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1 대한생식의학회지 : 제 34 권제 3 호 2007 분당서울대학교병원산부인과 1, 서울대학교의과대학산부인과학교실 2 김용진 1 지병철 1 서창석 1,2 김석현 2 Effects of Conversion of Infertility Treatment on Semen Quality Yong Jin Kim 1, Byung Chul Jee 1, Chang Suk Suh 1,2, Seok Hyun Kim 2 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Objective: To investigate whether semen parameters in infertile couples who undergone intrauterine insemination (IUI) change in the subsequent IUI cycle and the subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Methods: Fifty-three infertile couples who had failed to become pregnant after the first IUI cycle with computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) were included. After the first IUI, thirty-eight couples underwent the second IUI (Group 1), and fifteen underwent IVF-ET procedure (Group 2). All semen parameters including semen volume, concentration, motility and total motile sperm count were analyzed in the second IUI or IVF-ET procedure for comparison with the result of first IUI. Results: There were no significant differences in husband age, interval between the first and second procedure and cause of infertility. In Group 1, only sperm motility at the time of the latter IUI was significantly decreased when compared to the former IUI irrespective of the first semen parameters. In Group 2, sperm concentration, motility and total motile sperm count at the time of subsequent IVF were lower than the former IUI. By sub-analyses of Group 2, in the group of optimal semen parameter at IUI cycle, sperm concentration and total motile sperm count at the time of subsequent IVF were lower than the former IUI, while in the group of suboptimal semen parameter at IUI cycle, only sperm motility at the time of subsequent IVF were lower than the former IUI. Conclusion: The semen parameters in couples converted to IVF cycle were more adversely affected than those remained in IUI cycle. Further study on psychological stress should be necessary to explain the reason. [Korean. J. Reprod. Med. 2007; 34(3): ] Key Words: IVF, IUI, Semen analysis, CASA 자궁강내정자주입술 (intrauterine insemination, IUI) 은남성요인의불임뿐아니라다른여러요인 ( 배란이상, 자궁경부점액이상, 원인미상의불임 ) 으로인한불임의치료에흔히사용되는방법으로그성공률은다양하게보고되고있다. 배란유도를 주관책임자 : 서창석, 우 ) 경기도성남시분당구구미동 300, 분당서울대학교병원산부인과 Tel: (031) , Fax: (031) suhcs@snu.ac.kr * 이논문은서울대학교의과대학교실지정기금 ( ) 의지원에의하여연구되었음. 병행할경우 8~22% 의성공률을보이며낮게는 4%, 높게는 40% 의성공률을보고하는저자들도있다. 배란유도와병행하는경우, 자궁강내정자주입술은체외수정시술 (IVF) 이나세포질내정자주입술 (ICSI) 에비해주기당임신성공률은떨어지지만, 덜침습적이면서비교적저렴한비용으로시행이가능하므로, 불임을주소로내원한환자에서자궁난관조영술 (hysterosalpingography), 정액검사등의기초검사를시행한후, 양측난관폐쇄및심각한무
2 대한생식의학회지 정자증및희소정자증환자를제외한대부분의불임환자에서우선적으로시행해볼수있다. 1 임신에실패하는경우환자의연령, 불임의원인, 자궁강내정자주입술시행횟수등을고려하여, 경우에따라 3~6회까지의계속적인자궁강내정자주입술을시행하거나비교적침습적이지만임신성공률이높은체외수정시술로전환하여임신을시도하게된다. 그러나, 이러한반복적인불임시술은시술대상환자에게는가중되는부담이라할수있다. 1987년 Harrison 등은체외수정시술을위해채취한정자의밀도, 운동성, 총운동성정자수 (total motile sperm count) 등이진단적목적으로시행한정액검사소견에비해유의하게감소함을보고하였고, 년 Clarke 등도 40명의남성을대상으로불임검사시기와체외수정시술시기에각각스트레스척도를측정하여정액검사소견의변화와연관성을확인하였다. 3 Clarke 등은정액밀도와정자운동성, 총운동성정자수등은당일정액채취에성공해야한다는중압감및불안감과유의한음의상관관계가있음을보고하였다. 3 그러나이러한반복적인불임시술이정액상태에미치는영향에대한연구는드물다. 자궁강내정자주입술시행에따른정액검사소견의변화에대해서는보고된바가없으며, 자궁강내정자주입술이후체외수정시술로전환되었을경우와같이불임시술의전환에따른정액검사소견의변화에대해서는알려진바가없다. 이에본연구에서는불임환자에서자궁강내정자주입술시시행한정액검사소견과이후자궁강내정자주입술또는체외수정시술시행시의정액검사소견을비교함으로써, 시술의종류에따라정액검사소견의변화가있는지알아보고이에영향을미치는인자를파악하고자하였다. 연구대상및방법 1. 연구대상 2003년 5월부터 2006년 5월까지분당서울대학 교병원산부인과를방문하여기본적인불임검사로서정액검사를시행한후자궁강내정자주입술을시행하였으나임신에실패한 53예의남성을대상으로하였다. 불임의원인으로는원인미상인경우가 29예 (54.7%), 난관요인이 11예 (20.7%), 자궁내막증이 3예 (5.6%), 자궁요인이 3예 (5.6%), 다낭성난소증후군이 2예 (3.7%), 남성인자가 1예 (1.8%), 기타요인이 4예 (7.5%) 였다. 임신실패가확인된후이들중 38예 (group 1) 에서는재차자궁강내정자주입술이시행되었고, 15예 (group 2) 에서는체외수정시술로전환되었다. 이들에게이후에시행된자궁강내정자주입술및체외수정시술을위해채취한정액과이전에시행한자궁강내정자주입술을위해채취한정액의컴퓨터정액분석소견을비교분석하였다. 또한, 세계보건기구 (World Health Organization, WHO) 의정상정액검사소견기준에 4 따라하위그룹별로비교분석을시행하였다. 2. 연구방법 1) 정액채취정액채취는 48시간의금욕후에심리적안정이확보될수있는밀폐된정액채취실에서상담자의정액채취에대한교육을받은후수음을통해이루어졌다. 일정한조건을유지하기위해동일한상담자를통하여상담및교육을시행하였고, 그내용도일정한양식을통해이루어졌다. 2) 정액검사채취된정액은부피 (volume) 를측정한후, 최소 30분간액화시켰다. 기본적인정액성상을확인하기위해 10 µl를취하여컴퓨터정액분석기 (computerassisted semen analyzer, SAIS, Semen Analysis Image System version 10.1, Medical Supply, Korea) 를이용한정액분석을시행하여밀도 (concentration), 정자운동성 (sperm motility), 총운동성정자수 (total motile sperm count) 에관한자료를얻었다. 임신시도를위해채취된정액의경우는시술을위한정액처리전 10 µl를취하여검사에사용하였다. 컴퓨터정액분석기의설정은다음과같았다 : Image acquisition
3 제 34 권제 3 호, 2007 김용진 지병철 서창석 김석현 Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients Group 1 (repeated IUI cycle) Group 2 (converted to IVF cycle) Number of patients Age of male partner (years) * 35.4±3.3 [35.5] 37.2±3.2 [37.5] Cause of Infertility p=0.090 Unexplained 24 5 Tubal factor 5 6 PCOS 2 0 Endometriosis 1 2 Uterine 3 0 Male 1 0 Other 2 2 Interval from 1st IUI (months) * 2.4±1.3 [2.0] 3.1±2.9 [2.0] S/A on WHO criteria p=0.176 Normal 23 6 Abnormal 15 9 *Data are presented as mean ± SD [Median]. p-values are calculated by Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test. rate 30 frame/sec, tract sampling time 1 sec, minimum sampling for motility 5 frames, minimum sampling for velocity 10 frames, minimum sampling for ALH 12 frames, maximum velocity 250 µm/s, minimum velocity 10 µm/s, cell size range 10~250 pixels. 3) 통계분석연구결과에대한통계학적인분석은 SPSS for Windows (version 12.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) 프로그램을이용하였다. 처음시행한자궁강내정자주입술을위해채취한정액의검사소견과이후시행한자궁강내정자주입술또는체외수정시술을위해채취한정액검사소견의차이를비교하기위해서는 Wilcoxon's signed rank test를사용하였으며 p<0.05 인경우통계학적인유의성이있는것으로판정하였다. 결과연구대상남성은 53명이었으며평균연령은 35.9 ±3.3세였다. 그중첫시술시정액검사소견이 WHO 기준상 1가지이상의척도에서비정상 ( 정액의양 < 2 ml, 정자의농도 < /ml, 정자운동성 < 50% with grade A or B) 소견을보인경우가 24예 (45.3%) 였다. 두번의시술후총 53예중 8예에서임신에성공하여임상적임신율은 15.1% 였다. Group 1과 Group 2의임상적특징은 Table 1과같다. 두군간에남성의평균연령, 첫번째시술과두번째시술간의시간차이, 불임의원인등에통계적으로유의한차이는없었으며, 정액검사소견이 WHO 기준상 1가지이상의척도에서비정상을보인남성의분포도통계적으로유의한차이가없었다. Group 1에서첫번째와두번째시행한자궁강
4 대한생식의학회지 Table 2. Comparisons of semen parameters: 1 st IUI vs. 2 nd IUI and 1 st IUI vs. 2 nd IVF Group 1 (n=38) 1 st IUI 2 nd IUI Semen volume (ml) 2.1±0.9 ( 2.0) 2.5±1.3 ( 2.0) Concentration ( 10 6 /ml) 57.1±47.8 (41.4) 42.7±31.8 (39.4) Motility (%) 73.1±26.1 (70.5) 58.1±23.8 (54.0) Total motile sperm count ( 10 6 ) 106.4±128.0 (74.9) 81.2±114.7 (40.0) Group 2 (n=15) 1 st IUI 2 nd IVF Semen volume (ml) 2.2±1.2 ( 1.5) 2.2±0.9 ( 2.0) Concentration ( 10 6 /ml) 83.4±80.2 (51.3) 37.1±21.9 (32.0) Motility (%) 64.9±24.5 (75.0) 56.9±29.5 (62.0) Total motile sperm count ( 10 6 ) 204.4±292.7 (64.1) 69.1±79.5 (27.7) Data are presented as mean ± SD (median). P-values are calculated by Wilcoxon's signed rank test. : p<0.005, : p<0.05 Table 3. Comparison of semen parameters according to results of S/A of 1 st IUI for all patients Total Normal S/A on 1 st IUI (n=29) Abnormal S/A on 1 st IUI (n=24) 1 st IUI 2 nd IUI/IVF 1 st IUI 2 nd IUI/IVF Semen volume (ml) 2.7±0.9 ( 2.5) 2.8±1.1 ( 3.0) 1.5±0.7 ( 1.3) 1.9±0.9 ( 2.0) Concentration ( 10 6 /ml) 85.1±68.8 (68.0) 50.8±33.1 (44.9) 39.7±31.1 (37.6) 29.3±18.4 (26.9) Motility (%) 82.7±20.1 (81.0) 69.7±24.2 (72.0) 56.4±24.7 (46.0) 43.3±18.3 (37.5) Total motile sperm count ( 10 6 ) 214.1±229.2 (136.0) 119.1±126.5 (74.7) 37.5±35.9 (24.7) 27.8±29.1 (19.7) S/A: Semen analysis, Data are presented as mean ± SD (Median). P-values are calculated by Wilcoxon's signed rank test. : p<0.005, : p<0.05 내정자주입술을위해채취한정액소견들을각각비교한결과정액의양, 정자의밀도그리고총운동성정자수등에서는유의한변화가없었으나, 정자운동성은유의하게감소하였다. Group 2에서처음자궁강내정자주입술을위해채취한정액소견과이후에체외수정시술을위해채취한정액소견을비교한결과, 정액의양은유의한변화가없었으나, 정자의밀도, 운동성, 총운동성정자수는모두유의하게감소하였다 (Table 2). WHO의정상정액검사소견의기준에따라정상그룹과비정상그룹으로나누어비교분석한결과, 첫번째자궁강내정자주입술시행시채취한정액이정상검사소견을보인경우에는이후에자궁강내정자주입술또는체외수정시술을위해채취한정액검사소견에서정자의밀도, 운동성, 총운동성정자수가모두유의하게감소하였다. 첫번째자궁강내정자주입술시행시채취한정액이비정상검사소견을보인경우에는이후에자궁강내정자주입술또는체외수정시술을위해채취한정액소견에서정자운동성만유의하게감소하였다 (Table 3). Group 1에서는첫번째자궁강내정자주입술시행시채취한정액검사소견의정상여부와관계없
5 제 34 권제 3 호, 2007 김용진 지병철 서창석 김석현 Table 4. Comparison of semen parameters according to results of S/A of 1 st IUI for Group 1 and 2 Group1 Normal S/A on 1 st IUI (n=23) Abnormal S/A on 1 st IUI (n=15) 1 st IUI 2 nd IUI 1 st IUI 2 nd IUI Semen volume (ml) 2.5±0.9 ( 2.0) 2.8±1.2 ( 2.5) 1.5±0.6 ( 1.5) 1.9±1.1 ( 2.0) Concentration ( 10 6 /ml) 65.1±53.4 (57.1) 50.0±36.4 (39.8) 44.8±36.0 (38.4) 31.5±19.5 (31.0) Motility (%) 81.3±21.8 (76.0) 66.3±23.5 (68.0) 60.4±27.8 (48.0) 45.3±18.5 (41.0) Total motile sperm count ( 10 6 ) 147.8±148.4 (93.6) 114.5±136.9 (69.4) 42.9±40.0 (35.4) 30.1±26.8 (26.7) Group 2 Normal S/A on 1 st IUI (n=6) Abnormal S/A on 1 st IUI (n=9) 1 st IUI 2 nd IVF 1 st IUI 2 nd IVF Semen volume (ml) 3.2±0.7 ( 3.0) 2.8±0.8 ( 3.0) 1.5±1.0 ( 1.0) 1.8±0.6 ( 2.0) Concentration ( 10 6 /ml) 161.7±71.7 (140.6) 54.1±17.3 (51.4) 31.3±19.6 (28.6) 25.7±17.0 (25.8) Motility (%) 87.7±11.1 (86.5) 82.5±24.2 (89.5) 49.6±18.0 (41.0) 39.8±18.4 (28.0) Total motile sperm count ( 10 6 ) 468.1±315.6 (357.6) 136.7±81.9 (134.1) 28.6±27.4 (18.3) 24.0±33.8 (15.1) S/A: Semen analysis, Data are presented as mean ± SD (Median). P-values are calculated by Wilcoxon's signed rank test. : p<0.05 이두번째자궁강내정자주입술시행시채취한정액의정자운동성은유의하게감소하였다. Group 2에서는처음자궁강내정자주입술시행시채취한정액이정상검사소견을보인경우에는이후체외수정시술을위한정액채취시정자의밀도와총운동성정자수가유의하게감소하였으나, 처음자궁강내정자주입술시행시채취한정액이비정상검사소견을보인경우에는이후체외수정시술을위한정액채취시정자의운동성이유의하게감소하였다 (Table 4). 고찰최근까지불임시술시행에따른정액상태의변동성에관한연구는매우드물뿐아니라, 그대부분은체외수정시술에관련된연구이다. 이에본연구에서는자궁강내정자주입술시시행한정액검사소견과이후자궁강내정자주입술또는체외수정시술시행시의정액검사소견을비교함으로써, 시술의종류에따른정액검사소견의변화가있는지알아보고이에영향을미치는인자를파악하고자하였다. 본연구자들은연속하여시행한자궁강내정자주입술과체외수정시술이모두정액검사소견에악영향을미친다는것을확인하였다. 이를통해재차시행되는불임시술은그종류와상관없이정액의질저하를유발할수있음을알수있었다. 이러한결과는 500명의체외수정시술환자를대상으로불임치료전정액검사결과와시술시의정액검사결과를비교하여정액의양, 밀도, 운동성및총운동성정자수등이모두유의하게저하됨을보고한 Harrison 등의결과와일부관련성이있다고할수있다. 2 물론본연구가불임치료전과불임시술시의정액검사를비교한결과가아니고본연구와같이재차시행되는자궁강내정자주입술또는체외수정시술에따른정액검사소견의변화양상에대해서는이전에보고된바가없어본연구의결과와 Harrison 등의보고를포함한이전연구들과직
6 대한생식의학회지 접비교하기는어렵다. 이러한결과의확인을위해서는더큰집단에서의연구가후속되어야할것으로사료된다. 본연구에서는재차자궁강내정자주입술을시행받은경우는이전자궁강내정자주입술을시행받을때에비해정자운동성만유의하게저하되는반면, 체외수정시술로전환된경우에는이전자궁강내정자주입술을시행받을때에비해정자의밀도, 운동성, 총운동성정자수등이모두유의하게감소됨이관찰되었다. 이를통해불임시술이연속되어시행되는경우에자궁강내정자주입술에비해체외수정시술이남성에게정액의질저하를더심하게나타낼수있음을알수있었다. 그이유에있어서는자궁강내정자주입술에비해체외수정시술이대상부부들로하여금시간적, 경제적노력과시술자체에대한부담을더유발시키고, 그로인해정신적스트레스가더커질수있다는점을들수있다. 2000년 Dhillon 등은가임여성의남편군, 자궁강내정자주입술을시행받는불임부부중정액검사소견이정상인남편군, 자궁강내인공수정을시행받는부부중희소무력정자증의진단을받은남편군등, 총세군에서각종심리, 적응척도를비교하였는데, 모든지표에서각군간의유의한차이가없음을보고하며자궁강내정자주입술의경우남성에게부과되는스트레스가크지않음을주장하였다. 5 그는또한치료방침에대한충분한상담과교육이불임치료를받는대상자들의심리적스트레스를최소화하는데효과적임을역설하였다. 또한본연구에서는세계보건기구정의상정액검사의정상여부에따른하위그룹별분석을통해초기불임시술시의정액검사소견이정상인경우는정자의농도, 운동성, 총운동성정자수가모두유의하게감소하였으나, 초기불임시술시의정액검사소견이비정상인경우는정자운동성만유의하게감소함을알수있었다. 이러한결과를통해재차불임시술을시행할경우, 정상정액검사소견을보이는남성이비정상소견을보이는남성보다더심한정액의변화양상을보인다고가정할수있으 며, 이미비정상정액검사소견을보이는남성의경우재차시행한불임시술에따른변화정도가그리크지않으나, 정상정액검사소견을보이는남성의경우는충분한변화의여지가있기때문인것으로해석할수있을것이다. 이후에이행한시술종류에따른정액검사결과도이전정액검사의정상여부에대한하위그룹별로분석하였는데, 재차자궁강내정자주입술을시행하는경우는이전시술시정액검사의정상여부와상관없이역시정자의운동성만유의하게감소하였다. 이는정액검사소견의저하가불임이라는진단명에대한스트레스보다는, 시술에대한스트레스와관련될가능성을시사한다. 하지만자궁강내정자주입술과관련된구체적인스트레스요인에대한분석은스트레스척도에대한연구분석이병행되지않은본연구의한계상시행할수없었다. 그리고체외수정시술로전환된경우는이전불임시술시행시정상정액검사소견을보였을때는정자의농도와총운동성정자수가유의하게감소하고, 비정상정액검사소견을보였을때는정자의운동성만유의하게감소하여, 이전정액검사의정상여부에따라변화정도가달랐다. 이는 Clarke 등의연구에서남성인자불임환자의경우난자채취시정자의질에유의한변화가없었다는결과와는상반된것이다. 3 그러나본연구나 Clarke 등의연구에서해당환자수가각각 9예, 7예에불과하여그결과를일반화시킬수있을지의문이다. 본연구의결과재차자궁강내정자주입술을시행한경우정자의운동성이전반적으로저하됨을관찰하였으나, 그분석이 Strict sperm morphology 등의정자의형태 (morphology) 를고려하고있지않고, 대상수도 38례에불과하여이러한결과가실제임신율에미치는영향은알기어렵다. 여러보고들에서자궁강내정자주입술의성공여부가정액이상의정도와관련되어있음을밝히고있는데, 주로관련된척도는총운동성정자수, 정자의형태 (morphology) 등이다. 총운동성정자수가 이상인경우자궁강내정자주입술의성공률이높은
7 제 34 권제 3 호, 2007 김용진 지병철 서창석 김석현 것으로알려져있다. 6 본연구에서총운동성정자수가 이하로감소한경우는 2명이었는데, 그중 1명은임신에성공하였다. Strict sperm morphology를체외수정시술뿐만아니라, 자궁강내정자주입술에서성공의예측인자로사용하는것에대한연구들도있는데, 대부분의연구에서 strict sperm morphology 와자궁강내정자주입술의성공률간에강한상관관계를보이고있다. 체외수정시술에서와마찬가지로, 형태학적으로정상인정자의빈도가 14% 이상인경우자궁강내정자주입술의성공률이가장높고, 4% 미만인경우성공률은매우낮아보조생식술을고려해야할것으로보고하고있다. 7 따라서, 시술시행전후의 strict morphology의변화여부를확인하는연구가도움이될것으로보인다. 컴퓨터정액분석의지표중정액의농도, 운동성, ALH (amplitude of lateral head displacement), VCL (curvilinear velocity), VSL (straight-line velocity) 등이정자의수정능력과관계있음이알려져있고, 그중 VCL이가장뚜렷한관계가있다는보고들이있으나, 이는체외수정에서의결과이며, 자궁강내정자주입술에서는임신성공률과관련된검사소견이확립되어있지않은상태이다. 8,9 불임의진단과치료과정은불임부부에게심각한정서적고통을초래할수있으며이때나타나는심리상태는분노, 후회, 우울, 타인의성공에대한질투, 고립감, 무력감등이혼재된복잡한형태를나타낸다고알려져있다. 10 물론, 불임에따른스트레스에대한여러연구에서남성은여성에비해불임으로인한정서적손상이적어서불임의원인이남성인자인경우에만유의한정도의심리적고통의증가를경험하는것으로보고되기도하지만, Harrison 등은불임치료를시작한부부가겪는정서적압박감이치료중의정액검사소견의변화와연관시켜생각할수있다고하였다. 2 그기전으로는불임의진단과치료중의정서적스트레스는남성생식기에작용하는자율신경계, 신경내분비계의이상을초래함으로써희소정자증을유발할수있는것으로설명되고있다. 11 불임으로인한스트 레스로인해부신피질자극호르몬 (ACTH), 코르티졸 (cortisol) 이증가함으로써 androstenedion의 testosterone으로의전환이저해되어정액의양, 농도, 운동성등이감소한다는보고도있다. 12 본연구를통해저자들은불임시술을재차시행받을경우남성의정액검사소견의저하가발생하고, 그정도는이후시행하는불임시술의종류에따라다를수있음을확인하였다. 자궁강내정자주입술시행후임신에실패하여체외수정시술을시행하게된환자의정액검사소견은자궁강내정자주입술을계속시행받은환자군에비해더악영향을받으며, 이전정액검사소견의정상여부도이후불임시술시의정액검사결과에영향을미친다는것을알수있었다. 향후, 불임시술시행에따른정액검사소견의변화와스트레스요인및정도에대한척도분석에대한대규모연구는자궁강내정자주입술의성공률을예측할수있는정액검사소견을확립하는데에도기여할수있을것으로사료되며, 불임시술대상환자의스트레스관리를위한중요한지표로활용될수있을것으로사료된다. 참고문헌 1. Sigman M. Assisted reproductive techniques and male infertility. Urol Clin North Am 1994; 21: Harrison KL, Callan VJ, Hennessey JF. Stress and semen quality in an in vitro fertilization program. Fertil Steril 1987; 48: Clarke RN, Klock SC, Geoghegan A, Travassos DE. Relationship between psychological stress and semen quality among in-vitro fertilization patients. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: Organization WH. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. 4th ed. ed. Cambridge, UK: Published on behalf of the World Health Organization by Cambridge University Press, Dhillon R, Cumming CE, Cumming DC. Psychological wellbeing and coping patterns in infertile men. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: Van Voorhis BJ, Barnett M, Sparks AE, Syrop CH, Rosenthal G, Dawson J. Effect of the total motile sperm count on the
8 대한생식의학회지 efficacy and cost-effectiveness of intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: Hauser R, Yogev L, Botchan A, Lessing JB, Paz G, Yavetz H. Intrauterine insemination in male factor subfertility: significance of sperm motility and morphology assessed by strict criteria. Andrologia 2001; 33: Hirano Y, Shibahara H, Obara H, Suzuki T, Takamizawa S, Yamaguchi C, et al. Relationships between sperm motility characteristics assessed by the computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and fertilization rates in vitro. J Assist Reprod Genet 2001; 18: De Geyter C, De Geyter M, Koppers B, Nieschlag E. Diagno- stic accuracy of computer-assisted sperm motion analysis. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: Beutel M, Kupfer J, Kirchmeyer P, Kehde S, Kohn FM, Schroeder-Printzen I, et al. Treatment-related stresses and depression in couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment by IVF or ICSI. Andrologia 1999; 31: Moghissi KS, Wallach EE. Unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 1983; 39: Klimek M, Pabian W, Tomaszewska B, Kolodziejczyk J. Levels of plasma ACTH in men from infertile couples. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2005; 26: = 국문초록 = 목적 : 불임부부에서자궁강내정자주입술시행후연속하여시행한자궁강내정자주입술및전환하여시행한체외수정시술이정액검사소견에미치는영향을알아보고자하였다. 연구방법 : 진단적목적으로컴퓨터정액분석기를이용한정액검사 (computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA)) 를시행한후자궁강내정자주입술을시행하였으나임신에실패한 53예를대상으로하였다. 자궁강내정자주입술시행후 38예의환자에서는두번째자궁강내정자주입술을시행하였고 (Group 1), 15예의환자에서는체외수정시술을시행하였다 (Group 2). 이들에서두번째불임시술을위해채취한정액의양 (volume), 정자의농도 (concentration), 운동성 (motility), 총운동성정자수 (total motile sperm count) 등의컴퓨터정액분석소견을이전에자궁강내정자주입술시시행한정액검사소견과비교하였다. 결과 : 대상불임부부간의남편연령, 첫번째시술과두번째시술사이의시간간격, 불임의원인등에는유의한차이가없었다. Group 1에서첫번째시행시의정액검사소견의정상여부와관계없이, 정자의운동성은첫번째자궁강내정자주입술시행시보다두번째자궁강내정자주입술시행시에통계적으로유의하게감소하였다. Group 2에서는첫번째자궁강내정자주입술시보다체외수정시술시정자의농도, 정자의운동성, 총운동성정자수에서통계적으로유의하게감소하였다. Group 2의하위그룹분석에서는자궁강내정자주입술시행시정상정액소견을보인경우는체외수정시술시정자의농도와총운동성정자수가유의하게감소하였으나, 자궁강내정자주입술시행시비정상정액소견을보인경우에는체외수정시술시정자의운동성이유의하게감소하였다. 결론 : 자궁강내정자주입술시행후임신에실패하여체외수정시술을시행하게된환자의정액검사소견은자궁강내정자주입술을계속시행받은환자군에비해더악영향을받는다. 그이유를설명하기위해심리적스트레스에대한후속적인연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 중심단어 : 체외수정시술, 자궁강내정자주입술, 정액검사소견, 컴퓨터정액분석
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Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
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정연경, 이정렬, 문정희, 김현준, 한상훈, 지병철, 구승엽, 서창석, 김석현, 최영민, 김정구, 문신용 大韓不妊學會誌 : 第 33 卷第 1 號 2006 Kor. J. Fertil. Steril., Vol. 33, No. 1, 2006, 3 무력정자증환자에서인간난포액과 SpermGrad 를이용한정자처리법의비교 서울대학교의과대학산부인과학교실 1, 분당서울대학교병원산부인과
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