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1 Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation Vol. 28 No. 4, October 2018 pissn eissn Original Article 한방복합치료를진행한회전근개파열환자치험 41 예 : 후향적관찰연구 이기언 *, 김영익 조경상 한시훈 김민균 민부기 허석원 임한빛 정연재 경희대학교대학원임상한의학교실 *, 대전자생한방병원한방재활의학과, 대전자생한방병원 Forty-one Cases of Rotator Cuff Injuries Treated by Complex Korean Medicine Treatment: A Retrospective Review Gi-Eon Lee, K.M.D.*,, Young-Ik Kim, K.M.D., Kyeong-Sang Jo, K.M.D., Si-Hoon Han, K.M.D., Min-Kyun Kim, K.M.D., Boo-Ki Min, K.M.D., Suk-Won Huh, K.M.D., Han-Bit Lim, K.M.D., Yun-Jae Jeong, K.M.D. Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University*, Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Daejeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine RECEIVED Sep 15, 2018 REVISED Oct 8, 2018 ACCEPTED Oct 15, 2018 CORRESPONDING TO Gi-Eon Lee, Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, 58 Munjeong-ro 48beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35262, Korea TEL (042) FAX (042) leekian4031@naver.com Copyright 2018 The Society of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the improvement of complex Korean Medicine treatment for patients with rotator cuff injuries and determine the clinical improvement by number of damaged lesion. Methods Forty-one patients who diagnosed with rotator cuff injury were included in the retrospective study. Patients were treated with acupuncture, electroacupuncture and pharmacopuncture. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Shoulder Pain and Disablity Index (SPADI) and EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D Index). Results Both NRS and SPADI scores were significantly reduced after treatment (p<0.01), but EQ-5D for assessing quality of life and clinical improvement by number of damaged lesion were no significant improvement (p>0.05). Conclusions These results show that patients with rotator cuff injuries could gain improvement from complex Korean Medicine. Further research is required to confirm the effectiveness of Korean Medicine treatment. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2018;28(4):81-87) Key words Korean Traditional Medicine, Acupuncture, Rotator cuff injuries, Shoulder pain 서론»»» 건강보험심사평가원에서발표한빅데이터의결과 2013 년 508,155명이었던회전근개파열환자가꾸준히증가하여 2017년 704,838명으로증가하였다. 또한인구가고령화되면서회전근개혈액순환의감소, 대사과정의변화등의퇴행성변화로회전근개파열이증가하며, 중년기이후만성적인견관절통증을일으키는가장흔한원인이되고있다 1,2). 회전근개파열의경우대부분견관절전방으로오는동통이있으며, 팔을사용할수록통증이심해지며, 팔을능동적으로외전시키는것이불가능한경우가있다. 또한야간에동통이심해지는경우가많아수면을방해할때가많다 3). 이러한파열정도에따라, 변연절제술및견봉성형술, 봉합술을시행하는경우가많다. 이는회전근개파열이후시간이경과함에따라파열의크기가증가하여, 조직의퇴축및근의위축이일어나는경우가많으며, 이후회전근개의지방변성을일으켜봉합수술시부정적인영향을 81
2 이기언 김영익 조경상 한시훈 김민균 민부기 허석원 임한빛 정연재 줄수있기때문이다 4,5). 하지만최근한국보건의료연구원 (National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency) 이회전근개파열환자를대상으로보존적치료와관절내시경수술의효과에대해서비교분석한결과통증완화및어깨관절기능의향상에있어서보존치료와수술치료간에큰차이가없다는것이밝혀졌다 6). 또한이전의많은연구에서회전근개증후군의경우주사및운동요법, 약물, 물리치료등의보존적치료후호전되는것으로보고되었으며, 더나아가파열이크지않은환자를대상으로보존적치료와수술적치료의효과에큰차이가없는것으로발표되었다. 또한회전근개의퇴행성변화를보인경우에도수술적치료와보존적치료의효과에차이를보이지않는것으로보고되었다 7-11). 고령의환자의경우회전근개파열이발생했음에도통증이없거나경미한정도를보이는경우가많아수술적처치에대한의심을해볼수있으며, 수술이후발생할수있는견관절의강직으로인해통증이발생할수있음을고려하여보존적치료를권유할수있다 12). 한방치료로침및약침, 봉침, 도침, 추나를이용하여 Visual Analogue Scale 및관절가동범위의개선을보인증례가있으며, 침치료와더불어능동이완기법을적용하여극상근건부분파열환자의통증호전을보인증례, 대용량약침을적용하여통증을경감시킨증례가있었다 13-18). 다만그증례가통계적으로유의하지않으며, EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) 을이용하여삶의질향상과 Shoulder Pain and Disablity Index (SPADI) 를이용하여견관절통증호전과기능의개선을보고한논문이부족한실정이다. 이에저자는 2017년 1월 1일부터 2018년 8월 31일까지대전자생한방병원에입원하여한방복합치료를받은 41명의회전근개파열환자를대상으로관찰연구를시행하여유의한결과를얻었기에이를보고하는바이다. 대상및방법»»» 1. 연구대상본연구는 2017년 1월 1일부터 2018년 8월 31일까지대전자생한방병원에서견관절부위로 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 을촬영한환자 59명중회전근개파열로 진단받은 41명의환자를대상으로하였다. 배제기준으로회전근개파열진단및한방치료의호전도에영향을줄수있는견관절의염증성질환 ( 감염성및자가면역질환 ), 기형, 수술의경력이있는환자는모집에서제외하였다. 2. 연구방법본연구는관찰연구로대전자생한방병원에서회전근개파열로진단받은환자 41명의의무기록을수집하여분석하였다. 본연구의통계는 SPSS 23.0 Windows 프로그램 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) 을사용하여분석하였으며, 수집한의무기록의세부항목은다음과같다. 1) 성별및연령 2) 입원기간 3) Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 4) SPADI 5) EQ-5D 3. 치료방법 1) 침치료침시술에사용된침은일회용 Stainless Steel 호침 ( mm, Dongbang Medical, Seongnam, Korea) 을사용하였으며, 측와위로시행하였다. 取穴은근위취혈로환측의肩髃 (LI 15), 肩髎 (TE 14), 臑兪 (SI 10), 肩貞 (SI 9), 巨骨 (LI 16), 曲垣 (SI 13), 秉風 (SI 12) 등에 0.5~1.0 cm 의깊이로 15분간유침하였다. 침치료는입원당일부터 1일 2회시행하였으며, 임상경력 2년이상의시술자 2인이오전, 오후로각 1회씩진행하였다. 2) 전침치료전침기는 Goodpl GP-304N (Goodpl, Wonju, Korea) 을사용하였다. 전침치료에사용한혈위는肩貞 (SI 9), 肩髃 (LI 15) 2부위에 8 Hz 이상파의전침자극을 15분동안진행하였다. 침치료와동일하게입원당일부터 1일 2회시행하였으며, 임상경력 2년이상의시술자 2인이오전, 오후로각 1회씩진행하였다. 3) 약침치료약침치료에사용된주사기는일회용 Insulin syringe 82 J Korean Med Rehabil 2018;28(4):81-87
3 한방복합치료를진행한회전근개파열환자치험 41 예 : 후향적관찰연구 (29G 12.7 mm, 1 ml, Scmedical, Gumi, Korea) 였으며, 측와위로시행하였다. 약침치료에사용한혈위는肩髃 (LI 15), 肩髎 (TE 14) 의 2부위이며, 신바로약침 (Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Namyangju, Korea) 을국부경혈 1 cm 깊이에 0.5 ml씩총 1 ml를直刺후당겨보아혈관에刺入됨이없음을확인후주입하였다. 침치료및전침치료와동일하게입원당일부터 1일 2회시행하였으며, 임상경력 2년이상의시술자 2인이오전, 오후로각 1회씩진행하였다. 4. 분류기준및평가방법 1) NRS 통증평가로 0~10까지통증정도를숫자로표현하여환자의통증정도를기록하였다. 환자본인의통증정도에따라 0점은통증없음, 10점은가장극심한통증을기준으로환자가선택하였다 19). NRS의측정은입원당일과퇴원일에시행하였으며, 호전도는입원당시값과퇴원시값의차이로하였다. 2) SPADI 견관절의통증과장애의두가지영역의점수를평균낸것으로 13개의평가항목과 2개의부속척도로구성되어있다. 견관절의가장완벽한상태는 0으로, 가장불편한상태는 100으로표시되어있으며, 높은타당도와민감도를보인다 20). SPADI의측정은입원당일과퇴원일에시행하였으며, 호전도는입원당시값과퇴원시값의차이로하였다. 3) EQ-5D EQ-5D 는운동능력, 자기관리, 일상활동, 통증및불편감, 불안및우울의다섯가지측면에서본인의건강상태변화를평가하는도구로발전하였으며, 각측면별응답으로 전혀지장이없다, 약간지장이있다, 중간정도의지장이있다, 심한지장이있다, 불가능하다 의다섯가지문항으로구성되어있으며, 환자본인의건강상태및삶의질에따라선택하였고, 분석에사용된가중치및건강상태값은 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) Crosswalk value sets를참고하여산출하였다 21). EQ-5D 의측정은입원당일과퇴원일에시행하였으며, 호전도는입원당시 값과퇴원시값의차이로하였다. 5. 자료분석및통계처리본연구의구체적인통계방법은다음과같다. 1) 회전근개파열로진단받은환자의성별및연령, 입원기간등일반적특성은실수, 백분율등의서술통계로확인하였다. 2) 모든자료는정규성검정 (Shapiro-Wilk test) 을진행하였다. 3) 환자의 NRS, SPADI, EQ-5D Index 의치료전후호전도는정규성검정에따라 Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test를이용하여분석하였다. 4) 회전근개손상부위수에따른치료전후호전도비교는정규성검정에따라 Mann-Whitney U-test를진행하였다. 유의수준 p<0.05 수준에서유의성을검정하였고위기준을만족할경우통계적유의성이있는것으로판단하였다. 모든측정치는 Mean±standard deviation으로표시하였다. NRS 및 SPADI 결과값은소수점셋째자리에서반올림하였으며, EQ-5D 의값은소수점넷째자리에서반올림하였다. p값은소수점넷째자리에서반올림하였다. 6. 윤리적검토본연구는환자의개인식별정보를기록하지않은후향적, 전자차트분석연구로, 자생임상시험심사위원회에서 2018 년 9월 9일자승인번호 로연구승인을받았으며, 연구에참여하게된환자들에게는입원당시학술자료활용에동의하는내용으로서면동의를대신하였다. 결과»»» 1. 성별및연령분포성별분포는남성이 23명, 여성이 18명이었다. 평균연령은 49.05±12.96세이며, 연령별분포는 20대가 5명 (12.20%), 30대가 4명 (9.76%), 40대가 10명 (24.39%), 50대가 13명 (31.71%), 60대가 7명 (17.07%), 70대가 2명 (4.88%) 이었다. 83
4 이기언 김영익 조경상 한시훈 김민균 민부기 허석원 임한빛 정연재 남녀간의차이는크지않았으나연령별분포에서 50대및 40대의환자들이다른나이대에비해많은비율을차지하였다 (Table Ⅰ). 2. 입원기간별분포입원기간별분포로 1주일이내입원이 11명 (26.83%), 1주이상 2주이내입원이 14명 (34.15%), 2주이상 3주이내입원이 11명 (26.83%), 3주이상입원이 5명 (12.20%) 이었다. 최저입원일수는 4일, 최고입원일수는 46일이었으며, 평균입원일수는 12.83±8.20일이었다 (Table Ⅰ). 3. 회전근개손상부위별분포회전근개손상부위로극상근의단독손상이 25명 (60.98%), 극하근의단독손상이 4명 (9.76%), 극상근과극하근동반손상이 11명 (26.83%), 극상근과견갑하근동반손상이 1 명 (2.44%) 이었다. 회전근개파열중극상근이가장많은파열을보였으며, 소원근의파열환자는관찰되지않았다 (Table Ⅰ). 4. 치료에대한호전도 1) NRS 통증의감소를평가하고치료의유의성을확인하기위해서치료전후견관절통증의 NRS 호전도를 Shapiro-Wilk test를이용하여정규성검정을진행하였으나, 정규분포를따르지않으므로 (p<0.05) 비모수검정인 Wilcoxon Signed- Ranks test 를통해치료의유의성을확인하였다. NRS Index 의경우치료전 5.68±1.01에서 4.12±1.55로 1.56±1.32 의호전도를보였으며, 통계적으로유의하였다 (p<0.001) (Table Ⅱ). 2) SPADI 회전근개파열환자의견관절통증과기능적장애정도를측정하기위하여치료전후 SPADI 호전도를 Shapiro-Wilk test를이용하여정규성검정을진행하였으나, 정규분포를따르지않으므로 (p<0.05) 비모수검정인 Wilcoxon Signed- Ranks test를통해치료의유의성을확인하였다. SPADI Index 의경우치료전 54.69±21.95에서치료후 43.68± Table Ⅰ. Distribution of Sex, Age, Hospitalization Period and Rotator Cuff Injuries N (%) Sex Male 23 (23.68) Female 18 (76.32) Age (years) 20~29 5 (12.20) 30~39 4 (9.76) 40~49 10 (24.39) 50~59 13 (31.71) 60~69 7 (17.07) 70~79 2 (4.88) Hospitalization period (week) <1 11 (26.83) 1~2 14 (34.15) 2~3 11 (26.83) >3 5 (12.20) Rotator cuff injuries Supraspinatus muscle 25 (60.98) Infraspinatus muscle 4 (9.76) Supraspinatus with infraspinatus muscle 11 (26.83) Supraspinatus with subscapular muscle 1 (2.44) Total 41 (100) Values are presented as n (%) 로 11.01±19.70의호전도를보였으며, 통계적으로유의하였다 (p<0.01) (Table Ⅱ). 3) EQ-5D 삶의질이어느정도개선되었는지를알아보기위해서치료전후의 EQ-5D 호전도를 Shapiro-Wilk test를이용하여정규성검정을진행하였으나, 정규분포를따르지않으므로 (p<0.05) 비모수검정인 Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test를이용하여치료의유의성을분석하였다. 치료전후 EQ-5D Index 의경우치료전 0.673±0.127에서치료후 0.677±0.200으로 0.003±0.188의미약호전도를보였으나통계적유의성은없었다 (p>0.05) (Table Ⅱ). 5. 회전근개손상부위수에따른호전도차이비교 손상부위수에따른호전도차이를비교하기위하여 84 J Korean Med Rehabil 2018;28(4):81-87
5 한방복합치료를진행한회전근개파열환자치험 41 예 : 후향적관찰연구 Table Ⅱ. Changes on NRS, SPADI, EQ-5D between Before and After Treatment N Before treatment After treatment Improvement p-value * NRS ± ± ± SPADI ± ± ± EQ-5D ± ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. NRS: Numeric Rating Scale, SPADI: Shoulder Pain and Disablity Index, EQ-5D: EuroQol-5 Dimension. * Using Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test. Table Ⅲ. Comparison of Improvement Differences with Number of Injury Lesion N Number of injury lesion p-value * NRS improvement 41 1 lesion and 2 lesion SPADI improvement 41 1 lesion and 2 lesion NRS: Numeric Rating Scale, SPADI: Shoulder Pain and Disablity Index. * Using Mann-Whitney U-test. 비모수검정인 Mann-Whitney U-test를이용하여분석하였다. 회전근개단독손상으로진단받은환자 29명과극상근과극하근, 극상근과견갑하근등 2부위손상으로진단받은환자 12명을비교하였으며, NRS와 SPADI의호전도의차이는통계적으로유의성이없었다 (p>0.05). 단, 호전도에통계적으로유의성이없었던 EQ-5D 는제외하였다 (Table Ⅲ). 고찰»»» 회전근개파열환자에게보존적치료와수술적치료는파열이진행되는것을막거나늦추며, 국소염증을완화시켜통증을줄이는데목적이있다. 더나아가회전근개가상완골두를관절와의중심에적절히위치하게하여견관절의안정성을도모하고, 이로인해일상생활을원활하게해야한다 2). 다만, 파열의크기가클수록보존적치료를통하여증상의호전을기대하기어려우며, 시간이경과함에따라파열의크기가증가하고조직의퇴축이진행되는경우가많다. 이러한경우수술적처치가진행이되더라도견관절의운동및통증회복을기대하기어려운경우가많으므로초기에수술적처치가적극적으로권유되기도한다 22,23). 하지만파열의크기가작은경우수술적처치와보존적치료의효과가큰차이가없다는연구가있으며, 작은파 열의경우파열이큰경우와비교하여느리게파열진행을보이므로초기에충분히보존적치료를고려할수있다는연구가진행되었다 24,25). 또한고령의환자의경우회전근개파열이심하게발생했음에도통증이없거나경미한경우가많으므로외상의병력이없는경우보존적치료를고려해볼수있으며, 환자의나이와활동능력및일상생활, 치료이후통증회복에대한기대정도, 회전근개부위의지방변성정도, 근위축및퇴축정도등을종합적으로고려하여치료를진행해야한다 26). 기존의보존적치료는염증을줄이기위하여휴식및진통소염제의경구복용, 스테로이드주사제의사용등이있으며, 이후운동과기능을회복하기위하여근력강화및스트레칭이권유되고있다. 이외에한의학적치료를진행하여통증완화및기능의개선을보인연구들이있었으나, 그증례가적고, 파열부위수에따른통증및기능장애의차이에대한연구는부족한실정이다. 이에저자는본원에서촬영한견관절 MRI상회전근개파열로진단받은입원환자에게한의학적치료를통한통증호전및기능개선에대하여연구하였으며, 이를통해유의한결과를얻을수있었다. 본연구대상에서회전근개파열로진단받은환자 41명중남성이 23명, 여성이 18명으로남녀비율은 1:1.28로큰차이를보이지않았으나, 평균연령은 49.05±12.96세로 50대와 40대가많은비중을차지하였다. 이는많지않 85
6 이기언 김영익 조경상 한시훈 김민균 민부기 허석원 임한빛 정연재 은증례이나중년층이상에서관절질환의유병률이높게발생한다는통계와관련이있을것으로생각된다 27). 입원기간별분포와관련하여평균입원기간은 ±8.20일이었으며, 대부분의환자가 3주이내의입원치료를받고퇴원을진행하였다. 1주일이내입원치료한환자 11명과관련하여입원치료이전의생활및치료가본연구의결과에영향을줄수있으므로추가적인연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 회전근개손상부위별분포와관련하여극상근이 25명 (16.98%) 으로가장많은부분을차지하였으며, 극상근과극하근의동반손상이 11명 (26.83%) 으로두번째를차지하였다. 극상근이회전근개에서다빈도로손상이나타나는지와관련한뚜렷한연구결과는없으나, 극상근건의부착부위및운동역학에따라인장력에자주노출되어파열에취약한것으로볼수있다 26). 또한극상근건이파열된경우극하근이견갑하근에비하여인정력에노출되는경우가많으므로극상근과극하근의동반손상이많은부분을차지했을것으로생각된다 26). 치료결과와관련하여 NRS는 5.68±1.01에서 4.12±1.55 로 1.56±1.32의호전도를보여통계적으로유의한호전결과 (p<0.001) 가나타났다. SPADI는 54.69±21.95에서 ±21.28로 11.01±19.70의호전도를보여 NRS와마찬가지로통계적으로유의한호전결과 (p<0.01) 가나타났다. 하지만 EQ-5D 의경우 0.673±0.127에서 0.677±0.200로 ±0.188의호전도를보였으며, 미미한호전결과와더불어통계적으로유의성이없었다 (p>0.05). 더나아가회전근개손상부위수에따른호전도결과를비교하였으며, 호전도에통계적으로유의성이없었던 EQ-5D 항목을제외한 NRS와 SPADI를비교하였다. 비교결과손상부위수에따른 NRS 및 SPADI의호전도차이는통계적으로유의하지않았다 (p>0.05). 위의연구결과로한의학적치료가회전근개파열환자의 NRS 및 SPADI의치료전후 Index 에유의한호전을보인다는것을알수있었다. 다만, 한방치료와관련하여증례보고와같은단순관찰연구만있으며, 통계적으로비교한연구가없어본연구와비교할수없었다. 본연구의한계점은다음과같다. 우선본연구는후향적관찰연구로대조군의설정이이루어지지않아한의학적치료가회전근개파열환자의통증및기능개선, 삶의질향상등의효과를밝혀내기어려운한계가있다. 또한회전근개의각각의근육의파열정도및퇴축정도를고려하여연구를진행하지않아회전근개파열진행정도와한의학적치료호전도의인과성을입증하기어려웠다. 또한치료이후지속적인외래추시가어려웠던점이있었다. 차후이러한점들을보완하여추가적인연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 결론»»» 2017년 1월 1일부터 2018년 8월 31일까지대전자생한방병원에서견관절통증을호소하여자기공명영상을촬영한입원환자 41명을대상으로한연구의결론은다음과같다. 1. 한방복합치료를통하여회전근개파열환자에게통증 (NRS) 호전과견관절기능적장애 (SPADI) 의개선을확인할수있었다. 단, 회전근개손상부위수에따른통증 (NRS) 과견관절기능적장애 (SPADI) 의차이는통계적으로유의성이없었다. 2. 본연구는단순관찰연구로회전근개파열환자에대한한의학적치료의효과를입증하기위하여발전된연구가필요하다고생각된다. References»»» 1. Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Clinical Statistical Statistics Index [Internet] 2018 [cited 2018 Aug 29]. Available from: URL: r/op/opc/olap4thdsinfo.do. 2. Neer CS 2nd. Impingement lesions. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;(173): Song HS. Rotator cuff disease: pathophysiology. Journal of Korean Arthroscopy Soc. 2005;9(1): Zingg PO, Jost B, Sukthankar A, Buhler M, Pfirrmann CW, Gerber C. Clinical and structural outcomes of nonoperative management of massive rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(9): Keener JD, Galatz LM, Teefey SA, Middleton WD, Steger-May K, Stobbs-Cucchi G, Patton R, Yamaguchi K. A prospective evaluation of survivorship of asymptomatic degenerative rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(2): Lim JY, Choi JE, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim YJ, Do HK, Seo 86 J Korean Med Rehabil 2018;28(4):81-87
7 한방복합치료를진행한회전근개파열환자치험 41 예 : 후향적관찰연구 SW, Lee SU, Lee WH, Lee JH, Jang SN, Chung SG, Choi SG, Hwang JS. Comparative effectiveness research of conservative treatment and rotator cuff repair for the patient with rotator cuff tears. NECA. 2015: Lee WH, Do HK, Lee JH, Kim BR, Noh JH, Choi SH, Chung SG, Lee SU, Choi JE, Kim S, Kim MJ, Lim JY. Clinical outcomes of conservative treatment and arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears: a retrospective observational study. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(2): Kukkonen J, Joukainen A, Lehtinen J, Mattila KT, Tuominen EK, Kauko T, Aärimaa V. Treatment of non-traumatic rotator cuff tears: A randomised controlled trial with one-year clinical results. Bone Joint J. 2014; 96-B(1): Moosmayer S, Lund G, Seljom US, Haldorsen B, Svege IC, Hennig T, Pripp AH, Smith HJ. Tendon repair compared with physiotherapy in the treatment of rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled study in 103 cases with a five-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96(18): Moosmayer S, Lund G, Seljom U, Svege I, Hennig T, Tariq R, Smith HJ. Comparison between surgery and physiotherapy in the treatment of small and medium-sized tears of the rotator cuff: a randomised controlled study of 103 patients with one-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010;92(1): Itoi E. Surgical repair did not improve functional outcomes more than conservative treatment for degenerative rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(4): Neer CS 2nd. Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54(1): Park MJ, Min SJ, You KG, Yeam SR, Kwon YD,Kim SH. A clinical case of the oriental medical treatment for the patient with partial tear of rotator cuff. J Korean Med Rehabil. 2012;22(2): Choi YJ, Moon BH, Lee JH, Shin DJ, Yun YU, Chung JH, Cheong SH, Yoo SB. A case report of supraspinatus tendinitis and subdeltoid bursitis patient improved by Korean Medicine treatment with Shinbaro3 pharmacopuncture. J Korean Med Rehabil. 2015;25(4): Kim HS, Heo WY, Hyun MK, Kim JS, Gang A. Four case of partial tear of supraspinatus tendon treated by acupotomy combined oriental medical treatments. The Acupuncture. 2014;31(1): Lee GJ, Lee BY, Song YK, Lim HH. The case report of Chuna treatment on supraspinatus tendinitis with kyphotic cervical curvature. The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerve. 2008;3(2): Lee SJ, Park JH, Nam SH, Kang JH. Two clinical cases of active release technique with Koeran Medicine treatment for supraspinatus tendon partial tear. The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves 2014;9(1): Song KC, Seo JY, Song SB, Cho MU, Choi BS, Ryu WH, Kim DR, Jeon YH. A case report on the improvement of range of motion and pain relief for patients diagnosed with supraspinatus tendinosis, subacromial bursitis and subdeltoid bursitis treated with megadose Shinbaro pharmacopuncture. Journal of Haehwa Medicine. 2017;26(1): Wall PD, Melzack R. Textbook of pain. 3rd ed. Seoul: Jungdam Publication. 2002: Beaton DE, Richads RR. Assesing the reliabilty and responsiveness of 5 shoulder questionnaires. J shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;7(6): EuroQol Group. EQ-5D-5L Crosswalk value sets [Internet] 2017 [cited 2018 Sep 4]. Available from: URL: oqol.org/eq-5d-instruments/eq-5d-5l-about/valuation-stan dard-value-sets/crosswalk-index-value-calculator/. 22. Lambers Heerspink FO, van Raay JJ, Koorevaar RC, van Eerden PJ, Westerbeek RE, van't Riet E, van den Akker-Scheek I, Diercks RL. Comparing surgical repair with conservative treatment for degenerative rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(8): McElvany MD, McGoldrick E, Gee AO, Neradilek MB, Matsen FA 3rd. Rotator cuff repair: published evidence on factors associated with repair integrity and clinical outcome. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(2): Moosmayer S, Tariq R, Stiris M, Smith HJ. The natural history of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears: a three-year follow-up of fifty cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013; 95(14): Tashjian RZ. Epidemiology, natural history, and indications for treatment of rotator cuff tears. Clin Sports Med. 2012;31(4): Chun JM. Pathophysiology of the rotator cuff tear. J Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society. 2006;9(1): Son MS, KiM JD National Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook. Seoul:Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, National Health Insurance Service. 2014:
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