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1 대한내과학회지 : 제 75 권제 1 호 2008 갈색세포종이동반된신경섬유종증 1 형에서발생한자발성뇌출혈 1 예 대구가톨릭대학교의과대학내과학교실 김무곤 이진배 홍승표 김소연 이영수 류재근 최지용 A case of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with pheochromocytoma Moo Gon Kim, M.D., Jin Bae Lee, M.D., Seung Pyo Hong, M.D., So Yern Kim, M.D., Young Soo Lee, M.D., Jae Kean Ryu, M.D. and Ji Yong Choi, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is very rare in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. A 30-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation of headaches, nausea, and vomiting. She was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 and a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. She was treated with conservative management, including antihypertensive medications for 32 months. However, because of sustained hypertension, we performed screening tests for a pheochromocytoma. The 24 hr urine VMA and urine metanephrines were elevated. Abdominal CT showed a right adrenal mass, cm in size.. After a successful resection of the tumor, the hypertension resolved without medication for > 1 year. This case illustrates that delayed diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma can cause serious complications from hypertension, such as cerebrovascular hemorrhage. Thus, in patients with neurofibromatosis and hypertension, screening for pheochromocytoma is important for the early detection of an adrenal tumor. (Korean J Med 75: , 2008) Key Words : Neurofibromatosis; Pheochromocytoma; Intracerebral hemorrhage 서론신경섬유종증 1형은여러장기를침범하는유전성질환으로서 neurofibromatosis 1 유전자의돌연변이혹은결손에의해발생하여상염색체우성으로유전되는질환이다 1). 발생률은 3,000명중 1명정도이나, 실제유병률은더욱높을것으로추정된다 1). 일반적으로여러장기를침범하는질환으로전신의밀크커피색반점, 액와부및서혜부의반점, 신경섬유종, 시신경교종, 홍체과종, 나비뼈의결손혹은가성관절과같은장골이상, 신경섬유종증 1형의가족력등 7개의진단기준중 2개이상을만족하면임상적으로진단을내 릴수있다 2, 3). 신경섬유종증환자에서갈색세포종이동반된경우는약 0.1~5.7% 로보고되나, 자발성뇌출혈은매우드문합병증이다 4, 5). 국내에서는 1998년에정등 6) 이정상혈압인환자에서두개내우측내경동맥폐색과좌측내경동맥협착을동반한시상부출혈을보고한예가있으나신경섬유종 1형과갈색세포종으로인한고혈압이동반된환자에서뇌출혈을동반된예는보고된바가없다. 저자들은신경섬유종증 1형과갈색세포종이합병된환자에게발생한자발성뇌출혈을경험하였기에보고하는바이다. Received : Accepted : Correspondence to : Jin Bae Lee, M.D., Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daemyeong 4-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu , Korea jblee@cu.ac.kr
2 - The Korean Journal of Medicine : Vol. 75, No. 1, Figure 2. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (the left frontal pole) shows a focal mixed signal intensity lesion with a fluid-fluid level, representing hyperacute-to-acute hemorrhage. Figure 1. General appearance showing multiple café au lait spots. 증 례 환자 : 여자, 30세주소 : 갑작스럽게발생한두통현병력 : 내원 2일전특별한외상없이갑작스러운두통이발생하여 2일간경과를관찰하였으나증상호전을보이지않고, 구역및구토가발생하여본원응급실로내원하였다. 과거력및가족력 : 내원 1년전고혈압으로진단받고타병원에서항고혈압약제를복용중이었으며, 환자의모친및외숙부에게전신의밀크커피색반점의과거력이있었다. 이학적소견 : 내원당시생체활력징후는혈압 210/140 mmhg, 맥박분당 96회, 체온 36.6, 호흡수분당 20회였다. 의식상태는명료하였고, 급성병색을보였다. 이학적검사에서안구돌출을보이고, 액와부의반점및전신의밀크커피색반점을보였다 ( 그림 1). 호흡음은청명하였고, 심잡음은 Figure 3. Computerized tomographic scan of the orbit shows a large bony defect in the greater wing of the right sphenoid bone. 들리지않았다. 복부이학적검사에서압박통이나간비종대소견은보이지않았다. 검사실소견 : 입원당시시행한말초혈액검사에서백혈
3 - Moo Gon Kim, et al : Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in neurofibromatosis type 1 - Figure hour blood pressure Holter monitoring shows fluctuation of blood pressure. 구 11,800/mm 3, 혈색소 13.1 g/dl, 혈소판 285,000/mm 3 이었고, 혈청생화학검사에서혈중요소질소 15.0 mg/dl, 크레아티닌 0.8 mg/dl, 소디움 142 meq/l, 포타슘 4.5 meq/l였으며, 총단백 7.4 g/dl, 알부민 4.6 g/dl, AST 57 IU/L, ALT 43 IU/L였다. 지혈검사에서 PT 11초, aptt 27초, bleeding time 3분, coagulation time 8분이었다. Figure 5. Computerized tomographic scan of the abdomen shows a heterogenous mass with cystic changes in the left adrenal gland, cm in size. Figure I-MIBG scan shows a large radionuclide accumulation in the left adrenal area
4 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 75 권제 1 호통권제 575 호 A B Figure 7. Photomicrography of hematoxylin-eosin-stained section showing polyhedral, pleomorphic chromaffin cells 100 (A), 400 (B) 방사선학적소견 : 뇌전산화단층촬영및자기공명영상검사에서좌측전두엽부위의급성출혈을보였고 ( 그림 2), 우측나비뼈큰날개부위의결손소견을보였으며이결손부위를통해우측전두엽및측두엽이안와부위로탈장되어우측안구가돌출된소견을보였다 ( 그림 3). 치료및경과 : 신경섬유종증에합병된자발성뇌출혈으로진단하고만니톨, 세레브로라이신 (cerebrolysin), 나록손 (naloxone) 등을정주하고, 안지오텐신전환효소억제제로혈압을조절하는등보존적치료를시작하였다. 입원 2일째시행한뇌전산화단층촬영에서새로발생한우측전두엽의혈종소견을보였다. 보존적치료를계속하였으나, 심한두통은입원 7일째까지지속되었고, 이후에도간간히경한두통을호소하였다. 18일간의보존적치료후더이상의심한두통을호소하지않고혈압은 110/70 mmhg 에서 130/80 mmhg 로유지되어퇴원후외래에서경과관찰을시작하였다. 퇴원이후에도간간히두통을호소하였으나비교적건강하게지내던중퇴원 18개월후심한두통을호소하여뇌전산화단층촬영을시행하였고, 오래된출혈소견외에는특이소견이없었다. 이후에는불규칙하게외래방문하여추적하던중퇴원 32개월후두통및어지러움을주소로외래에방문하였고, 당시혈압이 280/130 mmhg, 210/110 mmhg 로측정되어혈압조절및이차성고혈압에대한검사를시행하기위해다시입원하였다. 24시간보행혈압측정에서최고혈압 195/139 mmhg, 최저혈압 122/71 mmhg, 평균혈압 143/95 mmhg 로심한변동을보이는양상이었다 ( 그림 4). 24시간요중 VMA 1.62 mg/24hr ( 정상치 8 mg/24hr 이하 ), metanephrine mg/24hr ( 정상치 1.29 mg/24 hr 이하 ), 혈 중 epinephrine ng/ml ( 정상치 0.3 ng/ml 이하 ), 혈중 norepinephrine ng/ml ( 정상치 0.8 ng/ml 이하 ) 로측정되었다. 복부전산화단층촬영검사상좌측부신에서 cm 크기의종괴가발견되었다 ( 그림 5). 131I-MIBG 스캔에서좌측부신의조영증가소견을보였다 ( 그림 6). 좌측부신의갈색세포종및동반된이차성고혈압의심하에복강경적좌측부신절제술을시행하였다. 수술로제거된종괴는조직학적으로갈색세포종으로진단되었다 ( 그림 7). 수술후항고혈압제투여없이혈압이 120/80 mmhg 로유지되었고, 수술 6개월후시행한 24시간요중 metanephrine mg/24 hrs, VMA 0.1 mg/24hr로정상을유지하고있으며, 특이증상없이외래에서추적관찰중이다. 고찰신경섬유종증환자의혈관계침범은주로대동맥과신동맥, 경동맥, 관상동맥등을주로침범한다 3, 7-9). 1951년이래뇌혈관합병이보고된예는전세계적으로약 50개에지나지않는다 5). 신경섬유종증환자에발생할수있는뇌혈관의이상의대부분은혈관의폐색이나협착이며드물게동맥류, 동정맥기형등이보고되었다. 이러한뇌혈관이상의임상양상은뇌경색, 뇌출혈, 뇌압상승으로나타난다. 이러한혈관이상의발생기전은아직명확하지않다. 혈관벽내에존재하는근육세포및슈반세포의증식으로인해혈관속막 (tunica intima) 이두꺼워지고, 근육층은약해지게되는데그결과혈관벽이두꺼워짐으로인해혈관의폐색이나협착이일어나게되고결국동맥류가발생하게된다 10). 자발성뇌출혈의원인으로뇌혈관의이상외에도일차적지혈기능의이
5 - 김무곤외 6 인 : 신경섬유종증 1 형에서발생한자발성뇌출혈 - 상도생각할수있다. 신경섬유종증이폰빌레브란트병과연관이있으며, 심한수술후출혈을보인증례가수차례보고되었고, 신경섬유종증환자에게서는출혈위험은높지않다고하더라도거의모든환자에게서지혈기능의이상을발견할수있었다 11). 그러므로신경섬유종증환자에게서컴퓨터단층촬영이나자기공명영상으로뇌출혈이증명이되었다고하더라도뇌혈관의이상을배제하기위해자기공명혈관조영술 (magnetic resonance angiography) 또는디지털혈관촬영술 (digital subtraction angiography) 을시행해야하며, 수술을받을예정인환자들에게는지혈기능검사를시행하도록추천한다 5, 11). 본증례의경우일차적지혈검사에서특이소견을보이지않았다. 신경섬유종증 1형환자의약 0.1~5.7% 에서갈색세포종이동반되며, 이중 11.5% 는악성이며, 6% 는임신이나치료술기중또는고혈압성위기로인해사망하게된다 12). 갈색세포종은비교적흔히동반되는합병증은아니므로모든신경섬유종증 1형환자에서선별검사를할필요는없다. 하지만고혈압이동반된환자에게는갈색세포종에대한선별검사로서혈장메타네프린 (metanephrine) 및 24시간요중카테콜라민 (catecholamine) 및메타네프린을측정하여갈색세포종을배제하여야한다 13). 갈색세포종을수술적방법으로적절히치료한다면예후는그리나쁘지않아수술자체에의한사망률은 2~3% 이내이며, 갈색세포종의완전절제후대부분의환자들은정상혈압을유지한다 14). 본증례의경우뇌출혈이발생하기전에비교적젊은나이에고혈압을진단받았지만이차성고혈압에대한검사없이항고혈압제만투여하던중뇌출혈이발생하였으며뇌출혈당시고혈압이동반되었음에도갈색세포종에대한선별검사가이루어지지않아결과적으로갈색세포종의진단및수술적치료가지연되는결과를초래하였다. 그러므로신경섬유종증환자에서고혈압이동반될경우갈색세포종에대한선별검사를시행하여뇌출혈과같은심각한고혈압합병증을예방하는것이중요하다. 갈색세포종으로인한이차성고혈압을동반한신경섬유종증 1형환자에게서발생한자발성뇌출혈을동반한증례는문헌고찰상아직보고된예가없어서보고하는바이다. 요약신경섬유종증환자에서갈색세포종이동반된경우는약 0.1~5.7% 에이르나, 자발성뇌출혈은매우드문합병증이다. 저자들은신경섬유종증 1형의임상적인특징을보이는 30세여자가고혈압과자발성뇌출혈로내원하였고항고혈 압제로혈압이조절되지않아뒤늦게갈색세포종이진단되어수술적으로치료한 1예를경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. 중심단어 : 신경섬유종증 ; 갈색세포종 ; 뇌내출혈 REFERENCES 1) Blickstein I, Lancet M, Shoham Z. The obstetric prospective of neurofibromatosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158: , ) National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. Neurofibromatosis: conference statement. Arch Neurol 45: , ) Riccardi VM, Eichner JE. Neurofibromatosis: phenotype, natural history and pathogenesis. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, ) Walther MM, Herring J, Enquist E, Keiser HR, Linehan WM. von Recklinghausen's disease and pheomochromocytomas. J Urol 162: , ) Nijenhuis AV, van der Aa HE, Geelen JA, Havenith MG. Intracerebral haemorrhage in neurofibromatosis type 1. Acta Neurochir 143: , ) Jeong SW, Bae HJ, Lee SH, Yoon BW. Cerebral hemorrhage in neurofibromatosis type 1: one case. J Korean Neurol Assoc 16: , ) Greene JF Jr, Fitzwater JE, Burgess J. Arterial lesions associated with neurofibromatosis. Am J Clin Pathol 62: , ) Sobata E, Ohkuma H, Suzuki S. Cerebrovascular disorders associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis: a case report. Neurosurg 22: , ) Tai-Sen Lin T, Martuza RL. Neurofibromatosis and other dysgenetic tumours. In: Vincken PJ, Bruyn GW, eds. Handbook of clinical neurology, neuro-oncology. In: Vecht Ch J, ed. vol 68. revised series 24. p , Amsterdam, Elsevier, ) Salyer WP, Salyer DC. The vascular lesions of neurofibromatosis. Angiology 25: , ) Favaloro EJ, Zafer M, Nair SC, Hertzberg M, North K. Evaluation of primary hemostasis in people with neurofibromatosis type 1. Clin Lab Haematol 26: , ) Opocher G, Conton P, Schiavi F, Macino B, Mantero F. Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau disease and neurofibromatosis type 1. Fam Cancer 4:13-16, ) Lenders JW, Eisenhofer G, Mannelli M, Pacak K. Phaeochromocytoma. Lancet 366: , ) Kalff V, Shapiro B, Lloyd R, Sissin JC, Holland K, Nakajo M, Beierwaltes WH. The spectrum of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients with neurofibromatosis. Arch Intern Med 142: ,
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