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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl., N. 8, pp. 5~50, Effect f Brn Carbide n the Mrphlgy f SiC Cnversin Layer f Graphite Substrate frmed by Chemical Vapr Reactin Hyun-Jung Hng, Dh-Hyung Riu, Kwang-Yun Ch,G Eun-Bae Kng, Dng-Geun Shin, Dae-Kyu Shin,* and Jae-Sung Lee** Nan Materials Team, KICET(Krea Institute f Ceramic Engineering and Technlgy), Seul , Krea *Hynix Semicnductr, Guenggi-D , Krea **Department f Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan , Krea (Received July 12, 2007; Accepted August 8, 2007) yw» SiC d e e w yx Á x Á Ÿ Áœ Á Á ³*Á **» ù q *w **w w œw ( ; ) ABSTRACT A cnversin layer f SiC was fabricated n the graphite substrate by a chemical vapr reactin methd in rder t enhance the xidatin resistance f graphite. The effect f brn carbide cntaining pwder bed n the mrphlgy f SiC cnversin layer was investigated during the chemical vapr reactin f graphite with the reactive silicn-surce at 1650 C and 1700 C fr 1 h. The presence f brn species enhanced the cnversin f graphite int SiC, and altered the mrphlgy f the cnversin layer significantly as well. A cntinuus and thick SiC cnversin layer was frmed nly when the brn surce was used with the ther silicn cmpunds. The brn is deemed t increase the diffusin f SiO x in SiC/C system. Key Wrds : CVR, Chemical Vapr Reactin, Graphite, SiC cating, Brn carbide dping 1. û, û k q š w. ù, 500 C š ƒ w» w y» 1,2) š ƒ w w y ƒw ù t ü y w gq w y w. y ƒw 3-17), 3) 1000 C¾ y w ù z ƒ. ü y gq q ƒ wš w ƒ ü, ü t w ky³ ƒ ƒ ww. -10) ky³ gqw 1) MTS w CVD, 11) Crrespnding authr : Dh-Hyung Riu dhriu15@kicet.re.kr Tel : Fax : ) yw gqw Pack-cementatin, 12) 3) s gqw z w 13) ww ƒ gqd w 1)ƒ š š. Pack-cementatin t l gq q ³ yw gq w š. w, r» gqw, 15) r» š gqw, Si 16) r gqw z j 17) ù. r» gqw ƒ É gqd ù, r w gqd t e. r» w š» mw gqw r t e š ³ w gq ù, x gqd. t gqw g 5

2 6 yx Á xá Ÿ Áœ Á Á ³Á qd t w ³ w gqd š, gq z œ ww w œ w w. 17) Si» l w Si ƒ yw ùký. 18,19) Si (l) Si (g) (1) SiO 2(s) +C (s) SiO (v) +CO (v) (2) SiC (s) +2SiO 2 3SiO (v) +CO (v) (3) Si (g) +C (s) SiC (s) () SiO (g) +C (s) SiC (s) +CO (v) (5) Si Si(g) vapr pressureƒ š, SiO C y w SiO(v)ƒ œ (), (5) SiC gqd x w. Si ƒ ƒ t p. t»œ ³» Si- ƒ œ ƒ. yw» w SiC gqd x w»œ SiC gqd Ë x. 18) Al 2 O 3, MgO Si ƒ y wì yww w x ù, 20,21) brn w w š. ƒ r» š ew ky³» yw w gq w, Si e ƒw» SiC gqd e w š w. 2. x x 3 Table 1 w ùkü. A, 3 B Ty tans( ) 1.77 g/cm 3, 1.82 g/cm IG-11 ISO-68 š, C Le carbne-lrraine(v ) 1.85 g/cm 3 3 ELLOR+30. ƒƒ r 5 5 5mm z, #1000, #2000 SiC w ƒ w. r k ü q» w z, 60 C» 2 w.» w» Si (Riedel-de Haen, Germany), Silicn dixide(junsei, Japan), B C(< 10 µm, Aldrich, USA), SiC ( mesh, Aldrich, USA) w. ƒ e w Si:SiO 2 :SiC=7:1:2, Si: SiO 2 :SiC:B C=6:2:1:1 yww z Table 1. Prperties f Graphite Substrate Used in This Experiment ID Prsity(%) Density(g/cm 3 ) A B nt determined nt determined C Manufacturer & Prduct name IG-11 (Ty tans) ISO-68 (Ty tans) Errr+30 (Lecarbne-lrraine) Table 2. The Sample ID and the Cmpsitin f the Pwder Bed Used Pack pwder mixture (wt%) sample ID. Si SiO 2 SiC B C SOC SOCB Fig. 1. A schematic figure illustrating the experimental set-up fr chemical vapr reactin using a remte pwder bed. w. ƒƒ SOC, SOCB w, Table 2 w ùkü. Fig. 1 ƒ y w», r» ew. r ƒ š œ š œ k Ar ƒ wš 20» ey w. Ar» 1000 C¾ 10 C/min wš 1000 C 5 C/min w 1 k z þw. gqd w XRD(FR-150, Enraf- Nnius C., Netherland) w 2θƒ 20 ~80 peak w. FE-SEM(JSM-6700F, JEOL C., Japan) gqd wš, EDS(JXA Genesis, USA) t w. w wz

3 화학기상반응으로 흑연 위에 만든 SiC 반응층의 모양에 미치는 보론 카바이드의 영향 Fig. 2. FE-SEM micrgraphs f fractured crss-sectin f graphite samples that were chemical vapr reactin treated at 1650C fr 1 h under a flwing Ar atmsphere. SOC dentes the case f Si : SiO2 : SiC = 7 : 1 : 2, SOCB dentes the case f Si : SiO2 : SiC : BC=6 : 2 : 1 : 1; (a)&(b) Sample A (1.77 g/cm3), (c)&(d) Sample B (1.82 g/cm3), and (e)&(f) Sample C (1.85 g/cm3). 3. 실험 결과 및 고찰 Fig. 2는 SOC(Si:SiO :SiC=7:1:2), SOCB(SiO :SiC:B C =6:2:1:1) 조성의 분위기분말을 이용하여 밀도가 다른 흑연 모재를 1650 C에서 1시간 기상화학반응(CVR)을 실 시한 후, 미세구조 변화를 관찰한 주사전자현미경 사진이다. (a), (c), (e) (흑연모재 밀도: (a)<(c)<(e))는 SOC 분위 2 2 기 분말을 사용한 경우로 공통적으로 표면의 코팅층 두 께가 균일하지 않고, 10 µm 미만으로 매우 얇았으나, 흑 연 모재의 기공을 통해 100 µm 이상 깊은 부분까지 군데 군데 SiC 상이 형성되어 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 코팅층의 두께는 (a)가 가장 두꺼웠으며, (c), (e)로 갈수록 코팅층 이 얇아지고, 표면에서 내부로 침투한 SiC의 양이 줄어든 것이 관찰되었다. (a), (c), (e)의 비교를 통해서 밀도가 높 을수록, 즉, 기공율이 낮을수록 코팅층의 두께가 얇아지 고 흑연 내부로의 침투 또한 적게 일어나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 시편의 기공율에 따른 코팅층의 깊이 변화는 Yn & Chi 등의 연구 결과와 유사하였다. (b), (d), (f) (흑 연모재 밀도: (b)<(d)<(f))는 SOCB 분위기 분말을 사용 18) Fig FE-SEM micrgraphs f fractured crss-sectin f graphite samples that were chemical vapr reactin treated at 1700C fr 1 h under a flwing Ar atmsphere. SOC dentes the case f Si : SiO2 : SiC = 7 : 1 : 2, SOCB dentes the case f Si : SiO2 : SiC : BC=6 : 2 : 1 : 1; (a)&(b) Sample A (1.77 g/cm3), (c)&(d) Sample B (1.82 g/cm3), and (e)&(f) Sample C (1.85 g/cm3). 한 경우로 (b), (d), (f) 시편 모두 표면에 균일하고 연속적 인 50 µm 이상의 코팅층이 형성되었다. 코팅층은 치밀하 였으며 흑연 모재의 밀도에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 보 였다. (a), (c), (e)와 (b), (d), (f)를 비교해 보면, 분위기 분말에 B C가 첨가되면 코팅층의 미세구조의 뚜렷한 차이가 발 생한 것을 알 수 있다. B C 첨가에 의해 코팅층의 내부 확산 반응 경로가 달라지거나 확산 계수의 증가로 인하 여 낮은 온도에서도 반응속도가 빨라진 때문으로 추정하 였다. 따라서, B C의 첨가가 단순히 반응 속도를 높여 주 는 역할을 하는 것은 아닌지 확인하기 위하여 반응 온도 를 50 C 높여 1700 C에서 동일한 조건의 실험을 반복하 였다. Fig. 3은 SOC, SOCB 분위기 분말을 이용하여 1700 C 에서 1시간 기상화학반응을 실시한 후, 파단면의 미세구 조를 관찰한 주사전자현미경 사진이다 C에서 반응 한 코팅층 미세 구조와 유사한 경향이 관찰되었다. 반응 온도의 상승으로 SOC를 분위기 분말로 사용한 (a), (c), (e)의 경우 표면에 생성된 코팅층의 두께는 큰 변화가 없 제 권 제 8호(2007)

4 8 yx Á xá Ÿ Áœ Á Á ³Á Fig.. Schematic drawings which explain the chemical vapr reactin prcess with in the presence f brn carbide surce. When brn carbide was used tgether with SiO(v) generating surce, Si-species diffusin alng the bundary f C/SiC interface was enhanced. The brn species enhance the reactin f SiO (g) with carbn by increasing the diffusin cefficient f SiO x(g) species alng the lattice f the cnverted SiC layer and Si/C interface as well; (a)brn free case (b)brn additin case. š, SOCB» w (b), (d), (f) gqd É., SOC SOCB w. B C ƒƒ w wš g qd x» y j w w q w. Fig. B C ƒƒ SiO (v) y e w yw ùkü.» B Cƒ ƒ ƒ k SiO (V) ƒ t k w ù (a)»œ ù (b) ³ (c) mw ü ¾ en d x.(fig. (a)),» B Cƒ ƒ SiO (V) ƒ t k wš, mw SiC y gqd ü ƒ w y, gqd š, w ü ¾»œ¾ en š, SiC gqd ³ wš Ë x. Fig. 5 SOC»,» yw w XRD. Carbn peak(jcpds #1-187)ƒ. yw Fig. 5. XRD results f cnversin SiC cated graphite samples with SOC pwder bed; (a) A sample, (b) B sample, (c) C sample treated at 1650 C, and (d) A sample, (e) B sample, (f) C sample treated at 1700 C; C:Carbn (JCPDS #1-187), S:SiC (JCPDS # ). w carbn peak C(002) z w š wš, SiC peak SiC(111) (I C(002) /I SiC(111) ) w C (a) = 0.381, (b) = 0.753, (c) = š 1700 C (d) = 0.07, (e) = 0.826, (f) = w w, ƒ carbn z ƒ SiC z w f. Fig. 6 SOCB» (SiO 2 :SiC:B C=6:2 :1:1)» yw w XRD. carbn peak w š, w wz

5 화학기상반응으로 흑연 위에 만든 SiC 반응층의 모양에 미치는 보론 카바이드의 영향 Fig. 7. Fig. 6. XRD results f cnversin SiC cated graphite samples with SOCB pwder bed; (a) A sample, (b) B sample, (c) C sample treated at 1650C, and (d) A sample, (e) B sample, (f) C sample treated at 1700C; C:Carbn (JCPDS #1-187), S:SiC (JCPDS # ). 정성이 높은 SiC(cubic, JCPDS # )가 코팅층의 주 를 이루었다. 동일한 증착 조건에서 밀도가 다른 모재 (a), (b), (c)나 (d), (e), (f)를 비교하였을 때, 밀도의 차이에서 기인한 peak의 변화는 없었다. 분위기분말에 보론 카바이드의 첨가는 표면층의 미세 구조에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 관찰되었다. Fig. 7은 SOC, SOCB 조성의 분위기분말을 이용하여 밀도가 다른 A, B, C 흑연 모재 위에 1700 C에서 1시간 기상화학반응을 실 시한 후 코팅층 표면의 미세구조를 관찰한 주사전자현미 경 사진이다. SOC 조성의 분위기 분말을 사용한 (a), (c), (e)의 경우 미세한 결정립 입자들이 형성되었고 군데 군 데 큰 SiC 결정립과 용융된 듯한 입자가 존재하는 것을 9 FE-SEM micrgraphs taken with a cmpsitin image mde f cnversin SiC cated graphite surface at 1700C fr 1 h. (a), (c), (e) with SOC pwder bed and (b), (d), (f) with SOCB pwder bed. 확인하였다. SOCB 조성의 분위기 분말을 사용한 경우 큰 SiC 결정립 사이를 용융된 듯한 물질이 전체적으로 다 채 워진 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 큰 결정립과 용융된 듯한 입자의 성분의 정확한 확인 을 위하여 EDS 성분 분석을 실시하였다. Fig. 7의 (f) 시 편에 대하여 EDS 성분 분석을 실시한 결과, 코팅층의 아 랫부분에 존재하는 큰 결정립들은 Si와 C가 1:1의 원자 비로 존재하는 것을 확인하였고, 위쪽의 용융된 듯한 입 자는 Si인 것으로 확인이 되었다. 이는 SiO 의 과잉으로 인해 흑연과 반응을 통해 SiC로의 전환이 다 이루어진 후 에도 계속적인 SiO 의 공급으로 더 이상 SiC로의 전환 은 이루어지지 않고, 그 위에 SiO 가 덮혀 Si 상태로 존 재한 것으로 판단된다. 이는 Fig. 6의 XRD와는 다른 결 과처럼 보이나, EDS는 코팅층의 표면의 매우 얇은 단위 를 관찰하였기 때문에 이러한 차이가 발생한 것이라 생 각되며 코팅층에 대한 더욱 정밀한 분석과 산화 거동에 대한 평가 등이 수행될 예정이다. (V) (V) (v). 결 론 Si, SiO, SiC 혼합 분말을 분위기 조성용 분말로 사용 하여 화학기상반응(CVR)을 통한 흑연의 SiC 코팅을 실시 2 제 권 제 8호(2007)

6 50 yx Á xá Ÿ Áœ Á Á ³Á w. 1) t SiC yd ù, ¾ ¾ enƒ. ƒ û SiC z ƒ y w. 2) Si, SiO 2, SiC B C ƒw, 50 µm SiC yd ³ w x. w w. 3) t É gqd x brn ƒ w SiC/C y y» ƒ. Acknwledgment» e ( t )» w f mw w w. REFERENCE 1. L. Xiawei, R. Jean-Charles, and Y. Suyuan, Effect f Temperature n Graphite Oxidatin Behavir, Nuc. Eng. and Design, (200). 2. E. L. Fuller and J. M. Okh, Kinetics and Mechanisms f the Reactin f Air with Nuclear Grade Graphites : IG-110, J. Nuc. Mat., (1997). 3. C. G. Chi, W. J. Lee, and C. O. Park, The Effects f Inhibitrs Impregnated in C/C Cmpsite at High Temperature, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 28 [6] (1991).. Y. H. Yun and S. C. Chi, Fabricatin f SiC Cnverted Graphite by Chemical Vapr Reactin Methd (I), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 38 [12] (1997). 5. I. C. Suh, D. I. Kim, B. H. Yeh, B. Jung, and C. O. Park, Multi-layer Cating fr Imprvement f Anti-Wear Prperty f Graphite, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 31 [8] (199). 6. K. N. Lee, D. S. Fx, and N. P. Bansal, Rare Earth Silicate Envirnmental Barrier Catings fr SiC/SiC Cmpsites and Si3N Ceramics, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (2005). 7. K. J, Kim, K. Y. Ch, Y. C. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. H. Chung, and Y. S. Lim, Imprvement f Oxidatin-Resistance f Graphite by Phsphate, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 36 [5] (1999). 8. I. C. Suh, W. J. Lee, B. H. Yeh, and C. O. Park, A Study f the Pack Cemented SiC Cating n Graphite by Experimental Design, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 29 [10] (1992). 9. H. S. Kim, D. J. Chi, and D. J. Kim, Surface Mdificatin Using CVD-SiC, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 33 [7] (1996). 10. W. J. Kim, J. Y. Park, J. I. Kim, G. W. Hng, and J. Ha, Depsitin f Large Area SiC Thick Films by Lw Pressure Chemical Vapr Depsitin (LPCVD) Methd, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 38 [5] (2001). 11. Q. G. Fu, H. J. Li, X. H. Shi, K. Z. Li, and G. D. Sun, Oxidatin Prtective Glass Cating fr SiC Cated Carbn/Carbn Cmpsites fr Applicatin at 1773 K, Mat. lett., 60 [3] 31-3 (2006). 12. D. J. Chi and H. S. Kim, The Effect f Diluent Gases n the Grwth Behavir f CVD SiC, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 3 [2] (1997). 13. F. Zhiqiang, T. Chunhe, and L. Tngxiang, Structure f SiC Catings frm Plycarbsilane n Graphite fr Fuel Element Matrix f High Temperature Gas-Cled Reactr, Surf. & Cat. Tech., (2006). 1. O. H. Kim, S. Y. Lee, B. I. Yun, and J. O. Park, Imprvement f Oxidatin Resistance and Ersin Resistance Prperties f the C/C Cmpsite with the Multi Cating, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 32 [9] (1995). 15. J. Y. Kim, I. P. Hng, and S. L. Sung, Imprvement f Oxidative Resistance fr Graphite Cated with SiC by Pack Cementatin, J. Kr. Sc. Cmp. Mat., 7 1 (199). 16. J. I. Kim, I. S. Park, and H. J. J, Oxidatin Behavir f SiC Cated Carbn/Carbn Cmpsite by Pack-cementatin Methd, J. Kr. Sc. Cmp. Mat., 13 [2] 22-9 (2000). 17. J. W. Kim, K. Y. Ch, Y. C. Park, T. K. Kim, Y. H. Chung, and Y. S. Lim, SiC Oxidatin Prtective Cating fr Graphite Muld, Key Engineering Materials., (2005). 18. Y. H. Yn, S. C. Chi, J. C. Chang, and J. C. Kim, The Cnversin Mechanism f SiC Cnversin Layers n Graphite Substrate by CVR, J. Ceram. Prcess. Res., 2 [3] (2001). 19. H. J. Chi and J. G. Lee, Synthesis f Silicn Carbide Whiskers (1) : Reactin Mechanism and Rate-Cntrlling Reactin, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc.(in Krean), 35 [12] (1998). 20. Q. G. Fu, H. J. Li, X. H. Shi, K. Z. Li, and G. D. Sun, Silicn Carbide Cating t Prtect Carbn/Carbn Cmpsites against Oxidatin, Scripta Materialia, (2005). 21. T. M. Wu, K. H. Wn, and W. C. Wei, Prcessing and Measurement f Basic Prperties f SiC and Crdierite Catings f Carbn/Carbn Cmpsite, Surf. & Cat. Tech., (1996). w wz

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