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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 45, N. 1, pp. 54~59, Expansin Characteristics f the Hydrated Sdium Silicate Yang Py Kng, H Yen Ch, and Dng S Suhr Department f Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam Natinal University, Daejen , Krea (Received Nvember 2, 2007; Accepted December 21, 2007) y ³ q p œ t Á y Á û w œw ( ; ) ABSTRACT Hydrated sdium silicate with 25 wt% water cntents was synthesized by hydrthermal reactin using anhydrus sdium silicate. The hydrated sdium silicate was expanded at 370 C fr 30 min. and then pulverized, classified ( 200 mesh) and press-frmed. The samples were heat treated at 400~900 C fr 30 min. in rder t study the expansin characteristics depending n heat treatment temperature. A prus bdy with clsed pre was frmed abve 600 C. The vlume expansin rati and the pre size were increased and the specific gravity was decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. Hwever, the vlume expansin rati was decreased and the specific gravity was increased abve 850 C due t the sftening f the sdium silicate. Key wrds : Anhydrus sdium silicate, Hydrated sdium silicate, Hydrthermal reactin, Prus ceramics, Clsed pre 1. œ, ù, x wì» ƒÿ š, w p œ y w š. 1-6) p w œ ƒ ƒ ù, x w t -. - k yw w w p» w w ³ w y w j - w + 2 Na SO 4 w e t» w j» w aging z, w œ w. 7-9) ³ w ü w w ³ ü w»œ w» w» w wš ƒ w z, x ù œ w. 10)»» - œ ƒ wš Crrespnding authr : Yang Py Kng ball@kicm.re.kr Tel : Fax : , j ƒ ³ w š. - w» w ³ w, w t w w hydrated sdium silicate w» w œ w. hydrated sdium silicate q Si-OH y w w w q û w»œ x œ ƒ ³ wš ƒ w. 1 q mw q jš,,, x w z, 2 q q p w. 2. x 2.1. x ³ ( ) e ³ Table 1. ³ disc mill w z 200 mesh ƒ wš y w w. 25 wt% w y ³ w» w ³ 25.5 g 8.5 g yww z, autclave w ww Table 2 54

2 Table 1. Chemical Cmpsitin f the Anhydrus Sdium Silicate Element wt% SiO Na 2 O Impurities 0.56 y ³ q p 55 Table 2. Cnditins fr Hydrthermal Reactin Parameter Cnditin Temperature ( C) 121 Pressure (kg/cm 2 ) 2.1 Reactin Time (min) 45. y ³ 370 C 30 1 q w wš 200 mesh ƒ w. y ³ 1 q w 370 C w y w w w q ùš w»œ ƒ ³ wš ƒ û q ƒ x». 1.5 g 3% P.V.A 3wt% ƒw z, mx w 1tn x 5 w r w. x r 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900 C 30 g 2 q ww. 400 C l w 370 C 1 q w» 370 C w w q ù q» ³ X- xÿ»(xrf, ZSX PrimusII, Rigaku) w d w, y ³ w e(tg-dta, 2000s, MAC Science) w d w. v v d KS A-0602, t x (SEM, S2350, HITACHI) w š, XRD(PANalytical X'Pert PRO PW 3040) w w. s³»œ j» d 1 v w 50 d w z s³ w š Fig. 1 w y ³, 1000 C¾ w 3.4 mg ùkü mg Fig. 1. TG-DTA curve f the hydrated sdium silicate. w 25 wt%(3.4/ =25%) w ³ y. w w j 2 û C ü 40% w ùkü, w q C ü 1000 C 60% w, Fig. 2 k Si-OH y w w q. Fig. 2 y ³ 200 C, 300 C, 400 C, 500 C 30 w z XRD s q p Fig. 3 2 q r x y ùkü, Fig. 4 2 q v y v y w. 400 C r x mx x Fig. 2. XRD f the hydrated sdium silicate. 45«1y(2008)

3 공양표 조호연 서동수 56 Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Micrgraphs f the heat treated specimens. Vlume expansin rati and specific gravity depending n heat treatment temperature. 상을 그대로 유지하고 있었으며, 11.9%의 작은 부피 팽 창율을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 원인은 1차 팽창 열처리 (370 C, 30분)과정 중에 열분해 되지 않은 결정수 및 압 축 성형시 결합제로 작용하는 P.V.A에 의한 carbhydrate (결정상 분석 참조)가 열분해되어 팽창에 기여하는 수증 기 및 탄산가스가 발생되나 대부분의 발생가스는 Fig. 5 에 보이는 바와 같이 압축 성형된 시편에 존재하는 개기 공을 통하여 시편 밖으로 빠져나감으로써 팽창에 기여하 지 못하기 때문으로 판단된다. 450 C부터 550 C 온도 구 간에서는 열처리 온도가 높아질수록 부피 팽창율은 감소 하고 부피 비중은 증가하였으며, 550 C 열처리 온도에서 26%의 부피 팽창율과 1.14의 부피 비중을 나타내었다. 이는 소결에 의한 수축이 지배적으로 일어나고 개기공을 통한 분해가스의 유출로 인하여 효과적인 팽창은 일어나 지 않았음을 알 수 있다. 시편의 전체적인 형상은 550 C 까지 원통형을 유지하고 있으나 규산소다 입자의 형태는 규산소다의 연화에 의하여 각형의 모서리를 갖는 입자 형 한국세라믹학회지 Fig. 5. Surface mrphlgy depending n heat treatment temperature. 태(Fig. 5, 400 C~500 C)에서 둥근 모서리를 갖는 입자 형 태(Fig. 5, 550 C)로 변화 되었다. 한편 600 C~850 C에서

4 수화된 규산소다의 팽창 특성 57 나고 650 C~850 C 열처리 온도 구간에서는 완만한 부피 팽창이 발생하였다. 600 C~650 C 열처리 온도 구간에서 의 급격한 부피 팽창은 Fig. 5(600 C~850 C)에 보이는 바 와 같이 규산소다의 연화가 충분히 이루어져 표면이 막 힘으로써 개기공을 통한 분해가스의 유출이 차단되어 분 해가스가 효율적으로 팽창에 기여한 것으로 생각된다. 한 편 600 C 이상의 열처리 온도에서는 유리 상태의 매끄러 운 표면 형상을 나타내고 있다. 650 C~850 C 열처리 온 도 구간에서의 완만한 팽창은 Si-OH계 수화물과 carbhydrate의 고갈로 인한 분해가스의 감소에 의한 것으로 생 각된다. 850 C 열처리 온도에서 최대 부피 팽창율은 223.7%과 최소 부피 비중 0.26을 나타내었다. 900 C에서 열처리된 시편은 규산소다의 연화가 심화되어 구형의 형 상(Fig. 3, 900 C)을 유지하지 못하였으며, 850 C에서 열 처리된 시편에 비하여 부피 팽창율은 감소하고 부피 비 중은 증가하였다. 미세구조 2차 팽창 열처리 온도에 따른 시편 표면의 미세구조 변 화를 Fig. 5에 나타내었다. 400~500 C 열처리 온도 구간 에서는 날카로운 모서리를 갖는 불규칙 형상의 입자들이 서로 접촉하고 있으며 입자들 사이에는 개기공으로 판단 되는 기공이 존재하고 있다. 또한 전체적으로 표면은 거 친 상태를 보이고 있다. 550 C 열처리 온도의 경우에는 입자의 모서리가 둥글어지고 입자끼리 서로 밀착됨을 알 수 있다. 이와 같은 원인은 열처리 온도가 높아짐에 따라 규산소다가 연화되어 표면장력에 의한 구형화와 점성유 동에 의한 소결이 촉진되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 550 C 에서 25.99%의 부피 팽창율(수축)과 1.14의 가장 큰 부 피 비중을 나타내는 이유는 개기공을 통한 분해가스의 유 출로 인하여 팽창은 작게 일어나고 소결에 의한 수축이 커지기 때문이다. 한편 600 C~850 C 열처리 온도 구간에 서는 규산소다의 연화가 더욱 진행되어 입자와 기공을 관 찰할 수 없는 유리질의 매끄러운 표면 상태를 나타내고 있다. 따라서 600 C 이상의 열처리 온도에서는 표면이 막 힘으로써 개기공을 통한 분해가스의 유출이 방지되고 분 해가스가 시편 내부에 효과적으로 포획됨으로써 팽창에 기여할 것임을 예측할 수 있다. Fig. 6은 2차 팽창 열처리 온도에 따른 시편내부의 미 세구조이며 400~500 C 열처리 온도 구간에서는 표면과 유사한 미세구조를 나타내고 있다. 550 C 열처리 온도에 서는 입자 내부에 ~5 µm 크기의 미세한 폐기공이 형성됨 을 알 수 있다. 그러나 600 C의 경우에는 입자 및 기공의 성장이 일어났으며 기공 크기는 5~200 µm의 넓은 분포 를 나타내고 기공의 형상은 불규칙하였다. 한편 650 C~ 850 C 열처리 온도 구간에서는 열처리 온도가 상승함에 따라 기공의 형상은 구형화 되었으며 기공의 크기는 Fig Fig. 6. Crss-sectinal mrphlgy depending n heat treatment temperature. 열처리 할 경우에는 열처리 온도가 높아질수록 부피 팽 창율은 증가하고 부피 비중은 감소하였다. 그러나 600 C~ 650 C 열처리 온도 구간에서는 급격한 부피 팽창이 일어 제 45 권 제 1호(2008)

5 58 œ tá y Á Fig. 7. Average pre size depending n heat treatment temperature. Fig. 8. XRD depending n heat treatment temperature. ( : Tridymite, ü:cristbalite, þ:quartz, ù:thermnatrite, :Trisdium hydrgen decarbnate dihydrate) ƒ w ƒ wš ³ w»œ j» s ùkü Fig. 8. w y ³ (hydrated sdium silicate) 9, 28 w z ùkü š, Si-OH y w q. 370 C 1 q z Si-OH y w yƒ 22 w silica glass z w š Si-OH z. wr 400 ~900 C z ƒ w z. 400 C 450 C trisdium hydrgen decarbnate dihydrate[na 3 H(CO 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]. carbhydrate x w ƒ P.V.A w q, w w ƒ v w ƒ. 500 C 550 C trisdium hydrgen decarbnate dihydrate [Na 3 H(CO 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] thermnatrite[na 2 CO 3 (H 2 O)]. thermnatrite trisdium hydrgen decarbnate dihydrate w w ƒ. 600 C thermnatrite cristbalite. trisdium hydrgen decarbnate dihydrate w 600 C w q. 650 Cù 700 C thermnatrite wƒ w š cristbalite quartz yƒ, 750 C 800 C SiO 2 3ƒ cristbalite, tridymite, quartzƒ y w. ù 750 C thermnatriteƒ w z w. 900 C SiO 2 š cristbalite. 4. ³ g y³ w š w q p š w. 1. w y³ w w w, - w w w w œ w š w. 2. y³ 370 C 1 q q jš xw z, 2 q mw q k ³ w œ ~850 C s»œ x, ƒ w wƒ w q»œ w»œ j»ƒ ƒw. 4. q» w wƒ Si-OH y w w» x w ƒ P.V.A w x carbhydrate w w k ƒ ƒ C ³ w y w q wš v ƒw. Acknwledgment û w š» l BK 21 w,. w wz

6 y ³ q p 59 REFERENCES 1. T. Fujiu, Prcessing and Prperties f Cellular Silica Synthesized by Faming Sl-Gels, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 73 [1] (1990). 2. J. S. Wyansky and C. E. Sctt, Prcessing f Prus Ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Sc. Bull., 71 [11] (1992). 3. G. Y. Jang, S. R. Kim, K. H. Lee, and J. H. Jung, Manufacturing Methd f Prus Ceramics(in Kr), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc. Bull., 10 [2] (1995). 4. S. M. Han, D.Y. Shin, and S. K. Kang, Preparatin fr Prus Ceramics Using Lw Grade Clay(in Kr), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 35 [6] (1998). 5. J. K. Park and J. D. Lee, Preparatin f Prus Inrganic Materials by Faming Slurry(in Kr), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 35 [12] (1998). 6. H. N. Chi and S. H. Han, Effects f Fabricatin Variables and Micrstructures n the Cmpressive Strength f Open Cell(in Kr), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 36 [9] (1999). 7. S. H. Ahn, S. Y. Kim, K. P. Y, and K. H. Lee, Manufacturing Prus Transparency Aergel Using Water Glass(in Kr), Theries and Applicatins f Chemical Engineering, 1 [2] (1995). 8. S. H. Ahn, S. Y. Kim, K. H. Lee, S. Y. Bae, and K. P. Y, Manufacturing Ultraprus Transparent Aergel frm Water Glass by Sl-Gel Prcessing and Supercritical Drying(in Kr), HWAHAK KONGHAK, 35 [4] (1997). 9. K. J. Bae, K. H. Kim, and D. J. Se, Fabricatin & Applicatin f Ultra-Prus Aergel(in Kr), Krea Institute f Science and Technlgy Infrmatin, 3-15 (2005). 10. Y. P. Kng, S. H. Se, J. H. Kim, and D. S. Suhr, Characteristics f Prus Ceramics Depending n Water Cntent f the Water Glass and Heat Treatment Temperature(in Kr), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 42 [10] (2005). 45«1y(2008)

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