원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 7, No. 2: 59-65, April 임상화학 Bio-Rad D-100 의헤모글로빈 A1c 분석능평가 Analytical Performance
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1 원저 Lab Med Online Vol. 7, No. 2: 59-65, April 2017 임상화학 Bio-Rad D-100 의헤모글로빈 A1c 분석능평가 Analytical Performance of Bio-Rad D-100 on a Hemoglobin A1c Assay 유창승 최은혜 배인철 이상국 김정호 Changseung Liu, M.D., Eunhye Choi, M.T., In Cheol Bae, M.T., Sang-Guk Lee, M.D., Jeong-Ho Kim, M.D. 연세대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Background: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is considered a marker useful for the follow-up and diagnosis of diabetes and implies the importance of reliable assay methods that are traceable to a reference method. We evaluated analytical performance of a new high-performance liquid chromatography system for the HbA1c assay: D-100 from Bio-Rad Laboratories (USA). Methods: We evaluated precision, linearity, and carry-over of D-100, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute s guidelines. Comparative analysis of D-100 with Integra 800 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) and Capillarys 3 (Sebia, France) was conducted. Additionally, we evaluated the throughput of the three instruments. Results: Precision of low- and high-concentration controls in D-100 showed a CV of less than 1%. The linearity was excellent (R 2 =0.999) in the range of %, and carry-over was not observed. HbA1c results of D-100 (n=144) showed good correlation with those of Integra 800 (r=0.993) and Capillarys 3 (r=0.996). The % bias between D-100 and Integra 800 or Capillarys 3 was within the allowable range at all 3 medical decision levels (5.7%, 6.5%, and 10.0%). Elapsed time in the analysis of the first sample by D-100 was shorter than that of Integra 800 (2.4 vs minutes), but subsequent samples took more time (0.8 vs. 0.3 minutes per sample). Conclusions: D-100 showed reliable analytical performance with good precision and linearity, minimal carry-over, and acceptable comparative characteristics relative to other instruments. D-100 is expected to be useful for clinical measurements of HbA1c for diabetes diagnosis and theranostics. Key Words: Hemoglobin A1c, Bio-Rad D-100, Analytical performance 서론 당뇨병의유병률은세계적으로증가하는추세를보이고있으며, 세계보건기구 (WHO) 는전세계당뇨병인구가 2035 년에는 5 억 9 천만명에육박할것으로추산하였다. 우리나라도사회경제적인 발전에따라당뇨병인구가늘어나고있으며당뇨병및대사증후 군등의만성질환자의빈도는고령화사회에서더욱늘어날가능 Corresponding author: Sang-Guk Lee Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: , Fax: , comforter6@yuhs.ac Received: May 17, 2016 Revision received: August 6, 2016 Accepted: August 17, 2016 This article is available from , Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 성이높다 [1, 2]. 미세혈관합병증을비롯한만성합병증은당뇨병발현이전의내당능장애상태에서시작되는경우도있으며이러한합병증의발생을예방하기위해서는무엇보다도당뇨병을조기에진단하는것이매우중요하다. 기존의공복혈당검사또는경구당부하검사는검사시행전 8시간이상금식을해야하는불편함이있으므로공복상태가필요없는간편하면서도정확한검사가적용된다면당뇨병의조기선별및진단에도움이될것이다 [3, 4]. 헤모글로빈 A1c ( 이하 HbA1c) 는 2개의알파사슬과포도당내지포도당유도체가비효소적방법으로첨가된 2개의베타사슬로구성된헤모글로빈의한형태이다 [5]. 당뇨병의진단기준으로 HbA1c 를적용하면진단을위해금식을할필요가없고최근의생활습관변화와무관하게결과가안정적이며당뇨병만성합병증을예측하는지표로사용할수있다 [6, 7]. HbA1c 검사는 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) 을포함한많은연구에서환자의전반적인당조절능력을평가할수있는유용한지표로제시되었고, 이를통한엄격한당조절을할경우당뇨망막증이나미세혈관병증등의심각한당뇨합병증의진행속도를의미있게낮춘 eissn
2 다고보고되었다 [8, 9]. 실제로 HbA1c의일중변동은 2% 미만으로공복혈당의 12-15% 에비해안정적이므로당뇨병의진단에있어좋은기준이될것으로기대되었다 [10]. 그러나다양한방법을통한 30여가지가넘는 HbA1c 측정장비가개발되었기때문에이에대한표준화가필요하였고대표적인표준화로는 National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) 과 International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) 이있다. NGSP의기준검사법은이온교환 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 법을사용하여 HbA1c 피크의곡선하면적 (area under curve, AUC) 을측정하는방법이고, IFCC의표준방법은검체를 endoproteinase Glu-C로처리하여생성된 N-terminal hexapeptide를 HPLC/mass Spectrometry나 HPLC/capillary Electrophoresis 로측정하는방법이다 [11-14]. 2009년국제당뇨병기구 (International Diabetes Federation) 하의국제전문가위원회 (International Expert Committee) 에서는여러역학조사결과를근거로 HbA1c 6.5% 이상을당뇨병진단의기준으로제시하였고, 미국당뇨병학회 (American Diabetes Association) 는이를수용하여당뇨병진단기준에추가하였다 [10, 15]. 다만이러한기준은 NGSP의인준과 DCCT 검사법에의한표준화가이루어진측정법으로 HbA1c 검사가시행되어야함을전제로하였다 [16, 17]. 우리나라에서도대한임상검사정도관리협회가 2007년부터 HbA1c의신빙도조사를시작한이래검사의표준화를위한노력이활발히진행되고있다 [18]. 현재사용중인 HbA1c 검사법은 ion-exchange HPLC, capillary electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, 친화크로마토그래피 (affinity chromatography), 면역분석법 (immunoassay) 등다양하지만이중 NGSP의표준으로인정받고있는방법은 HPLC법이다 [11, 16, 19]. 본연구를통해저자들은 HPLC 방법을이용하여 HbA1c 를측정하는장비로서최근출시된 D-100 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) 의정밀도, 직선성및교차오염도를 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 지침에따라분석하고, 면역분석법을사용하는 Integra 800 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) 과모세관전기영동법 (capillary electrophoresis) 을사용하는 Capillarys 3 (Sebia, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) 와의상관성과검사소요시간을비교평가하여본장비의유용성을확인하고자하였다. 재료및방법 1. D-100 D-100은마이크로프로세서가탑재된 HPLC 기법의자동화검사장비로장비와일체화된터치스크린을통해장비를조정하며이온교환 HPLC 원리에의해혈색소성분을분리하여검사한다. 최 소검체요구량은 EDTA 전혈검체 1 ml이며만일이보다적을경우 wash 용액으로희석하여검사를해야하는데희석이가능한최소검체량은 5 µl이다. 10개의검체가하나의 rack을구성하며최대 10개의 rack을동시에수용할수있다. 제조사의설명에의하면혈색소의분리는최초검체 2분 15초, 이후검체부터는 45초가소요되며, 시간당 80검체를처리할수있다. 분리된혈색소는 415 nm 흡광도에서측정되며 IFCC 단위 (mmol/mol) 로보고되거나공식을통해변환되어 NGSP 단위 (%) 로보고된다. 본장비는최근미국 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 로부터 HbA1c를측정하는장비로서승인을받았다. 2. 정밀도 (Precision) 평가정밀도의평가는 CLSI EP5-A2 지침에준하여수행하였다 [20]. 제조사에서제공하는저농도와고농도 (5.33%, 9.90%) 의정도관리물질 Lyphochek Diabetes Control Levels 1 and 2 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Irvine, CA, USA) 를사용하였으며 20일간오전과오후 4시간이상의간격을두고 2회검사하였고, 매검사마다 2회씩반복측정하였다. 측정된결과를바탕으로각농도별평균, 검사차례내 (within-run), 검사차례간 (between-run), 검사일간 (between-day) 및검사기기내 (within-device) 각각의변이계수 (coefficient of variation, CV) 를산출하였다. 3. 직선성 (Linearity) 평가직선성평가는상품화된 6개농도의직선성평가물질인 Lyphochek Hemoglobin A1c Linearity Set (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Irvine, CA, USA) 를이용하여 CLSI EP 6-A에서제시한방법에따라시행하였다 [21]. 각농도의물질은 4회씩반복측정하였다. 가장적합한회귀모델이직선인지를평가하였고, 만약 2차식이상의곡선이더적합한모델인경우, 직선식과의차이가허용범위인 5% 이내인지를계산하여직선성을평가하였다. 추가적으로반복측정하여구한평균과기대값을비교하여 % 회수율을계산하였다. 4. 일치도 (Method comparison) 평가일치도평가는 CLSI EP9-A2 지침에준하여수행하였다 [22] 년 11월 HbA1c가의뢰된검체중당화혈색소가정상이거나비정상인환자를모두포함하여 144개의잔여 EDTA 전혈검체를수집하였다. 운영중인 Integra 800 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) 과 Capillarys 3 (Sebia, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France), D-100 세장비로각각의검체들을 2번씩반복측정하여평균값을구하였다. 기존두장비 (Integra 800, Capillarys 3) 에대한 D-100의결과값을비교하여상관계수 (coefficient of correlation, r) 를평가하였고 Deming 회귀분석으로기울기와 y절편을구하였다. 세가지의임 60
3 상적의사결정농도 (medical decision point) 에서측정 % 바이어스 (bias) 를구한후이값이허용 % 바이어스 (3%) 가이내에포함되는 지를평가하였다. 모든평가농도에서허용범위 5% 미만의차이를보여우수한직선 성을확인하였다. 각농도에서의 % 회수율또한허용범위 (5%) 내 에존재하였다 (Table 2). 5. 검사소요시간 (Throughput) 평가 3 가지장비의검사소요시간을측정하기위하여 60 검체를일괄 장착하고검체장착부터첫번째검체, 10 번째검체, 마지막 60 번째 검체결과가도출될때까지필요한시간을확인하였다. 모든장비 는대기상태에서검사를시작하였다. 검체는전날검사후남은잔 여검체 60 개를어떠한정보도없이무작위로수집하였다. 6. 검체간교차오염률 (Carryover) 고농도물질과저농도물질을 4 회연속측정하여다음수식을 통해교차오염률을계산하였다. carryover (%) = [L1-(L3+L4)/2]/[(H2+H3)/2-(L3+L4)/2] 통계분석 통계분석은 Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, WA, USA) 을사용하여정밀도, 검체간교차오염률, 검사소요시간을평가하 였고 Analyse-it (Analyse-it Software Ltd., Leeds, UK) 을사용하여 직선성과세장비간의상관성및일치도를분석하였다. 1. 정밀도 결과 D-100 의검사차례내정밀도의변이계수는저농도에서 0.69%, 고농도에서 0.59% 였다. 총정밀도의변이계수는저농도에서 0.86%, 고농도에서는 0.68% 이었다 (Table 1). 두가지농도모두에서검사차 례내변이계수, 총변이계수가 1% 미만으로우수한재현성을보였다. 2. 직선성 직선성을평가하는데사용한 6 가지농도의정도관리물질 ( %) 은제조사에서제시하는측정가능범위 (3.5-20%) 를평가하 기에충분하였다. HbA1c 가 % 인범위내에서직선회귀방정 식 (y = 0.983x ) 의결정계수 (R 2 ) 는 였다 (Fig. 1). 가장 적합한비선형곡선과의차이를통해비직선성을평가하였을때, Table 1. Precision of HbA1c measurements using D-100 Material Mean HbA1c (%) Withinrun Coefficient of variation (%) Withindevice Level Level 상관성및일치도 D-100 에서측정된결과와기존의검사장비인 Integra 800 과 Capillarys 3 에서측정된결과간의상관성분석결과상관계수 (r) 는 각각 0.993, 으로모두 이상의좋은상관성을보여주었다 (Fig. 2). Deming 회귀분석을통해구한각각의회귀방정식은 [D- 100] = 0.95 (95% 신뢰구간 : ) [Integra 800] (95% 신뢰구간 : ) 와 [D-100] = 0.98 (95% 신뢰구간 : ) [Capillarys 3] (95% 신뢰구간 : ) 였다. 이회귀방정식 을이용하여산출된임상적의사결정농도 (5.7%, 6.5%, 10%) 에서 의 % 바이어스는모든농도에서허용기준 (3%) 를넘지않아두기 준장비와우수한일치도를보였다 (Table 3). Bland-Altman different plot 으로확인한기존장비와 D-100 의결과값차이의평균은 -0.09% (Integra 800 vs. D-100) 와 0.10% (Capillarys 3 vs. D-100) 였 다 (Fig. 3). Observed HbA1c (%) Table 2. Recovery of commercial HbA1c linearity materials tested on D-100 Level Assigned value (%) y=0.983x R 2 = Assigned HbA1c (%) Fig. 1. Linearity of the HbA1c assay using D-100. Measured value (%) Repeat 1 Repeat 2 Repeat 3 Repeat 4 Mean Betweenrun Betweenday Recovery (%)
4 14 13 Deming fit Deming fit D-100 HbA1c (%) D-100 HbA1c (%) Slope: 0.95 (95% CI: ) Intercept: 0.25 (95% CI: ) 6 5 Slope: 0.98 (95% CI: ) Intercept: 0.25 (95% CI: ) Integra 800 HbA1c (%) A Capillary 3 HbA1c (%) B Fig. 2. A Deming regression plot for D-100 and Integra 800 (A) and for D-100 and Capillarys 3 (B). Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. Table 3. Comparison of HbA1c values obtained by means of D-100, Integra 800, and Capillarys 3 using Deming regression Instruments MDP Slope (a) Intercept (b) Expected value % bias Allowable bias (%) Interpretation D-100 vs. Integra Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable D-100 vs. Capillarys Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Abbreviation: MDP, medical decision point. Mean difference Allowable total error (6%) Mean difference Allowable total error (6%) D-100 Integra 800, HbA1c (%) D-100 Capillarys 3, HbA1c (%) Integra 800, HbA1c (%) A Capillarys 3, HbA1c (%) B Fig. 3. A Bland-Altman difference plot for D-100 and Integra 800 (A) and for D-100 and Capillarys 3 (B). 4. 검사소요시간 D-100 은대기상태에서의최초장착검체에대해 2.4 분의처리 시간이소요되었고이후연속검체에대해서는 0.8 분이소요되어 제조사에서제시한소요시간에부합하였다. 최초 60 검체를모두 62
5 Table 4. Analytical time of D-100, Integra 800, and Capillarys 3 처리하는데소요된시간은 46.1 분이었다. Integra 800 은최초장착 검체에대해 11.1 분이소요되었지만연속검체에대해서는 0.3 분이 소요되었다. 처음 10 개의검체를처리할때까지의시간은 13.9 분이 소요되었고, 60 검체를모두처리하는데 31.3 분이소요되었다. Capillarys 3 는 12 개의검체를한꺼번에처리하는방식이어서앞의 두장비와직접적인비교는불가능하였다. 최초 12 개의검체를처 리하는데걸리는시간은 23.0 분이었고연속되는 12 검체에대해서 는 11.4 분이소요되었다. 최초 60 검체를처리하는데소요된시간 은 72 분이었다 (Table 4). 5. 검체간교차오염률 4 회연속측정한저농도물질측정값이모두동일하였고 (3.5%), 대상및방법에서기술한수식으로계산하였을때 %carryover 값 은 0% 로 D-100 의교차오염은관찰되지않았다. 고찰 HbA1c 측정장비를비교할때항상고려해야하는것이측정방 법의차이이다. HbA1c 결과는측정방법에따라 IFCC 법과 NGSP 법의결과가다르게표현되는데, 이에대한혼선을줄이기위해 IFCC 에서는 HbA1c 의결과를보고할때 IFCC 의 mmol/mol 단위 와 NGSP 의 % 단위를동시에보고하도록권고하고있다. 두가지 보고단위는표준공식 ([NGSP-HbA1c(%)] = [IFCC-HbA1c (mmol/mol)] ) 을이용하여변환이가능한데이공식을사용 하면 IFCC 결과값과 NGSP 결과값의상호호환성에문제가없음이 기존연구에서보고된바있다 [13, 23]. 본연구에서는기존연구결 과와의비교및결과해석의용이성을위해 D-100 과 Integra 800, Capillarys 3 세장비의모든검사결과값을 NGSP 단위 (%) 로통일 하여비교하였다. Initial sample Following sample Initial to continuous 10 samples Initial to continuous 60 samples Bio-Rad D-100 (min) Roche Integra 800 (min) Sebia Capillarys 3 (min)* *Sebia Capillarys 3 processes 12 samples as a unit; Time for measurement of 12 samples. D-100 의정밀도평가에서는두가지농도모두에서검사차례내 변이계수와총변이계수모두 1.0% 미만으로측정되어 NGSP 허용 한도인 5% 이내는물론미국임상생화학학회 (National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry, NACB) 의권고안 (Laboratory medicine practice guideline, LMPG) 인검사차례내변이계수 2% 이내의기준도 충족하였다 [24, 25]. D-100 을대상으로한기존의연구에서도환자의검체 (4.89%, 6.43%, 7.94%, 10.99%) 와정도관리물질 (5.03%, 9.51%, 14.56%) 을사용하여정밀도를평가했을때검사차례내변이계수는 0.93% 이하, 검사기기내변이계수는 1.46% 이하로보고된바있어 D-100의정밀도는양호한것으로판단된다 [26]. HPLC 방법을사용하는다른장비와비교했을때, Variant II turbo (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) 의검사기기내변이계수는낮은농도 (5.18%) 에서 2.97%, 높은농도 (10.07%) 에서 1.81% 로보고되었고, Tosoh G8 (Tosoh Bioscience, Tokyo, Japan) 은낮은농도 (5.75%) 에서 1.28% 높은농도 (9.60%) 에서 0.80% 로보고되어, D-100의정밀도는기존 HPLC법을사용하는장비에비해유사하거나좀더우수하였다 [27]. 비교장비로사용된 Integra 800의경우 Fleming 등이시행한연구에서는측정농도 5.69% 에서검사차례내변이계수 1.32% 미만을보고하였고, Woodworth 등의연구에서는낮은농도 (5.61%) 에서 2.40%, 높은농도 (9.90%) 에서 1.18% 의검사기기내변이계수를보고하였다 [27, 28]. Capillarys 3에대해서는낮은농도 (5.0%) 에서 1.84%, 높은농도 (9.5%) 에서 0.88% 의검사기기내변이계수가보고되었는데동일한연구에서 D-100의검사기기내변이계수는각각 0.89%, 0.87% 로보고되었다 [29]. 직선성평가에서는비직선성과 % 회수율을기준으로판단하였을때제조사가제시하는측정가능범위내에서우수한직선성이확인되었다. HbA1c결과값은당뇨병의진단뿐만아니라치료평가와추적관찰등다양한목적과환경에서사용되기에가능한한넓은범위에서의직선성을입증할필요가있다고판단되는바, 본연구에서는제조사에서제시한 6가지농도의정도관리물질을사용하여상대적으로넓은범위에서직선성을확인할수있었다. D-100에서측정된결과와 Integra 800과 Capillarys 3에서측정된결과간의비교평가에서상관계수 (r) 는각각의기준장비에대해모두 이상이었다. College of American Pathologists (CAP) 의 HbA1c 외부정도관리허용기준은 2013년까지 ±7% 였으나 2014 년부터 ±6% 로강화되었다 [30]. 본연구에서는강화된기준에따라장비간총허용오차 (total allowable error) 를 ±6% 로설정하였고, % 바이어스의기준으로이의절반인 ±3% 를적용하였다 [27, 31]. 장비간비교평가결과기존장비와 D-100 간의 % 바이어스는세가지의임상적의사결정농도 (5.7%, 6.5%, 10.0%) 모두에서 ± 3% 이내였다. 각검체에서관찰된결과값차이를 Bland-Altman plot에서비교해보았을때, 각각의기준장비에대한결과값차이의평균은 -0.09% (Integra 800 vs. D-100), 0.10% (Capillarys 3 vs. D-100) 로매우낮은수준이었다. 그러나 HbA1c 9.0% 이상의높은농도에서는 D-100의결과값이 Integra 800과 Capillarys 3의결과값보다낮게측정되는경향이관찰되었다 (Fig. 3). Maesa 등은 D-100 과 Tosoh G8, HA-8180V (Menarini Diagnostics, Firenze, Italy) 를 63
6 비교한연구에서동일한 HPLC법을사용함에도 D-100이다른두장비에비해높은농도에서음성바이어스가발생함을보고하였고, Variant II Turbo 와 D-100을비교한또다른연구에서는 HbA1c 값이증가할수록 D-100의음성바이어스가증가된다고보고된바있다 [32, 33]. 이러한 HbA1c농도증가에따른음성바이어스증가현상의원인으로보정물질 (calibrator) 의소급성 (traceability) 의문제나기타보정과정 (calibration protocol) 의문제가추정되나정확한원인을찾지는못하였다. 하지만주로높은농도의 HbA1c범위에서영향을받으므로임상적중요의사결정에미치는영향은크지않을것으로생각된다. 본연구에서는 HbA1c의결과값이 9% 가넘는검체의수가적었기때문에높은농도에서측정된값의정확성을확인하기위한별도의추가연구가필요할것이다. 세장비에대한실제검체처리시간을비교하였을때 D-100은 Integra 800에비해최초검체처리속도는더빨랐으나 (2.4분 vs 분 ) 연속되는검체처리에는더많은시간이소요되었다 (0.8분 vs. 0.3분 ). 따라서 60검체를한꺼번에처리할때에는 Integra 800이더빨랐으나 (46.1 분 vs 분 ) 10검체를한단위로처리할때는 D-100 이더빨랐다 (9.4분 vs. 13.9분 ). Capillarys 3는 12개의검체를하나의단위로한꺼번에처리하므로한검체당소요되는시간을다른장비와직접적으로비교하기는어려웠다. 검체처리시간평가결과 D-100은제조사가제시한시간당 80검체처리속도를만족하였고, 기존장비들과비교하여최초검체처리속도가빠른장점이있었다. 따라서대량의정규검체를처리하는대규모검사실뿐만아니라단발적인검사요청이빈번하거나즉각적인결과보고가필요한외래검사실에서도유용하게사용될수있을것으로기대된다. 결론적으로 D-100 HbA1c의분석성능평가결과우수한정밀도와비교적넓은측정가능범위에서직선성을확인하였다. 기존의 Integra 800, Capillarys 3와도우수한상관성및일치도를보여기존의장비를대체할만한충분한성능을보여주었으며임상적으로당뇨병의진단, 치료및합병증예방을위한추적관찰에유용하게사용할수있을것으로예상된다. 검체간교차오염은관찰되지않았고검체처리량도증가되어결과보고시간의단축에도도움이될것으로판단된다. 요약 배경 : 헤모글로빈 A1c (HbA1c) 는당뇨의진단과치료, 추적관찰에유용한지표로서표준화된검사법에의한정확한검사결과를제공하는것이중요하다. 본연구에서는고성능액체크로마토그래피법 (HPLC) 을이용하여 HbA1c를측정하는장비인 D-100 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) 의분석성능을평가하고자하였다. 방법 : Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 의지침에 따라 D-100의정밀도와직선성, 검체간교차오염률을평가하였다. 그리고 D-100과기존운용장비인 Integra 800 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), Capillarys 3 (Sebia, France) 와의상관성및일치도를조사하였다. 마지막으로세검사법의검사소요시간을비교분석하였다. 결과 : D-100을사용한 HbA1c 측정의검사차례내정밀도와총정밀도는저농도와고농도모두에서 1% 미만의변이계수를보였다. 직선성은 HbA1c % 에서우수하였고검체간교차오염률은관찰되지않았다. D-100의 Integra 800과 Capillarys 3에대한상관성평가 (n=144) 에서상관계수는각각 0.993, 0.996으로높은상관성을보였으며세가지의임상적의사결정농도 (5.7%, 6.5%, 10.0%) 모두에서바이어스 (%bias) 는허용범위이내에존재하였다. 검사소요시간은세장비의특성에따라차이가있었다. D-100은 Integra 800에비해최초검체를더빨리처리하였으나 (2.4분 vs. 11.1분 ) 연속검체처리시간은더길었다 (0.8분 vs. 0.3분 ). 결론 : D-100은우수한정밀도와직선성및기존의장비와의비교에서높은상관성과빠른검체처리속도를보여주었다. 임상적으로당뇨병의진단과치료, 당뇨합병증의예방을위한추적관찰에유용하게사용할수있을것으로예상된다. 이해관계 저자들은본연구와관련하여해당회사와이해관계가없음. 감사의글 본연구는한국바이오라드 ( 주 ) 의연구비지원을받아수행되었다. REFERENCES 1. da Rocha Fernandes J, Ogurtsova K, Linnenkamp U, Guariguata L, Seuring T, Zhang P, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas estimates of 2014 global health expenditures on diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016;117: Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;103: Bonora E and Tuomilehto J. The pros and cons of diagnosing diabetes with A1C. Diabetes Care 2011;34(S2):S Yun WJ, Shin MH, Kweon SS, Park KS, Lee YH, Nam HS, et al. [A comparison of fasting glucose and HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults]. J Prev Med Public Health 2010;43:
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of Analytical Performance of the D-100 He mo globin Testing System for Hemog
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