06-08배서영
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1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 대한족부족관절학회지제 17 권제 3 호 2013 J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. Vol. 17. No. 3. pp , 2013 족부의말초신경병변으로인한통증에서피리독신의사용 인제대학교상계백병원정형외과학교실, 대한민국육군 5882 부대 3 포병여단 * 배서영 정의엽 오수찬 * Pyridoxine in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Related Foot Pain Su-Young Bae, M.D., Ph.D., Eui Yub Jung, M.D., Su Chan Oh, M.D.* Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea, The 3rd Artillery Brigade, 5882 Unit, Republic of Korea* =Abstract= Purpose: We analyzed retrospectively the effect of pyridoxine in the treatment of peripheral nerve related foot pain because we have seen favorable clinical results from it as a monotherapy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the clinical results of 200 cases of peripheral nerve related foot pain, treated with pyridoxine from March 2009 to February We devided them into three groups, peripheral neuritis, Morton s neuroma and posttraumatic neuralgia and recorded percentage of improvement of pain, compared to initial pain level at 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Results: There were 127 peripheral neuritis cases, 22 Morton s neuroma and 51 posttraumatic neuralgia. At 2 weeks after treatment, 135 cases(67.5%) showed pain relief. At 6 weeks, 36 cases(21%) showed complete improvement of pain, 81 cases(47%) showed more than 50 % of improvement, 22 cases(13%) showed less than 50% of improvement and 33 cases(19%) showed no improvement. There are 4 cases of gastrointestinal discomfort and 2 cases of aggravation of nervy pain. Conclusion: Pyridoxine was effective drug in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain in terms of pain relief, safety and cost effectiveness. So it can be an available first line drug before adding other drugs. Key Words: Foot, Neuropathic pain, Medication, Pyridoxine Received: July 14, 2013 Revised: August 11, 2013 Accepted: August 20, 2013 Corresponding Author: Su-Young Bae Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sang-Gye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Dongil-ro 1342, Sanggye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: Fax: youngos@paik.ac.kr 본논문의요지는 2011 년도대한정형외과학회추계학술대회에서발표되었음. 서론 말초신경병성통증의치료는원인질환이나동반된질환을교정하여야하지만많은경우에정확한원인을알기어렵기때문에증상치료에초점을맞추고있지만치료약물의선택과용량의결정이쉽지않다. 일반적으로일차약물로는삼환계항우울제, Gabapentin,
2 배서영 정의엽 오수찬 Pregabalin, 리도케인도포제, 아편유사진통제등 1,2) 이있고, 이차약물에는 venlafaxine, duloxetine 등의세로토닌-노르에프네프린재흡수억제제, Carbamazepine, Valporic acid 등의항간질제를등 2) 이있다. 또한대체요법으로 3) Alpha-lipoic Acid, 4) Acetyl-L-Carnitine, 5) Vitamin E, 6) Glutathione, 7) 티아민 (Thiamine), 8) Methylcobalamin, 9) Folate, 10) 피리독신 (Pyridoxine), 11) N-acetylcysteine, 12) 캡사이신국소도포제 13) 등이말초신경병성통증에서효과가있다고발표되고있다. 저자들은통상적으로일차약물과병합요법으로쓰이는피리독신을단독으로투여해도효과가양호했던경우들을경험하였기에피리독신단독투여증례를후향적으로분석하여약물효과를평가해보고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 연구대상 2009년 3월부터 2012년 2월까지말초신경병변으로인한족부통증을 6주이상호소하는환자중피리독신을투여하였던환자 200명을대상으로임상적결과를후향적으로분석하였다. 연령분포는평균 53.6 세 (16~88세) 였으며남자가 71례, 여자가 129례였다. 2. 연구방법 1) 피리독신투여방법모든환자들은피리독신 100 mg을 1일 2회 2주간복용하도록하였고투여후 2주째통증정도를평가하여, 자각할수있는정도의호전유무에따라 2개의군으로나누었다. 첫번째군은자각할수있는통증호전이있는경우로그중통증이거의소실된경우에는 50 mg 1일 2회로약물용량을줄여 4주간복용후중단 Figure 1. Treatment protocol of using pyridoxine
3 족부의말초신경병변으로인한통증에서피리독신의사용 하였고, 그이외의경우에는 2주간 100 mg 1일 2회용량으로복용후 50 mg 1일 2회로약용량을줄여 12주간복용후중단하였다. 두번째군은자각할수있는통증호전이없는경우로그중통증조금이라도호전이있는군은 100 mg 1일 2회용량으로 2주간더복용후 50% 이상의증상이호전이있는경우 50 mg 1일 2 회로약용량을줄여 12주간복용후중단하였고, 증상의호전이 50% 미만인경우다른약물을병합하여치료하였다. 그외의전혀통증호전이없는예에대해서는복용을중단하거나다른약물을병합하여치료하였다 (Fig. 1). 단환자가파킨슨병을가지고있어레보도파를투약하고있는경우는투약대상에서제외하였다. 2) 임상증상평가방법각증례를원인질환에따라말초신경염으로인한통증, 족부지간신경종에의한통증, 족관절접질림후천비골신경을따라신경인성통증을호소하는외상후신경통증으로나누어기록하였다. 임상결과는투약후 2주째첫외래추시에서환자가호전을인지하는경우와아닌경우로나누었으며, 6주째외래추시에서통증의호전정도를기존통증과비교하여백분율로평가하여 4단계로기록하여분석하였다. 부작용및증상의악화에대해서도기록하였다. 결과 대상환자에서말초신경염군은 127례, 족부신경종에의한통증군은 22례, 외상후신경통증군은 51례였다. 평균추시기간은 70.6일이었다. 1. 2주째추시결과통증의호전정도는 200례중 135례 (67.5%) 에서통증의호전을보였으며 (Fig. 2), 말초신경염군은 86 례 (67.7%), 족부신경종에의한통증군은 17례 (77.2%), 외상후신경통군은 32례 (62.7%) 에서통증의호전을보였다. 2. 6주째추시결과통증의호전정도는완전호전, 50% 이상호전, 50% 미만호전, 호전없음의 4개의경우로나누어평가하였고 6주째타약제병합요법을사용하고있는예를제외한 172예중에서완전호전된예는 36례 (21%), 50% 이상호전된예는 81례 (47%), 50% 미만호전된예는 22례 (13%), 호전없음은 33례 (19%) 였다 (Fig. 3). 3. 6주째임상질환별결과말초신경염군총 102례에서완전호전된예는 24례, 50% 이상호전된예는 47례, 50% 미만호전인예는 10 례, 호전없음은 21례였고, 족부신경종에의한통증군은총 20례에서완전호전된예는 2례, 50% 이상호전된예는12례, 50% 미만호전된예는3례, 호전없음은 3례였다. 외상후신경통군에서는전체 50례에서완전호전된예는 10례, 50% 이상호전된예는 22례, 50% 미만호전된예는 19례, 호전없음은 9례였다 (Fig. 4). Figure 2. Results of symptom improvement at 2 weeks. Figure 3. Results of symptom improvement at 6 weeks
4 배서영 정의엽 오수찬 4. 타약제와의병합 6주째타약제 (Pregabalin 또는 antidepressant) 를병합하여약물치료를지속하고있던경우는전체 200 례중 28례였다. 5. 약물부작용약복용후위장관장애의부작용이총 200례중 4례에서나타났으며약복용후증상이악화된경우는 2례있어, 2주추시때약물을중단하고, 타약제로교체하였다. 고찰 말초신경병증은매우흔한질환으로우리나라의경우정확한통계가밝혀져있지않으나, 미국의경우전체유병률은 14.8% 정도이며나이가많아질수록증가하여 80세이상에서는 34.7% 에이른다고알려져있다. 14) 대사장애, 감염, 혈관염, 외상, 종물, 독소, 약물및유전적이상에의해말초신경병증이발생되는것으로알려져있으나대부분의경우원인을알수없는경우가많다. 피리독신의정확한작용기전은알려져있지않지만, 신경전달물질합성의조효소로작용을하며신경전달물질합성및단백질합성에관여하여말초신경에서다양한작용을하는것으로생각되고있다. 15,16) Abbas 등 11) 은말초신경병성통증을호소하는당뇨병환자에서 4주간 50 mg 피리독신과 25 mg 티아민을복용하였을때각각의약물을 1 mg 복용한대조군과비교하여 48.9% 의증상의호전있다고보고하였다. Ellis 등 17) 은피리독신의결핍이수근관증후군의한가지원인으로생각될수있으며피리독신을 50 mg에서 300 mg 의용량으로 12주간투약하였을때 97.4% 의환자에서증상의호전을보여수술적치료를받지않았다고하였다. 이뿐만아니라피리독신은결핵의치료제인아이소나이아지드 (INH) 의중독에의한말초신경병증의치료제로도사용되고있다. 18) 본연구에서는피리독신을말초신경병변관련족부통증을호소하는환자에게투여하였고, 2주후첫외래추시에서총환자의 67.5% 에서 50% 이상의자각할수있는통증의호전을보였으며, 6주째추시에서는 172 례중에서 68% 에서 50% 이상의증상호전을보였다. 이와같은결과를통해투약후 2주뒤호전정도와마지막추시에서평가한통증의호전정도간에상관관계가있다고판단할수있다. 따라서 2주뒤통증의호전정도를평가하여투약기간을결정할수있었으며향후치료방향을결정할수있을것으로사료된다. 또 Figure 4. Symptom changes at 6 weeks follow up in each disease group
5 족부의말초신경병변으로인한통증에서피리독신의사용 한 6주째추시에서조금이라도호전을보인환자가 172례중 139례 (81%) 이라는점은피리독신단독투여가효과적임을나타낸다. 각군에서는첫 2주째외래추시에서말초신경염군 67.7%, 족부신경종에의한통증군 77.2%, 외상후신경통 62.7% 로모든군에서높은통증호전율을보였으며, 6주째추시에서각군간의호전율비교했을때, 50% 이상호전된경우가각군간의차이없이가장높은비율을차지하고있다는점은질환의군과는상관없이피리독신의투여가좋은효과를보인다는것을시사한다. 6주째추시시점에서타약제와병합요법을사용한 28례의호전정도평가에서완전호전 7%, 50% 이상호전 14%, 50% 미만호전 25%, 호전없음 54% 의결과를보였다. 이러한결과에서피리독신단독투여에대한효과가없는환자에서는타약제를병합하여도호전없거나호전이미미할가능성이높다고생각해볼수있다. 과량의피리독신을투여할경우말초감각신경장애, 운동장애, 자율신경장애, 심한경우호흡장애등의심각한부작용등이보고되었으나, 15,19) 본연구에서는 2% 의위장관운동장애 1% 의통증악화등의적은예에서경미한부작용이발생하였으며, 타약물과병합요법시에도특별한부작용이없다는점으로보아안전하다고할수있다. 단, 파킨슨병에사용하는레보도파와병용하지않아야한다는점은유의해야할사항이다. 또한통증호전이있는경우 12주까지사용후중단했을때치료전수준의통증으로재발한경우는없었다는점은다른신경병증약물에비해약물중단이용이하다는것을시사한다. 그리고말초신경병성통증의치료제로현재많이사용되고있는다른약제에비해약가가 10분의 1에서 20분의 1 정도로매우저렴하여경제적이라는점도장점이라할수있다. 신경병증성통증이일반적인통증과는다른다양한양상을가지기때문에, 통상적으로사용하는통증사상척도 (visual analog scale) 로평가하기힘들다. 또한자각증상을통한통증호전의평가방법자체가불완전할수있다. 따라서본연구에서는초기증상대비, 추시때증상의호전정도를백분율로환산하는호전율의개념을사용하여신경병증성통증의양상을수치화하였다. 본연구의제한점중하나는말초신경염으로인한다양한임상증상, 즉찌르는통증, 저림을동반한통증, 화끈거리는통증, 형언하기어려운이상감각과동반된통증등다양한증상에대해이를구분하여증상의호전정도를관찰하고기록하지않았기때문에의무기록을이용한후향적관찰분석인본논문에서는이에대해구분하여기술할수없었던점이다. 따라서향후에는통증의특징별로임상결과를분석해보아도좋은연구가될수있을것으로생각된다. 또한본연구는후향적연구이기때문에말초신경병변과관련된족부통증의원인질환에대한진단및분류가부정확할수있으며, 타과적인문제로인해복용하고있는약물이통증및피리독신의약효에미칠수있는영향에대한분석이간과되었다는데에그한계점이있다. 하지만이런한계점에도불구하고피리독신단독투여의효용성, 안정성및경제성에대한결과는고무적이라고할수있다. 결론 본연구에서말초신경병변으로인한통증에서피리독신은비교적안전하고효과적인약물이라고할수있었으며, 의료비용을줄이고약물투여기간을단축시킬수있어타약제와의병합요법이전에일차선택약물로서추천할만하다고사료된다. REFERENCES 01. Boyle J, Eriksson ME, Gribble L, et al. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Amitriptyline, Duloxetine, and Pregabalin in Patients With Chronic Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Impact on pain, polysomnographic sleep, daytime functioning, and quality of life. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: Chung KJ, Lee JH, Hwang CJ, Ahn MW. A Treatment Guideline for Neuropathic Pain. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2011;18: Kathleen A. Head, ND. Peripheral Neuropathy: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Alternative Therapies. Alternative Medicine Review. 2006;11: Ametov AS, Barinov A, Dyck PJ, et al. The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with
6 배서영 정의엽 오수찬 alpha-lipoic acid: the SYDNEY trial. Diabetes Care. 2003;26: Sima AA, Calvani M, Mehra M, Amato. A Acetyl-Lcarnitine improves pain, nerve regeneration, and vibratory perception in patients with chronic diabetic neuropathy: an analysis of two randomized placebo-controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2005;28: Tutuncu NB, Bayraktar M, Varli K. Reversal of defective nerve conduction with vitamin E supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a preliminary study. Diabetes Care. 1998;21: van Dam PS, van Asbeck BS, Van Oirschot JF, et al. Glutathione and alpha-lipoate in diabetic rats: nerve function, blood flow and oxidative state. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31: Haupt E, Ledermann H, Kopcke W. Benfotiamine in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy - a three-week randomized, controlled pilot study (BEDIP study). Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005;43: Yaqub BA, Siddique A, Sulimani R. Effects of methylcobalamin on diabetic neuropathy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1992;94: Yukawa M, Naka H, Murata Y, et al. Folic acid-responsive neurological diseases in Japan. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2001; 47: Abbas ZG, Swai AB. Evaluation of the efficacy of thiamine and pyridoxine in the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. East Afr Med J. 1997;74: Love A, Cotter MA, Cameron NE. Effects of the sulphydryl donor N-acetyl-L-cysteine on nerve conduction, perfusion, maturation and regeneration following freeze damage in diabetic rats. Eur J Clin Invest. 1996;26: Tandan R, Lewis GA, Badger GB, Fries TJ. Topical capsaicin in painful diabetic neuropathy. Effect on sensory function. Diabetes Care. 1992;15: Gregg EW, Sorlie P, Paulose-Ram R, et al. Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population 40 years of age with and without diabete National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: Clayton PT. B6 -responsive disorders: a model of vitamin dependency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006;29:317? Major P, Greenberg E, Khan A, Thiele EA. Pyridoxine supplementation for the treatment of levetiracetam-induced behavior side effects in children: preliminary results. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;13(3): Ellis JM, Folkers K. Clinical aspects of treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome with B6. Annals of the New York Academy of Science USA. 1990;585 : van der Watt JJ, Harrison TB, Benatar M, Heckmann JM. Polyneuropathy, anti-tuberculosis treatment and the role of pyridoxine in the HIV/AIDS era: a systematic review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15(6): Bender DA. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6. Br J Nutr. 1999;81:
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