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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 48, N. 1, pp. 69~73, 011. DOI: /KCERS Structural and Crrsive Prperties f ZrO Thin Films using N O as a Reactive Gas by RF Reactive Magnetrn Sputtering Seung Hyun Jee, Sek Hee Lee, Jng Hyuk Baek*, Jun Hwan Kim*, and Yung S Yn Department f Materials Science and Engineering, Ynsei University, Seul , Krea *Krea Atmic Energy Research Institute, Daejen , Krea (Received Nvember 5, 010; Revised December 8, 010; Accepted December 14, 010) N O ƒ w RF Reactive Magnetrn Sputtering w ZrO p xá Á x*á½ y*á w œw *w ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT A ZrO thin film as a crrsin prtective layer was depsited n Zircaly-4 (Z-4) clad material using N O as a reactive gas by RF reactive magnetrn sputtering at rm temperature. The Z-4 substrate was lcated in plasma r ut f plasma during the ZrO depsitin prcess t investigate mechanical and crrsive prperties fr the plasma immersin. Tetragnal and mnclinic phases were existed in ZrO thin film immersed in plasma. We bserved that a grain size f the ZrO thin film immersed in plasma state is larger than that f the ZrO thin film ut f plasma state. In additin, the crrsive prperty f the ZrO thin films in the plasma was characterized using the weight gains f Z-4 after the crrsin test. Cmpared with the ZrO thin film immersed ut f plasma, the weight gains f ZrO thin film immersed in plasma were larger. These results indicate that the ZrO film with the tetragnal phase in the ZrO can prtect the Z-4 frm crrsive phenmena. Key wrds : Prtective layer, N O reactive gas, Zircnium xide(zro ), Cladding material, Crrsin 1. ZrO Ÿw,», yw p w Ÿw,» j œw s š. 1,) ZrO Sl-Gel, 3) Metal Organic Chemical Vapr Depsitin, 4) Electrnbeam Evapratin, 5) In-beam-assisted depsitin, 6) Atmic layer depsitin, 7) Sputtering w 8-10) pressurized water š., ZrO reactr (PWR) fuel assembly v Zircaly- 4 (Z-4) y š. š š 11) nuclear reactr Z-4 t y ƒ w wù, w w» w w. ZrO mnclinic Crrespnding authr : Yung S Yn ynys@ynsei.ac.kr Tel : Fax : tetragnal ƒ w x w, ƒ mnclinic nuclear reactr peratin Z-4 t y x w w, tetragnal Z-4 t y z ü. w x mnclinic tetragnal Oxygen y. Z- 4 y y ZrO tetragnal Z-4 w. 1,13) Z-4 t ZrO y z» w, plasma immersin RF reactive magnetrn sputtering ZrO p p.. x Z-4 y w zircnium dixide (ZrO ) n- 69
2 70 xá Á xá½ yá Fig. 1. ZrO -depsited semi-cylindrical zircaly-4 cladding materials. axis-type RF magnetrn sputtering, Zr metal target w Ar gas (99.99%) N O reactive gas (99.99%)» w, N O 10, 30, 50% ƒƒ w.»q m xk Z-4 w, Grid SiC paper» 1 w z yw Pickling Slutin(5% HF, 45% HNO 3, 50% H O yw ) w œ ww. Z-4 q» acetne isprpyl alchl yw ü 10 w. RF magnetrn sputtering w ZrO w», zircnium sputtering target t w y w» w RF sputtering Pwer 00 W Ar + in plasma w pre-sputtering ww, 5 10 Trr 0-3 w. sputtering v (utplasma) k S1, S3, S5 w, v ü (in-plasma) k S, S4, S6 w. ut-plasma k Zr target»q 1 cm, in-plasma k Zr target» q 5cm, Fig. 1 ZrO ƒ RF magnetrn sputtering w m Z-4. w» w, X-ray Diffractin(XRD) w, Scanning electrn micrscpy (SEM) w, t p w. Rutherfrd backscatering spectrmetry (RBS) w N O gas ZrO w. p sƒ American Sciety fr Testing and Materials (ASTM) w static autclave 10.3 MPa, 400 C steam 3~30 ww. 3. š ZrO 3ƒ. ZrO mnclinic. š tetragnal cubic ( ) wì. Fig. N O ƒ 10, 30, 50% ƒƒ y j w r XRD. Outplasma k w r S1, S3, S5 mnclinic(-111) ƒ ùkû, tetragnal ùkù. ù in-plasma k w r S, S4, S6 mnclinic(-111), tetragnal(00) ƒ w y w, tetragnal(00) N O gas 10% 30% w ù, 50% w ùkû. v y y N O»q ww ƒ. y y»q ƒw»q p»w. ZrO y j œ w., ZrO w w. w Fig.. XRD analysis f ZrO thin film by plasma immersing effect. w wz
3 N O 반응 가스를 주입한 RF Reactive Magnetrn Sputtering에 의한 ZrO Fig. 3. Surface images f ZrO thin films fr Plasma immersing effect. 효과는 만약 기판이 in-plasma에 위치해 있을 때 더욱 더 주되게 일어나게 되며, 이러한 이온 충격효과는 ZrO 박 막의 tetragnal을 더욱 야기하는 것으로 판단할 수 있다. Fig. 3은 분위기 반응 gas를 N O로 변화시킨 후 증착한 ZrO 박막의 표면을 FESEM에 의해 측정한 결과이다. ZrO 박막의 측정 결과, in-plasma 상태에서 증착한 ZrO 박막이 ut-plasma 상태에서 증착한 ZrO 박막보다 표면 거칠기가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. In-plasma 상태에 서 증착한 시편의 경우 평균 입자 사이즈는 약 0 nm로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 O 에서 증착한 결과에 비해서 매우 큰 입자사이즈를 갖는 것으로 분석되었으며, N O 의 분위기 반응가스가 O 분위기 반응가스에 비해 가스 와의 반응성이 상대적으로 우수하여, 동일 조건대비 큰 입자사이즈를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. Fig. 4는 FESEM에 의해 각 조건에서 증착한 ZrO 박 막의 단면(crss sectin)을 측정한 결과이다. 측정 결과, ut-plasma 상태에서 증착한 시편의 경우 평균 90 nm의 두 께를 나타낸 것으로 분석되었으며, in-plasma 상태에서는 평균 180 nm의 두께를 나타낸 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 시편에서는 granular structure가 나타났으며, pre 등의 박 막 결함들은 나타나지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 결과적으 로, 모든 ZrO 박막에서 결함이 없는 치밀한 구조를 보이 는 ZrO 박막이 형성되었음을 FESEM 결과를 통해서 알 14) 9) Fig. 4. 박막의 구조 및 부식특성 연구 71 Crss-sectin images f ZrO thin films fr Plasma immersing effect. 수 있었다. N O 가스 분율에 따른 박막의 질소 원소의 검출 여부 를 알아보기 위해 RBS를 이용하여 증착한 ZrO 박막의 조성비를 분석하였다. Fig. 5는 본 연구에서 증착한 ZrO 박막의 시편의 조성비를 분석한 결과이다. N O의 분율이 10%에서 제작된 S1 박막의 경우, Zr O 로써 이론적인 수치에 비해 O 의 조성비가 다소 높은 것으로 분석되었 으며, N O의 분율이 50%에서 증착한 S5 시편의 경우, Zr O N 로 질소 성분이 검출되었다. 결과적으로, N O 의 분율이 낮은부분에서는 질소 성분이 검출되지 않았으 나, 점차 증가함에 따라 질소 성분이 검출된 것으로 분석 되었다. 이는 N O의 분율이 50%에서 tetragnal 구조가 나 타나지 않는 이유는 ZrO 박막 내의 질소성분이 박막 형성 시 tetragnal 구조의 형성을 방해하는 것으로 추측할 수 있 다. 그러므로, N O 가스를 이용한 RF magnetrn Sputtering 을 이용한 ZrO 박막의 최적의 N O 가스 분율은 약 10% 였다. 부식 특성 분석은 ASTM-G 절차에 따라 400 C steam 분위기에서 실시하였고, 시편들의 무게 증가량을 측 정하여 부식특성을 분석하였다. Fig. 6 (a), (b)는 400 C 수 증기 분위기에서 부식 특성을 분석한 결과를 보여주고 있 다. Fig. 6 (a)는 ut-plasma 상태에서 증착한 시편의 부식 특성 결과를 나타내고 있다. 15일후에 분석한 시편에서는 ) 제 48 권 제1호(011)
4 7 xá Á xá½ yá Fig. 5. Stichimetry f ZrO thin films by RBS fr Plasma immersing effect. Fig. 6. Crrsin prperties f Zircaly-4 with ZrO films. N Oƒ 30% w r ƒ û ƒ š ù, 3 z w r 30 z w r ƒ š w ƒ û ƒ r N O 10% r ƒ mg/dm mg/dm ƒ û ƒ š. w in-plasma k w r. In-plasma k w r N O 10% r ƒ mg/dm mg/dm ƒw ùkû. N O ƒ ƒw w ZrO ü p w j w. w, ƒ in-plasma k w r ƒ ut-plasma k w r û ƒ š. w tetragnal ƒ zircaly- 4 cladding p w j w wù ùküš. 4. Z-4 y ZrO N O ƒ w n-axis RF magnetrn sputtering w. ZrO p XRD, SEM w. Nn-immersed in plasma k ZrO mnclinic immersed in plasma k ZrO tetragnal wì. RBS d mw N O ƒ ZrO y w. 30 l p z, sample weight gain immersed in plasma k ZrO ùkü. weight gain w ù tetragnal ƒƒ w wz
5 N O ƒ w RF Reactive Magnetrn Sputtering w ZrO p 73. w ZrO RF magnetrn sputtering immersin plasmaƒ tetragnal»w š Z-4 w j ùkü. Acknwledgment This wrk was supprted by the Natinal Research Fundatin f Krea(NRF) grant funded by the Krea gvernment(mest) (N.: ) REFERENCES 1. S.-H. Chae, Y.-W. Kim, I.-H. Sng, H.-D. Kim, and J. S. Bae, Effects f Template Size and Cntent n Prsity and Strength f Macrprus Zircnia Ceramics(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 46 [1] (009).. K.-H. Lee, J.-P. Ahn, J.-S. Park, Y.-S. Lee, and B.-H. Lee, Preparatin and Characterizatin f Black Clr Zircnia by Impregnatin Methd Used by Graphite(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 46 [4] (009). 3. M. I. Malet, L. I. Slvjeva, E. P. Turevskaya, K. A. Vrtilv, and M. I. Yanvskaya, Alkxy-Derived Y O 3 -stabilized ZrO Thin-Films, Thin Slid Films, 49 [1] 1-5 (1994). 4. J. S. Kim, H. A. Marzuk, and P. J. Reucrft, Depsitin and Structural Characterizatin f ZrO and Yttria-Stabilized ZrO Films by Chemical-Vapr- Depsitin, Thin Slid Films, 54 [1] 33-8 (1995). 5. D. D. Hass, P. A. Parrish, and H. N. G. Wadley, Electrn Beam Directed Vapr Depsitin f Thermal Barrier Catings, J. Vac. Sci. Technl. A, 16 [6] (1998). 6. N. Snnenberg, A. S. Lng, M. J. Cima, B. P. Chang, K. G. Ressler, P. C. McIntyre, and Y. P. Liu, Preparatin f Biaxially Aligned Cubic Zircnia Films n Pyrex Glass Substrates Using In-beam Assisted Depsitin, J. Appl. Phys., 74 [] (1993). 7. J. H. Lee, J.H K, H. S. Shim, and H. T. Jen, Characteristic f ZrO Films Depsited by Using the Atmic Layer Depsitin Methd, J. Kr. Phys. Sc., (004). 8. Nbuya Iwamt, Yuki Makin, and Masayshi Kamai, Characterizatin f Rf-sputtered Zircnia Catings, Thin Slid Films, (1987). 9. S. Ben Amr, B. Rgier, G. Baud, M. Jacquet, and M. Nardin, Characterizatin f Zircnia Films Depsited by r.f. Magnetrn Sputtering, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 57 [1] 8-39 (1998). 10. Ku D.H. and Chien C.H., Grwth and Prperties f Sputtered Zircnia and Zircnia-silica Thin Films, Thin Slid Films, 49 [1] 40-5 (003). 11. S. H. Kim, K. H. Lee, J. H. K, and Y. S. Yn, Structural and Crrsive Prperties f ZrO Thin Films n Zircaly-4 by RF Reactive Magnetrn Sputtering, J. Kr. Phys. Sc., 49 [3] (006). 1. J. H. Baek, Y. H. Jeng, and I. S. Kim, Effects f the Accumulated Annealing Parameter n the Crrsin Characteristics f a Zr-0.5Nb-1.0Sn-0.5Fe- 0.5Cr Ally, J. Nucl. Mat., (000). 13. J. B. Kang, Mechanical Prperties Observatin f Ce-TZP Ceramics by Quantity Change f CeO (in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 47 [5] (010). 14. S. H. Chi, J. S. Kim, and Y. S. Yn, Effect f Plasma Immersin n Crystallinity f V O 5 Film Grwn by dc Reactive Sputtering at Rm Temperature, Thin Slid Films, 493 [1] 1-5 (005). 48«1y(011)
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