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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl., N. 10, pp. 56~567, 007. Effect f ph f Aluminum Hydrxides Gel Obtained by Hydrlysis f Al ( ) Slutin n Crystal Grwth f α-al O Platelets Dng Uk Che, Byung Ki Park*, and Myung Wan Han Department f Chemical Engineering, Chungnam Natinal University, Daejen 05-76, Krea *Energy Materials Research Center, Krea Research Institute f Chemical Technlgy, Daejen , Krea (Received August 15, 007; Accepted September 19, 007) Al ( ) ƒ w w Aluminum Hydrxides Gel phƒ q α-al O e w Á»* Áw û w ywœw *w yw l ( ; ) ABSTRACT T precipitate the cmplex gels f the ph 6, 7, 8, 9 included in a flux and an aluminum hydrxides gel, an aqueus slutin f a mixture f Na CO and Na PO 1H O was added with stirring in an aqueus slutin f a mixture f Al ( ) 18H O, Na and K, and then the cmplex gels were aged in 0 h at 90 C. As the hydrlysis ph changed, it had an effect n the physical prperties such as the crystal structure, crystal mrphlgy and a phase transitin temperature f the AlO(OH) gel, and als n the crystal structure, crystal mrphlgy, particle size and particle size distributin f the α-al O platelets prepared by mlten-salt precipitatin. Als, in this study, the cmplex gels were crystallized at 1,00 C and thereafter dried at 110 C, and then it was investigated t effect f the hydrlysis ph n the crystal structure, mrphlgy and particle size distributin f the α-al O platelets crystals using XRD, DTA, SEM and particle size analyzer. Key wrds : AlO(OH), α-al O platelets, Mlten-salt, Filler, Crystal grwth 1. q α-al O,,» w j» w, w j» w ƒ, š»» š. 1,)» w» w xk, j», t Ì w w»» v w.» q α-al O q ~ 1.5 µm Ì š ~60 µm j» ùkü,,050 C š e w w. AlO(OH) Na K yw yw p (mlten salt) q α-al O xk w, p AlO(OH) y Crrespnding authr : Byung Ki Park bkpark@krict.re.kr Tel : Fax : w p w. ) q α-al O yw (sl-gel) w Al ( ) e ƒ w wš w AlO(OH) Na, K yw w w, AlO(OH) 00 C γ-al O š AlO(OH) yw p 600 C α-al O w, -8) Na, K 80 C x w. q α-al O Al(OH), AlO(OH) γ- Al O 600 ~ 1,00 C ƒ w w, w w. 9-1) Al ( ) Na, K yw Na CO ƒ ww yw k, ƒ w ph, xk, t,»œj» s yw p w, wš 1) w yw w xk ƒ. q α-al O w ü sy w w w ³ w swwš 56
2 Al ( ) ƒ w w Aluminum Hydrxides Gel phƒ q α-al O e w 56» ü š t ù t w ³ w. 1) w q α-al O w ³ w w, w ƒ t ù t š t w ³ w { š w y y (activatin energy)ƒ û w w. 15) ³ w š t ƒ(wetting angle) j» y y j w, ƒ w v w w. ù ƒ w w w, t yw ey ù p ph ƒ y y ƒƒ ƒ w». š t w»œ ù y š w š t yw y ùkü ù e ƒ ñ s w w. 16) α-al O k 00 ~ 600 C û, w š w jš sy y w», w w t q α-al O v w y y j û. w» w k wš w š q α-al O. Al ( ) 18H O Na K yw Na CO Na PO 1H O yw ph 6~9 ƒ ww wš w z, 1,00 C q α-al O w,,,» q α-al O ƒ w phƒ e w w.. x Al ( ) Na K yw ƒ w ph ƒ α-al O w w e k w» w Al ( ) 18H O(Aldrich) Na K (Duksan Pure Chem. 99%) ww yw w, ƒ w w» w e Na CO (Duksan Pure Chem., 99%) Na PO 1H O (Junsei Chem. C., Japan) w w. e heating mantle (MS-DM60) 1l v j w š, ³ w ƒ w w» w micrprcessr peristaltic rv (mdel: ) w xw. AlO(OH) ƒ w ph k w» w Al ( ) 18H O 1 g, Na 56 g š K 5 g ww yw Na CO Na PO 1H O w ƒ ww ph 6, 7, 8, 9 ƒƒ w. ƒ w phƒ 6 û x AlO(OH) sw yw e š, phƒ 9 w NaAl(OH) (CO) q α-al O. z e 90 C 0 w 110 C w w. w 5 mm w w 1,00 C yw. z ww š w q α-al O. e y w» w X- z»(xrd, Rigaku D/MAX-00V X-Ray Diffractmetery) w, interval 0.0, scan speed 5 /min w 5 θ 80 w. e w» w œ»» 10 C/min 1,00 C¾ ƒ w (TG/DTA, TA Instruments SDT 960) w. q α-al O xk y x (SEM, JSM- 6700F, JEOL C., Japan) w š, ƒ w ph q α-al O s y d w» w»(psa, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) w. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram fr preparatin prcess f the flaky α-al O crystal. «10y(007)
3 최동욱 박병기 한명완 56 Fig.. XRD patterns f the gel precipitates as a functin f the hydrlysis ph.. 결과 및 고찰.1. Aluminum hydrxides 겔의 결정구조 및 입자형태 변화 판상 α-al O 결정체의 전구물질인 aluminum hydrxides 겔의 결정구조는 가수분해 ph에 따라 변화한다. Fig. 의 X-선 회절패턴에서 보는 바와 같이 ph 6의 경우는 무정 형의 겔만 석출되고, ph 7 부터는 AlO(OH) 결정이 석출 되기 시작하며, 가수분해 ph 8인 경우는 회절강도의 크기 가 증가하여 결정이 성장함을 알 수 있다. ph 9인 경우는 결정이 더욱 성장한 AlO(OH)와 NaAl(OH) (CO) 결정이 함께 석출되는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 가수분해 ph가 증 가하면 결정성장을 위한 활성화에너지가 증가하여 결정 은 빠르게 성장하고, 시간이 경과함에 따라 입자간 응축 또한 수용액 상 이 발생하여 더욱 성장하게 된다. 태에서 생성된 겔 입자의 결정성장은 [AlO(OH)] 층 사이 에 존재하는 OH 이온에 의해서 결정되는데, 가수분해 ph 가 낮을수록 겔의 밀도가 증가하며, [AlO(OH)] 층 사이에 OH 이온이 많이 존재하게 되고, 층 사이의 거리가 증가 하여 [AlO(OH)] 층의 뒤틀림현상이 발생하게 되므로 결 정성장이 둔화하게 된다. 겔의 가수분해 ph가 증가하 여 ph 9 이상일 경우에는 석출된 겔이 숙성과정에서 재 용해되어 NaAl(OH) (CO) 구조의 알루미늄염을 생성시킨다. 가수분해 ph의 변화에 따라 혼합 겔에 포함된 aluminum hydrxides 겔의 입자형태도 변한다. Fig. 의 TEM 사진 에서 보는 바와 같이 가수분해 ph가 6정도로 낮을 경우 는 무정형의 겔만 존재하는데, 그 이유는 열역학적으로 불안정한 겔이 산성 영역에서 안정한 결정으로 발달하기 위한 에너지를 공급받지 못하기 때문이다. ph 7에서는 침 상의 결정이 석출되었으며, ph 8에서는 침상입자가 많이 성장했음을 관찰할 수 있다. 그러나 ph 9에서는 우측의 응 집된 입자와 좌측 하단의 침상입자가 동시에 관찰된다. 우 Fig.. 7,1,16-19) TEM micrgraph f the gel precipitates as a functin f the hydrlysis ph: (a) ph 6, (b) ph 7, (c) ph 8, and (d) ph 9. 측의 응집된 부분이 NaAl(OH) (CO) 구조의 알루미늄염 이며, 좌측 하단의 침상입자는 AlO(OH) 결정이다... Aluminum hydrxides 겔의 상변화 ph 6, 7, 8, 9로 가수분해하고 숙성하여 얻어진 혼합 겔 을 여과하고 순수로 충분히 수세한 후 110 C에서 시간 건조한 aluminum hydrxides 겔의 열시차 변화를 Fig. 에 나타내었다. 그림에서 ph 6에서 가수분해하고 숙성하여 얻어진 겔 침전물은 상변화는 어떠한 흡열피크도 관찰되 지 않는데, 이것은 겔 침전물이 결정으로 발달하지 않은 무정형이기 때문이다. ph 7에서 가수분해하고 숙성하여 1-) - 6,0) 한국세라믹학회지 Fig.. DTA curves f the aluminum hydrxides gel precipitates as a functin f the hydrlysis ph.
4 Al(SO) 용액의 가수분해에 의해 얻어진 Aluminum Hydrxides Gel의 ph가 판상 α-alo의 결정성장에 미치는 영향 Fig. 5. DTA curves f the cmplex gels precipitates as a functin f the hydrlysis ph. 얻어진 겔 침전물은 80 C 부근의 온도에서 흡열피크가 나타나는데, 이것은 AlO(OH) 결정 내부의 OH 이온이 응 축되어 물로 이탈됨으로써 γ-al O 로 상전이되면서 나타 나는 피크이다. ph 8로 가수분해하고 숙성한 겔 침전물은 10 C 부근에서 NaAl(OH) (CO) 가 NaAlO 로 상전이 되 면서 나타나는 흡열피크와 80 C 부근에서 AlO(OH)가 γal O 로 상전이 되면서 나타나는 흡열피크가 관찰된다. 가수분해 ph가 9일 경우에는 0 C 부근에서 큰 흡열피 크와 0 C 부근에서의 미세한 흡열피크가 관찰되는데, 0 C 부근에서는 NaAl(OH) (CO) 가 NaAlO 로 상전이 되면서 나타나는 피크이고, 0 C 부근에서는 소량의 AlO(OH)가 γ-al O 로 상전이 되면서 나타나는 피크이다. 따라서 가수분해 ph가 7일 경우에는 대부분 AlO(OH) 결 정이 석출되며 가수분해 ph 8 이상부터는 NaAl(OH) (CO) 형태의 알루미늄염으로 재결정 되는 것을 알 수 있다... 용융염에서 aluminum hydrxides 겔의 상변화 Fig. 5는 가열온도에 따른 aluminum hydrxides 겔과 Na SO 및 K SO 혼합 겔의 상변화를 나타낸 DTA 곡선 이다. 그림에서 80 C 부근의 흡열피크는 Na SO 및 K SO 가 용융되면서 나타나는 피크이며, 모든 가수분해 조건에서 거의 같게 나타난다. ph 6으로 가수분해하고 숙 성한 혼합 겔은 약 1,100 C의 특정한 온도에서 큰 흡열피 크를 나타내는데, 무정형의 aluminum hydrxides 겔이 용 융염 용액에서 Fig. 6의 XRD와 같이 α-al O 를 빠르게 석출시키면서 나타나는 피크이다. 이와 같은 현상은 열역 학적으로 불안정한 무정형의 미세한 aluminum hydrxides 겔 입자는 특정한 온도범위에서 안정한 구조의 α-al O 로 핵생성 및 결정성장이 빠르게 이루어진다는 사실을 나 타내는 것이다. ph 7에서 가수분해하고 숙성한 혼합 겔은 약 1,100 C에서부터 1,00 C에 걸쳐 완만한 흡열곡선을 나타낸다. 이는 온도의 증가에 따라 결정의 성장이 서서 Fig XRD patterns f the crystallized gel as a functin f the hydrlysis ph. 히 진행되어 나타나는 현상으로 가수분해와 숙성을 통하 여 성장한 침상 AlO(OH) 결정이 용융염 용액에서 응집 을 통하여 판상결정의 석출과 성장을 위한 활성화에너지 가 증가하기 때문이다. 따라서 안정한 구조의 α-al O 로 결정을 성장시키기 위해서는 1,100 C 이상의 온도에서 충 분한 시간 동안 유지하는 것이 필요하다. ph 8 이상에서 가수분해하고 숙성한 혼합 겔은 90 C 부근에서의 흡열 피크와 1,100~1,00 C에 걸쳐 완만한 흡열피크가 나타난 다. 이는 Fig. 6에서 보는 바와 같이 90 C 부근에서 NaAl O 결정의 석출과 1,100~1,00 C 온도에서 Al(OH) 결정이 각각 석출되어 나타나는 피크이다. 따라서 가수분 해 ph가 8이상으로 증가하면 판상 α-al O 결정석출이 불가능하기 때문에 가수분해 ph는 7 이하로 유지해야 한다. 5 8 Fig. 7. SEM micrgraph f the crystals precipitated in a mlten salt as a functin f the hydrlysis ph: (a) ph 6, (b) ph 7, (c) ph 8, and (d) ph 9. 제 권 제 10호(007)
5 566 Á»Áw Fig. 8. Particle size distributins f the crystals precipitated in a mlten salt as a functin f the hydrlysis ph: (a) ph 6, (b) ph 7, (c) ph 8, and (d) ph 9... xk y Fig. 7 x aluminum hydrxides ph 6 q α-al O ƒ, j» s³ 10 µm. aluminum hydrxides e AlO(OH) w w e w q wš w ƒ ü». Fig. 8 sš ph 6 ƒ wwš w 10 µm w ùkù. ù ƒ 1,100 C w š,» p w j» ƒ w.» s³ 15~0 µm j» q ƒ Fig. 8 5~10 µm p Gaussian š ùkü ph 7 ƒ wwš w w ƒ w. ƒ w phƒ 8 Fig. 7(c) µm w q ƒ α-al O ƒ š, ph 9 ƒ wwš w Fig. 7(d) ƒ NaAl 5 O 8 Al(OH) q ƒ š w.. Al ( ) 18H O Na yw Na CO Na PO 1H O yw ƒ ww yw w α-al O w ƒ w ph α-al O xk w. ƒ w phƒ 6 x aluminum hydrxides 1,100 C w y e q α-al O gš j» s³ 10 µm. ƒ w phƒ 7 ƒ w AlO(OH), 1,100 C w s³ 15~0 µm j» q α-al O. wr, ƒ w w wz
6 Al ( ) ƒ w w Aluminum Hydrxides Gel phƒ q α-al O e w 567 phƒ 8 q w α-al O š, j» µm w w» j»ƒ, ƒ w phƒ 9 q ƒ yw NaAl 5 O 8 Al(OH) w» ww. REFERENCES 1. S. W. Kim, S. H. Lee, J. H. Park, J. H. Kim, S. S. Park, and H. C. Park, Characteristics f Alumina Particles Synthesized by Micrwave Heating(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 9 [10] (00).. R. F. Hill, R. Danzer, and R. T. Paine, Synthesis f Aluminum Oxide Platelets, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 8 [] 51-0 (001).. B. K. Park, J. M. Lee, D. S. Suhr, and K. S. Lim, Preparatin f α-al O Platelets frm Aluminum Hydrxides Gel(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 1 [8] (00).. K. R. Han, J. W. Jang, C. S. Lim, and K. S. Hng, Effects f α-al O Seeds and Alumina sl n α-aumina Pwder Derived frm γ-al O (in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [] 8-88 (1995). 5. C. A. Shaklee and G. L. Messing, Grwth f α-al O Platelets in the HF-γ-Al O system, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 77 [11] (199). 6. S. S. Park, E. H. Hwang, B. C. Kim, and H. C. Park, Synthesis f Hydrated Aluminum Sulfate frm Kalin by Micrwave Extractin, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 8 [6] 11-5 (000). 7. W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bwen, and D. R. Uhlmann, Intrductin t Ceramics; Vl., pp , Jhn Wiley & Sns, New Yrk, nd Ed., D. U. Che, B. K. Park, J. K. Suh, and J. M. Lee, Effect f Aging Time f AlO(OH) Gel Precipitated by Hydrlysis f Aluminum Sulfate n Crystal Grwth f the Flaky α- Al O (in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [9] (006). 9. S. Hashimt and A. Yamaguchi, Synthesis f α-al O Platelets Using Sdium Sulfate Flux, J. Mater. Res., 1 [1] (1999). 10. S. Hashimt and A. Yamaguchi, Frmatin f Prus Aggregatins Cmpsed f Al O Platelets Using Ptassium Sulfate Flux, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (1999). 11. N. S. Bell, S.-B. Ch, and J. H. Adair, Size Cntrl f α- Alumina Particles Synthesized in 1,-Butanedil Slutin by α-alumina and α-hermatite Seeding, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 81 [6] (1998). 1. K. Daimn and E. Kat, Mrphlgy f Crundum Crystallized by Heating Mixture f η-al O and AlF, J. Crystal Grwth, (1986). 1. A. Cneyt Ta, Mlten Salt Synthesis f Calcium Hydrxyapatite Whiskers, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 8 [] (001). 1. L. Breevi, Crystal Grwth Kinetics and Mechanisms; pp in Encyclpedia f Surface and Cllid Science, Vl. 1, Ed. by Arthur T. Hubbard, New Yrk, B. C. Lippens Active Alumina Eurpean Research Center, Texac Belgium N.V., Ghent, Belgium and J. J. Steggerda University f Nijmegen, The Netherlands (1970). 16. Kat, E., Dimn, K., Yamaguchi, A., and Yamada, T., Sinterability f Alumina Pwders Prepared in Different Prcessed frm Hydrated Sulfate, Ygy-kyakai-Shi(in Jpn), (1977). 17. B. K. Park, J. K. Suh, J. M. Lee, and D. S. Suhr, The Rehydratin Prperties f Aphus Alumina Pwder in Lw Water/Alumina Rati(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 5 [10] (1998). 18. B. K. Park, J. K. Suh, J. M. Lee, and D. S. Suhr, Preparatn f High-capacity Ceramic Catalytic Supprt frm Gibbsite(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 9 [] 5-51 (00). 19. B. K. Park, J. M. Lee, and D. S. Suhr, Preparatin f Fe O Supprted γ-alumina Catalyst by Hydrthermal Methd(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 0 [7] (00). 0. B. K. Park, J. M. Lee, and D. S. Suhr, Effect f CH COOH Cncentratin n Characteristics f Fe O Supprted γ-alumina Catalyst by Hydrthermal Methd(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 0 [8] (00). 1. K. Okada and T. Nagashima, Relatinship between Frmatin Cnditins, Prperties, and Crystalline Size f Behmite, J. Kr. Chem. Eng., [1] 8-5 (1996).. B. K. Park, H. S. Lee, Y. H. Kim, and J. M. Lee, Preparatin f Prus Behmite Gel frm Waste AlCl Slutin(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 0 [11] (00).. D. U. Che, B. K. Park, and J. M. Lee, Effect f Water and Aluminum Sulfate Mle Rati n Pre Characteristics in Synthesis f AlO(OH) Nan Gel by Hmgeneus Precipitatin(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [9] (006).. D. U. Che, B. K. Park, J. K. Suh, and J. M. Lee, Effect f ph n Pre Characteristics in Synthesis f High Prus AlO(OH) Gel by Hydrlysis f Al ( ) and Na Mixed Slutin(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [6] 5-0 (007). «10y(007)
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