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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 44, N. 5, pp. 284~289, Synthesis f Micrcellular Crdierite Ceramics Derived frm a Preceramic Plymer In-Hyuck Sng, Yung-Mi Kim, Hai-D Kim, and Yung-Wk Kim* Department f Materials Engineering, Krea Institute f Machinery and Materials, Chnawn, , Krea *Department f Materials Science and Engineering, The University f Seul, Seul, 10-74, Krea (Received April 2, 2007; Accepted May 21, 2007) Preceramic Plymer w j g p w x Á½ Á½w Á½ * w» * w œw ( ; ) ABSTRACT In this study, a nvel-prcessing rute fr prducing micrcellular crdierite ceramics has been develped. The prpsed strategy fr making the micrcellular crdierite ceramics invlves three steps: (i) fabricating ceramic-filled preceramic fams by heating a mixture f plysilxane, expandable micrspheres, talc, and alumina in a mld, (ii) crss-linking the famed bdy, and (iii) transfrming the bdy int micrcellular crdierite ceramics by sintering. Cu jig was used fr near net shaping in the faming step. The experimental variables such as the shape f faming jig and the cntent f expendable micrsphere were investigated. By cntrlling the cntent f expendable micrsphere, it was pssible t make the prus crdierite ceramics with cell density f ~ cells/cm. key wrds : Crdierite, Prus material, Faming, Prsity 1. œ» e w ƒ w p w» e w š. p œ» filtratin/separatin z ü»œ/s»œ j», x, w,»œ, s w» ƒ w p w.»œ p w ƒ š, š e (kiln furniture), k,,, üy, š ƒ v l(ht gas filter), y vl(water filter),,, w v s(prefrm) w 1-) ƒ w. p ƒ š œ» œ w»œ w w ƒ w wz ƒ y. ù» y š ƒ š»œ j»ƒ 100 µm~2mm Crrespnding authr : In-Hyuck Sng sih1654@kmail.kimm.re.kr Tel : Fax : w»œj» ƒ»œ ( v cell )ƒ û w» p» w». w w» w Kim 4-7) y ƒ w»š w»œ j»ƒ µm w,»œ ƒ 10 9 cells/cm j w.»š (preceramic plymer) w w»»š ƒ œ m w y j»,»» m w w SiC, Si N 4, BN, AlN, TiC, B 4 C w w». p» š w ƒ r w, w (wettability) x, ³ w yw ƒ w ƒ ³ w. š mw ƒ w. w ƒ, y»š» w yww casting, spinning mlding x œ y w w xk ƒ w š» œ w w. 8-10) g p(2mgo 2Al 2 O 5SiO 2 ) ü, yw 284
2 Preceramic Plymer w j g p w 285 w p w p š ü»,»œ ü, w»ƒ y š. w û q, û š» z qj š. 11-1) x»š s (plysilxane)»œ x q ƒ w œx (expandable micrsphere) v (filler) w œ g p w w, œx w œ y œ»œ y w š w. 2. x 2.1. œ j g p w w» w s (YR70, GE Tshiba Silicnes C., Ltd., Japan), q ƒ w (461DU40, Expancel, Sundsvall, Sweden), talc (Mg (OH) 2 Si 4 O 10, Samchun Pure Chemical, Krea), Al 2 O (AKP0 Sumitm Chemical C., Japan) w. x»œx expancel q ƒ w œx s p j p(plymethylmethacrylate) v (Shell) v ü q k (Isbuthane) rk(ispentane) sww 9~15µm x š,» 120~200 C ƒ w, s p j p v y š, ü k rk vƒ q w v ƒ k yw x Table 1 j g p w w» w w. q ƒ w w w, wt%~15wt% wt% y. w s, talc Al 2 O x mw crdierite e w. lv s p» w 6 yww. yw ü» Table 1. Batch Cmpsitin f Micrcellular Crdierite Ceramics Designatin talc Al 2 O plysilxane expancel E E E E E ƒ 64 cm (8 8 1cm) Cu» 60 g (packing density :0.94g/cm ) w. Cu» 140 C ¾ 2C/min š ƒ w. ƒ ƒw œx q w, s y. r Cu v w ¾ q w. q r œ»» 180 C¾ ƒ œ, r 125 C, 10 œ»» w. œ 700 C 1 œ sw g, 2C w. œ x œx w j, s y ƒ w œwš, v (filler) w w Al 2 O talcƒ crdierite w w. j g p v d w w,»œ d g p (2.60 g/cm ) l w. w»œ s we w prsimeter(autpre IV Series, USA) w. w»œ x (SEM, Jel, Japan) w w.»œ (cell density)»œ d w z, yw.. x š Fig. 1 j (micrcellular) œ w» w œ ùkü. œ, (i) s,»œ x (faming agent) œx, y filler talc Al 2 O yw w xp ƒ w»œ x w œ, (ii) y j œ (iii) w œ j w œ.» Kim 4,5) w j œ w yw k xp w x sw, ƒ v w Fig. 1. Schematic representatin f prcessing prcedure fabricating fr micrcellular ceramics. 44«5y(2007)
3 286 xá½ Á½w Á½ Fig. 2. Cmparisn between (a) the cnventinal faming prcess and (b) the prpsed jig faming prcess fabricating fr micrcellular ceramics. x (prefrm) w œ w x ƒ w w. Fig. 2» œ s œ x xp w»œ x w œ w.» s(faming) œ yw xwš ƒ k s vq w, r mw j (crack) w w. w w s x w Fig. 2 (b) xp w. yw xw š xp w z ƒ j r v xp v¾ ƒw, z x p rü r x š w œ x w. Fig. g p x w s, q ƒ w, talc, Al 2 O yw w 140 C s x r.»š s w w faming» w faming x w s y (sftening temperature) w, w œ» w s û w. s y ƒƒ 109 C 155 C. Fig. s x ƒ 140 C w yw ü sw q v ƒƒ w,»š s y x w v ƒ w w x œ x ƒ ƒ w. w ƒ œ j œ» šw w» w w. 180 C 48 ƒ œ z œ (pyrlysis) œ j w w. OH grup w w Si-O-Si w x œ ƒ œ w. ƒ œ z œ g p w» w r 125 C, 10 œ»» w. g p ƒ w r. s w œ 2% 4) ù SiO 2. w 14) Gren š w talc 900~975 C xk magnesium metasilicate(enstatite) SiO 2, w š šw. s talc ù y w ƒ ƒw Al 2 O ƒ w g p ƒ w. w ) Plysilxane+ O 2 SiO 2 + CO 2 MgO 4SiO 2 H 2 O MgOSiO ( 2 ) + SiO 2 + H 2 O 9SiO 2 + 6Al 2 O + 6MgOSiO ( 2 ) 2MgO2Al ( 2 O 5SiO 2 ) (1) s y» w y, s w ù SiO 2ƒ. (2) talcƒ w, talc k wì MgO SiO 2 SiO 2 w w. () (1) (2) yw w g (1) (2) () Fig.. Mrphlgy f the varius famed prttypes fabricated by jig faming prcess :(a) plate type (standard:64.0 cm ) and (b) atypical type. Fig. 4. XRD prfile f micrcellular crdierite after pyrlysis (specimen : E9). w wz
4 Preceramic Plymer를 이용한 마이크로셀룰라 코디어라이트 세라믹스의 합성 Fig Micrstructure change during prcessing f micrcellular crdierite ceramics with an initial packing density f 0.94 g/cm. 트가 생성되는 것을 나타낸다. 그리고 이와 같이 합성된 코디어라이트는 온도가 증가함에 따라서 일반적인 고상 소결 반응에 의하여 구조체의 치밀화가 촉진될 것을 예 상할 수 있다. Fig. 4는 이와 같이 125 C에서 열처리 후 합성된 다공 질 코디어라이트 세라믹스의 XRD 실험 결과이다. XRD 분석결과 미반응물이 관찰되지 않고, 전체적으로 코디어 라이트 피크가 잘 관찰되었다. Fig. 5는 마이크로셀룰라 코디어라이트를 합성하기 위 하여 기공형성제인 팽창가능한 중공형 미세구(expancel)의 함량 변화에 따른 미세 구조 변화를 각각의 공정단계인 발포공정 후, 가교 공정 후, 열처리 공정 후로 구분하여 나타낸 것이다. 이때 코디어라이트 다공질 재료를 제조하 기 위한 원료 분말의 packing density(혼합분말의 질량 (60 g)/금형 틀의 내부 부피(64 cm ))는 0.94 g/cm 으로 동일 하게 하였다. 이는 이미 Sng 등이 보고한 연구에서 packing density는 높을수록 기공도(prsity)는 감소하나 셀 벽 구조체(strut structure)의 치밀화로 인하여 특성이 향 상된다는 보고에 기반을 둔 것이다. 이는 충분히 높은 밀 도의 혼합분말을 장입시 기공의 형성 거동을 비교하기 위 한 것으로서 packing density 0.94 g/cm 는 성형하지 않고 쉽게 분말 상태로 장입할 수 있는 최대 양에 해당한다. Fig. 5에서 나타난 바와 같이 기공형성제인 팽창 가능한 중공형 미세구의 양이 wt%인 경우에는 발포 공정 후 셀룰라 기공 구조가 미약하게 관찰되었으며, 열처리 후에 는 셀룰라 기공구조를 관찰 할 수 없었다. 그러나 기공형 16) 성제인 중공형 미세구의 양이 9 wt%와 15 wt% 등으로 증 가함에 따라 발포 공정 후 비교적 건전한 셀룰라 기공구 조를 형성함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 또한 이와 같은 기공 구조는 열처리 후에도 유지되어 최종적으로 마이크로셀 룰라 구조의 코디어라이트 다공질 소재를 얻을 수 있었 다. 이때 기공형성제의 양이 9 wt%(e9)인 경우 기공 밀도 도 약 cell/cm 의 건전한 기공 구조를 형성하였 다. 기공형성제인 미세구의 양이 wt%인 경우에는 형성 되는 절대적인 기공의 양이 적을 뿐만 아니라 부피 팽창 시 금속 금형 내에서 압축응력이 형성되지 못하여 건전 한 기공 구조를 유지하지 못하였다. 그러나 기공형성제인 미세구의 양이 증가됨에 따라 형성되는 기공 밀도가 증 가되며, 또한 Fig. 2에 나타낸 바와 같은 압축 응력으로 인하여 기지 조직이 강화되고 건전한 셀룰라 미세 구조 를 형성하게 된다. 기공 형성제인 중공형 미세구의 양이 15 wt%인 경우 가교 공정후의 파단 조직을 보여 준 그림 이다. 즉 중공형 미세구의 양이 많이 첨가된 경우 시편 내에 과도한 압축 응력이 형성되어 실제 기공의 형상이 찌그러지는 경향을 보여 주고 있다. Fig. 6은 중공형 미세구의 양이 9 wt%인 경우 각 공정 단계별로 수은 함침공정을 통하여 측정된 기공 크기 분 포를 나타낸 결과이다. 발포 공정 후 그리고 가교 공정 직후에 측정된 평균 기공크기는 약 1.1 µm의 기공 분포 를 보여 주고 있다. 이는 Fig. 5에서 관찰 된 바와 같이 가교 공정 까지는 대부분 형성된 셀의 형태가 닫힌 기공 (clsed pre)임으로 수은이 셀안으로 들어가지 못하고 셀 9 제 44 권 제 5호(2007)
5 288 xá½ Á½w Á½ œx 60 ~ 65% s š. œx ƒw r v w»»œ yƒ š». packing densityƒ š w œx yƒ»œ y j» w w q. x»œx œx (expancel) w y j g p w w š w. p s œ near net shaping w x» w,»š s y ƒ w œwš, v (filler) w w Al 2 O talc w g p w w. Fig. 6. Results f pre size distributin f micrcellular crdierite (specimen : E9). 4.»š s (plysilxane)»œ x q ƒ w œx (expandable micrsphere) v (filler) Al 2 O, talc w j œ g p w w. œ (1) w xk»»œ x ƒ sw yw q g»œ x w œ, (2) ƒ j œ () w œ œ w œ. p s œ œ x ü w w wš» p j» w p w. œ mw œ g p yw packing densityƒ 0.94 g/cm, œx 9w%»œ ƒ 64%,»œ ƒ cell/cm w»œ x w. Acknwledgement Fig. 7. Prsity f the micrcellular crdierite ceramics as a functin f the amunt f expandable micrsphere.»œ d. ù œ óù z»œ j» 15 µm w v jƒ, œ g pen preƒ d»œ mw»œ ü. Fig. 7»œ x œx ƒ y»œ y.»œ (prsity) x» (Center fr Advanced Materials Prcessing, CAMP) w,. REFERENCES 1. P. Sepulveda, Gelcasting Fams fr Prus Ceramics, Am. Ceram. Sc. Bull., 76 [10] 61-5 (1997). 2. J. Saggi-Wyansky, C. E. Sctt, and W. P. Minnear, Prcessing f Prus Ceramics, Am. Ceram. Sc. Bull., 71 [11] (1992).. W. Wu, T. Fujiu, and G. L. Messing, Synthesis f Cellular w wz
6 Preceramic Plymer w j g p w 289 Inrganic Materials by Faming Sl-Gels, J. Nn-Cryst. Slids, (1990). 4. Y.-W. Kim, S. H. Kim, H. D. Kim, and C. B. Park, Prcessing f Clsed-Cell Silicn Oxycarbide Fams frm a Preceramic Plymer, J. Mater. Sci., (2004). 5. Y.-W. Kim. Y. J. Jin, Y. S. Chun, I. H. Sng, and H. D. Kim, A Simple Pressing Rute t Clsed-Cell Micrcellular Ceramics, Scripta Mater., (2005). 6. Y.-W. Kim, H. D. Kim, and C. B. Park, Prcessing f Micrcellular Mullite, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 88 [12] (2005). 7. C. Wang, J. Wang, C. B. Park, and Y.-W. Kim, Crss-linking Behavir f a Plysilxane in Preceramic Fam Prcessing, J. Mater. Sci., (2004). 8. O. Delverdier, M. Mnthiux, A. Oberlin, A. Lavedrine, D. Bahlul, and P. Gursat, Thermal Behaviur f Plymerderived Ceramics. II. Si-C-N System frm a New PVSZ Precursr, J. High Temp, (1992). 9. O. Delverdier, M. Mnthiux, D. Mcaer, and R. Pailler, Thermal Behavir f Plymer-derived Ceramics. I. Si-C and Si-C-O Systems frm Bth Cmmercial and New Plycarbsilane (PCS) Precursrs, J. Eurp. Ceram. Sc., (199). 10. F. F. Lange and K. T. Miller, Open Cell, Lw-Density Ceramics Fabricated frm Reticulated Plymer Substrates, Adv. Ceram. Mater., 2 [4] (1987). 11. Y. Dng, X. Liu, Q. Ma, and G. Meng, Preparatin f Crdierite-based Prus Ceramic Micr-filtratin Membranes Using Waste Fly Ash as the Main Raw Materials, J. Memb. Sci., 285 [1-2] (2006). 12. A. Yamuna, S. Hnda, K. Sumita, M. Yanagihara, S. Hashimt, and H. Awaji Synthesis, Sintering and Thermal Shck Resistance Estimatin f Prus Crdierite by IR Heating Technique, Micr. Mes. Mater., 85 [1-2] (2005). 1. F. A. Csta Oliveira, Elastic Mduli f Open-cell Crdierite Fams, J. f Nn-Crystalline Slids, 51 [19-20] (2005). 14. R. Gren, C. Ozgur, and H. Gcmez, The Preparatin f Crdierite frm Talc, Fly Ash, Fused Silica and Alumina Mixtures, Ceram. Int., 2 [1] 5-6 (2006). 15. D. H. Jang, Y.-W. Kim, and H. D. Kim, Prcessing f Prus Crdierite Ceramics with Cntrlled Prsity, J. Ceram. Sc. Jpn., 115 [1] 52-8 (2007). 16. I. H. Sng, M. J. Kim, H. D. Kim, and Y.-W. Kim, Prcessing f Micrcellular Crdierite Ceramics frm a Preceramic Plymer, Scripta Mater., (2006). 44«5y(2007)
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