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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 47, N. 6, pp. 498~0, 010. DOI: /KCERS Al TiO -machinable Ceramics Made by Reactive Sintering f Al O and TiO Jae Hyun Park, Wn Jae Lee, and Il S Kim Department f Materials and Cmpnents Engineering, Dngeui University, Busan , Krea (Received September 7, 010; Revised Octber 19, 010; Accepted Octber, 010) Al O TiO w Al TiO -» ƒœ xáá½ w wtœw ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT Aluminium titanate(al TiO ) has extremely anistrpic thermal expansin prperties in single crystals, and plycrystalline material spntaneusly micrcracks in the cling step after sintering prcess. These fine intergranular cracks limit the strength f the material, but prvide an effective mechanism fr absrbing strain energy during thermal shck and preventing catastrphic crack prpagatin. Furthermre, since machinable BN-ceramics used as an insulating substrate in current micr-electrnic industry are very expensive, the develpment f new lw-cst machinable substrate ceramics are cnsistently required. Therefre, cheap Al TiO -machinable ceramics was studied fr the replacement f BN ceramics. Al O -Al TiO ceramic cmpsite was fabricated via in-situ reactin sintering. Al O and TiO pwders were mixed with varius ml-rati and sintered at 1400 t 1600 C fr 1 h. Density, hardness and strength f sintered ceramics were systematically measured. Phase analysis and micrstructures were bserved by XRD and SEM, respectively. Machinability f each specimens was tested by micr-hle machining. The results f research shwed that the Al TiO - cmpsites culd be used fr lw-cst machinable ceramics. Key wrds : Al TiO, Machinable ceramics, Reactin sintering 1.,, ü, w» p yw» ƒœ w» w. œ ƒ ³»š, ³ q q x. wš w x t w» w ƒœ ƒvw, ƒ j œ œ w ƒ, ƒœ ƒw.» ƒ œ œ ù w š» ww w, ƒœ zw» w. 1)»q PCB w š ù, t š, šy š»q w üš. ƒ. Crrespnding authr : Il S Kim iskim@deu.ac.kr Tel : Fax : »q p w,, š» ƒœ. ( )» ƒœ p, wì ù, -4)ƒ Ú š, h-bn -10)ƒ» ƒœ (machinable ceramics) š. ƒ ù w q p š ù w œ ƒœ ƒw. 11) ù»q p wš, h-bn»q ƒ. ù, q Aluminium titanate(al TiO ) ƒ w» ƒœ ƒ mwš w. Al TiO w ù, q ƒ. z þƒ ³ w1), wr p wš ³q w w 498

2 Al O TiO w Al TiO -» ƒœ 499 w. 1) Al TiO üy( :189 C) ü, üe prt liner, cmbustin chamber, turbcharger casting, š œ ƒ, ü, w œ transmissin part Ÿw š. 14,1) Al TiO -» ƒœ p Al O mw. Al O TiO yw w w, Al O ƒ TiO w Al TiO ƒ w. Al O Al TiO ƒw ù, w œ, j» j»sƒ. 16) yw w Al O -p Al TiO w w.,, dwš,» ƒœ ³wš, yw» ƒœ ƒ šw.. x α-al O High Purity Chemicals(: 99.9%, s³j»: 1 µm), TiO Junsei Chemical( : 99.9%, s³j»: 1 µm ) w. Al O /TiO (1/1, /1, /1, 4/1) ƒƒ ew z,» x (Planetary Mill, FRITSCH, pulverisette ) yw w.» m w, mm, mm ù w., yw(vl%) :(m):( mm, mm ù ) = 10 : 40 : 0 w. 00 rpm z 8 yw w z, šq vlwš, 80 C» 4 g. ƒ w z r xw. w x w» w % PVA (plyvinyl alchl) binder ƒw. tn/cm Table 1. Experimental Cnditins fr Micr-drilling Prcess diameter(mm) step RPM , 000, , 000, ƒw 1 xw z, 00 MPa 10, þ x(cip)w. x r, Ì dw z, w. 1400, 100, 1600 C wš, œ»» C/min w 1 w z þw. w r dwš, KSL160 w Indentec 6197.LK w dw. f w ƒƒ 98N 10 wš z dw s³ w. ƒ ww mm j» 10 -pint dw. XRD PANanalytical X'Pert PRO MPD w š, FE-SEM(FEI cmpany, Quanta000FEG) w.» ƒœ r j y qw. j TUNG-ALOY t(sdm-01-1bf) w. Table 1 ƒœ»w. 1 mm, SEM j y k w.. š w r, š s³e Table ùkü. jy ƒœ z,» ƒœ wù, r w dw. Al O /TiO ml ƒ š. š ƒw, Al O (.99 g/cm )ƒ Al TiO (.70 g/cm ) Table. Prperties f Each Specimens Density (g/cm ) Hardness (Kg/cm ) -pt. MOR (MPa) 1/1 /1 /1 4/ : Al O /TiO ml rati, ex) /1 = Al O /TiO : firing temperature, 4 = 1400 C, = 100 C, 6 = 1600 C, : prperties 47«6y(010)

3 박재현 이원재 김일수 00 Fig.. SEM phts f specimen with Al O /TiO ml rati f 4/1. 를 사용하는데, 본 연구에서는 열분해현상이 있다면 나타날 TiO peak가 보이지 않았다. 과량의 Al O 가 있는 경우는 TiO 가 반응에 완전히 소모되었기 때문으로 볼 수 있으나, 몰비 1/1의 경우에도 기존 연구와는 달리 TiO peak가 나타나지 않은 이유는 더 연구되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. Fig. 는 몰비 1/1로 100 C, 1600 C로 반응소결한 시편 의 전자현미경 사진이다. 100 C 시편의 경우 치밀하지 못하고 grain size도 작은데 비해, 1600 C 시편은 상당히 치밀하고, 전형적인 입내(trans-granular)파단면을 보이며, Al TiO ceramics에서 전형적으로 나타나는 micrcrack을 볼 수 있다. Fig. 은 Al O /TiO 몰비 4:1(Al O /Al TiO 몰비=/1)의 시편의 미세구조사진이다. Fig. 에 비해 입 자크기가 현저히 작으며, micrcrack도 잘 관찰되지 않는 다. 입자크기가 더 작은 이유는 출발물질부터 α-al O 의 입경이 TiO 보다 작고, TiO 가 Al O 의 입성장을 도우므 로, 다량의 α-al O 가 있을수록 입성장이 덜 일어난 것으 로 볼 수 있다. 입자형태는 대체로 다면체형태이며, 이상 입성장이 보이지 않는다. Al O 에 Al TiO 를 따로 첨가하 고, Al O -TiO 를 반응소결한 것과 미세구조를 비교한 연 구에서는 침상결정도 드물게 발견되었으나, 본 연구에서 는 찾아볼 수 없었다. Micr drilling test에서는 Al O /TiO 몰비가 /1, /1이 고 소성온도 100 C인 시편만 기계가공특성이 무난하였 다. 금속은 공구가 움직이는 전방의 연성변형영역에서 전 단 파괴면이 형성되고, 이 부분에서 전단, 압축응력이 발 생하며 절삭이 진행된다. 머시너블 세라믹의 경우에는 공 구 전방에 전단파가 전해질 때, 미세구조 내에 미세한 균 열이나 벽개가 존재함으로써 균열전파가 감쇠, 응력이 흡 수되고, 연쇄적인 입계, 입내파괴가 진행되며 절삭이 진 행된다. Fig. 4는 Al O /TiO 의 몰비 /1로 100 C에 서 소성한 시편을 Micr drilling 한 후 광학현미경으로 한 사진이며, Fig. 는 이의 SEM 사진이다. 이 시편의 경우 hle 주변에 균열이 발생하지 않고, 깨끗하게 drilling이 이 루어졌다 C에서 소성한 시편의 경우는 미세구조의 17,18) Fig. 1. XRD patterns f specimens with varius ml rati f Al O /TiO ( : Al O, : Al TiO ). Fig.. SEM phts f specimen with Al O /TiO ml rati f 1/1. 6 1) 한국세라믹학회지 조금 높기 때문일 것이다. 또 소성온도가 높을수록 높은 밀도를 보이는 것은 일반적인 경향과 다르지 않다. /1 이 상의 시편에서, 특히 1600 C에서 높은 밀도를 보이는 것 은 그 온도에서 상당한 치밀화가 진행되었음을 의미한다. 이런 판단은 경도와 강도값의 경향에서도 뚜렷이 뒷받침 되고 있다. 또한 Al O 의 함량이 높을수록 강도와 경도값 이 크게 나타나는 것은 Al O 의 기계적 특성이 Al TiO 보다 좋은데 기인한 것이다. Fig. 1에 100 C에서 1시간 소성한 시편의 XRD 결과를 Al O /TiO ml 비에 따라 나타내었다. Al O /TiO ml비 1/1의 경우 Al TiO peak 이외는 나타나지 않는 것을 보아 완전히 합성이 이루어졌음을 알 수 있으며, 몰비가 커질수 록 Al O 의 peak 강도가 상대적으로 높게 나타남을 확인 할 수 있다. Al TiO 는 소결 후 냉각도중에 70~100 C의 온도영역에서 TiO -팔면체의 뒤틀림으로 인해, 출발물질인 α-al O 와 TiO 로 분해되는 열적불안정성을 나타낸다. 이를 막기 위한 방법으로 다양한 산화물 광화제(mineralizer) 16) 19,0)

4 Al O 와 TiO 의 반응소결로 제조한 Al TiO -기계가공성 세라믹스 01 Acknwledgment 이 논문은 010학년도 동의대학교 010AA190)에 의해 연구되었음. 교내연구비(과제번호 REFERENCES Fig. 4. OM phts f specimen sintered at 100 C with Al O / TiO ml rati f /1 after micr drilling. 1. P. Blake, T. Bifan, T. Dw, and R. O. Scattergd, Precisin Machining f Ceramic Materials, Ceram. Bull., [6] (1988).. C. K. Chyung, G. H. Beall, and D. G. Grssman, Micrstructure and Mechanical Prperties f Mica Glass-Ceramics, pp in 10th Int. Cngress n Glass. Ed. by M. Kunugi et. al., Kyt, B. Ashuri Rad and P. Alizade, Pressureless Sintering and Mechanical Prperties f SiO -Al O -MgO-K O-TiO -F (CaO-Na O) Machinable Glass-ceramics, Ceram. Int., (009). 4. S. Taruta, R. Fujisawa, and K. Kitajima, Preparatin and Mechanical Prperties f Machinable Alumina/mica Cmpsites, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (006).. Y. Li, G. Qui, and Z. Jin, Machinable Al O -BN Cmpsite Ceramics with Strng Mechanical Prperties, Mater. Res. Bull., (00). 6. X. Zhang, R. Zhang, G. Chen, and W. Han, Micrstructure, Mechanical Prperties and Thermal Shck Resistance f Ht-pressed ZrO (Y)-BN Cmpsites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, (008). 7. H. Wu and W. Zhang, Fabricatin and Prperties f ZrB SiC-BN Machinable Ceramics, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., 10-4 (010). 8. A. A. Buchheit, G. E. Hilmas, W. G. Fahrenhltz, D. M. Deasn, and H. Wang, Mechanical and Thermal Prperties f AlN-BN-SiC Ceramics, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 9-46 (008). 9. Y. S. Yn, J. H. Lee, W. S. Ch, M. W. Ch, and E. S. Lee, Mechanical Prperties and Machinability f Machinable Ceramics (in Krean), Ceramist, [] 1-7 (00). 10. S.-Y. Beck, M-W. Ch, and W.-S. Ch, Mechanical Prperties and End-milling Characteristics f AlN-hBN Based Machinable Ceramics, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [1] (008). 11. T. Yamaguchi, Technlgy f Characterizatin t Ceramics(in Japan), Ceramics, [6] 0-9 (1984). 1. H. A. J Thmas and R. Stevens Aluminium Titanate - A Literature Review, Br. Ceram. Trans. J., (1989). 1. I. J. Kim and C. Zgrafu, Thermal Shck Resistance f Al TiO Ceramics Prepared frm Electrfused Pwders, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [10] (1998). 14. I. J. Kim, H. B. Lee, and Y. S. K, Applicatin f Al TiO Ceramics t Autmbile Engine(in Krean), Ceram. Tech., [1] 68-7 (199). 1. I. J. Kim, H. B. Lee, and Y. S. K, Applicatin f Al TiO Ceramics t High Temperature Structural Material Industry(in Krean), Ceram. Tech., [] 8-88 (199). 16. S.-Y. Park, S.-W. Jung, and Y.-B. Chung, The Effect f Fig.. SEM pht f specimen sintered at 100 C with Al O / TiO ml rati f /1 after micr drilling. 치밀도가 높고 입자크기가 커서 가공이 어려웠다 C 에서 소성한 시편은 가공이 쉬웠으나, 경계선주변에서 전 단파괴가 일어났다. Al O /TiO 몰비 1/1시편은 강도가 약 해 가공응력을 견디지 못했고, 몰비 4/1 시편은 Micr drilling 절삭저항성이 높아 drilling이 불가능하였다. 4. 결 론 반응소결하여 기계가공성 세라믹스 제 조를 시도한 결과, Al O /TiO 의 몰비를 /1, /1로 하고, 100 C에서 소성한 세라믹스가 양호한 결과를 보였다. Al O 와 Al TiO 이외의 상은 나타나지 않았다 C에 서 소성한 것이나 몰비 1/1의 경우에는 세라믹의 강도가 약하거나 내부에 전단파괴가 일어났으며, 1600 C에서 소 성한 것과 몰비 4/1인 세라믹스는 절삭저항성이 높아 기 계가공이 어려웠다 Al O 와 TiO 를 제 47 권 제6호(010)

5 0 xáá½ Starting Pwder n the Micrstructure Develpment f Alumina-aluminium Titanate Cmpsites, Ceram. Int., (00). 17. S. W. Kim, H. J. Lee, and H. L. Lee, Effects f MgO and SiO n Thermal Decmpsitin f Al TiO, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 6 [4] 4-1 (1999). 18. S. W. Kim, H. J. Lee, and H. L. Lee, Effects f Bicmpnent Additives n Thermal Decmpsitin f Al TiO, J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 6 [6] 6-9 (1999). 19. R. Raj, Fundamental Research in Structural Ceramics fr Service Near 000 C, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 76 [9] (199). 0. S. Buen, L. Micele, C. Baudin, and G. de Prtu, Reduced Strength Degradatin f Alumina-aluminium Titanate Cmpsite Subjected t Lw-velcity Impact Lading, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (008). w wz

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