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1 Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 061~0, February, 2012 GGGGG 기포제종류및희석농도에따른기포콘크리트의특성 ½ 1) Á 1) Áy y 2) Á 1) * 1)œ w œw 2) œ w ywœw Properties of Foamed Concrete According to Types and Concentrations of Foam Agent Jin-Man Kim, 1) Ji-Yong Jeong, 1) Eui-Hwan Hwang, 2) and Sang-Chul Shin 1)* 1) Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 0-717, Korea 2) Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 0-717, Korea ABSTRACT Recently, the government has been working feverously to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emission by enacting Basic Act on Low Carbon Green Growth at the national level. Improving the insulation performance of building exterior and insulator can reduce the energy in the building sector. This study is about developing light-weight foamed concrete insulation panel that can be applied to buildings to save energy and to find the optimal condition for the development of insulation materials that can save energy by enhancing its physical, kinetic and thermal characteristics. Various experimental factors and conditions were considered in the study such as foam agent types (AES=Alcohol Ethoxy Sulfate, AOS=Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate, VS=Vegetable Soap, FP=Fe-Protein), foam agent dilution concentration (1,, 5%), and foam percentage (0, 50, %). Experiment results indicated that the surface tension of aqueous solution including foam agent, was lower when AOS was used over other foam agents. FP produced relatively stable foams in % or more, which produced unstable foams containing high water content and low surface tension when diluted at low concentration. Depending on foam agent types, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were similar at low density range but showed some differences at high concentration range. In addition, when concentrations of foam agent and foaming ratio increased, pore size increased and open pores are formed. In all types of foam agent, thermal conductivity were excellent, satisfying KS standards. The most outstanding performance for insulation panel was obtained when FP % was used. Keywords : foam agent, foam, surface tension, foamed concrete, thermal conductivity 1. ù 25% wš. ƒ.» k, þáù z w w š v p mw wù. ww w û j»».» p s ù s k, s p, PVC, š š s k š œ ù y *Corresponding author hiykhj@kongju.ac.kr Received October 5, 2011, Revised December 2, 2011, Accepted December 2, by Korea Concrete Institute w ƒ š. 1), 2010 w šd v l y w q ƒ s p ùkû.» üy w» w š w l wš mw w w ƒ. wr,» wù»s gj p» s w œ g w ³ e y p ü»œ x x (cellular insulation) p š» w ƒ üswš.»s gj p œ x, n z œ (continuous pore), w œ (closed pore). p r p yw»s x wš ƒ»s (plateau border) x 61
2 wì»s y š w w œ x w.»s gj p 2-5) y w» w œ x w w.»s»s w k œ x w p ù»s œ. ù œ x fp w» 6,7) s gj p w». x y»s gj p s w, û x, w ³, v w. w d»s gj p w ƒ w,» d» w w t y yƒ w. ƒ w»s gj p q w» w x y 4» s»s gj p m w. 2.1 x z 2. x z x z Table 1.»s ƒ»s gj p e w q w» Table 1 Plan of experiment Factors Levels Test items Types of foam agent AES (1), AOS (2) VS (), FP (4) Concentrations of foam agent 0.5(5), 1, 5 Percent of foam 0, 50, ½ Surface tension ½ Foaming rate ½ Unit weight of foam ½ Flow ½ Density (slurry, oven-dried) ½ Compressive strength ½ Thermal conductivity ½ Pore shape (1) AES : alcohol ethoxy sulfate, (2) AOS : a-clefin sulfonate () VS : vegetable soap, (4) FP : Fe-protein (5) 0.5% is applicable only to surface tension, foaming rate and unit weight of foam. w»s p mw.»s ü m y ƒ AES AOS, VS, ƒ w FP 4 w. ƒ»s 0.5%, 1%, %, 5% w z,» s t d w š»s»»s s d w. w,» x»s p»s gj p p p y e w mw.»s 4 1%, %, 5% w»s 0%, 50%, % yww»s gj p w k v, y k,, œ x d w. Table 2 x w ùkü Á w 40%, CaO/SiO 2 mol ratio 1.0 w. 2.2»s Áp Table. Table 4 yw ùkü.»s gj p x w w e p KS L 5201 ³ w ü H m sp p(.15 t/m,,000 cm 2 /g) w. e ƒ,000 cm 2 /g SiO 2 w 88% ³ w. w» w Al 2 O w 60% ù p( 2.65 t/ m, 4,000 cm 2 /g) w. z calcium silicate yw y w, š ù p w ƒw. š ùvk p 1% w. 2. x 2..1»s»s gj p Fig. 1»s gj p w» w yw ù kü s w. s w»s»s gj p ƒw Table 2 Mixing design of experiment W/B C/S mol ratio Types of foam agent AES AOS VS FP Concentrations of foam agent 1 5 Percent of foam Water (kg/m ) Unit volume (l/m ) Unit weight (kg/m ) PC (1) Q (2) AC () CH (4) AG (5) Foam PC Q AC CH AG (1) PC : portland cement, (2) Q : quartz, () AC : alumina cement (4) CH : calcium hydroxide, (5) AG : anhydrite gypsum 62 w gj pwz 24«1y (2012)
3 Table Physical and chemical properties of foam agent Types Active matter Free oil Na 2 SO 4 Klett color (1) (5%AM) PH (Neat, 25 o C) Specific gravity (20 o C) AES AOS VS FP (1) Klett color : color scale for measuring detergent of surfactant Fig. 1 Mixing method Table 4 Chemical composition of binders Types CaO SiO 2 Al 2 O MnO Fe 2 O SiO K 2 O SrO ZrO 2 TiO 2 PC AC Q CH AG »s y fp w, œ ywš x»s w.»s œ»»s k z s» mw w š, pr p w w» w m sp p ³»»k yw qp w 0 w z, w ƒw 1, š 1 yww w. x pr p g»s w yww z w. x, 100 mm j, {Á 100 mm 100 mm 400 mm, 00 mm 00 mm 50 mm v xw d w Fig. 2 x ùkü e,», mj w. k w»s gj p»s y w» w (20 ±2 o C) 5 w.» kxz x w ƒ w y w 20 C o 4 (15 o C/hour) z, 80 C o 5 w. mj CaO SiO 2 w w m p w x w 4 (40 o C/hour) z 180 o C, 10 atm 5 w z, Áþƒ w. 2.. d»s p» w»s t x <KS M ISO 04 y - ñ w t d > w Du nouy Fig. 2 Curing process tensiometer w d w. œ» w»s s L» d w.»s gj p v <KS F 409, x k» s gj p>, <KS F 21,»s gj p > w w. <ASTM C a standard test method for compressive strength of lightweight insulating concrete> w d w. 00 mm 00 mm 50 mm xk xw»s g j p q N HFM46 w <KS L 808, s s p (PS) > w w š, s³ 21± o C w w w w. w, x w z œ x Ÿwx mw 10 w.. x š w»s»s gj p p Table 5..1 t»s»s w t, t k, t»s wš ù š w. Fig.»s t y ùkü. t mn/m w»s ƒw wwš»s»s gj p p 6
4 Table 5 Results of experiment Concentration of foam Types of foam agent agent (1) AES AOS VS FP (0.5) (1) 1 5 (0.5) 1 5 (0.5) 1 5 (0.5) 1 Percent of foam Surface tension (mn/m) Foam Foaming rate Unit weight of foam (kg/m ) Flow (mm) Slurry density (t/m ) Foamed concrete Oven-dried density (t/m ) Compressive strength (MPa) Thermal conductivity (W/mK) (42) (556) (152) 47 1, , , (1) (16) (240) , , (40) (527) (159) , , , () (114) (466) , , : Bracket is the result of 0.5% aqueous solution»s FP>AESóVS>AOS ùkùš. FP 5% mn/m ƒ w t w, AES VS, AOS 0.5% ƒƒ 42.08, 9.60, 0.92 mn/m w t w k. ù ƒ t ƒw w ùkþ.»s t e»» y ƒ» w,» 64 w gj pwz 24«1y (2012)
5 Fig. Variance of surface tension by concentrations of foam agent Fig. 4 Variance of foaming rate by concentrations of foam agent s ƒ t yƒ d y ƒ sy kƒ CMC(critical micelle concentration) w q. 8,9).2»s s w»s ƒ ƒw» ƒw š w ƒ x» (critical micelle concentration, CMC) w. CMC 10) w x w w. CMC»s ƒƒ š œ w ù CMC w e.»s s»s CMC w w. Fig. 4»s»s s ùkü ƒ s ƒw. 1% AES>VS>AOS>FP»s s ùkû 2%» VS ƒ AES ùkü. FP x w s û w»s» w»s ƒ g w q. s ƒ r, AES VS %¾ s ƒw z 2,600~2,800% w ùkû, AOS FP 5%¾ ƒw w ùkü. Fig. 5»s ùkü s ùkùš (FP>AOS>VS>AES). AES VS 1% ¾ w z yƒ, AOS FP % ¾ w ùkû. % 4~48 kg/m 4»s ƒ w ùkû. wr FP w w»s w w Fig. 5 Variance of unit weight by concentrations of foam agent xk ùkþ, 0.5% 466 kg/m, 1% 11 kg/m ùkû. FP»s» w % w w w.. v»s»s x Fig. 6. 1%»s ƒ wš % t û»s ƒ ùkù w w w ùkû. 1%»s v»s t w AES, AOS, VS»s t w yƒ ùkùš, FP t v ƒ s û w wš q. % v»s CMC w»sƒ x w w ùkù»s»s gj p p 65
6 Fig. 6 Variance of flow according to percent of foam and concentrations of foam agent Fig. 7 Variance of slurry density according to percent of foam and concentrations of foam agent q.»s ƒ v w ƒ û ƒ š ¼»»s ƒ»s ü g ƒ q..4»s ¼ w»s 4~48 kg/m ƒ»»s gj p w n w»sy ü. w, y z œ û š s x w w yw»s gj p w p w. 11) w w w»s p w y w mw. Fig. 7»s ùkü. x ƒ w ü»s ƒ û»s p ƒ j»»s ƒ w. p FP 1%»s 50%, % ùkü. w x Figs. 4, 5 FP 1%»s sƒ 11 kg/m w. w»s ƒ ƒw ƒ w»s k,»s gj p yw w»s w ùkù q. w s»s»s 0%, 50%, % w ƒƒ 1.00~1.20, 0.67~0.82, 0.4~0.44 t/m w ùkù»s mw fp ƒ w. 12) Fig. 8 Variance of oven-dried density according to percent of foam and concentrations of foam agent d Fig. 8. AES, FP, AOS 0.20~ 0.22 t/m, VS 0.16 t/m ùkûš,»s VSƒ š AES, FP, AOS w ùkû. VSƒ x e»s gj p ü»sƒ s š, q. wr, FP 1% w x f»s w ùkþ..5»s gj p w ƒ. 1), ƒ y p œ p w e. w eš w y w š Fig t/m w»s w ùkû. w ƒ ƒw»s ƒ w. 0.8 t/m AOS FP w x 66 w gj pwz 24«1y (2012)
7 Fig. 9 Relationship between of compressive strength and oven-dried density Fig. 10 Variance of compressive strength by concentrations of foam agent 7MPa ƒ j ùkþš VS, AES 5MPa ùkû. 1.0 t/m FP VSƒ 11 MPa w ùkþ AOS»s j ùkû.»s gj p»s AOS FPƒ ƒ z q, ƒ û ùkü AES w 2~ MPa ƒ ùkû. ƒ x»s ùkû» s p»s gj p y p w q.»s»s gj p Fig. 10 ƒ û ùkû.»s ƒ ƒw»s j»ƒ f š»s q œ x w û ùk ü. w ƒ»s ƒ ùkû. wr, FP 1%,»s % Fig. 11»sƒ w ewx w d w..6 œ w w q. œ» m 14) (λ= kcal/mh o C, )»s k w».»s gj p œ, œ s x w.»s gj p œ w w ù œ» kù k z ƒ. x ƒ x 100 o C Fig. 11 Photo of specimen (FP-1%-%) g k d w. Fig. 12»s ƒ»s gj p q d w. AOS AES, VS, FP w x ƒƒ 0.09~0.9, 0.11~0.5, 0.10~0.0, 0.09~0.27 W/mK ùkû»s ƒw w ùkû.»s ƒ ƒw j ùküš. AES, VS, FP w q w ƒw w ùküš AOS v»»ƒ ƒ j ùkù ƒ x w ùk û. w, AOS w x w x ƒ <KS F 409, x k»s gj p> ³ wš»s gj p (0.4 t/m -0.1 W/ mk w, 0.5 t/m W/mK w, 0.7 t/m W/mK w)» w p FP VS w ƒ w ùkþ. Fig. 1»s ùkü. ƒ»s»s gj p p 67
8 Fig. 12 Relationship between of thermal conductivity and oven-dried density Fig. 1 Variance of thermal conductivity by concentrations of foam agent ƒw ùkû. % 5% w q w ùkû ù 1% w x ùkþ.»s 1%» s jš s û»s gj p y»s w ùkù. w ƒ ƒw f 0.4 t/m»s j 1.0 t/m 1% 5% 0.15 W/mKƒ w. FP VS % w w»s gj p q ƒ w ƒ q..7 œ x Fig. 14 œ s p q w» w x w z Ÿwx 10 y w w.»s ƒw p r p w œ ƒw w w y w. w,»s ƒ ƒw»s j» f š»s q œ x. œ»s»s w w p,»s 5%,»s % x œ f š»s w y w w œ x w.»s ƒ j œ œ x»s Ì w ƒ y q. ƒ»s û, w x» s x w»s ̃ w. j œ x»s w w»s»s ƒ š»s ̃ w w ƒ. œ x»s ̃»s x»s ƒ ̃ ƒ y.,4)»s ƒ w»s jš œ x w. FP»s ƒw œ j»ƒ { f ùkû %¾ œ x w 5% œ j»ƒ ƒ j œ ùkü. AES VS w œ x ùkþ VS œ x w. AOS»s w œ š j»ƒ»s»s ƒ x ƒ j. 4. 1)»s t FP w»s ƒ ƒw w w ƒ j ùkü AOS t w û. 2) AES VS w w»s s w û ùkþ FP 1%»s w w» % w»s w. )»s gj p w»s w ùkù š»s 1%»s p j w ùkû. w, %» s w ùkù. 4)»s w w w ùkþ»s 68 w gj pwz 24«1y (2012)
9 Fig. 14 Photos of pore shape 작용에 의해 기포제 종류에 따른 절건밀도의 차이 가 나타났다. 5) 밀도의 증가에 따른 강도발현 추이는 기포제 종류 별로 다르게 나타났으며 AOS와 FP가 강도 발현에 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 6) 기포 콘크리트에서의 열전도율은 밀도보다는 기포 자체의 특성에 의해 차이를 나타내고 천연소재의 기포제를 사용한 시험체의 경우에 가장 우수한 열 전도율을 나타냈으며 4종의 기포제 모두 KS기준을 만족하였다. 7) 기포제 희석농도와 기포율이 증가할수록 공극의 양 과 크기는 커지며 기포간 결합이 활발해져 열린공 극이 형성된다. 8) 제조된 기포의 특성과 기포 콘크리트 경화체의 물 기포제 종류 및 희석 농도에 따른 기포 콘크리트의 특성 69
10 Á w, p š w,»s FP,»s % w ù y w q w» l w ( / x w» ) 2011 w» sƒ (KETEPP) w w (No ). š x 1. y, š w» w, w, w, 2010, pp. 6~ w,»s gj p œ x e»s w, gj pwz, 14«, 5y, 2002, pp. 742~749.. Moore, W. J., Physical Chemistry, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1972, 220 pp. 4. Karsa, D. R., Surfactants in Polymers, Coatings, Inks and Adhesives, Blackwell Publishing, UK, 200, pp. 95~ , pp. 272~ w,, y Ÿ, œ»s gj p p w, w gj pwz ƒ w z, 12«, 2y, 2000, pp. 567~ ½, z, ³,»s»s gj p»s p w, w œwz, 9«, 4y, 2009, pp. 6~7. 8. Karsa, D. R., Surfactants in Polymers, Coatings, Inks and Adhesives, Blackwell Publishing, UK, 200, pp. 219~ Holmberg, K., Jnsson, B., Kronberg, B., and Lindman, B., Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution, John Wiley and Sons, England, 200, pp. 1~ û», y (I)-» p,, 1991, 220 pp. 11. ey,, ½, š y w»s gj p p w x, w wz, 18«, 7y, 2002, pp. 59~ , l sgj p w mj»s gj p, œ w, w, 2010, 155 pp. 1. Mehta, P. K. and Monteiro, P. J. M., Concrete : Micro- Structure, Properties, and Materials, McGraw-Hill, San Francisco, 2004, pp. 49~ ,,,»s gj p z w w, w wz, 17«, 2y, 1997, pp. 75~740. k» ww ƒ, ƒ w» š. v p mw w. ƒ w»s gj p q w» w,»s (AES, AOS, VS, FP)»s (1%, %, 5%),»s (0%, 50%, %)»s gj p Á w p p mw w š w. x, s w e»s ƒ sw t AOS w ƒ»s w û ùkû. FP t w j š s û» w w wš w»sƒ % w»s ƒ w. w,»s w ù, š AOS FP, VS FPƒ z ùkû. w,»s»s ƒw œ j» f œ x w ùkû»s w KS» w w ƒ. w, FP % w w x ƒ»s gj p q ƒ w xw q. w :»s,»s, t,»s gj p, w gj pwz 24«1y (2012)
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 12~17, 2007. A Study on the Preparation of Bone Ash and Celadon Bone Body Using Pig Bone Jae-Jin Jeong, Sang-Hee Lee, Yong-Seok Lee,* and Byung-Ha
07.051~058(345).fm
w wz 8«3y 2008 6 pp. 51 ~ 58 m qp yp š w k sƒ Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus based on Aged Asphalt Binder y*á **Á***Á**** Lee, Kwan-HoÁCho, Kyung-RaeÁLee, Byung-SikÁSong, Yong-Seon Abstract Development
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J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 106~111(2005) w y y w z œ k üœ» p ½ Á Á Á ³ Á Á½Ÿ w w w, *g», ** w w Effects of Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Pre-occupancy Stage
93.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 625~630, 2008. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-tricalcium Phosphate Sun-Ae
15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm
w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn,
14(4) 09.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 343~350(2007) w y y w z 14 «4 y 2007 yw» l s p»xá ³ *w w w œw, **w w w The Property of Pressure Distribution of Hybrid Underfloor Air Distribution
( )-113.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 657~661, 009. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.009.46.6.657 Rheological Properties of Cement Pastes Blended Finex-Slag Powder Keun Jae Lee, Seung Ho Byun, and
23(2) 71.fm
J. of Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng. [ ] Vol. 23, No. 2, 2009 w w w w w w Stud on the Fire Behaviour of Composite Beam with Loading and Unloading ½ *Á û**á½ ***Á½ Sung-Bae Kim* Chang-Nam Lee** Woo-Chul
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w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
87.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 489~495, 2007. Physical Properties of Ultrafine Ash Blended Cement Dong-Woo Yoo, Seung-Ho Byun, and Jong-Taek Song Department of New Materials
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 0~5, 011. DOI:10.191/KCERS.011.8.1.00 Solidification of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnesia-phosphate Cement HunG Choi, Hyun Ju Kang, Myung Shin Song,
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27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 735 ~ 743 gj p ª w š p w { ³ p Flexural Behavior and Cracking Characteristics of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites according to Fine Aggregate Contents *Á ³x**
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 336~344, 2008. Rheological Properties of Cement Paste Blended Blast Furnace Slag or Fly Ash Powder Jong Taek Song, Hyo Sang Park, Seung Ho Byun,
06.177~184(10-079).fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 177~184, April, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.2.177 x w w MRS w p s y 1) Á z 2) Á x 3) * 1) wû w œw 2) w œw 3) w Nonlinear Analysis for
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Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 2, 2008 w w w w Physical Identities of Bukchon Hanok Area Viewed from Literary Geography * Park, Cheol-Soo "CTUSBDU This study explores the beneficial
10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 63-70 Mg-3%Al-1%Zn w ƒœ» y Á x*á **Á Á w œw *w s l I ûer ** t Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
83.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 483~488, 2007. The Influence of on the Clinker Mineral Composition and Cement Quality Tae-Hyoung Eom, Won-Seok Kim, Chang-Bum Kim, Byeong-Yong
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 76~8, 010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.010.47.4.76 Adhesion Characteristic and Porosity Change of Alkali Silicate Impregnant of Concrete Hun Song, Yong Sik
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ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 5A Á 2010 9œ pp. 475 ~ 484 gj p ª v e p p PSC ƒ gv : II. x w Precast Concrete Copings for Precast Segmental PSC Bridge Columns : II. Experiments and Analyses ½kzÁ½ Á zá x Kim, Tae-HoonÁKim,
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w y wz 10«3y 265~271 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment y w w gj p ü e y y y w y Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 9, 2010 12 7 k) Effect of Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient and Critical
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 407~411, 2010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.5.407 Physical Properties of ALC with Various Fineness of Quartzite Yong Sik Chu, Ui Jong Jung, Hun Song,
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 373~380, 010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.010.47.5.373 The Properties of Restorative Cement Mortar with Insulation Performance for Improvement of Durability
11(1)-15.fm
w y wz 11«1y 73~80 (2011.8.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment SWMM 을이용한도시지역비점오염부하저류시설용량산정 Áw«Á *Áy **Á½ yá½ Á x w w Á* û w y œw Á** w y lœw (2011 6 13, 2011 6 27 k) Determine Capacity of
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol., No. 11, pp. 633~638, 007. Resistance of Alkali Activated Slag Cement Mortar to Sulfuric Acid Attack Kyung-San Min, Seung-Heun Lee Department of Material Science
19(1) 02.fm
Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor
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Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.326 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (II) II. w SPS p ½ *Á½ Á½{ a Á½ š b w œw, a w» gœ, b y œ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-Atomization
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w wz 16«2y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 2. 2006 ü t xy y w tœ ½ BÁ x BC B y w w w C y w w w Current Status and Expectations of Orphan Drugs in Korea -In point of supplying medicines for the rare
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Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.316 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (I) I. ƒ wy y Á xá½ Á½ *Á½{ a w œw, a w» gœ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-atomization Process
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Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2005, Vol. 49, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea 중학교과학교과서불꽃반응실험에서선스펙트럼관찰의문제점분석및개선연구 ½ Á Á * w w yw (2005. 10. 4 ) An Analysis and Improvement of the Line Spectrum
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 58~68, 2009. Rheological Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement - Blast Furnace Slag - Fly Ash Blends Containing Ground Fly Ash Hyo Sang Park,
89.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 510~516, 007. Consideration of Alkali-Silica Reaction of Mortar Containing Glass Abrasive Sludge Seung-Heun Lee, Hae-Jeong Hwang, Seung-Tae Lee,*
05.581~590(11-025).fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 581~590, October, 2011 GGGGG http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2011.23.5.581 š p w» j v p 1 Á 2 Á½ 2 Á 1 * 1 š w zy œw 2 w» Characteristics of Early-Age
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J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 145~154(2008) w y y w z 15 «2 y 2008 ³ l w sm ½ Á yáy * w y w, ** w w Recommended Sensitivity of a Fully-shielded Photosensor for a Daylight Dimming
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Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2007, Vol. 51, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea w x - w y *Á š w w w yw (2007. 3. 28 ) Case Study on Verbal Interactions of Teacher-Small Group StudentsG in
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 375~380, 2007. Tribological Properties of Carbon Layers Produced by High Temperature Chlorination in Comparison with DLC Coating Hyun-Ju Choi,
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J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 117~125(2007) w y y w z sm Ÿ š w œ l ³Á½ * w, **w w w Impact of Photosensor Sensitivity on the Control Performance of a Daylight Dimming System
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Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 44, N. 9, pp. 502~509, 2007. Examinatin n Applicatin f High-Perfrmance Cncrete using Fine Fly Ash as Replacement Material f Silica Fume Bum-Sik Lee, Sang-Kyu Kim,
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w y wz 9«( 2y) 91~96, 2006 J. f the Krean Sciety fr Envirnmental Analysis üy wƒ w y k p ½» w w œw Adsrptin Prperties f the Activated Carbns fr Remving Harmful Gases in Indr Envirnments In-Ki Kim Department
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ª Œª Œ 31ƒ 3B Á 2011 5œ pp. 265 ~ 276 ª w w s³ The Correlation Between the Moving Average of Precipitation and Groundwater Level in Korea Á½û» Yang, Jeong-SeokÁKim, Nam-Ki Abstract Precipitation data and
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w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«2y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.177-182(2006) x w e w 1) Á Ÿ 1) Á»û 2) 1) ƒm w q w 2) w w w The Effect of Media on Taking Plastic Surgery Chong-Hee Yun 1), Su-Kwang Sung 1) and
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J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 45-51 f m s p» w Á xá zá Ÿ Á w m œw Image Retrieval Based on Gray Scale Histogram Refinement and Horizontal Edge Features Sang-Uk Shin,
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 323~327, 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.4.323 Electrical Properties and Temperature Stability of Dysprosium and Erbium Co-doped Barium Titanate
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269 Ar v Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 t ½ t,, ½ w,, ½ w»œw Surface Reaction of Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 Thin Films in Inductively Coupled Ar Plasma w t œwz J. Kor. Inst. Surf. Eng. Vol. 41, No. 6, 2008. < > Dong-Pyo Kim,
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Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 xw z œ p w A Study on the Spatial Characteristics of the Concept of Non-sedentary in Contemporary Multi-housing Planning ½ * Kim, Mi-Kyoung
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Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.336 y-y w Sm-Fe w ƒ w zá *Á w»» The Effect of Excess Samarium Oxide on the PreparationG of Sm-Fe Alloy Powder by Reduction-diffusion
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 7, pp. 395~400, 2008. Preparation and its Characteristics of Fly Ash-based Geopolymeric Mortar using Low Grade Silica Waste Se Gu Son, Seung Yeob Hong,
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 63~68, 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.1.063 Effects of Substituting B 2 O 3 for P 2 O 5 on the Structure and Properties of SnO-P 2 O 5 Glass Systems
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 30~34, 2009. Optimization of Glass Wafer Dicing Process using Sand Blast Won Seo, Young-mo Koo*, Jae-Woong Ko**, and Gusung Kim Department of Electronic
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w y wz 8«( 2y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis Calix[6]arene w k š w *Á x Á Á«ƒm w yw, *w w yw Cesium Ion Selective Solid Contact Electrodes Based on Calix[6]arene Won-sik
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w m y Vol. 16(4), p. 53~61, 2011 œ 광물찌꺼기에함유된오염물질의안정화를위한표면차폐재의성능평가 ½ ³ 1 Á 1 *Á½ 2 Á½ 2 Á 3 Á 3 1 w œ w œw, 2 ( ) f lp, 3 w Ÿw œ Ÿw» Evaluation of Surface Water-preventing Materials on Stabilization of
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w œwz, 43«5y 2006 Textile Science and Engineering Vol. 43, No. 5, 2006 용융블렌드를이용한 PLA/PEG 블록공중합체의제조 Á w œw k Preparation of PLA/PEG Block Copolymer via Melt Blend %JGQN 5QQ ;QQP CPF &QPI 5WP,K 8q g yq r
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 11, pp. 744~749, 2008. The Influence of Polymer on the Early Hydration of OPC Phil-Hwan Park, Myong Shin Song*, and Kyoung Hee Lee** Isokorea Co.,ltd,
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y, 38«, 6y, 699-705, 2005 Econ. Environ. Geol., 38(6), 699-705, 2005 t sÿ y xk 1 Á s 2Á z 1 Á½ 1 Á e 3 1 w y w,» w, 2w y w, 3š w y w Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Geologic Environments on the
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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 256~261, 2010. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.3.256 Effect of Al Alloy Composition on Physical and Crystallographical Properties of Plasma Electrolytic
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2006, Vol. 50, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea 칼코겐이도핑된망간산화물의저온합성연구 k Á z Á, *Áy, * y w ù w yw x ù l w» ww (2006. 7. 13 ) Chimie Douce Synthesis of Chalcogen-Doped Manganese Oxides Seung Tae Lim,GDae
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Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 6, Vol. 5, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea w Polyacrylamide y ½ û * w yw (6. 9. 1 Thixotropic Properties of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Various Synthetic
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Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea w yw w w ½ Á Áw Á k * w yw w w w w w (2006. 8. 9 ) Relationship between Conceptual Understanding and Mapping Errors Induced in Learning
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w y wz 8«( 3y) 137~142, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis sw n w Polychlorinated Biphenyls»y Áwx Á yá w w yw Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Pohang and Gangseo, Busan
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2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea xw yw w w» e w z Á Á y Áw # Á k * w yw w w w w w # w w w (2006. 10. 30 ) Influences of Current Education Programs for Preservice Chemistry Teachers