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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 45, N. 2, pp. 132~137, Pre Structure Mdificatin and Characterizatin f Prus Crdierite with Chemical Vapr Infiltratin (CVI) SiC Whisker Ik Whan Kim, Jun Gyu Kim, Hwan sup Lee, and D Jin Chi Department f Advanced Material Science and Engineering, Ynsei University, Seul , Krea (Received January 28, 2008; Accepted February 20, 2008) yw ky³ { f w œ g p»œ p sƒ ½ yá½ ³Á y Á w œw ( ; ) ABSTRACT The main purpse f this study is enhancing the filtering efficiency, perfrmance and durability f filter by grwing SiC whiskers n crdierite hneycmb substrate. The experiment was perfrmed by Chemical Vapr Infiltratin (CVI) in rder t cntrl pre mrphlgy f substrate. Increasing the mechanical strength f prus substrate is ne f imprtant issues. The frmatin f netwrking structure in the pre f prus substrate increased mechanical strength. The high pressure gas injectin t the specimen shwed that a little f whiskers were separated frm substrate but additinal film cating enhanced the stability f whisker at high pressure gas injectin. Particle trap test was perfrmed. Mre nan-particle was trapped by whisker grwth at the pre f substrate. Therefre it is expected that the prus crdierite which depsited the SiC whisker will be the prmising material fr the applicatin as filter trapping the nan-particles. Key wrds : Silicn carbide, Whisker, Netwrking structure, Pre size 1. x w y y, y w ƒw œ w y w ƒ y w š. 1) y» d ƒ yw» ƒwš, ƒ ƒ e y ³ e j s yw ùƒš» š. w y» w w w. 2) w œ, yw,» ù p ww ƒ y š.» y vl x ù ƒ š z Crrespnding authr : D Jin Chi drchidj@ynsei.ac.kr Tel : Fax : e(dpf) š. w vl š y yw, ƒ ƒyw y», yw,» w» w». w g k y³ (SiC)ù g p (crdierite) w š.» œ vl»œ x mw vl z,» k œ w. yw» e (chemical vapr infilteratin : CVI) 3) k y³ { f(whisker) œ w»œ x w» n w y w t» ƒ j œ w. x { f w öe š e { f y w š w, vl w w» n, š ƒ, s z w w. 132
2 yw ky³ { f w œ g p»œ p sƒ x { f w s xk (turbulent flw) w» w yw» w. ky³ w 4) sx» ³ k w swwš yw»ƒ w MTS (methyltrichlrsilane ; CH 3 SiCl 3, Acrs Organics C., U.S.A) w. 5)» w» w,» 0C wš» sx» 55.8 trr w. 6)»» ƒ H 2 /MTS» (α) w. { f w 1100 C, 1200 C, 1300 C ƒƒ» 100, 200, ~ 60 w š, ƒ w 1200 C» 4 10 w w. { f w» w»q 35% prsity 11 µm s³»œ j» ƒ, x vl š g p[(mg 2 Al 4 Si 5 O 18 ), ( ) f, Krea)] w. { f y w X-ray diffractmeter (Rigaku. C. D/max rint2000) w. w» w scanning electrn micrscpe(sem, Hitachi S-2700) w { f d w» w d SEM w. vl» p w { f z sƒw» w Universal Testing Machine (H10K-C, Hunsfield Test Equipment Ltd., U.K.) w. { f k r vl z d w» w pwder(batio 3-50 nm : 0.4 g, 300 nm : 0.3 g, 400 nm : 0.3 g)ƒ r prus wall mw n k z d w š,»œ»œ j» s d w mercury prsimeter (AutpreIII 9410, Micrmeritics C., U.S.A) w.» mw Fig. 1. XRD analysis result with different depsitin temperature as 1100 C, 1200 C, 1300 C (α = 100, fr 60 min). 45«2y(2008)
3 김익환 김준규 이환섭 최두진 134 출되는 gas의 순간적인 최대 압력은 70 bar까지 다다르며 이에 휘스커의 고압 가스 분사 안정성 측정을 위해 약 70 bar의 질소 기체를 시편에 분사하였다. 기체 투과율의 큰 감소는 배압(back pressure) 증가와 이에 따른 자동차 의 연비 상승으로 이어지게 된다. 이에 기체투과율을 측 정하고자 질소 가스를 이용하였다. 3. 결과 및 고찰 증착 온도에 따른 탄화규소 휘스커의 증착 거동 Fig. 1은 X-선 회절 분석 결과이며 증착온도 1100 C~ 1300 C 영역 모두에서 SiC의 (111), (220), (311) 면에 대 한 peak이 나타난 것을 볼 때 증착된 휘스커는 β-sic 상 으로 이루어져 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 입력기체비 100, 증착시간 10분의 동일한 입력기체비와 증착시간에서 증착온도 1100 C, 1200 C, 1300 C의 조건으 로 증착시킨 기공 내부와 외부의 탄화규소 휘스커의 SEM 이미지를 Fig. 2에 나타내었다. 표면의 기공이 막힘 현상 없이 외부의 기공뿐만 아니라 내부 기공에도 그물망 구조 의 휘스커들이 성장하여 있는 모습을 확인할 수 있다. 휘 스커의 성장 시 휘스커의 작은 직경, 큰 장경비, 그리고 낮은 성장률에 의하여 canning effect 를 막을 수 있기 때 문에 내부 기공에서도 휘스커의 성장이 이루어 진다. 각 3.1 7) Fig. 3. The graph f diameter (a) and line density (b) with varius depsitin temperature (T = 1100 ~ 1300 C, α = 100, fr 10 min). dep. 온도 영역에서 성장된 휘스커의 직경과 선밀도 변화를 측 정하여 Fig. 3에 나타내었다. Fig. 3(a)의 직경의 결과를 보면 증착온도가 1100 C, 1200 C, 1300 C로 상승할수록 휘스커의 직경이 nm(외부), nm(내부)로 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 온도의 증 가에 따른 휘스커의 직경 증가는 온도 상승에 따른 원료 기체 분해 반응의 증가와 기판 표면에서 흡착된 물질들 의 확산 거리 증가에 의한 것이라고 생각된다. 앞선 연구 에서 공정 온도의 증가는 SiC 증착물에 excessive free carbn을 증가시켜 더 높은 surface energy sites를 생성함 으로써 증착 공정이 활성화되어 휘스커의 직경을 증가 시 킨다고 보고된 바 있다. 이러한 현상은 등방성 그라파이 트 기판에서 발생했지만 다공성 기판을 사용한 본 실험 의 결과와도 일치한다. 이는 본 실험에서 사용된 내부 기 Fig. 2. The SEM images f the whisker grwn with different depsitin temperature at utside pres (a) 1100C, (b) 1200C, (c) 1300C and at inside pres (d) 1100C, (e) 1200C, (f) 1300C (α = 100, fr 10 min). 한국세라믹학회지 8)
4 yw ky³ { f w œ g p»œ p sƒ 135 œ» ƒ enw CVI œ p w»q { f w ƒ ùkù. ü { f ƒ w.»q t ü { f w x»»q t œ l» š 9,10) š œ t H 2»»ƒ œ ü x». w š z H 2 p w ƒ. H 2» j»ƒ û»œ ü en w w»œ ü»». œ»œ x wš { f vl w» w.» œ ƒ ƒ š»œ mw s s w j»ƒ»œ j» w, s w j» w ƒ ù, { f»œ k { s w ƒ».» ƒ 100, 200, C, 1200 C, 1300 C { fƒ g p»q d w Fig. 4 ùkü. œ g p»q 24 MPa» 100 š w 1200 C 150%, 1100 C 133%, 1300 C 125% z š 1200 C,» 100 ƒ 60 MPa. { f»œü w z g p w grain grain ƒ grain w w { f w z ƒ. ƒ ƒ (Fig. 3 (b)) 1200 C» 100, 300 w ƒ s j { fƒ œ» w y w. w 1300 C { f ƒ f ù ù kü 1200 C û { f ƒ» w { f { f ƒ» ƒ j dw. Fig. 5» 100, C, 1200 C, 1300 C y k» n.» œ mw» œ n ü»œ { f w» n w 1100 C, 1200 C, 1300 C ƒ ƒw j»ƒ ƒ w. ƒ { f ƒ(fig. 3(a)) w 1200 C ƒ ƒ wš 1300 C» n { f { f» n j w dw. 3.2 { f z ƒ p y š ƒ { fƒ l ùƒ š» w Fig. 4. The graph f cmpressive strength with variatin f depsitin temperature and input gas rati (T dep. =1100 ~ 1300 C, α = 100 ~ 300, fr 60 min). Fig. 5. The graph f nitrgen gas permeability as a functin f depsitin temperature. (T dep. = 1100 ~ 1300 C, α = 100, fr 30 min) 45«2y(2008)
5 136 ½ yá½ ³Á y Á Fig. 6. The variatin f line density (a) and gas flw rate (b) by inducing high pressure gas (T dep. = 1200 C, α = 100 fr 30 min). 70 bar ƒ z { f» n y w Fig. 6 ùkü. š ƒ w { fƒ l ù š ƒ z ƒ» n»œ w { f w ƒ. Fig. 6(a) r { f k r { f z ky³ ƒ w r j { f. ƒ œ { f ƒw». š š z w ky³ { f k r { f z ky³ ƒ w r ƒ ü j y. w»q t w { f» š w»q ƒ ù»œ ü { f x wš š» ƒ dw. { f z ky³ ƒ w r { f k j š ƒ z ƒ ky³ š ƒ w { f w j š. Fig. 6(b) ky³ { f k r { f z ky³ ƒ w r ƒ š z» n y d w.» ƒ w r û» n { f ƒƒ» n k š ƒ. š { f ƒ j 1300 C (Fig. 3(a))» n ƒ û ew. š z w { f w r ƒ w r» n Fig. 6(a) d e w ƒ { fƒ š ƒ w» š. Fig. 7 bare r, { f w r, { f z ky³ ƒ w r w s x»œj» n ùkü. x bare r, { f z k y³ ƒ w r, { f w r ƒ n. { f»œ j»ƒ w z z w vl s. n r ƒ š s³»œj» w w y w. Fig. 7. The graph abut weight f unfiltered pwder thrugh the bare, nly whisker depsitin, and whisker and additinal film depsitin sample (T dep. =1200 C, α = 100 fr 30 min). w wz
6 yw ky³ { f w œ g p»œ p sƒ { f w r C { f ƒ f ù ƒ ƒ 1200 C 150% ƒ j ƒ» n. { f k r { f z ƒ k r w p w š ƒ w»q l { fƒ ùƒ ƒ ƒ ù s z { f k r ù. w» n,», s z, š ƒ p vlƒ y p w y. { f w œ»œ x w œ w vl ƒ j». Acknwledgment ww» w w,. REFERENCES Membr. Sci., 10 [81] (1985). 2. H. Chung, K. T, Hwang, and D. S Chung, Applicatin f Prus Ceramics in Envirnmental(in Krean), Ceramist, 4 [6] 34-9 (2001). 3. G. E. Yungbld, D. J. Senr, R. H. Jnes, and S. Graham, The Transverse Thermal Cnductivity f 2D-SiCf/SiC Cmpsites, Cmps. Sci. Tech., 62 [9] 1127 (2002). 4. H. S. Ahn and D. J. Chi, Fabricatin f Silicn Carbide Whiskers and Whisker-cntaining Cmpsite Catings withut using a Metallic Catalyst, Surf. Cat. Tech., , (2002). 5. J. Schlichting, Review 13 Chemical Vapr Depsitin f Silicn Carbide, J. Pwder Metall. Int., 12 [ ] (1980). 6. O. J. Klejnt, Alkxychlrsilanes and Alkxysilanes Cntaining Silane Hydrgen, Inrg. Chem. 2 [4] (1963). 7. S. Bertrand, J. F. Lavaud, R. El Hadi, G. Vifnles, and R. Pailler, The Thermal Gradient-Pulse Flw CVI Prcess : a New Chemical Vapr Infiltratin Technique fr the Densificatin f Fibre Prefrems, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., 18 [7] (1998). 8. D. C Lim, Y. J. Lee, and D. J. Chi, A Study f the Effect f Excessive Free Carbn n Mean Diameters Grwn by Chemical Vapr Depsitin, Surf. Cat. Tech (2005). 9. M. Ohring, The Materials Science f Thin Films, pp , Academic Press, Bstn, J. L. Vssen and W. Kern, Thin Films Prcesses II, pp , Academic Press, New Yrk, H. K. Lndate, The Grwth f Membrane Technlgy, J. 45«2y(2008)
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