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1 J. f the Krean Sensrs Sciety Vl. 19, N. 6 (2010) pp DOI : /JSST pissn /eISSN p w» w v y Á Temperature sensr withut reference resistr by indium tin xide and mlybdenum Jen, H Sik and Bae, Byung Seng Abstract Display quality depends n panel temperatures. T cmpensate it, temperature sensr was integrated n the panel. The cnventinal temperature sensr integrated n the panel needs external reference resistr. Since the resistance f external resistr can vary accrding t the variatin f the envirnment temperature, the cnventinal temperature sensr can make errr in temperature sensing. The envirnmental temperatures can change by the back light unit, driving circuits r chips. In this paper, we prpsed a integrated temperature sensr n display panel which des nt need external reference resister. Instead f external reference resistr, we used tw materials which have different temperature cefficient in resistivity. They are cnnected serially and the utput vltage was measured at the pint f cnnectin with the applied vltage t bth ends. The prpsed sensr was fabricated with indium tin xide(ito), and M metal electrde temperature sensr which were cnnected serially. We verified the temperature senr by the measurements f sensitivity, lineality, hysteresis, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. Key Wrds : temperature sensr, indium tin xide(ito), mlybdenum(m), flat panel display 1. p l(thin film transistr ; TFT) w liquid crystal display(lcd)ù rganic light emitting dide(oled) v y q w, p»š, y v y w. LCD ƒ w, e TFT p,» p wš y» t y v fƒ ƒw [1-4]. v f y» ƒ y w v w (Department f Semicnductr & Display Engineering, Hse University) Crrespnding authr : bsbae3@hse.edu (Received : September 26, 2010, Revised : Nvember 4, 2010 Accepted : Nvember 23, 2010)»» yƒ y v ƒ jš rw ƒ j g w. v f» w q w q l wš y v w y y y w šƒ [4,5]. OLED x v e j» ƒw. ƒ ƒw ƒ ƒw š { ƒ ƒ w»ƒ w q t w q y d w š v l y y w y» yƒ y [6]. ù q d w» w w x w q w w w w z e w w w q j»»q yw 483

2 82 y Á Fig. 1. Cnventinal temperature sensr with reference resistr [4,5]. d w». q w œ w»q w x w w w. x w œ s g(lw temperature ply-crystalline silicn: LTPS) TFT p w w [7], cmplementary metal xide semicnductr(cmos) œ w w [8], w w w w [9] Ÿ w [10,11] w. TFT w ù Ÿ w» p yƒ p w w r. TFT w xw y w y w ƒ wwš w q w ƒ t ƒ [4.5]. t Fig. 1. R s ƒ w š, R ref» w. ƒw V DD w w y w» w ƒ w w w w w. ù v t e p ù ƒ z t» w ƒ ¼ w y» w w y g d w.» w š w w w. y w,» w w d rw w w. wš p d w. 2. x 2.1. ITO M w» [4,5] q œ w» w w q t y T w R (1) w. R = L ρ = ρm WD ρ= ρ [ 1+ α( T T )] M = L WD ρ w ùküš, ρ» T w, α. L ¼, W s, D Ì. Ì D q œ w w q v w w» w L W w. LCDù OLED œ s ù s g, n ƒ n ITO(indium tin xide)ƒ š.» w v q xw» w ƒ ƒ v w. ITO ƒ» ITO w» w v xw š Fig. 2 ù. x ITO M(mlybdenum) w. ITO M w w ƒ. Fig. 2 w R M ITO w R ITO w»q R M R ITO w w. Fig. 2 (1) (2) (3) wz 19«6y,

3 p w» w v 83 ρ = ρ [ 1+ α ( T T )] (4) M = km (5) k w»ww w. Fig. 2 wš d w w V ut. Fig. 2. The prpsed temperature sensr with ITO and Mlybdenum. V ut = ρ km ρm+ ρ km V DD kρ [ 1+ α T] = V DD ρ [ 1+ α T] + kρ [ 1+ α T] (6) (7) ƒ. kα ρ kρ V ut ρ ( α α ) 1 = P PQ 1 P V + Q --- DD T (6) Fig. 3. The temperature dependence f resistance f ITO and M. w y R M R ITO w y w» w v d ƒ w. Fig. 3 ITO M w y d w q ü d w. ITO M» w ƒ f w» ³ y w ùkþ. 30 C ITO w 5.76 kω, M w 3.25 kω. ITO w R', w ρ' š wš ITO w ¼ s ƒƒ L', W' š w T ITO w R'. L R = ρ W D (3) P = αρ + kα ρ, Q = ρ + kρ (7) d w y ƒ j š (7) y Tƒ w (8) k P 1 P + + Q --- T Q --- T 1 = 1 P Q --- T (7) (9) ƒ. kα ρ kρ V ut ρ ( α α ) = P P PQ Q --- T V DD (8) (9) (8) w ƒ» w. x w š l d w d LCDù OLED p l œ ƒ œ ƒ w. M rl w w z ƒ œ w M w ql x w. z ITO rr w w z M w 485 J. Kr. Sensrs Sc., Vl. 19, N. 6, 2010

4 전호식 배병성 84 Fig. 4. 제작된 온도 센서의 현미경 사진. Fig. 6. Measured utput vltage and linear fit curve. 정하였고 온도에 따른 출력 전압으로부터 온도센서의 sensitivity, lineality, hysteresis, repeatability, accuracy, stability 등을 측정 분석 하였다. 3. Fig. 5. Vaccum chamber fr the measurement f the temperature sensr. ITO 선을 사진 식각 공정을 이용하여 패턴 형성한다. 제작된 온도센서의 현미경 사진은 Fig. 4 와 같으며 5 배율의 현미경 렌즈로 촬영된 사진이다. ITO와 M의 증착 두께는 각각 1500 Å이고, W는 30 µm, L는 ITO 6700 µm, M µm 이다. 결과 및 고찰 제작된 여러 온도센서 중 한 센서를 선택하여 측정 한 온도에 따른 출력전압의 측정값은 Fig. 6 과 같다. 검은 사각형은 측정값이고 직선은 linear fit 을 한 결과 이다. 유리 기판 위에 집적된 ITO와 M의 직렬 연결 된 온도 센서로부터 외부 기준 저항 없이 온도가 잘 측 정이 되었으며 이들의 각 특성은 다음에 나와 있다. 각 1회씩 측정한 결과이며 4회 측정한 repeatability와 시 간에 따라 반복 측정한 stability 결과도 제시하였다 Sensitivity Sensitivity는 입력의 변화량( X)에 대한, 출력의 변 화량( Y)으로 Fig. 6의 온도에 따른 측정값에서 기울기 라고( Y/ X) 할 수 있다. Fig. 6의 측정값으로부터 계산된 sensitivity는 0.9 mv/ C 이다. 온도센서는 온도 변화에 따른 정확한 측정을 필요로 하기 때문에 온도 조절이 가능하고 주변 환경의 영향 을 받지 않도록 Fig. 5와 같은 진공 챔버 내에서 측정 을 진행 하였다. 샘플은 온도를 조절 할 수 있는 히터 가 들어 있는 stage 위에 올려서 온도를 조절 할 수 있 3.2. Linearity 도록 하였으며 샘플 표면의 온도는 thermcuple로 연 Fig. 6의 측정값과 Linear fit 직선에서 linearity를 평 결하여 온도를 정확히 측정 할 수 있도록 하였다. 각 가 하였다. 센서의 특성 중 linearity는 주로 nnlinearity로 정의 되며 식 (9)와 같다. 전극은 외부와 진공 BNC로 연결이 되었다. 측정 온도 범위는 30 C부터 100 C 까지 5 C 간격 으로 측정 하였고, 온도센서에 사용한 직류 전압은 Nnlinearity(%) 5 V 였다. 출력전압은 고입력저항 Electrmeter를 사용 100 %FSO (9) 하였다. 온도 변화에 따른 온도 센서의 출력 전압을 측 [10,11] [12,13] 센서학회지 제 권 제 호 19 6,

5 p w» w v 85 Fig. 7. Hysteresis f the prpsed temperature sensr. Fig. 8. Repeatability f the prpsed temperature sensr. (9) FSO full scale utput ùkü. w nnlinearity 2.39 %FSO Hysteresis Fig. 7 l d w ƒ j d w ü d w w. ƒ j d w ü d w ùkü d ew hysteresisƒ 0 w. ideal curve ƒ ù y 1, y 2 š w (10) tx w. y Hysteresis (% 2 y 1 ) = %FSO FSO (10) w hysteresis 2.2 %FSO Repeatability Repeatability d,, w y d w d e ùkü ƒ. Fig. 8 repeatability d w 4z w d w. w repeatability 0.03 %FSO Accuracy wš w w Fig. 9. Stability f the prpsed temperature sensr. ƒ w. yw p y w» w d w y y w w. accuracy d ù ƒ¾ ùkü (11). Accuracy (% ) = ( 100 %FSO) (11) w accuracy 0.9 %FSO. (11) 3.6. Stability Stability» e w yƒ. ƒwš 60 C J. Kr. Sensrs Sc., Vl. 19, N. 6, 2010

6 86 y Á Table 1. Characteristics f the prpsed temperature sensr Parameters Value Input Vltage 5 V Sensitivity 0.9[mV/ C] Hysteresis 2.2[%FSO] Repeatability 0.03[%FSO] Stability 0.4[%FSO]@360 hr Linearity 2.39[%FSO] Accuracy 0.93[%FSO] Test Range 30 C ~ 100 C 12 d w. 360 ¾ stability 0.4 %FSO. w ITO M w ƒ œ p l œ w q ƒ w» œ ƒ w. v t ƒ w.» v q ü ü w wš q» w w d w.» w w yƒ w yw d ƒ w. ù w back light unit(blu)ù z w ƒ w yw d. w M ITO w w v q. w v» ùkù» w y w. w p Table 1 w. 4. v q y y y w» w z wš p d w w.» q w w»q w x w.» w w ƒw z w» w w w w. ù y» w y d ƒ. ITO M xk»q ƒ w» w v d w. p l œ ƒ œ ƒ w. w p l w LCDù OLED t ƒ wš p l w v y t ƒ w. wš p d w w p Table 1 ùkù. v p» v» (F ) w. š x [1] S. G. Park, J. H. Lee, W. K. Lee, and M. K. Han, Investigatin f the hysteresis phenmenn f an a-si:h TFT at an elevated temperature fr AMOLED displays, Jurnal f the Sciety fr Infrmatin Display, vl. 15, issue 12, pp , [2] J. Jen, W. K. Lee, J. H. Sng, and H. G. Kim, Amrphus silicn gate driver circuit technlgy fr mbile TFT LCD panel, Jurnal f Infrmatin Display, vl. 5, n. 2, pp. 1-5, [3] E. J. Jen, A.K. Srivastavaa, M. Kim, K. U. Jeng, J. Chi, G. D. Lee, and S. H. Lee, Temperature dependence f the electr-ptic characteristics in the liquid crystal display switching mdes, Jurnal f Infrmatin Display, vl. 10, n. 4, pp , [4] K. C. Lee, Y. J. Park, H. W. Park, T. Kim, S. H. Mn, B. H. Berkeley, and S. S. Kim, Integrated thermal sensr n LCD fr temperature cmpensatin system, Sciety fr Infrmatin Display 06 Digest f Technical Papers, pp , [5] K. C. Lee, S. H. Mn, N. D. Kim, B. H. Berkeley, and S. S. Kim, Thermally adaptive respnse time cmpensatin fr LCDs, Jurnal f the Sciety fr Infrmatin Display, vl. 16, issue 3, pp , [6] C. H. Kang, J. H. Kim, H. H. Lee, W. K. Ha, and H. S. Kim, Real time brightness cmpensatin fr a-si:h TFT backplane AMOLED, Sciety fr wz 19«6y,

7 p w» w v 87 Infrmatin Display 09 Digest f Technical Papers, pp. 9-11, [7] T. C. Lu, H. W. Zan, M. S. Ker, W. M. Huang, K. C. Lin, C. C. Shin, C. C. Chiu, and C. T. Liu, Temperature cefficient f dide-cnnected LTPS Ply- Si TFTs and its applicatin n the bandgap reference circuit, Sciety fr Infrmatin Display 08 Digest f Technical Papers, pp , [8] A. Bakker and J. H. Huijsing, Micrpwer CMOS temperature sensr with digital utput, IEEE Jurnal f Slid-State Circuits, vl. 31, n. 7, pp , [9] ½ ³,»,, w d y sƒ, wz, 18«, 4y, pp , [10], xx, x, ½, z, TSCM w v p Ÿ p s ƒ, wz, 14«, 3y, pp , [11], x,, k, z,,, x, n Ÿ w w», wz, 15«, 3y, pp , [12] J. J. Carr, Sensrs and Circuits, PTR Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 9-19, [13] J. Fraden, Handbk f Mdern Sensrs, 3rd editin, Springer, New Yrk, pp , y 2008 y w l v w w 2010 y w l v w x y w v w 1984 w wœw w 1986 w w» w 1991 w w» w 1991 ~1998 AMLCD 1999 ~2003 v x y w v w 489 J. Kr. Sensrs Sc., Vl. 19, N. 6, 2010

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