14.김덕경(08-193).hwp
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1 대한내과학회지 : 제 77 권부록 1 호 2009 증례 신경섬유종증제1형환자에서의인성동정맥루로인한심부전 1예 성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원 1 내과학교실, 2 진단검사의학과, 3 영상의학과 최이령 1 이수진 1 김수민 1 최희정 1 기창석 2 최연현 3 김덕경 1 Congestive heart failure due to an iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula in a patient with neurofibromatosis-1 E Ryoung Choi, M.D. 1, Su Jin Lee, M.D. 1, Soo Min Kim, M.D. 1, Hee Jung Choi, M.D. 1, Chang-Seok Ki, M.D. 2, Yeon Hyeon Choi, M.D. 3 and Duk-Kyung Kim, M.D. 1 Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, 2 Radiology and 3 Labaratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 39-year-old woman, who 3 months prior had undergone sono-guided biopsy for pelvic masses, was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. fter the procedure, a large arteriovenous (V) fistula was detected. The patient developed dyspnea with pain and swelling of the right leg and subsequently visited our hospital. Multiple cafe-au-lait spots and subcutaneous nodules were noted and a continuous bruit was heard in the right pelvic area. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed marked dilatation of the right atrium, right ventricle, and inferior vena cava. n angiogram showed multiple V fistulas between the right iliac arteries and veins. The patient underwent aortoiliofemoral bypass surgery. Follow-up echocardiography after surgery showed dramatic improvement in heart function. Molecular analysis revealed a novel variation (c g>a) at the 24 th intron-exon splicing consensus sequence of the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene. This is a rare case of V fistula that developed after biopsy and caused right-sided heart failure in a patient with neurofibromatosis. (Korean J Med 77:S68-S72, 2009) Key Words: rteriovenous fistula; Congestive heart failure; Neurofibromatosis type 1 서론신경섬유종증은유전질환으로신경외배엽, 중배엽에서기인된조직에영향을미쳐, café-au-lait 반, 피부신경섬유종, 신경계및골격계, 혈관의이상소견등다양한임상상을나타내는질환이다. 본증례는신경섬유종증환자에서골반내고형종양의진단을위하여경피적생검술이후발생한거대한동정맥루로인한고박출성심부전이발생한예로동정맥루우회로수술이후임상적으로큰호전을보인 1예를경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고한다. Received: ccepted: Correspondence to Duk-Kyung Kim, M.D., Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul , Korea dkkim@skku.edu - S 68 -
2 - E Ryoung Choi, et al. Congestive heart fialrue in neurofibromatosis-1 - 증례환자 : 노 숙, 39세, 여자주소 : 호흡곤란 (New York Heart ssociation class IV) 과거력및현병력 : 환자는어릴때부터오른쪽둔부편측비대, 다발성 café au-lait 반과피부결절이있던분으로 2006 년 11월우측다리통증을주소로타병원방문하여골반 MRI상오른쪽골반벽에 10 cm의고형종양이발견되었다 ( 그림 1). 이후세차례초음파유도하경피적생검술을시행받았고, 조직검사상방추세포가나와신경원성종양의심하에항암화학치료 2회시행받았다. 2007년 1월우측다리의통증과부종이심해졌고오른쪽골반부위에서동정맥루가발견되어색전술이시도되었으나실패한상태로점차호흡곤란심해져 2007년 2월 9일본원응급실로전원되었다. 가족력 : 어머니와여동생이피부에 café-au-lait 반이있었으나진단받지않았다. 이학적소견 : 내원당시활력징후는혈압은 92/28 mmhg, 맥박은분당 93회, 호흡은분당 28회, 체온은 36.2 였다. 의식은명료하였으나, 심한만성병색을보였다. 경정맥확장소견이보였고, grade 3의수축기심잡음및오른쪽골반부위로 bruit가들렸다. 그리고우하복부압통및하지부종이 grade 2로관찰되었다. 얼굴과등에다수의 cafeau-lait 반과피부결절이보였다 ( 그림 2). 검사소견 : 말초혈액검사에서백혈구 13,680/mm 3, 혈색소 10.9 g/dl, 헤마토크리트 34.3%, 혈소판 89,000/mm 3 였고, 생화학검사는혈중요소질소 26.6 mg/dl, 크레아티닌 1.65 mg/dl, 총빌리루빈 2.0 mg/dl, ST/LT 236/89 IU/L, NT pronp 23,283 pg/ml으로상승되었다. 동맥혈가스검사는 ph 7.337, po mmhg, pco mmhg, HCO mmol/l이었다. 심전도소견 : 정상동조율, 양심방확장소견을보였다. 심장초음파 : 좌심실구혈률 (ejection fraction) 은 75% 로증가되어있었으며우심방과우심실및하대정맥의심한확장, 중증의삼첨판폐쇄부전, 경도의승모판폐쇄부전소견이확인되었다. 방사선검사 : 단순흉부촬영소견은경도의심비대소견보였고, CT혈관조영 ( 그림 3, 3) 및혈관조영술상원위대동맥에서기인한거대한혈전성동맥류및오른온엉덩동맥과정맥사이에거대한동정맥루와하대정맥확장이관찰되었다. 치료및경과 : 환자는심장성쇼크로활력징후불안정한상태였고, 심박출량저하로인한급성신부전진행하여무뇨및대사성산증으로 continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) 시행하였다. 평소몸무게는 44 kg 정도였으나수술직전 64.5 kg로몸무게증가를보였다. 동정맥루가거대하여색전술을다시시도하지않고심장성쇼크상태 ( 혈압 80/40 mmhg, 요량 0~30 ml/hr) 에서동정맥루우회수술을시행하였다. 수술소견상장부종및복수가있고, 엉덩정맥및하대정맥의확장및심한섬유화로서로유착이심하여박리및결찰이불가능하여원위부대동맥을절제하고인조혈관을이용하여대동맥과왼쪽으로는엉덩동맥, 오른쪽은대퇴동맥으로우회수술을하였다. 수술이후신부전은호전되어요 Figure 1. xial T2-weighted magnetic resonance image of the pelvic cavity. The MRI showed an approximately 10-cm iso-signal intensity mass (arrows) on the right side of the pelvic wall. No evidence of arteriovenous malformation was detected in these initial imaging findings. Figure 2. Multiple, variable-sized neurofibromas (arrows) and café au lait spots (arrowhead) were seen on the skin of the back. - S 69 -
3 대한내과학회지: 제 77 권 부록 1 호 2009 Figure 3. () Three months after the pelvic mass biopsy, 3D volume rendered CT images showed tortuous engorgement of the vascular structures, representing the arteriovenous fistula (V) in the pelvic cavity. () The schematic image showed a thrombosed aneurysm (arrow), which was treated with coil embolization, and large V fistulas (thick arrows). Spot 1 indicates the V fistula between the right common iliac artery and the left common iliac vein, and spot 2 denotes the V fistula between the right arterial iliac artery and the right external iliac vein. Figure 4. () 2D Echocardiography showed improvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) dilatation from 26 mm to 17 mm. (*: preoperative state; **: postoperative state) () 2D apical 4 chamber view taken during the end of diastole revealed that the right ventricle (RV) (arrow) decreased in size and the interventricular septal deviation recovered to the RV. 량이 증가하였고, 심부전 증상도 호전되었다. 수술 후 시행 40 kg 정도로 회복되었다. 한 심초음파에서 좌심실 구혈률은 55%, 우심방, 우심실, 하 환자의 외견과 가족력으로 신경섬유종증 의심되어 neuro- 대정맥 크기는 현저히 감소하고, 삼첨판 폐쇄부전은 호전되 fibromin (NF1) 유전자에 대한 염기서열분석을 시행한 결과 었다(그림 4). 몸무게는 수술 직전 64.5 kg에서 퇴원 시에는 NF1 International Mutation Database에서 제시한 유전자구조 - S 70 -
4 - 최이령외 6 인. 신경섬유종증제 1 형의심부전 - Figure 5. () Sequence analysis of the proband (patient) and comparisons with results obtained from family members revealed a novel variation at the 24 th intron-exon splicing consensus sequence of the NF1 gene (arrow). The proband from the patient, the patient s second sister, and the patient s son, who all demonstrated the clinical phenotype of neurofibromatosis 1, had the same heterozygous variation, while the two other sisters with a normal phenotype showed a normal sequence. () Pedigree of the family (arrow: patient). 를기준으로 24번째인트론 (intron) 의짜집기보존서열 (splicing consensus sequence) 의 G 서열이 로치환된새로운변이 (c g>, NM_ 표준서열기준 ) 가발견되었다 ( 그림 5). 이변이와질환과의관련성을확인하기위해시행한환자가족에대한추가검사에서질환을가진여동생과조카에서동일한변이가발견된반면신경섬유종증으로의심할수있는임상양상이없는 2명의여동생에서는변이가발견되지않았다 ( 그림 5). 고찰신경섬유종증은단일유전자질환으로상염색체우성유전하는질환으로청신경초종 (acous neuroma) 이없으면제1 형, 청신경초종이있으면제2형으로구분되며본증례는신경섬유종증제1형에해당하며진단기준은 1) 사춘기이전에는 5 mm 이상, 사춘기이후에는 15 mm 이상인 café au lait 반점이 6개이상 2) 액와부또는서혜부의주근깨 (feckles) 3) 2개이상의신경섬유종 (neurofibroma) 또는 1개이상의총상신경섬유종 (plexiform neurofibroma) 4) 시신경교종 (optic nerve glioma) 5) 2개이상의홍채의 Lisch 결절 6) 골병변 : 접형골이형성 (sphenoid dysplasia) 또는장골피질의얇아짐 7) 제1 형신경섬유종의가족력등에서두가지이상을보일때진단할수있다 1). 본증례에서는 café au lait 반점, 2개이상의신경섬유종, 가족력등으로신경섬유종증으로진단할수있었고, 제1형신경섬유종증의원인유전자인 neurofibromin (NF1) 염색체검사에서도진단되었다. 고박출성심부전은정맥환류가증가되어심장으로혈류랑이증가되어이완기과부하로인해발생하는것으로맥압의증가, 박동성의종괴, 심잡음이나떨림, 심초음파상하대정맥확장등의소견을보인다. 고박출성심부전은빈혈, 갑상선기능항진증, 습성각기병 (wet beriberi) 또는파제트병 (Paget s disease) 과같이전신질환이있거나동정맥루가있을때발생한다 2). - S 71 -
5 - The Korean Journal of Medicine: Vol. 77, Suppl. 1, 신경섬유종증환자에서의대략 10% 에서여러혈관변화가보고되고있는데신혈관협착으로인한이차성고혈압, 내장기관이나뇌의경색, 동맥류로인한출혈, 동정맥루등의증상을나타낼수있다 3). Reubi는 1944년에신경섬유종증환자에서혈관내벽의증식과민무늬근과탄력섬유의분절, 바깥막의결절성비후등의동맥벽의변화를처음보고하였고 4), 1974년에 Salyer 와 Salyer 는혈관에서신경집종세포의증식을제안하였으며 5), Deans 등은신경섬유종증환자에서동정맥루의두가지발생기전을제시하였는데평활근의형성이상이나신경섬유종으로약해진동맥벽부분으로동맥류가만들어진후인접한정맥과동정맥루가발생하는것과선천적으로중배엽의이형성으로인한동정맥루가발생하는것을제안하였다 6). 최근 Hamilton과 Friedman 은혈관의내벽과평활근에서 neurofibromin 기능의변화로신경섬유종증환자의혈관이상의병리학적기전을설명하였다 3). 신경섬유종증환자에서혈관의벽은평활근형성이상이나신경섬유종으로혈관이취약한상태이므로자발적으로동정맥루가발생하기도하며작은외부충격 7,8) 이나일상적인침습적인검사로도동정맥루발생이더쉽게야기될수있다. 본증례에서는골반내고형종양의진단을위해간단하고안전한검사로널리이용되는초음파유도하경피적생검술이후거대다발성동정맥루가발생하였다. 따라서신경섬유종증환자에서침습적검사시검사이전에미리조영증강 CT 또는혈관조영술등혈관상태를파악하는주의가필요하다. 이번증례에서조직검사전조영증강 CT가시행되지않았는데동정맥루가있던오른쪽둔부는선천적으로편측비대가있던상태로선천적혈관기형이동반되었을가능성도있다고생각되며신경섬유종증이의심되거나진단받은상태에서는혈관상태를제대로파악하지않은상태에서조직검사를시행한것은매우위험할수있다. 신경섬유종증환자에서일반환자보다침습적인검사시더세심한주의를요하며필요시경피적조직검사보다절개생검이필요하다. 요 신경섬유종증환자에서여러혈관문제가발생하는것으로보고되고있다. 본증례는신경섬유종증환자에서비교적안전하다고알려진경피적생검술이후거대한다발성동정맥루발생으로고박출성심부전이발생한경우로동정맥루우회로수술이후임상적으로큰호전을보인 1예를경험하여문헌고찰과함께보고한다. 중심단어 : 동정맥루 ; 제 1 형신경섬유종증 ; 울혈성심부전 약 REFERENCES 1) Walther MM, Herring J, Enquist E, Keiser HR, Linehan WM. von Recklinghausen's disease and pheochromocytomas. J Urol 162: , ) Durakoglugil ME, Kaya MG, oyaci, Cengel. High output heart failure 8 months after an acquired arteriovenous fistula. Jpn Heart J 44: , ) Hamilton SJ, Friedman JM. Insights into the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis 1 vasculopathy. Clin Genet 58: , ) Reubi F. Neurofibromatose et lesions vasculaires. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 75: , ) Salyer WR, Salyer DC. The vascular lesions of neurofibromatosis. ngiology 25: , ) Deans WR, loch S, Leibrock L, erman M, Skultety FM. rteriovenous fistula in patients with neurofibromatosis. Radiology 144: , ) Tsuha M, Kashiwagi S, Katoh S, Wakuta Y, oki H. Traumatic arterio-venous fistula with false aneurysm in neurofibromatosis. Neuroradiology 30:88, ) Kahara V, Lehto U, Ryymin P, Helen P. Vertebral epidural arteriovenous fistula and radicular pain in neurofibromatosis type I. cta Neurochir 144: , S 72 -
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