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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 47, N. 6, pp. 509~514, 010. DOI: /KCERS Effect f Template Cntent n Micrstructure and Flexural Strength f Prus Mullite-Bnded Silicn Caride Ceramics Yung-Hn Chi, Yung-Wk Kim, Sang-Kuk W*, and In-Su Han* Functinal Ceramics Laratry, Department f Materials Science and Engineering, The University f Seul, Seul 10-74, Krea *Energy Materials Research Center, Krea Institute f Energy Research, Daejen 05-4, Krea (Received Septemer 9, 010; Accepted Octer 9, 010)»œx w œ Mullite-Bnded SiC e w zá½ Á *Áw * w œw *w» l ( ; ) ABSTRACT Prus mullite-nded SiC (MBSC) ceramics were faricated at temperatures ranging frm 1400 t 1500 C fr h using silicn caride (SiC), alumina (Al ), strntium xide (SrO), and ply (methyl methacrylate-cethylene glycl dimethacrylate) (PMMA) micreads. The effect f template cntent n prsity, pre mrphlgy, and flexural strength were investigated. The prsity increased with increasing the template cntent at the same sintering temperature. The flexural strength shwed maximum after sintering at 1450 C/ h fr all specimens due t small pres and dense strut. By cntrlling the template cntent and sintering temperature, it was pssile t prduce prus MBSC ceramics with prsities ranging frm 0% t 54%. A maximum flexural strength f ~51 MPa was tained at 0% prsity when n template were used and specimens sintered at 1450 C/ h. Key wrds : Silicn caride, Mullite, Mullite-nded silicn caride, Prsity, Flexural strength 1. ky³ (SiC) w w œ w, ü, ü, w p w š. ky³»œ ƒw œ ky³ p m» w vl, š ƒ vl, vl üyq š w œ ky³ p»œ x, j»,»œ,»œ w œ» w, q, w ü w w. 1-10) œ ky³ š ƒ vl Crrespnding authr : Yung-Wk Kim ywkim@us.ac.kr Tel : Fax : w,,, w v w, p ky ³ w m, y³, y³, p(mullite) ky³ w. w p ky³ 1,11-1) w q š, w, üyw, š» w w ky³ w ƒ w ) p w ky³ (mullite-nded silicn caride, MBSC) ky³ Al sww»œx ƒw x w z,»œx w œ œ p w š, w p ky³ ww 0-) ƒ SiC w w t ƒ û. š ƒ vl w» w t SiC (~90 µm) Al Al 509

2 최영훈 김영욱 우상국 한인섭 510 Sample Designatin and Batch Cmpsitin f MulliteBnded SiC Ceramics Cmpsitin (wt%) Sample Remark Designatin SiCa AlO PMMAc SrOd (Template Cntent) N MBSC Template MBSC wt% MBSC wt% MBSC wt% MBSC wt% a ~90 µm, #150, Chemgrit C. Ltd., Hng Kng ~0.4 µm, 99.9% pure, Sumitm Chemical C., Tky, Japan c ~0 µm, SIGMA-ALDRICH Inc., St. Luis, USA d 98% pure, High Purity Chemicals, Osaka, Japan Tale 1. 말을 사용하고, 기공형성제로서 고분자 미세구를 사용하 고, 소결첨가제로서 최근에 성능이 입증된 SrO 분말을 첨 가하여, in-situ 결합재 형성 공정으로 다공질 MBSC 세 라믹스를 제조하는 공정을 고찰하였고, 소결온도 및 단일 분포를 갖는 고분자 미세구의 함량 (0, 10, 1, 15, 0 wt%) 변화가 다공질 MBSC 세라믹스의 미세조직 및 강도에 미 치는 영향을 고찰하였다. ). 실험방법 출발원료로 대립 SiC (~90 µm, Chemgrit C., Ltd., Hng Kng) 분말과 Al O (~0.4 µm, 99.9% pure, Sumitm Chemical C., Tky, Japan) 분말을 사용하였고, 기공형 성제로 ~0 µm 크기를 갖는 PMMA 미세구 (ply methyl methacrylate-cethylene glycl dimethacrylate, Sigma Aldrich Inc., St. Luis, USA)를 사용하였다. 또한, 소결첨가제로서 SrO (High Purity Chemicals Ltd., Tky, Japan)를 사용 하였으며, 성형공정의 결합재로 7%의 plyethylene glycl 을 첨가하였다. 원료조합은 Tale 1에서 보여주는데 각 원료조합은 대 립 SiC 분말과 소결첨가제를 각각 54. wt%와 wt%로 고정시키고 0 µm 크기의 PMMA 미세구를 사용하여 미 세구의 총 함량을 0, 10, 1, 15, 0 wt%로 변화시켜 5가 지 원료조합을 준비하였다. 출발원료 조합은 SiC볼과 폴리프로필렌 병을 사용하여, 증류수를 용매로 4시간 동안 볼밀링 (all milling) 함으 로서 혼합하였다. 혼합 후에는 건조 공정을 거친 후, 5 mm 8 mm 5 mm 크기의 직육면체 형태의 시편으로 상온에서 50 MPa의 압력으로 일축가압성형 하여, 각 배 치 당 각 5개씩 성형하였다. 그리고 제조된 성형체는 전 한국세라믹학회지 Fig. 1. Effect f PMMA cntent n the micrstructure f prus mullite-nded SiC ceramics sintered at 1450C fr h in air: (a) MBSC1, () MBSC, (c) MBSC4, and (d) MBSC5 (refer t Tale 1). 기로를 사용하여 공기 분위기에서 4 C/min의 속도로 1400, 1450, 1500 C에서 시간 동안 소결하였다. 제조된 시편의 부피밀도(ulk density, D )는 질량(g) 대 부피(V)비로부터 계산하였다. D (g/cm ) = M (g) / V (cm ) (1) 기공률(P)은 부피밀도와 이론밀도(D )를 가지고 아래와 같은 식을 사용하여 계산하였다. th 1) P (%) = (1 D / D ) 100 th () 제조된 MBSC 세라믹스의 미세조직은 주사전자현미경 (SEM, S-400, Hitachi C., Japan)을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 시편의 기계적 물성은 꺾임강도 값을 측정하였는데, 만능 시험기(Instrn 4461, Nrwd C., USA)를 사용하였고 0 mm span을 사용하여 0.5 mm/min의 crss-head 속도로 점 꺾임강도를 측정하였다.. 결과 및 고찰 Fig. 1은 소결조건을 1450 C/ h으로 고정하고, 0 µm 크 기의 미세구 함량을 변화시켜 제조한 다공질 MBSC 세 라믹스의 파단면을 보여준다. 첨가된 0 µm PMMA 미세 구의 함량이 0, 10, 1, 15, 0 wt%로 증가함에 따라, 기 공률은 각각 0, 41, 4, 47, 5%로 증가하였다. 미세조직 을 살펴보면 PMMA 미세구를 첨가하지 않은 경우에는 파단면에서 구형의 기공이 관찰되지 않는 반면에 0 µm PMMA 미세구를 첨가한 경우에는 최대 150 µm까지의 불 규칙한 모양의 길다란 기공구조가 관찰되었다. 한편, PMMA 미세구의 함량이 10%에서 0%로 증가함에 따라

3 기공형성제 함량이 다공질 Mullite-Bnded SiC 세라믹스의 미세구조와 강도에 미치는 영향 Fig Typical fracture surfaces f prus mullite-nded SiC ceramics sintered at 1450C fr h in air: (a) MBSC and (d) MBSC5 (refer t Tale 1). 기공 크기가 약 0~0 µm에서 40~60 µm로 증가하였고, 기공의 형상이 구형에서 불규칙적인 형상으로 변하는 부 분이 많아짐을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 이러한 불규칙한 형상 의 대형 기공의 형성은 0 µm PMMA 미세구의 함량이 증가함에 따라 서로 접촉할 수 있는 기회가 많아져, 미세 구가 응집되어서 생긴 기공이다. 본 연구에서 사용한 SiC 입자의 평균 크기는 90 µm로써 매우 조대하기 때문에 이 러한 대형 기공의 형성을 방지하기가 매우 어려웠다. Fig. 는 1450 C에서 시간 동안 소결한 시편으로서, 0 µm PMMA를 10 wt% 첨가한 다공질 MBSC 시편과 0 wt% 첨가한 MBSC5 시편의 파단면을 보여준다. 미세 구조 사진에서 보듯이 SiC 입자 주변에 뮬라이트 (Al O SiO ) 상이 형성되었고 이러한 뮬라이트와 SiC 입자간 의 결합이 잘 이루어져 있음을 관찰할 수 있다. PMMA 미세구의 함량이 서로 다른 두 시편이지만, 소결온도와 시간이 같기 때문에 SiC 입자의 크기나 입자간의 결합 정 도는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 PMMA 미세구 함 량이 10 wt%에서 0 wt%로 증가함에 따라 기공률은 41% 에서 5%로 증가하였다. 제조된 다공질 MBSC 세라믹스 의 X-선 회절분석 결과는 이전의 연구결과와 비슷한 결 과를 보여주었고, 1400~1500 C의 온도 범위에서 시 간 동안 소결한 결과, α-sic, 뮬라이트, SiO (crystalite), 그리고 α-al O 의 peak의 존재를 나타냈으며, SiO 와 Al O 상의 intensity는 약한 반면에 뮬라이트의 intensity 상대적으로 강하게 나타났다. X-선 회절분석 결과는 모든 소결온도에서 뮬라이트가 합성되었음을 보여주며 특히, 1450 C에서 소결하였을 때 뮬라이트의 intensity가 가장 강 하게 나타났다. 이는 1400 C에서는 뮬라이트상의 합성 반 응이 느려서 소결시간 동안에 뮬라이트상의 합성이 완성 되지 않았고, 1500 C에서는 SiC의 산화가 촉진되어 SiO 상의 형성이 너무 많았기 때문이다. Fig. 은 PMMA 미세구의 함량과 소결온도의 변화에 따른 다공질 MBSC 세라믹스의 기공률 변화를 보여준다. 미세구를 첨가하지 않고 1400~1500 C의 온도범위에서 시간 동안 소결한 시편은 0~1% 범위의 기공률을 나타 냈고, 0 µm 미세구를 첨가하여 1400~1500 C의 온도범위 Fig.. Effects f template cntent and sintering temperature n prsity f MBSC specimens. ) 1,) Fig. 4. Effect f sintering temperature n strut micrstructure f prus mullite-nded SiC ceramics cntaining 10 wt% template: (a) 1400C, () 1450C, and (c) 1500C. 에서 시간 동안 소결한 시편들은 41~54% 범위의 기공 률을 나타냈다. 소결조건과 PMMA 미세구의 크기(0 µm) 가 동일 할 때 첨가된 기공형성제 함량이 증가함에 따라 기공률이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며 이러한 경향은 및 다공 PMMA를 기공형성제로 첨가한 다공질 SiC 질 뮬라이트 세라믹스에서도 관찰되었다. 또한, 첨가된 PMMA 미세구의 함량이 동일 할 때 소결온도가 1400 C 에서 1450 C로 증가함에 따라 기공률이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 소결온도가 1500 C로 높아짐에 따라 기공률은 다시 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 상기 결과는 X-선 회절 분석결과 1450 C에서 뮬라이트상의 합성이 최대화 된 것 과 관련이 있으며, 1450 C에서 기공벽 (stut) 부분의 소결 이 최적화됨을 나타낸다. Fig. 4는 0 µm 미세구를 10 wt% 첨가하여 1400~1500 C의 온도범위에서 시간 동안 소결 4,5) 17) 제 47 권 제6호(010)

4 51 zá½ Á Áw Fig. 5. Effects f template cntent and sintering temperature n flexural strength f MBSC specimens. w y œ MBSC» œ»œ e y. Fig. 4 () 1450 C w»œ ùkü 1400 C (Fig. 4 (a)) 1500 C (Fig. 4 (c)) w»œ e w. w 1500 C (Fig. 4 (c)) w 1400 C (Fig. 4 (a)) w» œ»œ e w x, w»œ e yƒ Fig. œ MBSC»œ y w. Fig. 5 w y œ MBSC š y. Fig. 5 PMMA w ƒ w š ƒ w w ùkþ. w ƒ»œ ƒ gš (Fig. ), w ƒ w». ƒƒ ƒw r 0 µm ƒw r ùkþš, ƒ w w 1450 C/ h ƒ ùkþ. Fig. 4»œ e yƒ 1450 C y». œ MBSC»œx w 14~51 MPa ùkþ 1450 C/ h š ƒw»œ 0% 51 MPa ƒ ùkþš, 10 wt% ƒw»œ 41% 4 MPa ùkþ. 1) ƒ ƒw š, 65 µm SiC w 1550 C w»œ 7% 9 MPa ƒ š. ù ƒ SrO ƒw j SiC (90 µm) Fig. 6. Flexural strength f the prus mullite-nded SiC ceramics sintered at 1400 C~1500 C fr h in air as a functin f prsity: (a) Effect f sintering temperature and () Effect f template cntent. wš ƒ 100 C û š,»œ ƒ. ƒ SrOƒ (flux) w w p w û š,»œ e y w». š»œx w š w» w Fig. 5»œ w ùk ü š, Fig. 6. Fig. 6,»œ ƒ x š, œ»œ ƒw ƒ w w ùkþ. œ MBSC»œ w»œx w ƒ j w š, k w ùkü.»œx w y»œ wù,»œ w wz

5 »œx w œ Mullite-Bnded SiC e w 51 e y w, w e. 4. (~90 µm) SiC j (~0.4 µm) Al ƒ wt% SrO ƒw, 0 µm j» PMMA w y g 1400 ~1500 C w»œ ƒ œ MBSC w. w, œ MBSC»œ PMMA w ƒw ƒw š, PMMA w w ƒ 1450 C, ƒ û»œ. PMMA w w œ MBSC»œ 0~54% w ƒ w.» œ œ MBSC š»œx w ƒw w š, ƒ w w 1450 C/ h ƒ w. ƒ œ MBSC»œ e y w», 1450 C/ h»œ ƒ e w»œ jš ƒ g. œ MBSC š»œ 41% 4 MPa. Acknwledgment (The Ministry f Knwledge Ecnmy)» w l v p y w,. REFERENCES 1. J. She, T. Ohji, and Z. Y. Deng, Thermal Shck Behavir f Prus Silicn Caride Ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 85 [8] 15-7 (00).. J. S. Lee, D. M. Chi, C. B. Kim, S. H. Lee, and S. C. Chi, Grwth f Silicn Caride Nanwires n Prus Silicn Caride Ceramics y a Carthermal Reductin Prcess, J. Ceram. Prcess. Res., 8 [] (007).. B. H. Yn, C. S. Park, H. E. Kim, and Y. H. Kh, In Situ Synthesis f Prus Silicn Caride (SiC) Ceramics Decrated with SiC Nanwires, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 90 [1] (007). 4. M. Fukushima, Y. Zhu, Y. I. Yshizawa, and K. Hira, Water Vapr Crrsin Behavir f Prus Silicn Caride Memrane Supprt, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (008). 5. Y.-W. Kim, J. H. Em, C. Wang, and C. B. Park, Prcessing f Prus Silicn Caride Ceramics frm Carn- Filled Plysilxane y Extrusin and Carthermal Reductin, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 91 [4] (008). 6. K. Y. Lim, Y.-W. Kim, S. K. W, and I. S. Han, Effect f Carn Surce n Prsity and Flexural Strength f Prus Self-Bnded Silicn Caride Ceramics(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 45 [7] 40-7 (008). 7. S. H. Chae, Y.-W. Kim, I. H. Sng, H. D. Kim, J. S. Bae, S. M. Na, and S. I. Kim, Lw Temperature Prcessing and Prperties f Prus Frit-Bnded SiC Ceramics(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 46 [5] (009). 8. K. Y. Lim, Y.-W. Kim, S. K. W, and I. S. Han, Effect f Aluminum Additin n Prsity and Flexural Strength f Prus Self-Bnded Silicn Caride Ceramics(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 46 [5] 50-4 (009). 9. G. S. Ch, G. M. Kim, and S. W. Park, Faricatin f Prus Reactin Bnded Silicn Caride with Multi-Layered Pre Structures(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 46 [5] 54-9 (009). 10. M. K. Shin, I. S. Han, D. W. Se, S. Kim, S. K. W, S. W. Lee, and Y.-W. Kim, Faricatin and Prperties f the SiC Candle Filter y Vacuum Extrusin and Ramming Prcess(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 46 [6] (009). 11. Y. S. Chun and Y.-W. Kim, Prcessing and Mechanical Prperties f Prus Silica-Bnded Silicn Caride Ceramics, Met. Mater. Int., 11 [5] (005). 1. J. H. Em, Y.-W. Kim, S. K. W, and I. S. Han, Effect f Sumicrn Silicn Caride Pwder Additin n the Prcessing and Strength f Reactin-Sintered Mullite-Silicn Caride Cmpsites, J. Ceram. Sc. Jpn., 117 [4] 41-5 (009). 1. Y. H. Chi, Y.-W. Kim, S. K. W, and I. S. Han, Effect f Starting SiC Particle Size n Nitridatin and Strength f Silicn Nitride-Bnded Silicn Caride Ceramics (in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 47 [] (010). 14. K. S. Mazdiyazni and L. M. Brwn, Synthesis and Mechanical Prperties f Stichimetric Aluminum Silicate (Mullite), J. Am. Ceram. Sc., (197). 15. M. I. Osendi and C. Baudin, Mechanical Prperties f Mullite Materials, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (1996). 16. S. H. Hng and G. L. Messing, Develpment f Textured Mullite y Template Grain Grwth, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 8 [4] (1999). 17. Y.-W. Kim, H. D. Kim, and C. B. Park, Prcessing f Micrcellular Mullite, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 88 [1] (005). 18. H. Schneider, J. Schreuer, and B. Hildmann, Structure and Prperties f Mullite-A Review, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (008). 19. S. H. Kim, H. G. Bang, and S. Y. Park, Synthesis f Mullite Whisker frm Fly Ash(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 4 [11] (005). 0. S. Ding, S. Zhu, Y. Zeng, and D. Jiang, Effect f Y Additin n the Prperties f Reactin-Bnded Prus SiC 47«6y(010)

6 514 zá½ Á Áw Ceramics, Ceram. Int., (006). 1. J. H. Em, Y.-W. Kim, and, S. K. W, Effect f Alumina Cntent n Flexural Strength f Prus Mullite-Bnded Silicn Caride Ceramics, J. Ceram. Prcess. Res., 10 [] (009).. B. V. Manj Kumar, J. H. Em, Y.-W. Kim, I. S. Han, and S. K. W, Effect f Aluminum Surce n Flexural Strength f Mullite-Bnded Prus Silicn Caride Ceramics, J. Ceram. Sc. Jpn., 118 [1] 1-8 (010).. Y. H. Chi, Y.-W. Kim, S. K. W, and I. S. Han, Effect f Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Additin n Flexural Strength f Prus Mullite-Bnded Silicn Caride Ceramics, J. Mater. Sci., 45 [4] (010). 4. S. H. Lee and Y.-W. Kim, Prcessing f Cellular SiC Ceramics Using Plymer Micreads, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 4 [8] (006). 5. J. H. Em and Y.-W. Kim, Effect f Template Size n Micrstructure and Strength f Prus Silicn Caride Ceramics, J. Ceram. Sc. Jpn., 116 [10] (008). w wz

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