105.fm
|
|
- 규리 묵
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol., No. 11, pp. 633~638, 007. Resistance of Alkali Activated Slag Cement Mortar to Sulfuric Acid Attack Kyung-San Min, Seung-Heun Lee Department of Material Science & Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan , Korea (Received August 18, 007; Accepted October 30, 007) e y y p k üy Á x w œw œ ( ; ) ABSTRACT The setting time of alkali activated slag cement tends to be much faster than ordinary Portland cement, and its compressive strength had been higher from the 1 day but became lower than that of the cement on the 8 days. According to the results of the surface observation, weight loss, compressed strength, and erosion depth tests on the sulphuric acid solution. It has been drawn that alkali activated slag cement has a higher sulphate resistance than ordinary Portland cement, and in particular, the alkali activated slag cement added 5 wt% alumina cement has little deterioration on the sulphuric acid solution. The reason why the alkali activated slag cement has higher sulphate resistance than other hardened cement pastes is that it has no Ca(OH)greactive to sulphate ion, and there is little CaSO H O production causing volume expansion, unlike other pastes. And it is supposed that Al(OH) 3 hydrates with high sulphate resistance, which is produced by adding the alumina cement increases the sulfate resistance. Key words : Alkali activated slag cement, Sulphate resistance, Alumina cement, Cement sp pƒ z, p šd,,, w z š. ù y w z w w p» gj p w y x ƒ w š. gj p 1) š ù yy y yw wš w y š, gj p w ƒ w š y j x ü wš. ) w w kƒ œ w w yƒ w ƒ. w ù w w y w p y e š. ) ü w 0-30 Corresponding author : Seung-Heun Lee shlee@kunsan.ac.kr Tel : Fax : yx ƒ» w z š. w w pƒ x š. 3-6) š w e ƒw w e y y p e š, w w, w, ù t y w, üyw, w p š š. 7,8) w sp p w { w w š ƒƒe š w w. e y y p m s p p w ü e w w š š. 5,6) š w ü p e y y k š k ü w mw..1.. x 633
2 63 Á x Table 1. Chemical and Physical Properties of Raw Material Item Oxide composition (%) Setting time Blaine Specific Initial Final (g/cm ) gravity Type SiO Al O 3 Fe O 3 CaO MgO SO 3 TiO (min) (hr:min) Ordinary portland cement : 0 6: Blast furnace slag : Alumina cement : Table. Mix Proportions of Specimen Blast furnace slag Alumina cement Ordinary portland cement Activator Binder/Sand Alkali activated slag % 1: Alkali activated slag with alumina cement Ordinary portland cement :.5 š Ÿ š w Blaine t 5,000 cm /g w, w š.91 g/cm 3. e y y p» p»(3 :5MPa) w L ù p 5wt% ey ƒw ü w. w e y y p ü w» w m sp p S w. x w yw Table 1 t w. e y y NaOH 3y 15 wt% ƒw w... x Table ƒ r w ùkþ. KS L 510 e(vicat) e w, k KS L 5105 x w xw 1, 3, 7, 8 d w. üy x k xr( w / =1/, e y y w 0.55) 5wt% y 7, 8, 56, 91 e k z, e y, r y, e ¾ d w. m sp p r e e w t w z d w. sy w x» w syw w z d w. e ¾ r w w z 50 wt% r vk w yƒ œ¾ w. 50 wt% r vk k r vk 50 wt% ƒw w. ƒ r X z»(macscience Co. Japan) w d w. r e k w wš w ú e w. d Cu target w 0 kv, 100 ma 5-60 o¾ o /min d w. 3. š 3.1. e y y p» p e y y Table 1 m sp p w š, 1 ü wš, 30 ü p w p ƒ š. ù p 5wt% ƒw w ùkþ ù 15. ù p sp p ƒ ù, ù p y m sp p 1 wš,» y x 9) Al(OH) 3ƒ w ƒ. Fig. 1 e y y k ùkþ. e y y p 1 l m sp p ù p 5wt% ƒw 0 MPa ùküš, ƒw w ùkþ. ù p p sp p w x yww z 6-1 sp p 8 w z ƒ ùkù. 8 9) w wz
3 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 시멘트 모르타르의 내황산성 635 르의 XRD분석 결과이다. 주된 반응생성물은 Ca/Si비가 낮은 C-S-H(I)과 Hydrotalcite가 생성되었다. 재령기간이 길 어질수록 피크는 성장하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 석영은 모르타르 제조 시 사용한 모래의 피크가 검출된 것으로 생각된다. 알칼리 활성화 슬래그의 내황산성 Fig. 3은 8일 수중 양생시킨 모르타르 시편을 5 wt% 황산수용액에 56일간 침지 시킨 후 시편 외관을 관찰한 사진이다. 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트 시편의 경우 침식 된 표 면에 침적된 하얀 용출물이 관찰 되었고, 침지 시간이 길 어짐에 따라 계속적인 시편의 열화에 의해 하얀 용출물 의 양이 많아지고 용액 속으로 떨어져 나가는 현상이 관 찰하였다. 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타르의 경우 표면에 서 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트 시편과 같이 침식에 의한 하얀 용출물은 생성되지 않았으나, 표면이 약간 침식되는 열화 현상이 발생하였다. 침지시간이 경과함에 따라 시편 표면, 특히 모서리 부분에서의 열화현상이 강하게 발생하였다. 그러나 알루미나 시멘트를 5 wt% 첨가한 슬래그 모르타 르는 외관상의 변화가 거의 없었다. 알루미나 시멘트는 내황산염 포틀랜드 시멘트, 고로 시멘트 보다도 강한 화 학적인 저항성을 가지고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 보 통 포틀랜드 시멘트 경화체는 불안정한 수화물인 Ca(OH) 를 함유하고 있으나, 알루미나 시멘트 경화체는 안정한 수화물인 Al(OH) 를 함유하고 있기 때문에 이러한 결과 가 나타난 것으로 추측할 수 있다. Fig. 는 시편의 종류에 따른 침지 날짜별 중량 감소율 을 나타낸 그림이다. 시편은 표면의 물기만을 제거하고 3.. Fig. 1. Compressive strength of alkali activated slag mortar: (a) alkali activated slag with alumina cement, (b) ordinary portland cement, and (c) alkali activated slag cement. 강도에서는 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트의 강도가 알칼리 활성 화 슬래그 시멘트의 강도를 추월하였다. 이것은 초기에 급격하게 진행된 슬래그의 수화반응에 의해 치밀하게 생 성된 수화물이 슬래그의 입자 주위를 피복하고 있어 7 일 이후의 수화반응 진행이 어렵기 때문으로 생각된다. Fig. 는 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타르 및 알루미나 시멘트를 5 wt%를 첨가한 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타 6) Fig.. 9) 3 9) X-ray diffraction patterns of hydrated products in alkali activated slag cement systems: (a) alkali activated slag cement, (b) alkali activated slag cement with alumina cement. 제 권 제 11호(007)
4 민경산이승헌 636 Fig. 3. Mortar specimens exposed to sulphuric acid solution for 56 days: (a) ordinary portland cement, (b) alkali activated slag cement, and (c) alkali activated slag with alumina cement. 중량을 측정하였고, 보통 포틀랜드 시편은 표면침식에 의 해 발생한 하얀 용출물을 흐르는 증류수를 이용하여 제 거하고 물기를 건조 후 중량을 측정하였다. 보통 포틀랜 드 시편은 시간이 경과됨에 따라 계속적인 침식과 하얀 용출물의 생성이 진행되어 계속적인 중량 감소를 보여 91 일에서 30 wt%의 중량 감소율을 보였다. 91일 경과된 보 통 포틀랜드 시멘트 모르타르에서 채취한 하얀 용출물의 XRD분석 결과를 Fig. 5에 나타냈다. 동정된 상은 석영, 이수석고, 에트링쟈이트, C-S-H로 나타났다. 석영은 모르 타르에 함유된 모래에서 기인된 것이고, C-S-H는 시멘트 수화의 결과로 나타난 상이다. 황산염의 침식에 의해 생 성된 상은 이수석고와 에트링쟈이트로 다음과 같은 기구 에 의해서 황산염에 의한 침식이 발생하여 하얀 용출물 이 박리되어 나온 것으로 생각된다. 즉, 시멘트 경화체 내 부로 SO 이온이 확산하고 시멘트의 수화에 의해 발생 Fig.. Weight loss of mortar specimens exposed to sulphuric acid solution: (a) alkali activated slag cement, (b) alkali activated slag with alumina cement, and (c) ordinary portland cement. 한국세라믹학회지 한 Ca(OH) 와 반응하여 CaSO H O를 생성함으로써 부 피팽창을 일으켜 용출된다. 또한 생성한 CaSO H O가 시멘트 수화물인 C A CaSO 1H O(모노설페이트)와 반 응하여 C A 3CaSO 3H O(에트링쟈이트)를 생성하여 팽 창파괴를 유발한다. 반면 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타르는 중량의 증가를 보였다. 이것은 슬래그의 내부 속으로 침투한 황산이온, 수산이온과 슬래그 중의 칼슘과 결합하여 이수석고를 생 성하고 포틀랜드 시멘트 경화체와 다르게 용출되지 않고 내부에 존재하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 알루미나 시멘트를 첨가한 알칼리 활성화 시편은 무첨 가 시편보다 낮은 중량 증가율을 보였다. 원인으로는 알 루미나 시멘트의 수화로 경화체가 치밀하게 되어 황산이 온과 수산이온의 침투가 어렵기 때문으로 추측된다. Fig. 6은 황산용액 침지 후의 모르타르 압축강도 측정 결과이다. 압축강도 측정은 ASTM C 67-97의 Test Me 3 3 3) Fig. 5. Elution product from ordinary portland cement mortar exposed to sulphuric acid solution for 91 days.
5 e y y p k üy 637 Fig. 6. Compressive strength of mortar specimens exposed to sulphuric acid solution: (a) alkali activated slag with alumina cement, (b) alkali activated slag cement, and (c) ordinary portland cement. thod B w w. y w e 10) r d w š w d w. x» j d r syw w y w e r, t w e sy w w. td wš ù, w k syw w z d w. r e w. p m sp p r y w e w»œ ³ w w ùkþ. e y y k w m sp p k w x, ù p ƒw { ùkþ. Fig. 7 k 5wt% y e z t l e ¾ d w. e r w z 50 wt% r vk w ph ƒ 9 wš, phƒ 9 w yƒ, yƒ œ y w e w. m sp r, e w r vk x w š x r ¼ x z e w w r ¼ e ¾ d w. m sp Fig. 7. Evolution of ph in mortar specimens exposed to the sulphuric acid solution (depth of ph below 9): (a) ordinary portland cement, (b) alkali activated slag cement, and (c) alkali activated slag with alumina cement. r e w y en ¾ ƒ ƒw w ù, e y y k 8 z y enƒ š, t l mm ¾ y enƒ ù ùkû. wr ù p 5wt% ƒw k 7 z l Fig. 8. XRD patterns of alkali activated slag cement mortar exposed to sulfuric acid solution: (a) 91 days, (b) 56 days, and (c) 8 days. «11y(007)
6 638 Á x y enƒ š, t l 1mm ¾ y enƒ w. Fig. 8 e y y k 5wt% y» e k z y t e w XRD., C-S-H, š, p p,» š C-S-H y w. y e w š p p e š v j ƒw w ùkþ ù, p p vj w w ùkþ. e y y y w y w w e y w š w» w d. ù e y y m sp p Ca(OH) w wš, t yƒ wš šƒ. ù p 5wt% eyw e k e t XRD w ùkþ ù, t yx w.. š e y y k k w y w ü y sƒw. 1. e y y m sp p w, 1 l m sp p ù 8 m sp p û ùkþ.. e y y y w t, y,, e ¾ xw m sp p w üy w ùk û, p ù p 5wt% ƒw e y y y w yƒ. 3. e y y y w w m sp p y w y w Ca(OH) ƒ w vq w š». ù p ƒ ü y Al(OH) 3 üy ƒ. REFERENCES 1. H. M. Song, H. K. Hwang, and J. I. Choa, Properties of Concrete Pipe by Biochemical Corrosion and Performance Deterioration in Domestic, J. Kor. Concrete Institute., 18 [] 16-1 (006).. W. J. Lee, The Corrosion Appearance of Mortar by The Sulfuric Acid, J. Kor. Concrete Institute., 3-8 (00). 3. T. Bakharev, J. G. Sanjayan, and Y.-B. Cheng, Resistance of Alkali Activated Slag Concrete to Carbonation, Cement and Concrete Research., (001).. T. Bakharev, Resistance of Geopolymer Materials to Acid Attack, Cement and Concrete Research., (005). 5. T. Bakharev, J. G. Sanjayan, and Y.-B. Cheng, Sulfate Attack on Alkali Activated Slag Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research., (00). 6. T. Bakharev, J. G. Sanjayan, and Y.-B. Cheng, Resistance of Alkali Activated Slag Concrete to Acid Attack, Cement and Concrete Research., (003). 7. D. Krizan and B. Zivanovic, Effects of Dosage and Modulus of Water Glass on Early Hydration of Alkali Slag Cement, Cement and Concrete Research, (00). 8. C. T. Song and M. Daimon, Hydration of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in the Presence of NaOH(in Korean), J. Kor. Ceram. Soc., 17 [3] 61-6 (1980). 9. S. Nagaoka, Sulphate Resisting and Heat Resisting Cement, Cement and Concrete, (1991). 10. Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings and Polymer Concretes, C w wz
10(3)-10.fm
w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction
More information12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and
More information14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
More information89.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 510~516, 007. Consideration of Alkali-Silica Reaction of Mortar Containing Glass Abrasive Sludge Seung-Heun Lee, Hae-Jeong Hwang, Seung-Tae Lee,*
More information82.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 524~528, 2007. Determination of Critical Chloride Content of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete by Linear Polarization Technique Hong-Sam Kim, Hai-Moon
More information87.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 489~495, 2007. Physical Properties of Ultrafine Ash Blended Cement Dong-Woo Yoo, Seung-Ho Byun, and Jong-Taek Song Department of New Materials
More information( )-113.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 657~661, 009. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.009.46.6.657 Rheological Properties of Cement Pastes Blended Finex-Slag Powder Keun Jae Lee, Seung Ho Byun, and
More information13.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 58~68, 2009. Rheological Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement - Blast Furnace Slag - Fly Ash Blends Containing Ground Fly Ash Hyo Sang Park,
More information( )-69.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 412~418, 2010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.5.412 Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cement Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume Seung-Tae Lee
More information83.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 483~488, 2007. The Influence of on the Clinker Mineral Composition and Cement Quality Tae-Hyoung Eom, Won-Seok Kim, Chang-Bum Kim, Byeong-Yong
More information3.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 12~17, 2007. A Study on the Preparation of Bone Ash and Celadon Bone Body Using Pig Bone Jae-Jin Jeong, Sang-Hee Lee, Yong-Seok Lee,* and Byung-Ha
More information62.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 7, pp. 395~400, 2008. Preparation and its Characteristics of Fly Ash-based Geopolymeric Mortar using Low Grade Silica Waste Se Gu Son, Seung Yeob Hong,
More information57.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 336~344, 2008. Rheological Properties of Cement Paste Blended Blast Furnace Slag or Fly Ash Powder Jong Taek Song, Hyo Sang Park, Seung Ho Byun,
More information( )-53.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 76~8, 010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.010.47.4.76 Adhesion Characteristic and Porosity Change of Alkali Silicate Impregnant of Concrete Hun Song, Yong Sik
More information( )-83.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 0~5, 011. DOI:10.191/KCERS.011.8.1.00 Solidification of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnesia-phosphate Cement HunG Choi, Hyun Ju Kang, Myung Shin Song,
More informationuntitled
[ ] œwz, 21«6y(2008) J. of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment, Vol. 21, No. 6, (2008) pp. 300~306 š y w p x*, **Á **Áy y* * ** w œ w œw, w» gœ Solid State Diffusion Brazing of the Aluminum Alloy Castings
More information82-01.fm
w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong
More information85.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 44, N. 9, pp. 502~509, 2007. Examinatin n Applicatin f High-Perfrmance Cncrete using Fine Fly Ash as Replacement Material f Silica Fume Bum-Sik Lee, Sang-Kyu Kim,
More information( )-71.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 373~380, 010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.010.47.5.373 The Properties of Restorative Cement Mortar with Insulation Performance for Improvement of Durability
More information( )63.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 365~371, 009. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.009.46.4.365 Effects of Stearic Acid on the Watertightness Properties of the Cementitious Materials Seung Hun Na,
More information10(3)-09.fm
w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½
More information14.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 93~97, 2007. Preparation of High Purity Si Powder by SHS Chang Yun Shin, Hyun Hong Min, Ki Seok Yun, and Chang Whan Won Engineering Research Center
More informationfm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 079~086, February, 2012 GGGGG http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2012.24.1.079 섬유보강콘크리트에묻힌 GFRP 보강근의부착거동에대한섬유영향평가 1) Á½ 1) Á 2) Á 1) * 1) ³ w y lœw
More information605.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008 y k y p w sƒ Care-giver s Needs and Evaluation on the Actual Condition of the Playgrounds in Child Care Facilities y* Choi, Mock-Wha x **
More information10(3)-11.fm
w y wz 10«3y 265~271 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment y w w gj p ü e y y y w y Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 9, 2010 12 7 k) Effect of Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient and Critical
More information23(2) 71.fm
J. of Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng. [ ] Vol. 23, No. 2, 2009 w w w w w w Stud on the Fire Behaviour of Composite Beam with Loading and Unloading ½ *Á û**á½ ***Á½ Sung-Bae Kim* Chang-Nam Lee** Woo-Chul
More information120.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 11, pp. 744~749, 2008. The Influence of Polymer on the Early Hydration of OPC Phil-Hwan Park, Myong Shin Song*, and Kyoung Hee Lee** Isokorea Co.,ltd,
More information93.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 625~630, 2008. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-tricalcium Phosphate Sun-Ae
More informationfm
[ ] w wz DOI: 10.3740/MRSK.2009.19.12.692 Kor. J. Mater. Res. Vol. 19, No. 12 (2009) y INCONEL 718w Gas Tungsten Arc Welding» p sƒ ½»y Á *Á *Á y** ( ) d lj p wœq, *w wœ» q **( ) d lj p t Mechanical Properties
More information( )-77.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 407~411, 2010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.5.407 Physical Properties of ALC with Various Fineness of Quartzite Yong Sik Chu, Ui Jong Jung, Hun Song,
More information< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D>
¼ (Jeong, Jung Chae)*, ý (Kim, Yoon Soo), (Shin, Woo Young), Þ Ñ (Park, Jong Man) ò ý ƒ Ð (Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology) (Shin, Jae-Heyg) Š æ (Ministry of Knowledge Economy) 1. :
More information27(5A)-07(5806).fm
ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 753 ~ 758 gj pœw gj p { x A New Test Method for Pure Isotropic Flexural Tensile Strength of Concretes Ÿ Á y Á x Zi, GoangseupÁOh, HongseobÁChoi, Jinhyek Abstract Proposed is
More information( )-123.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 63~68, 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.1.063 Effects of Substituting B 2 O 3 for P 2 O 5 on the Structure and Properties of SnO-P 2 O 5 Glass Systems
More information16(5)-06(58).fm
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.336 y-y w Sm-Fe w ƒ w zá *Á w»» The Effect of Excess Samarium Oxide on the PreparationG of Sm-Fe Alloy Powder by Reduction-diffusion
More information16(5)-04(61).fm
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.326 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (II) II. w SPS p ½ *Á½ Á½{ a Á½ š b w œw, a w» gœ, b y œ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-Atomization
More information17.393~400(11-033).fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 393~400, June, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.3.393 x RC { sƒ y y 1) *Á½ 1) Á 2) 1) y w œw 2) w œw Bond Strength Evaluation of RC Beams
More information50(1)-09.fm
2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea 언빨래가마르는현상에대한중등학교화학전공교사들의인식조사 ½x Á» Á½ # Á x* w w yw y š w w # w w (2005. 5. 11 ) A Research of Secondary School Chemistry Major Teachers Perceptions
More information07.051~058(345).fm
w wz 8«3y 2008 6 pp. 51 ~ 58 m qp yp š w k sƒ Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus based on Aged Asphalt Binder y*á **Á***Á**** Lee, Kwan-HoÁCho, Kyung-RaeÁLee, Byung-SikÁSong, Yong-Seon Abstract Development
More information10(3)-02.fm
w y wz 10«3y 203~211 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w ù p yá k«áyw *Á xá½k w y œw Á* y w (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Characterization of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loads from the
More information05.581~590(11-025).fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 581~590, October, 2011 GGGGG http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2011.23.5.581 š p w» j v p 1 Á 2 Á½ 2 Á 1 * 1 š w zy œw 2 w» Characteristics of Early-Age
More information10(3)-12.fm
w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed
More information14(4) 09.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 343~350(2007) w y y w z 14 «4 y 2007 yw» l s p»xá ³ *w w w œw, **w w w The Property of Pressure Distribution of Hybrid Underfloor Air Distribution
More information19(1) 02.fm
Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor
More information50(5)-07.fm
Printed in the Republic of Korea w 3w yû x w w w Á x* w w w yw (2006. 3. 14 ) A research of the Difference in Teaching Styles and Understanding of 9 th Grade Students About Lead-iodide Precipitation Reaction
More information16(4)-05.fm
w m y Vol. 16(4), p. 53~61, 2011 œ 광물찌꺼기에함유된오염물질의안정화를위한표면차폐재의성능평가 ½ ³ 1 Á 1 *Á½ 2 Á½ 2 Á 3 Á 3 1 w œ w œw, 2 ( ) f lp, 3 w Ÿw œ Ÿw» Evaluation of Surface Water-preventing Materials on Stabilization of
More informationfm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 061~0, February, 2012 GGGGG http://dx.doi.org/10.44/jkci.2012.24.1.061 기포제종류및희석농도에따른기포콘크리트의특성 ½ 1) Á 1) Áy y 2) Á 1) * 1)œ w œw 2) œ w ywœw Properties
More information16(5)-03(56).fm
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.316 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (I) I. ƒ wy y Á xá½ Á½ *Á½{ a w œw, a w» gœ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-atomization Process
More information48.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 44, N. 5, pp. 60~65, 007. Develpment f Black Clr Spinel Pigment fr High Temperature Kwang-H Lee, Min-S Myung, and Byung-Ha Lee Department f Ceramic Engineering, Myungji
More information한 fm
Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society, Volume 19, Number 6, December 2009 DOI: 10.4283/JKMS.2009.19.6.203 BaTi 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 11 O 19 Mx r p Ka- q p ½ Á½ w, œw, w», 12, 361-763 (2009 8 4, 2009 9 10, 2009
More information144.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 43, No. 12, pp. 865~871, 2006. Evaluation of Characteristics of Simulated Radioactive Vitrified Form Using Cooling Methods Kang-Taek Lee, Kyu-Ho Lee, Duk-Ki Yoon,
More information16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
More information(163번 이희수).fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 323~327, 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.4.323 Electrical Properties and Temperature Stability of Dysprosium and Erbium Co-doped Barium Titanate
More information9(3)-4(p ).fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young
More information304.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun
More information27(5A)-13(5735).fm
27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 735 ~ 743 gj p ª w š p w { ³ p Flexural Behavior and Cracking Characteristics of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites according to Fine Aggregate Contents *Á ³x**
More information12(2)-04.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 106~111(2005) w y y w z œ k üœ» p ½ Á Á Á ³ Á Á½Ÿ w w w, *g», ** w w Effects of Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Pre-occupancy Stage
More information( )-84.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 7, N. 6, pp. 608~61, 010. DOI:10.191/KCERS.010.7.6.608 Synthesis and Characterizatin f Al-dped Uvarvite Green Pigments Sung-Gyu Se and Byung-Ha Lee Department f Materials
More information50(4)-10.fm
2006, Vol. 50, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea 칼코겐이도핑된망간산화물의저온합성연구 k Á z Á, *Áy, * y w ù w yw x ù l w» ww (2006. 7. 13 ) Chimie Douce Synthesis of Chalcogen-Doped Manganese Oxides Seung Tae Lim,GDae
More information64.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 375~380, 2007. Tribological Properties of Carbon Layers Produced by High Temperature Chlorination in Comparison with DLC Coating Hyun-Ju Choi,
More information18(3)-10(33).fm
Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Vol 18 No 3 011 DOI: 10150/KPMI01118383 e x 5Mg(OH) MgSO 3H O x w MgO NH OH w a báv y aá½xk aá½ aá½ cá½ bá½ a * aw» l bš w œw ck Effect of MgO and NH OH on
More information49(6)-06.fm
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2005, Vol. 49, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea 중학교과학교과서불꽃반응실험에서선스펙트럼관찰의문제점분석및개선연구 ½ Á Á * w w yw (2005. 10. 4 ) An Analysis and Improvement of the Line Spectrum
More information4.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 30~34, 2009. Optimization of Glass Wafer Dicing Process using Sand Blast Won Seo, Young-mo Koo*, Jae-Woong Ko**, and Gusung Kim Department of Electronic
More information69-1(p.1-27).fm
99 A 380 B 787 : wœ z w * w w wœ» A380 B787 wœ» w. wœ» ww r. w wœ» p j y w r» w. I. II. z III. A380 B787 IV. A380 V. wœ» : x VI. z VII. I. A380 B787»ƒ z wœ w, w w p j w w ƒ r. t wœ w ƒ w w wœ» š œm wš,
More information6.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 45, N. 1, pp. 54~59, 2008. Expansin Characteristics f the Hydrated Sdium Silicate Yang Py Kng, H Yen Ch, and Dng S Suhr Department f Materials Science and Engineering,
More informationuntitled
ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 2B Á 2007 3œ pp. 193 ~ 199 ª ƒ w d w ƒ sƒ Methodology of Drought Assessment Using National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data «x Á½ Kwon, Hyung JoongÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The objective
More information18103.fm
J. of the Korean Sensors Society Vol. 18, No. 1 (009) pp. 8 3 VO w PCM yá Á Á Ÿ Built-in protection circuit module by using VO temperature sensors K. H. Song, J. B. Choi, M. W. Son, and K. S. Yoo Abstract
More information11(5)-12(09-10)p fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 11«5y, 2009 Vol. 11, No. 5, pp.799-807(2009) w w * k ƒm w pg p w, ƒm w q w A Qualitative Research on Pursuing Image and Appearance Management Behavior of Brides Eun-Joo Bae
More informationw w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv
ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 5A Á 2010 9œ pp. 475 ~ 484 gj p ª v e p p PSC ƒ gv : II. x w Precast Concrete Copings for Precast Segmental PSC Bridge Columns : II. Experiments and Analyses ½kzÁ½ Á zá x Kim, Tae-HoonÁKim,
More information03.fm
w y wz 9«( 2y) 84~90, 2006 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis ys» ƒ y Áz XRF XRD p ½ «Á«Á Á *Á y w, *swœ w Analytical Characteristics of XRF and XRD Before and After Stabilizing the Fly
More information<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D>
kœw» y w k p y w k» z wš ye z w mdkqvqrg üœ» y» Ÿ w kœwgeqgpikpggtkpiy glj GEQVGEJPQNQI[ œw w k w yz š y j œ w m w y ˆ mw y» kœ w k û ³ y ƒ ƒ» ƒ w œw w w y ƒƒ» k z w» %NGCP 9CVGT #EV wšw y ù» œ w w w t
More information10(1)-08.fm
w y wz 10«( 1y) 47~52, 2007 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis œ w t y ½ xá Á x Á½ Á x* Ÿ œ, * w œw Optimization of Coagulation In The Conventional Water Treatment Plant Jun-Hyun Kim,
More information( )-94.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 566~571, 2010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.6.566 Effect of Dispersion on Tape Casted Green Sheet Prepared from Bimodal-Type AlN Powders Hong-Soo
More information( )-101.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 503~508, 2010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.6.503 The High Density Sintering of Green-emitting -SiAlON:Eu Ceramic Plate Phosphor Young-Jo Park, Sung-Hoon
More information03.fm
29«6y (2009. 12) w œwz 257 š³ š p e ³ w y Á Á½ y *Á **Á y w» w w e lg Effects of Si and Mo on the Temperature-Dependent Properties of High Si High Mo Ductile Cast Irons Kyeong-Hwan Choe, Sang-Mok Lee,
More information416.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 œ qp œ y An Analysis of Change on the Apartment Unit Plans and the Interior Spaces Related to Women * Choi, ByungSook ** Park, JungA "CTUSBDU
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric
More informationfm
w y wz 9«( 1y) 34~40, 2006 J. f the Krean Sciety fr Envirnmental Analysis V/ w y Áy yá váy * w» ( )», *» w y œw Simultaneus Remval f Dixin and Nitrgen Oxide n V/ Catalyst Jun-Yub Lee, Sung-H Hng, Sung-Pill
More information93-10.fm
w y wz 9«( 3y) 207~214, 2006 J. f the Krean Sciety fr Envirnmental Analysis š w ky gq p ½» w w œw Crrsin Prperties f Cating Mixtures fr the Desulfurizatin System under High Temperature and Acidic Envirnment
More information15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm
w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn,
More information12(3) 10.fm
KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 3, September, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) ü LP ƒ š Database w š Á Á½z w ywœw (2008 6 10, 2008 8 12 (1 ), 2008 9 5 (2 ), 2008 9 5 k) Constructing a Database Structure
More information( )-36.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 232~236, 2010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.3.232 Development of the Abrasives for Water-jet by Using an Air Bubbling SedimentationG Rate Control
More information<312D303128C1B6BAB4BFC1292E666D>
k Ÿy y y + ûz m Ì ˆw k Ÿ ø ky w y y» wk Ÿ v w k w w ƒ Ÿ ew k Ÿy yø k Ÿ ý k z» w ƒ w Ÿ y k y w x mw w w ³Ÿ wšy v mw y w r œw yÿ ý w z»ÿ Ÿ»» Ÿ ¾ Ÿ 6TCXGN 9GGMN[ ýw k Ÿ Ÿ ƒ š wš y w k Ÿ ƒ m ³ w w y y y 'EQVQWTKUO
More information10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 63-70 Mg-3%Al-1%Zn w ƒœ» y Á x*á **Á Á w œw *w s l I ûer ** t Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
More information40(2)-08.fm
y, 40«, y, 141-151, 007 Econ. Environ. Geol., 40(), 141-151, 007 p ü w y L- g e w tá Á * w l w Effects of Oxalic and L-ascorbic acids on Iron Removal form Iron-bearing Illite Won-Pyo Lee, Il-Mo Kang and
More information12(4) 10.fm
KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 4, December, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) l x CNG» v m s w ½ Á y w» œw (2008 9 30, 2008 12 10, 2008 12 10 k) Numerical Analysis for Temperature Distribution and Thermal
More information8(3)-15(p ).fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«3y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 3, pp.357-362(2006) w p k sƒ ½ Á Á w w w A Study on the Mechanical and Hand Properties of the Lining Fabrics Myung-Ok Kim, Mi-Kyung Uh and Myung-Ja
More information10.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl., N. 1, pp. 53~57, 2009. Effect f MgB Additin n Synthesis f Hexagnal Brn Nitride Dae-Jin Lee*, **, Mi-Jung Jee*, Byung-Hyun Chi*, Mi-Jai Lee*, Nam-Hee Ch**, and Mi-Sun
More information( )-74.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 47, N. 5, pp. 81~86, 010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.010.47.5.81 Prperties f Self-hardened Inrganic Cating in the System Alumina-Silica-Calcium Oxide by the Reactin with Alkalies
More information( )-68.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 47, N. 5, pp. 445~449, 010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.010.47.5.445 Blating Mechanism f Artificial Lightweight Aggregate fr Recycling the Waste Glass Shin Hyu Kang and Ki Gang
More information15.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 98~102, 2007. Effect of Recycling Time on Stability of Colloidal Silica Slurry and Removal Rate in Silicon Wafer Polishing Eun-Suck Choi and So-Ik
More information04.fm
w y wz 9«( 2y) 91~96, 2006 J. f the Krean Sciety fr Envirnmental Analysis üy wƒ w y k p ½» w w œw Adsrptin Prperties f the Activated Carbns fr Remving Harmful Gases in Indr Envirnments In-Ki Kim Department
More information75.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 451~456, 2007. A Study of Sintering Behavior and Crystallization in Li 2 O-Al 2 -SiO 2 (LAS) Glass System by RSM Kyu Ho Lee, Young Seok Kim, Young
More information본문.PDF
' Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-X Evaluation of Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-X Alloys for Fuel Claddings,,, 15 36 LiOH 4 Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-X. LiOH Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-X, LiOH Zircaloy-4.. 47 52. Abstract The corrosion
More information06.177~184(10-079).fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 177~184, April, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.2.177 x w w MRS w p s y 1) Á z 2) Á x 3) * 1) wû w œw 2) w œw 3) w Nonlinear Analysis for
More information26(3D)-17.fm
26ƒ 3D Á 2006 5œ pp. ~ ª y w qp yw k d Predictive Equation of Dynamic Modulus for Hot Mix Asphalt with Granite Aggregates yá½x Á Lee, Kwan-HoÁKim, Hyun-OÁJang, Min-Seok Abstract The presented work provided
More information( )-103.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 46, N. 6, pp. 643~647, 2009. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2009.46.6.643 Densificatin Behavir f C/C Cmpsite Derived frm Cal Tar Pitch with Small Amunt f Idine Additin Kwang Yun
More information( )-70.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 47, N. 5, pp. 401~406, 010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.010.47.5.401 Synthesis f Pure and Prus CaOÁAl Clinker by Burning f Hydrates Du Hyuk Kim and Tae Wng Sng Department f
More information17.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 44, N., pp. 110~115, 007. Micrwave Dielectric Prperties f BaNd - BaO-B -K O-SiO -xtio Glass Cmpsites Dng-Eun Kim,*, ** Sung-Min Lee,* Hyung-Tae Kim,* and Hyung-Sun
More informationuntitled
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 345~356, June, 2008 p -k w gj p k k 1) Á y 2) * 1) ƒm w w 2) w w Direct Inelastic Design of Reinforced Concrete Members Using Strut-and-Tie
More information106.fm
Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 44, N. 11, pp. 639~644, 2007. Synthesis f Cbalt Oxide Free Black Clr Spinel Pigment Jun-H Kim*, Seng-H Lee, Man-Chul Suh*, and Byung-Ha Lee Department f Material Science
More information