09-5.hwp
|
|
- 성령 제
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 대한한의학회지제 39 권제 1 호 (2018 년 3 월 ) J Korean Med. 2018;39(1):86-94 pissn eissn Case Report 문상관 1,2, 정민호 1, 권승원 1,2, 조승연 1,2, 박성욱 1,2, 정우상 1,2, 박정미 1,2, 고창남 1,2, 조기호 1,2 1 경희대학교한방병원순환신경내과 2 경희대학교한의과대학순환신경내과학교실 The Effect of Geopungchunghyul-dan on Circumferential Strain of Carotid Artery: A Case Series Sang-Kwan Moon 1,2, Minho Jung 1, Seungwon Kwon 1,2, Seung-Yeon Cho 1,2, Seong-Uk Park 1,2, Woo-Sang Jung 1,2, Jung-Mi Park 1,2, Chang-Nam Ko 1,2, Ki-Ho Cho 1,2 1 Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital 2 Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Objectives: This study is aimed to examine the effect of Geopungchunghyul-dan on circumferential strain of carotid artery in outpatients of Kyung Hee University hospital of Korean Medicine. Methods: Retrospective chart review is used from June 2016 to August 2017 for outpatients of Kyung Hee University hospital of Korean Medicine. 14 patients taking Geopungchunghyul-dan over 1 month were speculated. Data of circumferential strain and intima-media thickness was taken from carotid ultrasonography and processed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Geopungchunghyul-dan lowered circumferential strain of both carotid arteries after 1 month of administration (p<0.05). Intima-media thickness of both carotid arteries did not changed significantly. Conclusions: Geopungchunghyul-dan may ameliorate arterial stiffness. Key Words : Geopungchunghyul-dan, Circumferential strain, Arterial stiffness 서론동맥경직도 (Arterial stiffness) 란혈압에대한동맥의탄성정도를나타내는말이다. 죽상동맥경화증의하위개념으로죽상경화증과동맥경화증으로구분할때동맥경화증에대응되는개념이다. 동맥의탄성이떨어져있으면혈압의변동성에대한혈관의대처능력이떨어지게된다. 동맥의탄성이좋지않다면동맥경직도가높다는뜻으로동맥경직도는동 맥혈관의구조와기능을평가할수있는주요지표이다 1). 동맥경직도는심혈관질환 2) 이나뇌혈관질환 3) 의독립적인위험인자로알려져있다. 동맥경직도를평가하는방법으로 PWV(Pulse wave velocity), CAVI (Cardio-ankle vascular index), ABI(Ankle-brachial index), CIMT(Carotid intima-media thickness), FMD(Flow mediated dilation), AI(Augmentation index), DC(Distensibility coefficient), BSI(Beta Received:30 Nobember 2017 Revised:5 March 2018 Accepted:2 March 2018 Correspondence to: 정민호 (Minho Jung) 경희대학교한의과대학순환신경내과학교실 Tel: , Fax: , tox37@naver.com 86
2 (87) stiffness index), CS(Circumferential strain) 등의지표를사용할수있다. 이들중특히총경동맥 (Common carotid artery) 의 CS를측정하는방법은다른방법들에비해침습적이지않고간단하면서도일관성이더좋다는장점이있다 4). 동맥경직도가증가하면혈압변동에따른항상성유지능력이저하되므로미세혈관에더많은부담을주게되어뇌에서의소혈관질환이유발될수있다 5). 하지만현재동맥경직도를개선하는치료는없다. 뇌혈관질환에적용할수있는대표적인한약제형화처방으로거풍청혈단이있다. 거풍청혈단은황금, 황련, 황백, 치자, 대황, 단삼, 삼칠, 용뇌로구성되어현재경희대한방병원중풍센터에서빈용하고있는처방이다. 황금, 황련, 황백, 치자, 대황으로구성된청혈단이라는처방에단삼, 삼칠, 용뇌를추가한처방으로이전까지청혈단과관련해서는고지혈증, 고혈압, 죽상동맥경화, 뇌의소혈관질환에대한효능이연구되어있다 6). 최근의연구와더불어기존한의학의문헌적, 임상적근거를통해사용하고있는거풍청혈단이동맥경직도를개선시켜뇌의소혈관질환에작용한다는추론을해볼수있다. 거풍청혈단이동맥경직도를개선한다면뇌의소혈관질환에사용할수있는이론적근거가공고해지며동맥경직도를개선하는치료로서한약처방의사용영역을확대해볼수있다. 이에본연구에서는한방병원에서거풍청혈단을복용하고있는환자들에대하여후향적차트분석을통해실제동맥경직도가개선되는지를확인하고자하였다. 용어에있어서는기존연구들사이에통일되지않는부분이있어본저술에서는 Common carotid artery 의 CS(Circumferential strain) 값을일관되게경동맥탄력도라고지칭하였다. 향적의무기록분석을통하여다음선정기준과제외기준에적합한자를선정하였다. 1. 연구대상 1) 선정기준 (1) 경희대학교한방병원중풍센터외래내원환자로거풍청혈단을단독으로복용한기록이있는환자 (2) 거풍청혈단을 1개월이상복용하며복용전과후경동맥탄력도초음파검사를시행한환자 2) 제외기준 (1) 거풍청혈단복용이전 3달이내다른한약을복용한적이있는경우 (2) 간, 신장의기능이상이있는경우 (3) 임신한경우 2. 연구선정변수경희의료원의무기록실을통해연구대상의정보를취득하며선정기준과제외기준에부합하는환자들을대상으로얻고자하는정보는다음과같다. 1) 성별과나이 2) 진단명및주소증 3) 과거력및흡연, 음주력 4) 이상반응발생여부 5) 경동맥초음파측정수치 - 경동맥내중막두께 (Carotid Intima-media thickness) - 좌측경동맥탄력도 (Circumferential carotid strain of Left) - 우측경동맥탄력도 (Circumferential carotid strain of Right) 연구대상및방법 2016년 6월 1일부터 2017년 8월 31일까지경희대학교한방병원중풍센터외래방문환자중거풍청혈단을 1개월이상단독복용한환자를대상으로후 경동맥초음파측정수치는 Vivid S5(General Electric Medical System ; Milwaukee, WI, USA) 를사용하여얻어진것으로 MHz 선형탐촉자를사용하였다. CS 값은 2D strain software(echopac 7.0.0, GE Vingmed Ultrasound; Milwaukee, WI, 87
3 (88) Journal of Korean Medicine 2018;39(1) USA) 를사용해 ROI(Region of interest) 를수동으로설정하는추가적인과정이진행되어야얻을수있다. 모든과정은경희대학교한방병원중풍센터외래의숙련된전문수련의에의해시행되었다. 3. 통계분석방법통계분석에있어 Statistical Package for social sciences for Windows(SPSS) version 18.0을사용하였으며, 거풍청혈단복용전후경동맥초음파측정수치의변화정도가유의미한지살펴보기위해 Wilcoxon signed-rank test 검사법을사용하였다. 4. 윤리적문제경희대학교한방병원임상시험심사위원회의승인을받아과학적, 윤리적연구수행을진행하였다. (KOMCIRB HR-042) 연구결과 2016년 6월 1일부터 2017년 8월 31일까지경희대학교한방병원중풍센터외래방문환자중거풍청혈단을 1개월이상복용한환자는모두 37명이었으며이들중경동맥초음파측정이거풍청혈단복용전과후로 2회이상측정된환자는 14명이었다. 14 명모두거풍청혈단을하루 1회 2캡슐씩복용하였다. 제외기준에해당하는환자는없었다. 연구대상이되는환자 14명은남성 7명, 여성 7명으로구성되고연령분포는 62세에서 78세까지로 70.36±4.58세의평균, 표준편차값을나타냈다. 진단명및주소증을 Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Patients. (n=14) Number of patients (%) Small vessel disease 5 (35.71) Tension type headache 2 (14.29) Transient ischemic attack 2 (14.29) Main impression Vestibular neuritis 2 (14.29) Cervicalgia 1 (7.14) Vasovagal syncope 1 (7.14) Facial myokymia 1 (7.14) Headache 4 (28.57) Dysarthria 4 (28.57) One side weakness 3 (21.43) Facial palsy 3 (21.43) Dizziness 3 (21.43) Chief complain General weakness 3 (21.43) One side numbness 2 (14.29) Motor aphasia 1 (7.14) Aphthous ulcer 1 (7.14) Tinnitus 1 (7.14) Facial myokymia 1 (7.14) Hypertension 11 (78.57) CVD risk factor Diabetes mellitus 9 (64.29) Dyslipidemia 8 (57.14) Social history Smoke 2 (14.29) Alcohol 4 (28.57) 포함한환자기본정보는다음과같이나타났다 (Table 1). 1. 경동맥초음파측정수치 거풍청혈단복용시작시점과복용 1개월후시점에서측정된경동맥탄력도와경동맥내중막두께의평균과표준편차는다음과같이나타났다 (Table 2). 경동맥탄력도는거풍청혈단복용전후로유의한호 Table 2. Mean Value and Standard Deviation of Circumferential Strain and Intima-Media Thickness of each Common Carotid Artery at Start(Baseline) and 1 Month of Treatment. Baseline 1 month p value CS (Left) 1.76± ± * CS (Right) 1.80± ± * IMT (Left) 0.76± ± IMT (Right) 0.79± ± CS, circumferential strain; IMT, intima-media thickness. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for comparison between start and 1 month of treatment. *Statistically significant at p
4 (89) Fig. 1. Change of left circumferential strain for 1 month of treatment. Fig. 2. Change of right circumferential strain for 1 month of treatment. 전변화가좌 우경동맥모두에서관찰되었다 (p=0.003, 0.013). 경동맥내중막두께는거풍청혈단복용전후로유의한변화가좌 우경동맥모두에서관찰되지않았다 (p=0.054, 0.726). 거풍청혈단복용전후로 14명환자각각의좌, 우경동맥탄력도변화를 Fig. 1, Fig. 2에나타내었다. 2. 경동맥탄력도변화율거풍청혈단복용전후경동맥탄력도의차이를복용전경동맥탄력도의값으로나누어경동맥탄력도의변화율을나타내었다 (Table 3). 좌측에서평균적으로 23.26±22.94%, 우측에서평균적으로 21.53± 28.98% 의변화율이나타났다. 3. 복용기간에따른경동맥탄력도의변화거풍청혈단복용 2개월이상지속하며경동맥초음파측정까지시행된환자가 7명 ( 남성 3, 여성 4) 있었으며 3개월까지지속한경우는 4명 ( 남성 2, 여성 2) 있었다. Fig. 3, Fig. 4에서복용 2개월사이의좌, 우경동맥탄력도변화를그림으로나타내었다. 좌측경동맥탄력도는 2개월사이유의한호전변화 가있었으나 (p=0.018) 우측경동맥탄력도는 2개월사이통계적으로유의한호전변화가나타나지않았으나 (p=0.128) 7명중 1명이외에는호전변화를나타내고있다. Table 3. Rate of Change in Circumferential Strain for 1 Month of Treatment Patient Rate of change in CS (%) Left Right # # # # # # # # # # # # # # mean SD CS, circumferential strain; SD, standard deviation 89
5 (90) Journal of Korean Medicine 2018;39(1) Fig. 3. Change of left circumferential strain for 2 months of treatment Fig. 4. Change of right circumferential strain for 2 months of treatment Fig. 5. Change of both circumferential strain for 3 months of treatment 90
6 (91) 복용 3개월차까지경동맥초음파측정값이있는 4명에대해서는표본수가적어각환자의경동맥탄력도추이를 Fig. 5에표시하였다. 4명의좌, 우경동맥탄력도변화는통계적으로유의하지않았다 ( 좌, 우각각 p=0.068, 0.144). 하지만 4명중 1명이외에는시간이지날수록꾸준한경동맥탄력도호전경과를나타냈다. 4. 이상반응복용시작후재진과정에서보고된이상반응은없었다. 고찰본연구에서거풍청혈단을하루 1회 2캡슐씩 1달이상복용하는경우경동맥탄력도가개선되는것으로나타났다. 경동맥탄력도는일반적으로연령에비례해서저하되는경향으로노화의영향을받는것으로알려져있으며경동맥내중막두께가두꺼울수록저하되는경향이나타나는것으로알려져있다 7). 경동맥탄력도란시간이지날수록감소하는지표인데거풍청혈단의복용으로일정수준의가변적인범위안에서경동맥탄력도가개선될수있음을본연구에서확인할수있었다. 경동맥초음파를이용한경동맥탄력도측정은측정하는사람의숙련도에따라측정자간의측정오차 (Interobserver variability) 를가질수있다. 또한측정시마다조금씩값이달라지는측정자내의측정오차 (Intraobserver variability) 역시발생할수있다. 경동맥탄력도측정에있어기존연구들에서보고한측정오차는크지않은편으로경동맥초음파를이용한경동맥탄력도측정값은일관성을가지는것으로이해할수있다. 특히동맥경직도를평가하는다른지표들과비교할때, 측정자간의측정오차에서일치상관관계계수 ρ c=0.98, 카파통계량에서 κ=0.80, 측정자내의측정오차에서는 ρ c=0.99, κ=0.87가나와가장일관성있는측정결과를보여주었다 8). 상관계수를사용한분석에서는측정자간의측정오차 에서 0.93, 측정자내의측정오차에서 0.90으로상관계수가나타났다 8). 이외표준편차를평균으로나눈변동계수를사용한분석이 4건있었는데측정자간의측정오차가 %, 측정자내의측정오차가 % 로나타나대략 10% 내외의측정오차를나타낸다고볼수있다 9-12). 본연구에서따로측정자간의측정오차와측정자내의측정오차를구할수없었기에거풍청혈단복용 1달사이에나타난경동맥탄력도변화가측정오차의범위를넘어서는것인지를직접확인할수없었다. 다만각환자별로거풍청혈단복용전후경동맥탄력도의차이값을복용전경동맥탄력도값으로나눈백분율을구하여경동맥탄력도의변화율을계산해이전연구에서의경동맥탄력도측정오차와간접적으로비교해보았다. 좌측 23.26±22.94%, 우측 21.53±28.98% 의변화율이나타나 10% 내외의측정오차를넘어선변화가나타난것으로이해할수있다. 경동맥탄력도의좌 우값의처리에있어서는아직일관된방법이나와있지않다. 다른지표와의상관성분석에있어좌측경동맥탄력도값만을사용하기도하며측정오차의분석처럼좌 우의구분이의미가없을것으로생각되는경우에는좌 우값을함께묶어처리하기도하였다. 본연구에서는 14명의환자를대상으로좌 우를따로구분하여거풍청혈단복용전후의변화의정도를분석하였다. 좌 우값을독립된측정수치로이해하여구분없이처리한다면표본수가두배가되어통계적유의성이높아질수있겠지만같은사람에있어좌 우경동맥탄력도의독립성이확인되지않아통계분석에있어좌 우를따로처리하는것을원칙으로하였다. 참고로거풍청혈단복용전 14명의경동맥탄력도의좌 우값의비모수적상관계수 (Spearman s rho, Kendall s tau) 를구해본결과 ρ=0.737, τ=0.552로나타났으나적은표본수와비모수적통계분석의한계로좌 우경동맥탄력도의상관성을단정할수없었다. 동맥경직도는죽상동맥경화증을이해하는지표로사용되며심혈관질환과뇌혈관질환과의관련성이 91
7 (92) Journal of Korean Medicine 2018;39(1) 인정되어이들질환의심각도를평가하고예방하는목적으로연구되고있다 13). 동맥경직도를평가하는데있어경동맥탄력도측정은비교적최근에등장한방법이다. 동맥경직도를비침습적이며쉽고정확하게측정하기위해다양한방법이시도되고있으며이전까지는 PWV(Pulse wave velocity), CAVI (Cardio-ankle vascular index), ABI(Ankle-brachial index) 등이많이사용되었으나측정값의일관성이높지않다는단점이있었다. 경동맥탄력도측정은숙련도에따라차이가있을수있지만 10분이내로측정이가능하며혈압에의한변동성이크지않다는장점이있고측정값의일관성도높다. 1057명의환자를대상으로한국내의대규모연구에서경동맥탄력도는죽상동맥경화증과상관성이높으며경동맥내중막두께와경동맥탄력도를함께고려했을때심혈관질환의예측이더정밀해진것으로밝혀졌다 7). 심혈관질환과뇌혈관질환의예방및관리목적으로경희대한방병원중풍센터에서빈용되는처방인거풍청혈단은기존한약제형화처방인청혈단에단삼, 용뇌, 삼칠을추가하여캡슐로만들어진약물이다. 황금 270mg, 황련 270mg, 황백 270mg, 치자 270mg, 대황 70mg, 단삼 60mg, 삼칠 10mg, 용뇌 4mg의비율로한캡슐당 370mg으로만들어졌다. 기존한의학의문헌적, 임상적근거를통해구성되었으며현재실험적, 임상적연구가함께진행되고있다. 거풍청혈단관련연구는청혈단과의효능비교논문이 1건 15) 있으며청혈단의구성이황련해독탕, 삼황사심탕 과중복되어이들에대한연구를함께참조할수있다. 동맥경직도와관련한이전의한약관련임상연구로는청혈단을 8주간복용하여 PWV 지표가감소하는것을확인한대조군연구가있으며 15), 건강인을대상으로심적환복용후경동맥탄력도가감소하는것을확인한무작위대조군연구가있다 16). 거풍청혈단이경동맥탄력도개선에작용하는기전을이해하기위한실험연구로는청혈단과관련하여혈관내피세포에대한항염증, 항산화작용에대한연구들이축적되어있다 6). 분자생물학적으로청혈단이 NOS 유전자의발현을촉진하는한편 VCAM-1 유전자의 발현을억제하여동맥경직도를개선한다는연구결과도있었다 17). 거풍청혈단역시혈관내피세포에대한작용을통해경동맥탄력도에영향을미친것으로볼수있으며더욱상세한기전이해를위해서는이와관련한실험연구가추가적으로진행되어야할것이다. 본연구는후향적차트분석연구이며대상환자수가적어비모수적검정을사용해야했다. 통계적유의성을높이기위해서는더많은환자를대상으로경동맥탄력도의변화를분석해볼필요가있다. 또한거풍청혈단복용기간에있어 3개월복용시경동맥탄력도변화가더뚜렷한모습을나타내었기때문에복용기간이더길게설정된다면분명한효과를확인할수있을것으로보인다. 하지만본연구에서이미유의미한통계적변화가확인되었고, 거풍청혈단만을단독복용하는사례가흔치않기때문에추후에는전향적대조군연구를진행하는것이거풍청혈단의경동맥탄력도개선효능을검증하는데있어도움이될것으로생각한다. 전향적연구에서는경동맥탄력도측정에있어측정오차를함께분석해보는과정을더하여경동맥탄력도검사의신뢰도를다시확인해볼필요도있을것이다. 경동맥탄력도검사에대한연구가축적되어임상현장에서보편화되고, 거풍청혈단이경동맥탄력도를개선한다는근거가확립된다면한의학임상영역에서의과학적근거가더욱강화될것으로생각한다. 결론 2016년 6월 1일부터 2017년 8월 31일까지경희대학교한방병원중풍센터외래방문환자중거풍청혈단을하루 1회 2캡슐씩 1개월이상단독복용한환자 14명을대상으로후향적의무기록분석을통해복용전후의경동맥탄력도를비교한결과다음과같은결론을얻었다 개월간의거풍청혈단복용전후로경동맥탄력도값이좌 우모두유의한변화가있었다. 반면 92
8 (93) 경동맥내중막두께는좌 우모두유의한변화가없었다. 2. 거풍청혈단복용 1개월사이경동맥탄력도의전후변화율은좌, 우각각 23.26±22.94%, 21.53± 28.98% 로나타났으며이는 10% 내외로알려진변동계수값보다높은변화율을나타내어측정오차범위이상의변화가나타났다고볼수있다. 3. 거풍청혈단복용과정에서보고된이상반응은없었다. 이상의결과에따라거풍청혈단복용은큰이상반응없이측정오차의범위를넘어서경동맥탄력도를개선시킨다고볼수있다. 본연구결과가거풍청혈단효능의객관적인근거자료가될수있을것으로사료되며추후전향적인무작위대조군맹검연구를진행해볼수있는바탕이될것으로보인다. 참고문헌 1. Cohn JN, Duprez DA, Grandits GA. Arterial elasticity as part of a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular risk and drug treatment. Hypertension. 2005;46(1): Boutouyrie P, Tropeano AI, Asmar R, Gautier I, Benetos A, Lacolley P. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension. 2002;39(1): Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2001;37(5): Bjällmark A, Lind B, Peolsson M, Shahgaldi K, Brodin LA, Nowak J. Ultrasonographic strain imaging is superior to conventional non-invasive measures of vascular stiffness in the detection of age-dependent differences in the mechanical properties of the common carotid artery. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010;11: Saji N, Toba K, Sakurai T. Cerebral small vessel disease and arterial stiffness: tsunami effect in the brain. Pulse 2016;3(3 4): Jung WS, Kwon S, Cho SY, Park SU, Moon SK, Park JM, et al. The Effects of Chunghyul-Dan (A Korean Medicine Herbal Complex) on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016: Park HE, Cho GY, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Sohn DW. Validation of circumferential carotid artery strain as a screening tool for subclinical atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012; 19(4): Catalano M, Lamberti-Castronuovo A, Catalano A, Filocamo D, Zimbalatti C. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain imaging in the assessment of mechanical properties of carotid arteries: feasibility and comparison with conventional markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Eur J Echocardiogr Jul;12(7): Yuda S, Kaneko R, Muranaka A, Hashimoto A, Tsuchihashi K, Miura T, et al. Quantitative measurement of circumferential carotid arterial strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in healthy subjects. Echocardiography Sep;28(8): Yang EY, Dokainish H, Virani SS, Misra A, Pritchett AM, Lakkis N, et al. Segmental analysis of carotid arterial strain using speckle -tracking. J Am Soc Echocardiogr Nov;24(11): Saito M, Okayama H, Inoue K, Yoshii T, Hiasa G, Sumimoto T, et al. Carotid arterial circumferential strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking: a novel parameter of arterial 93
9 (94) Journal of Korean Medicine 2018;39(1) elasticity. Hypertens Res Sep;35(9): Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Cygulska K, Cieślik -Guerra U, Uznańska-Loch B, Rechciński T, Trzos E, et al. Circumferential strain of carotid arteries does not differ between patients with advanced coronary artery disease and group without coronary stenoses. Adv Med Sci Sep;61(2): Boutouyrie P. Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: establishing normal and reference values The Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness' Collaboration. European Heart Journal. 2010;31: Park TH. Neuroprotective effect of Geopungchunghyul -dan on in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and in vivo permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model[dissertation]. Seoul: Kyunghee Univ.; Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Ko CN, Cho KH, Kim YS, et al. Chunghyul-dan(Qingxie-dan) improves arterial stiffness in patients with increased bapwv. Am J Chin Med. 2006; 34(4): Min KD. The Effects of Cardiotonic Pills on Common Carotid Artery Elasticity in Healthy Subjects [Dissertation]. Seoul: Kyunghee Univ.; Park SU. Effect of Chunghyul-dan on Arterial stiffness : Clinical and Molecular Study [Dissertation]. Seoul: Kyunghee Univ.;
012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationJksvs019(8-15).hwp
Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>
김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May
More information(01) hwp
Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information(Microsoft PowerPoint - S13-3_\261\350\273\363\307\366 [\310\243\310\257 \270\360\265\345])
Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic Syndrome 김상현 보라매병원내과 서울대학교의과대학내과학교실 Contents Metabolic syndrome and Cardiovascular system CVD Mortality Coronary artery disease Heart failure Atrial fibrillation Management
More information전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)
전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re
EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern
More information16_이주용_155~163.hwp
사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin
More informationPharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More information노인정신의학회보14-1호
제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information00약제부봄호c03逞풚
경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )
Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More information<31382D322D3420BDC5B1D4C8AF5FB3EDB9AE28C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770>
醫 史 學 제18권 제2호(통권 제35호) 2009년 12월 Korean J Med Hist 18ː57 72 18ː173-188 Dec. Dec. 2009 2009 C 大 韓 醫 史 學 會 ISSN ISSN 1225 505X 1225-505X 지방병 연구와 식민지배 : 1927년 영흥 및 해남지역 에메틴 중독사건을 중심으로 신 규 환* 1. 머리말 2. 일제의
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information(Microsoft PowerPoint - CXBTUEOAPVQY.ppt [\310\243\310\257 \270\360\265\345])
당뇨병환자에서항혈소판제사용 - 아스피린일차예방을중심으로 - 경희대학교강동경희대병원 황유철 말씀드릴내용 당뇨병및심혈관질환의역학 아스피린의심혈관질환 1차, 2차예방효과 아스피린부작용및용량에따른효과차이 당뇨병환자에서아스피린사용의적응증 사망원인순위, 2010 년 25.6% 통계청 심혈관질환에의한의료비추세 6 조 1400 억 국민건강보험공단, 2002-2009 Multidisciplinary
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More information특집-5
76 May June 2008 IT Standard & Test TTA Journal No.117 TTA Journal No.117 77 78 May June 2008 IT Standard & Test TTA Journal No.117 TTA Journal No.117 79 80 May June 2008 IT Standard & Test TTA Journal
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More information14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
More informationuntitled
Case Report : Asan Medical Center Cardiac Rehabilitation AACVPR (http://www.aacvpr.org/) KACVPR (http://www.kacvpr.com/) Backgrounds PCI 2,395 consecutive patients in Minnesota (Mayo Clinic) Between1994
More informationTreatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy
Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB
More information패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer
READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 2010.1 Fashionbiz
More information< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>
Case Report J Sasang Constitut Med 2014;26(4):379-388 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2014.26.4.379 Abstract A Case Study of Soyangin Patient with Hyperhidrosis Treated Successfully with Hyungbangsabaek-san(
More information16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
More informationECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More information???춍??숏
Suseong gu Council Daegu Metropolitan City www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr Contents SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY 10 www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr 11 SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze
More information<31312EBFF8C8F1B0FC2E687770>
대한내과학회지 : 제 75 권제 2 호 2008 고혈압환자의경동맥내중막두께의증가는중막두께의증가에기인한다 건양대학교의과대학심장내과학교실 1, 한국표준과학연구원 2 원희관 1 김원식 2 김기영 1 현대우 1 권택근 1 배장호 1 Increased carotid intima-media thickness in hypertensive patients is caused
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More informationMay 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr
May 10~12 2012 Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome originates in the
More informationuntitled
경동맥검사 1. 적응증 경동맥초음파검사는다음과같은임상증상이나질환이의심될때시행되어야하며, 진료 현장에서검사가필요하다고판단된경우아래적응증에국한되지않고시행할수있다. 1) 임상증상 - 경동맥부위잡음 (carotid bruit) - 경동맥부위의박동성종괴 - 일과성흑암시 (amaurosis fugax) - 구음장애 (dysarthria) 2) 의심질환 - 쇄골하동맥도류증후군
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image
More information- 2 -
- 1 - - 2 - 전기자동차충전기기술기준 ( 안 ) - 3 - 1 3 1-1 3 1-2 (AC) 26 1-3 (DC) 31 2 37 3 40-4 - 1 14, 10,, 2 3. 1-1 1. (scope) 600 V (IEC 60038) 500 V. (EV : Electric Vehicle) (PHEV : Plug-in Hybrid EV).. 2. (normative
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More information레이아웃 1
대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More informationRisk of Developing Hypertension by Daily Intake of Alcohol
JNC 7 ESH/ESC (Guidelines) Guidelines 2003. 5 JNC 7 Guidelines ; The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572.
More information09권오설_ok.hwp
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction
More informationÆ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š
Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding
More information1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.
More informationFluoroscopic anatomy for supraventricular tachycardia ablation Hui-Nam Pak, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cariovascular Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College
More information433대지05박창용
Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More information005송영일
Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation
More information±èÇ¥³â
533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance
More information약수터2호최종2-웹용
Contents 06 08 11 14 17 17 18 19 23 28 28 33 37 41 45 45 51 56 59 64 66 72 80 26 29 31 34 35 35 38 39 40 42 43 43 46 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 59 60 61 62 69 73 74 77 78 79 14 15 25 36 48 06 07 08
More informationA Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer
More information27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :
27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More informationγ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
More information388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR
6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7
More information590호(01-11)
T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government
More informationJkbcs016(92-97).hwp
Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean
More information03±èÀçÈÖ¾ÈÁ¤ÅÂ
x x x x Abstract The Advertising Effects of PPL in TV Dramas - Identificaiton by Implicit Memory-based Measures Kim, Jae - hwi(associate professor, Dept. of psychology, Chung-Ang University) Ahn,
More information(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228
(JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method
More information278 경찰학연구제 12 권제 3 호 ( 통권제 31 호 )
여성경찰관의직업윤리의식결정요인분석 * An Analysis of Determinantal Factors Influencing Professional Ethical Standards of South Korean Police Women 신문희 ** 이영민 *** Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과 Ⅴ. 결론 Ⅰ. 서론 278 경찰학연구제 12
More information,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;
,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).
More information<352EC7E3C5C2BFB55FB1B3C5EBB5A5C0CCC5CD5FC0DABFACB0FAC7D0B4EBC7D02E687770>
자연과학연구 제27권 Bulletin of the Natural Sciences Vol. 27. 2013.12.(33-44) 교통DB를 이용한 교통정책 발굴을 위한 통계분석 시스템 설계 및 활용 Statistical analytic system design and utilization for transport policy excavation by transport
More information<30345FBCBCBACEC6F2B0A1B1E2C1D828BDC9B3FAC7F7B0FC292E687770>
경동맥내중막두께참조데이터세부평가기준 유효참조표준평가기준 ( 제 1 ~ 5 항 ) 1. 측정대상이명확하게명시되어있는지여부 성별 예 : 한국인남성 / 한국인여성 측정집단명시 연령대별 질환별 ( 유 / 무 ) 예 : 30 대 / 40 대 / 50 대 / 60 대 / 70 대 예 : 정상인 ( 동맥경화증없는집단 ) / 동맥경화증있는집단 표집된측정대상이한국인을대표할수있는가?
More information27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :
27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More information7 1 ( 12 ) 1998. 1913 ( 1912 ) 4. 3) 1916 3 1918 4 1919. ( ) 1 3 1, 3 1. 1.. 1919 1920. 4) ( ), ( ),. 5) 1924 4 ( ) 1. 1925 1. 2). ( ). 6). ( ). ( ).
7 1 ( 12 ) : 1-11, 1998 K orean J M ed H ist 7 : 1-11, 1998 ISSN 1225-505X * **.,.., 1960.... 1) ( ) 1896 3 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. 1), 14 1909 1,. 14 17 1913. 2)..,. ( ) ( ),. * 1998 (1998. 5. 7). ** 1).
More information<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*
More information03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö
25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More informationMicrosoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc
YWXY G ºG ºG t G G GGGGGGGGGrzyYWXYhWYXG Ÿƒ Ÿ ± k ¹Ÿˆ Review about the pantograph field test result adapted for HEMU-430X (1) ÕÕÛ äñ ã G Ki-Nam Kim, Tae-Hwan Ko * Abstract In this paper, explain differences
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: : * Research Subject
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.91-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.91 : * Research Subject Trend Analysis on Educational Innovation with Network
More information