬레이션활동이적극적으로이루어지게하였다. 교육적실무분야는근거기반시뮬레이션시나리오개발을위한가이드 [21] 를제공하여학생들이직접시나리오를만들게하고그에대한피드백을제공하므로학생과교사의긍정적인상호작용, 협력학습및학습효과에대한기대치의향상과다양한학습전략들이작용하게하였다. 이과정을통해학생들의요구와경험을바탕으로한급성기천식간호, 급성기심근경색및심폐소생술, 만성폐쇄성폐질환이선정되었다. 시뮬레이션의설계는교육목표, 현실성, 종합성, 암시주기, 디브리핑의 5가지영역으로구성된다. 대상자의다양한임상경력분야와경력연수등을고려한구체적인목표설정과시나리오개발, 시뮬레이션진행중필요한암시제공으로시뮬레이션상황에더잘접근하게하고, 디브리핑을통해비판적으로사고하고다양하고복잡한상황을토론하게하여학습효과를많이얻을수있게하였다. 결과측면에서는비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기를분석하였다. 시뮬레이션교육의효과로임상수행력을확인한선행연구도 [9, 22] 있지만본연구의대상자는현재임상현장에서근무하고있는간호사들이라임상수행력은제외시켰다. 문제해결력은직관사고형 (NT) 유형에서높게나타났으나통계적으로유의하지않았고, 학습동기는직관적감정형 (NF) 유형에서가장높았으나대상자가각각한명이라추후대단위표본의연구가필요하다. MBTI 성격유형검사는자신과타인에대한이해를증진시키고다른사람의성격유형을이해하여원만한인간관계를유지하도록돕는도구로 [17] 소그룹팀학습으로 이루어지는문제기반학습이나시뮬레이션교육에서성격유형을검사하고분포와유형별학습효과를확인함으로서문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육개발에대상자요인의기초자료를제공했다는점에의의가있다. 또한이기초자료를바탕으로학습자의성격유형에대한심층이해를문제기반학습, 문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션, 시뮬레이션교육프로그램개발시고려되어야할것으로생각된다. 그러나본연구의결과가일개간호대학의일개과정대상자만을대상으로하여연구되었으므로대상자수가적어결과를확대해석하는데제한이있으며, 대단위표본의대조군비교사전사후의추후연구가필요하다. 5. 결론및제언본연구는문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육을받은간호전공심화생의 MBTI 성격유형에따른비판적사고, 문제해결능력및학습동기의차이를보고자시도되었다. 연구결과, MBTI 유형은 16가지유형중 9가지가나타났으며, ESFP 형이가장많았고전체적으로는외향형이내향형보다많았다. 연구대상자의비판적사고는 3.44점, 문제해결능력은 3.03점, 학습동기는 3.80점이었다. 일반적특성에서는연령, 근무지분야, 근무경력, 시뮬레이션교육경험, 문제기반학습경험유무에따라차이가있었다. 비판적사고는시뮬레이션교육경험에따라유의한차이가있었는데, 교육경험이없는대상자에게서유의하게높게나타났다. 학습동기는근무지분야별로외래근무경력자에게서유의하게높았다. MBTI의 4가지심리기질유형에따른차이에서는직관사고형 (NT) 유형이비판적사고에유의하게높게나타났다. 그러나본연구결과는자발적인참여를한심화과정생 19명을대상으로분석한자료에근거한것이므로전체간호학생에게일반화하기어려우며향후대규모표본을대상으로한연구를제언한다. 또한, 본연구에서는사후검사만이루어져향후에는대조군비교사전사후연구를제언한다. 본연구대상자는본교육프로그램에자발적으로참여한간호전공심화생을대상으로하여대상자수가적었다. 이에향후연구에서는많은수의간호대학생의성격유형에따른문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육과임상실무능력향상을위한전략으로본교 3970

9 문제기반학습연계의시뮬레이션교육이 MBTI 성격유형에따라비판적사고, 문제해결능력, 학습동기에미치는효과 - 모의실험 육프로그램을적용하여연구해볼것을제언한다. 최근현장실무형인재에대한요구의증가와의료환경의다양성으로인해간호교육의실무능력이중요시되고있다. 이에간호교육현장에서는문제기반학습, 시뮬레이션교육, 문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육등으로적지않은시간과고가의기기구입으로인한비용이발생하고있다. 따라서시뮬레이션과관련된교육비용을고려해볼때위교육방법들이목표로하는학습결과를도출하고학생들은임상현장에서좀더숙련된간호기술을발휘할수있도록학부간호학생과같은학습자대상으로 MBTI 성격유형검사를실시하고, 이에따른성격유형파악에서더나아가성격유형이고려된시뮬레이션또는문제기반학습연계시뮬레이션교육프로그램과교수법개발을제언하고, 본연구의결과가연관된교육프로그램개발과관련된연구에있어기초자료로활용될것으로기대한다. References [1] S. Y. Hwang, Effects of problem-based learning on the knowledge achievement, critical thinking ability, attitude and motivation toward learning of nursing students, in Doctor degree, Graduate school of Chonnam national university, [2] S. Y. Hwang, G. S. Jang, Development and Implementation of problem-based learning packages on the respiratory and cardiac system, Korean Society of adults nursing, 16(4), pp , [3] J. B. Cooper, S. J. Singer, J. Hayes, M. Sales, J. W. Vogt, D. Raemer, G. S. Meyer, Design and evaluation of simulation scenarios for a program introducing patient safety, teamwork, safety leadership, and simulation to healthcare leaders and managers, simul Healthc, 6(4), pp , 2011, [4] J. J. Yang, Development and Evaluation of a Simulation-based Education Course for Nursing Students, Journal of Korean adults Nurses, 20(4), pp , [5] M. J. Lee, The effectiveness of the simulation integrated with problem based learning on nursing students clinical competency, self-efficacy and problem solving process, in Master s degree, Graduate school of Inha university, [6] Kneebone, R., Simulation in surgical training: educational issues and practice implication. Medical Education, 37(3): p , DOI: [7] Y. H. Kim, G. S. Jang, Effects of a simulation-based education on cardio-pulmonary emergency care knowledge, clinical performance ability and problem solving process in new nurses, Journal of Korean adults Nurses, 41(2), pp , [8] S. E. Kim, S. K. Lee, H. J. Chae, Effects of Clinical Practice and Simulation-Based Practice for Obstetrical Nursing, Korean Jourmal Women Health Nursing, 18(3), pp , DOI: [9] S. Y. Liaw, F. G. Chen, P. Klainin, J. Brammer, A. O'Brien, D. D. Samarasekera, Developing clinical competency in crisis event management: an integrated simulation problem-based learning activity, Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract., 15(3), pp , DOI: [10] J. Y. Park, W. S. Park, An empirical study on the relationship between personality and academic achievement, The Korean Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(3), pp , [11] J. H. Hwang, Job Stress in Teaching and the Way of Stress Coping according to MBTI Personality Type of the Kindergarten Teacher, in Master s degree, Graduate school of Myengji university, [12] Lim, S. U., A study on child care teacher' MBTI personality types and job satisfaction. in Master s degree, Baekseok University 2012, Chungcheongnam-do [14] J. T. Kim, H. S. Sim, S. B. Jae, Theory, Psychometrics, Application, ASSESTA, [15] J. Yun, Development of an Instrument for the Measurement of Critical Thinking Disposition : In Nursing, in Doctor degree, Graduate school of catholic university, [16] Y. L. Ham, Development and evaluation of simulation educational program using a high-fidelity patient simulator for undergraduate nursing students, in Doctor degree, Graduate school of Yensei university, [16] J. S. KIM, 16 Types of Characteristic, ASSESSTA, [17] Y. R. Lee, S. H. Kim, M. S. Ju, Stress, Stress Coping, and School Adaption according to Myers-Briggs type Indicator(MBTI) Personality type in Freshmen Nursing Students, Journal of Korean Academic Society Nursing Education, 19(2), pp , DOI:

10 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 6 호, 2015 [18] S. H. Nam. A Study on Stress in Practice and Coping Style according to the Personality Types of Nursing Students, in Master s degree The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University Daegu, Korea, [19] D. H. Kim, Y. J. Lee, M. S. Hwang, J. H. Park, H. S. Kim, H. K. Cha, Effects of a simulation based integrated clinical practice program on the problem solving process, clinical competence and critical thinking in a nursing student, Journal of Korean Academic Society Nursing Education, 18(3), pp , DOI: [20] P. R. Jeffries, A Framework for Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating Simulations Used as teaching strategies in nursing, Nursing education perspectives, 26(2), pp , [21] K. T. Waxman, The development of evidence-based clinical simulation scenarios: guidelines for nurse educators, Journal of nursing education, 49(1), pp , DOI: [22] P. Baxter, G. Norman, Self-assessment or self deception? A lack of association between nursing students' self-assessment and performance, Journal of advanced nursing, 67(11), pp , DOI: 김혜영 (Hye-Young Kim) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 여성건강, 아동간호, 성건강, PBL 2005 년 2 월 : 이화여자대학교대학원간호학과 ( 간호학박사 ) 1998 년 3 월 ~ 2014 년 2 월 : 가톨릭상지대학교간호학과부교수 2014 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 계명대학교간호대학조교수 문경자 (Kyoung-Ja Moon) [ 정회원 ] 2009 년 8 월 : 뉴카슬대학교간호대학간호학과 ( 간호학석사 ) 2014 년 2 월 : 가톨릭대학교간호대학간호학과 ( 간호학박사 ) 2014 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 울산과학대학교간호학과조교수 < 관심분야 > 성인간호, 중환자실간호, 섬망간호, PBL 3972

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