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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 46, N. 1, pp. 16~23, Silver Cating n the Prus Pellets frm Prphyry Rck and Applicatin t an Antibacterial Media Y-Sep Han, Hyun-Jung Kim**, Yung-Sep Shin, Jai-K Park, and Jae-Churl K* Department f Geenvirnmental System Engineering, Hanyang University, Seul , Krea *Graduate Schl f Knwledge Based Technlgy and Energy, Krea Plytechnic University, Gyenggi-d, , Krea **Department f Chemical and Envirnmental Engineering, University f Califrnia, Riverside, CA92521, USA (Received Octber 8, 2008; Revised December 1, 2008; Accepted December 8, 2008) ( ) w œ r Ag w³ w Á½x **Á Á Áš * w w y lœw *w» w **University f Califrnia, Riverside ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT The prus pellets were prepared frm prphyry by slurry faming methd. The effect f sintering temperatures n pre structure f prus prphyry pellets with different extensin rati (E R ) was investigated by specific surface area, water absrptin and prsity, which changed with sintering temperatures. When the sintering temperatures increased frm 975 C t 1075 C, specific surface area and water absrptin f the all samples decreased. In case f the sample with an equal sintering temperature, E R =3.0 pellets had little influence n pre structure cmpared t the E R =2.0 pellets. As a results, it was shwn by SEM that facilitated frmatin f micr pres at E R =2.0 pellets shrunk increasingly after sintering prcess. At E R =3.0 and sintering temperature at 1025 C, ptimum cnditins f the prus prphyry prus pellets was fund. Als, Escherichia cli remval efficiency f the silver-cntaining prphyry prus pellets was measured fr the feasibility as a antibacterial media. The antibacterial activity f prepared silvercntaining sample was maintained abve 90% fr 40 days. Key wrds : Prphyry rck, Prus pellets, Pre structure, Silver, Antibacterial media 1. œ (prus material),, vl x w wš. œ»œ p,»œ»œ xk(pre type),»œ (prsity) š»œj»(pre size) ù.»œ xk j ƒ ù,»œ(pen pre)»œ(clsed pre). p,»œ ƒ n w penetrating pre ink-bttle pre nnpenetrating pre.»œ vl w separatin-filteratin p w,»œ y p w.»œ xk œ Crrespnding authr : Jai-K Park jkpark@hanyang.ac.kr Tel : Fax : x ƒ.»œ xk œ v w w š w. 1) w œ, v p š ƒ š ƒ w, t j ü w š. (prphyry rck ; w ) e w l (medicine rck). w w KAlSi 3 O 8, NaAlSi 3 O 8, CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 š MgAl 2 Si 2 O 8 yw ƒ, SiO 2 SiO 4 ƒ 3 ³ Ÿ SiO 4 AlO 4 ƒ y 1 œ w ww «ƒ š. 2) x Ÿ œ m ƒ w k,, 16
2 ( ) w œ r Ag w³ 17 Table 1. Prperties and Chemical Analysis f Prphyry Pwder Material d P (µm) ρ td (g/cm 3 ) S BET (m 2 /g) Chemical analysis (wt%) Prphyry p, w³ p w ƒ y w š. p, e, û, w w, yw ùkû. w, yy (H 2 S) (NH 3 ) w, w³ ³(E. cil) w ƒ ƒ z. w ü w» œ w y, w w ¾ vw» š. 3-5) k w z ƒ s w œ r w. s œ mw ù v œ e œ e»œ y j, t p y ƒ.»œ mw s œ r e w r, œ w³ (Silver, Ag) w ³ x mw w SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO K 2 O MgO Na 2 O Ig-lss ³» y wš w. 2. x 2.1. ü w.» yw Table 1 ùkü. yw, SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 85 wt.% wš. Fig. 1 XRD ql ùkü. e ù y w œ r s w œ r w. Fig. 2 œ r ùkü.,, s, -e q, š w w. s œ r w» w ü w ƒ 3µm w Fig. 1. XRD patterns f prphyry as starting material in this used. Fig. 2. Flw chart f preparing fr prus quartz prphyry pellets (a) and silver impregnatin prcess (b). 46«1y(2009)
3 18 w Á½x Á Á Áš w. š w w» w p (attritin mill, Krea Material Develpment, Krea) w 3 w. ƒ k w», SHP(sdium hexametaphsphate, Samchun Pure Chemical, Krea) 0.8 wt% ƒw 40 vl% w. z y, SLS(sdium laurly sulfate, Samchun Pure Chemical, Krea) ƒw s w. s (Extensin rati, E R ) s z v. s w x r f qw x w. 6,16) x 975 ~1075 C ƒƒ 1 œ»» w œ w ƒw k w š. ¼ kj w» w e ƒ w š w. w³ p ƒ Ag, Cu, Zn Ag ƒ w³ ùkü š š. 7) w, ü ³ wš Ag Ÿ w w³z ùk ü š š. 8,9), œ r w³ ƒ j» w (silver nitrate, Aldrich C., USA) w Ag t ü»œ w. œ -gq w, 0.5% œ r e k z, 0.1 atm 30 w, 600 C 1 w p sƒ x x (SEM, JSM-6300, JEOL, Japan) w, (NOVA-1000, Quantachrme, USA) BET w v t d w. v j (bulk density, b) ρ (weight) : (vlume) w. š (true density, td) v» ρ (apparent density, ad) x vg ρ l(helium pycnmeter, Accupyc 1330, Micrmeritics, USA) w d w.,»œ (ttal prsity, ε t),»œ (pen prsity, ε ) š»œ (clsed prsity, c) w ε. 10) ρ b ε t = 1 ρ td ρ b ε = 1 ρ ad ε c= ε t ε œ r»œj» s y w v (Image-Pr Plus ver. 4.0, I&G Plus, USA) w d w. 11) 2.4. w³ sƒ Ag œ r w³ sƒ l ³ ³ KCTC 1682 (Escherichia cli) w. ³ nutrient brth z k» (37 C, 160 rpm) 16 w. l 10 4 ~10 5 CFU/mL w w. l shake flask ƒv j» œ r š l d w sƒw. 12) w³ sƒ w³ w³ ù w. w³ sƒ l v 24 ww d w. w³ sƒ mx( 5cm, 20 cm, 500 ml) j» w w w.» v» v 5% w.»» ƒ w l kw,» 40 ww. ³ l w³ sƒw. 13) 3. š 3.1.»œ p Fig. 3 œ r. œ r j» 3~6mm, SEM mw ü»œ x»œ ƒ š. w,» œ»œ 3 x ƒ y w. œ r t Table 2 ùkü. ƒ t w w. E R =2.0 v, ƒ 1050 C l t ùkû. w, ƒ ƒ w wz
4 반암(맥반석)으로 제조한 다공성 펠렛의 Ag 담지 및 항균 메디아로서의 적용 Fig. 3. Table 2. ER Image f prepared prus prphyry pellets (a) and inter-cnnected pre (b). BET Surface Area and Water Absrptin (WA) f Sintered Prus Pellet frm Prphyry Rck Temperature (C) SBET (m2/g) WA (%) SBET (m2/g) WA (%) 할수록 흡수율이 감소하였으며, 다른 온도에서보다도 1025 C 이상에서 급격히 흡수율이 감소함을 나타냈다. ER =3.0에서의 샘플의 경우, 전반적으로 소성온도가 증가 될수록 비표면적 및 흡수율이 감소를 나타내었지만, ER=2.0 에서의 보다는 감소율이 적게 나타났다. Fig. 4와 Fig. 5는 샘플의 소성온도에 따른 기공구조의 영향을 나타낸 그래프이다. Fig. 4는 ER=2.0 샘플의 소성 온도에 의한 기공구조을 나타낸 그래프이다. 소성온도가 증가될수록 기공율이 감소함에 따라 열린 기공율 감소 및 닫힌 기공율 증가가 나타나고 있다. 전반적으로, ER =2.0 샘플의 기공율이 감소하는 경향을 나타내지만, 1025 C 이 상부터는 급격히 기공율이 감소함에 따라 열린 기공율 감 소에 따른 닫힌 기공율이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. ER=3.0에서도 감소하는 경향이 나타나지만, 상대적으로 ER=2.0에 비하여 기공구조의 변화가 크지 않다는 것을 Fig. 5을 통하여 알 수 있었다. 소성온도 1025C에서 ER =2.0과 3.0의 평균 기공크기는 각각 21 µm과 95 µm을 가지는 것을 Fig. 6에서 나타내고 있다. 일반적으로 물리적 발포법을 이용하여 다공체를 제 조할 때 발포비가 증가할수록 기공크기가 상대적으로 낮 은 발포비 보다는 커진다.14,15) 위의 기공크기 결과는 일 반적 연구결과와 유사하게 나온 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 제조된 다공성 맥반석 펠렛의 총 기공율 (ttal prsity, εt)을 기공크기에 따라 분류하여 평가하였 다. 기공크기에 의한 총 기공율의 구성은 거대 기공율 (macrprsity, εmacr, DP 10 µm), 미세 기공율(micrp DP 2 µm)으로 설정되었으며, 각각 발포비로 제조된 샘플의 총 기공율에 의해 계산되었다. 이 결과로 인하여 발포 공정 중에서 발포비로 인하여 총 기공율을 조절할 수 있는 지표가 될 수 있다. εmacr와 εmicr은 아래 의 식에 의하여 계산되었다.16) rsity, εmicr, Fig. 4. Ttal ( ), pen ( ) and clsed ( ) prsities f sintered prus materials at ER = 2.0, respectively 제 46 권 제 1호(2009)
5 20 w Á½x Á Á Áš Fig. 5. Ttal ( ù ), pen ( ø ) and clsed ( ü ) prsities f sintered prus materials at E R = 3.0, respectively. Fig. 6. Pre size distributin f sintered prus materials at 1025 C (E R = 2.0 and E R =3.0). ε t ε strut ε macr = ε strut ε micr =ε t ε macr Fig. 2(a) œ s ww š 1025 C r j d w»œ (ε strut ) w. ε strut 0.29 ùkû., 1025 C E R =3.0 š 2.0 œ r»œ ƒƒ 81%, 72%,»œ E R =3.0 75% E R =2.0 v 61% ùkü.»»œ (apparent prsity, ε apparent )»œ w w w. ÿw»œ w x w j Ag š y œ w. w, ƒ g y w k š q». œ r t 1025 C š s ƒ v t ùkü. p, y k œ w t ùkü,»œj»ƒ ~ ù j» Ag w z w. w, ü yw w., œ r j»œ»œ xk w³ ww š q., E R =3.0, 1025 C œ r w³ ƒ w»œ mw w t p œ q wš SEM-EDX mw t k y w. w, Ag œ mw v e t Ag k q wš w ww. Fig. 7 E R =2.0 ùkü. ³ w ü»œ»œ ü»œ windw j»ƒ 20 ~ 30 µm 1500 y w w. ƒ 975 C ~ 1025 C ƒw x w œ w w y w. ù 1050 C l w»œ w 1075 C 1500 y.»œ p w ù. ƒ 1025 C w w t w œ x ƒ. 17) Fig. 8 œ ü t Ag ƒ. Ag ü Ag ƒ y w, EDX mw ƒ Ag w y w. w wz
6 반암(맥반석)으로 제조한 다공성 펠렛의 Ag 담지 및 항균 메디아로서의 적용 Fig SEM phtgraphs f sintered prus prphyry pellets at ER = 2.0 ((a) 975C, (b) 1000C, (c) 1025C, (d) 1050C, and (e) 1075 C). Fig. 8. SEM-EDX phtgraphs f silver-cntaining prus prphyry pellets. 항균특성 본 연구에서 제조된 Ag 담지된 펠렛을 항균 메디아로 서 사용하고자 순간 항균 성능과 지속성 항균 성능을 각 각 평가하였다. 순간 항균 성능은 샘플과 박테리아의 접 종시켜 박테리아의 감소율을 측정하여 나타내었다. 접종 시간은 24시간으로 진행하였으며, 측정 조건은 25 ± 0.5 C, 교반 속도 160 rpm이었다. Fig. 9는 Ag 담지된 다공성 맥 반석 펠렛에 대한 순간 항균성을 나타낸 사진이다. 순간 항균 특성은 발포비에 따라 두 개의 샘플로 실험 을 진행하였다. 결과에서 보듯이, 발포비에 따라 다르게 항균 성능이 다르게 나타났다. 24시간 접종시킨 결과, ER =3.0 샘플에서의 대장균 제거율이 ER =2.0 샘플보다는 우수하게 나왔다. 일반적으로 물속에서의 Ag가 항균 작 용으로서 나타나는 것은 Ag 이온으로 해리됨에 따라 항 균성이 나타난다고 알려져 있다. 이에 위의 결과에 따른 차이를 확인하기위해 Ag이 물속 에서 존재하는 양을 분석하였다. Ag 농도 분석결과, E =3.0 과 2.0 샘플이 각각 mg/l, mg/l으로 나타났다. 발포비가 높은 샘플에서 항균성능이 우수한 것은 기공구 조 특성에 따라 담지된 Ag 양에 따라 해리되는 Ag 이 온의 양도 다르게 되어 성능에 차이가 나타난 것으로 판 단된다. 따라서, 실제 음용수 처리에서는 팔렛의 공극 율을 조절함에 따라 Ag 용출양을 조절 할 수 있을 것으 로 판단된다. 또한 음용수에 Ag 허용 농도는 미국 EPA 기준인 0.1 mg/l와 비교할 경우 Ag 농도가 크게 높지 않음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 항균성이 가장 우수한 E =3.0 샘플과 같은 제조공정으 로 제조된 다용성 실리카 펠렛, 상용 Ag-활성탄의 항균성 18,19) R + 18) 20) R 제 46 권 제 1호(2009)
7 22 w Á½x Á Á Áš Fig. 9. Antibacterial results f E cil. after reactin time at 24 h ((a) E R = 2.0 and (b) E R =3.0). Fig. 10 ùkü. w³ ùkü w p wù. s ƒ» 40, 25±0.5 C w w. Ag-y k j» 10 ~ 20 mesh, t 800 ~ 900 m 2 /g. š y k Ag w 0.1 ~ 0.2 wt% ùkû. ³ x, w³ ƒ Ag-y k w w ùkû. e w³ 30 95% ã w. ù 30 û v w y w, eƒ w³ ùkû. w, Ag-y k w³ ƒ ùkû. Ag-y k ƒ 10 z l ã w, 40 ¾ 60%¾ j. w³ ƒ w³ w y w. 4. s w œ r w»œ p q w, Ag mw w³ w š ³ x ww. s œ r»œ SEM, BET»» mw s ƒ ww. x mw w»œ w y w p, s ƒ ƒ»œ ƒ ù kû. s ƒ j E R =3.0»œ y û ùkû.»œ w»œ x E R =2.0 ƒ w x ùkù q. v Ag w w³, E R =3.0 v E R =2.0 w³ w. Ag»œ mw ü»œ¾ enw š y Ag ƒ» ƒ., E R = 3.0, 1025 C Ag w w š w³ ƒ ww q. E R =3.0, 1025 C œ r Ag w v w³ 40 ³ w³ sƒw. Ag r 40 90% ³ ã w. Ag-y k w w³ r w. REFERENCES Fig. 10. Remval efficiency f E. cil ver the silvercntaining prepared antibacterial media. 1. K. Ishizaki, S. Kmarneni, and M. Nank, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Prus Materials : Prcess Technlgy and Applicatins, 1-11, Lndn, J. B. Hwang, M. O. Yang, and M. S. K, Extractin f Minerals and Eliminatin Effect f Heavy Metals in Water by Nhwad Quartz Prphyry, Analytical Sci. & Tech., 9 w wz
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